Unit 2 Exploring English Grammer 构词法课件(24张PPT)

课件24张PPT。 请翻译：
Since you are so sensitive to the cold, you'd better put on more clothes when it is getting cold.You must be thought to be illiterate if you haven't heard about Shakespeare.Word formationTeaching aims:
1. To explore some rules of word formation

2. To improve the students' abilities to guess the meanings of the words.
3. To enlarge the students' vocabulary.
Word formation种类：
在英语中,词的构成法主要有四种:

合成、转化、派生、缩略一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成:
1.合成名词: pain-killer /cowboy/editor-in-chief/ output/outbreak/breakthrough/breakdown/outcome
2. 合成动词: overcome/ uphold /sleepwalk
3. 合成形容词: snow-white / lifelong /well-known
newly-built/ time-saving/ man-made/near-sighted/far-sighted/short-sight/widely-accepted/energy-saving/hand-made/home-made/three-legged/
4.合成副词: everywhere/ however/ beforehand
5.合成代词: everything/ anybody
6.合成介词: into/ within/ inside/

请同学们翻译下列合成词：（Brainstorm)
good-looking/ best-selling/ widely-accepted/ breath-taking/
English-speaking/ mouth-watering/ profit-making/
home-made/ short-sighted/ kind-hearted/ shortcoming/
drawback/ landmark/bedclothes/sunshine/downtown/
teamwork/software/rainfall/waterfall/desktop/laptop/
briefcase/coastline/keyboard/input/output/outbreak/
upbringing/rainbow/guideline/headline/headquarters/
aircraft-carrier/ airline/ weekend/wildlife/sandstorm/
mudslide/database/bookshelf/freeway/expressway/subway/
cocktail/take-away外卖/make-up/butterfly/earthworm/
go-between/whereabouts/ countdown/ breakdown/outcome二、转化:
It tastes good.
It has a good taste.
She is the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.
You are not alone, and we are all backing you.
He made it clear that he would not give up.
He cleared the table by taking away plates.
由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性. (1)动词 ------ 名词(2) 名词 ------动词（3）形容词 ------动词（4）形容词-----名词的转换(意义改变):
well (adj)----well (n) fine (adj)----fine (n)
patient ----patient safe-----safe
plain -----plain content----content
concrete -----concrete stable----stable
relative ----- relative fair-----fair
firm -----firm chief ----chief

特殊的 as.................................三、派生：1.表示否定意义的前缀dis- dishonest, dislike，disappear, discourage,
dissatisfied, disappear, disorder
in, im, ir,il, inexperienced, inconvenient, inaccurate, impossible, impatient, improper, impolite, immoral, irregular, irresponsible, illegal, ill-gotten,
mis- misunderstand, mislead, misuse, mistrust
non- non-profit, non-smoker, non-violence
un- unable, uncertain, unimportant, uneasy
anti-, ant- antisocial, antifreeze, antishock 由一个词根加上前缀
或后缀构成另外一个词。5) out-, 表示“在上面，在外部，在外”
outline, outside, outward
6) over-, 表示“在上面，在外部，向上”
overlook, overhead, over-bridge
7)????extra-, 表示“额外” extra-time
8)???? fore- 表示“在前面” forehead, foretell, foresee
9)????in-, im-, 表示“向内，在内，”
inland, invade, inside, import2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1)???? a- 表示“在……之上”，“向……”
aboard, aside, around
2)???? by- 表示“附近，邻近，边侧”
byroad, byway, bypass(弯路)
3) inter-, intel-, 表示“在……间，相互”
international, interaction, internet
mid-, 表示“中，中间” midnight, mid-autumn under-, 表示“在…..下面，下的”
underline, underground, underwater
11) up-, 表示“向上，向上面，在上”
upward, uphold, uphill(上坡) 1．re--“又,再” reform, review, replace, remove, renew
2. pre—“前” preschool, pre-war, preview, precondition
3. post—“后” post-war, postgraduate, postdoctoral
4. tele 远程 telephone, telegraph, telescope
5. de-向相反方向发展devalue, defrost（解冻）,degrade
6. trans-穿过，变transform, transport, transplant,
7. vice- 副 vice-premier, vice-president3.表示其他意义的前缀:8. ex- 前任的 ex-wife, ex-president，ex-girlfriend
9.semi-半 semi-final, semi-circle,
10. bi 两 bicycle, bilingual
11. tri三 triangle, tricycle
12.multi-多 multimedia, multicultural,
13. kilo-千 kilometer, kilogram
14. auto-自动的 automobile, autograph,
autobiography, automatically
15. eco-生态 ecosystem, eco-friendly
16. micro-小 microwave, Microsoft, microscope
17. sub- 次一级/ 潜 subconscious, suburban, subway,
subtropical, submarine,
18. Sino-中国的 Sino-Japanese, Sinopec
19. co- 联合，伴同 cooperate, coexist,
--bility--s--al--an--y--er
--or--ence--ance--tion --ation--sion--ce--age--th--ure--ment--ness--ship--dom--ing(s)--ry--able--al--tive--ly--(i)ous--ful--less--y--some--ial四、缩略法
　　缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
　　1.截头　　　
　 telephone----phone / aeroplane---plane
　　2.去尾　　　
　examination---exam / laboratory---lab
　　3.截头去尾　　　　
refrigerator---fridge　　influenze--- flu
4. 截取：
motel /sitcom/ FedEx/ smog
首尾字母缩略法：
即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。
1.very important person→VIP
2.television→TV
3.Testing of English as a Foreign Language →TOEFL Practice (I): rain(形容词) ________ agree(反义)__________
nation(形容词)_______ farm(人)__________
recent(副词)________ friend(形容词)________
hope(形容词)_______ job(形容词)_________
visit(名词)__________ access(形容词) ________
eight(八十)________ true(名词)___________
kind(名词)_______ China(形容词)________按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreightykindnessdisagreefarmerfriendlyjoblessaccessibletruthChinesePractice (II) 用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空：
Harry Potter is a boy who is full of ________________ (imagine)
___________________ (congratulate)! You have done so well in the game.
I received a letter of ________________ (invite) but I didn’t accept it.
His late ____________(arrive) made a mess of our plan.
To the _________________(amaze) of the parents, their child can look after himself
without their help.
He did exercise to _________________ (strong) his muscles.
I went out to ________________( breath) the fresh air.
Don’t take his words ______________ (serious); he was just kidding.
The boy felt ____________ (comfort) with his new classmates, so he seldom spoke.
10. The _______________(popular) of foreign words is part of the Japanese interest in
anything new.
11. The boy’s ___________ (usual) behavior puzzled the doctor.
12. He _____________ (like) those who are not well-behaved.
13. He was ________________ (formal) dressed in a blue silk shirt open to the neck.imaginationCongratulationsinvitation arrivalamazementstrengthen breatheseriouslyuncomfortablepopularityunusual dislikes informallyPractice (III) 用括号中所给单词的否定形式填空：
It is ______________ (legal) to drive after drinking alcohol.
___________(lead) advertisement are not allowed by law.
The _______________(expect) death of her son made her sad.
He was scolded for his _____________(acceptable) behavior.
If it is not ______________(convenient) to you, I should like to call on you tonight.
He was unlucky. No matter what he does, he was always ___________(succeed)
It was _______(polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye.
I am afraid I have to __________(agree) with you on the issue.
Paralympic Games (残奥会) are held for the ______________ (able).
10. It was ____________ (polite) of you to leave without saying goodbye.
illegal Misleadingunexpectedunacceptableinconvenientunsuccessful impolite disagree disabled impoliteThank you for your listening
!!!Practice (I): 从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.book
lookers
new
far
first
trouble
ten
baby
over
emptyreaching
case
minute
class
born
on
handed
eat
sit
free