中考英语阅读理解攻略专项讲解二（含解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


中考英语阅读理解专项攻略讲解二 主旨大意题
? 命题特点分析
① 主旨大意题目是阅读理解所设置的题目中最难类型，主旨题主要考查学生阅读理解能力，判断细节与主旨能力，逻辑推理能力及总结归纳能力.把握整篇文章的观点思想.
②主旨大意题的文章体裁主要是关于历史文化，价值观，社会方面的记叙文,议论文居多.
③文章的主旨大意题目考查设置可分为：段落主旨和整篇文章主旨
④主旨大意题往往是考查文章的深层意义及寓意而非字面意思，包括作者的意图及目的；尤其整篇文章主旨大意，如：The best title of the passage is _______.What’s the main idea of the passage?
? 主旨大意题解题思路
①先看问题，了解主旨题目的提问方式.
②略读文章，理解文章大意，抓住关键词及句子。
③寻找主旨句：1.主旨句出现在文章开头，即开门见山，随之用细节来说明解释，论证主题思想，这种题目教容易.2.主旨句出现文章末尾，即藏头露尾，文章先阐述细节，然后归纳总结.3.文章首尾都有主旨句，首尾呼应，不是简单的重复，而是发展和引申.4.主旨句隐藏文章中，没有明确的主旨句. 学生需要理解文章细节及各段意思，通过推理归纳，总结主旨句。
④以文章主旨为基础，推断出作者的意图目的及深层次的寓意.
? 主旨大意题设置方式
①What is the best title of the passage?
② What’s the main idea of the passage?
③ The passage mainly tells about _________________.
④What is the main idea of the paragraph____?
⑤ The purpose of the passage is to _________.
⑥ The passage is probably taken from---
主旨大意题解题思路实例分析
? 主旨大意实例1. 选择最好标题 What is the best title of the passage?
(2019金华中考)
It was Day 1 of our vacation on Cortes, a beautiful quiet island. “iPhone, iPhone, iPhone,” my son kept moaning(呻吟). In front of him was a big window of facing the blue ocean. And a cool gentle wind was coming in from the door. Clearly, he saw and felt none of it.
Back at home, I’d soon give up and hand the phone over to him after five minutes of listening to this kind of moaning.
But not here. Before we left, I had told my 10-year-old-old son the rule—no e-mails, no Facebook, no video games, and no iPhone. We came here to get away from them all. Here we were on our first day and already, he couldn’t stand it.
____ I walked down the grass road to the beach and looked out to the sea. My 6-year-old-old daughter and my husband were drawing on pieces of wood. They were doing just fine.
On Day 2, we spent the whole morning digging for shells(贝壳). This time, my son joined us. He collected shellfish and other sea treasures. When we got back to our little wood house. I gave my son a book, and put him on the lovely garden chair. It was almost dinner when he looked up.
The next few days passed in peace
On Day 6, my son was lying beside me on the beach, watching the sun going down. He was playing with the sand. And there was something shining in his eyes. I realized how time slowed down for both of us. It was exactly what I wanted. Finally, we were able to sit quietly without thinking about screens, phone calls and e-mails.
A week away from all the electronics and life is good.
1. The best title for the passage can be ____.
A. A Terrible Life on the Island B. A Special iPhone for My Son
C. A Fight between Mother and Son D. A Vacation Away from Electronics
? 主旨大意题实例2 . 段落的主要观点 What’s the main idea of the passage ____?
（2019宁波中考）
Big data (数据)can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.
1. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _____________________.
A. big data can be used for good reasons
B. we can use big data in a number of ways
C. big data can be used for both good and bad reasons
? D. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick
? 主旨大意题实例3. 整篇文章的观点 The text mainly tells about______.
（2019浙江湖州中考）
A myth is something that is not correct, but many people believe. There are a lot of myths about the human brain.
One of the biggest myths is that we only use 10 percent of our brains. The next part of the myth is that if we can learn to use the rest of our brains, then we'll be much smarter. People say this all the time, but it's absolutely not true! The truth is that although we don't know everything about the human brain, we know that each part of it has an important function (功能) . Modern scientists think the "10 percent myth" ridiculous (荒谬的) .
The other most popular myth is about being "right brained" or "left brained". According to this myth, people who use the right side of their brains are more artistic and creative. People who use the left side of their brains are better at math and science. This is as popular as the 10 percent myth, and it's also wrong. In 2013, a study at an American university examined the right brain and left brain myth. According to the study, we use both sides of our brains equally (相等地). "
It's true that we use different parts of our brains for different things. We use our left side for language more, and our right side when we need to pay attention. But there is no evidence (证据) that creative people use the right side more or that scientific people use the left side more.
We've talked about myths, so let's look at a few interesting facts about the brain. First of all, the brain feels no pain. Second, about 75 percent of the brain is made of water. It's also the fattest organ in your body. Here's another interesting fact about the brain. Around the time you turn 18 years old, it stops growing.
1.The passage mainly tells about _________________.
A. the growing of the brain B. different functions of the brain
C. right brain and left brain D. myths and facts about the brain
? 主旨大意题实例4. 作者写文章的目的The purpose of the passage is to _________.
（2018浙江衢州中考）
Most people use their mouths to talk, but do you know some people use their hands to speak? Some people who cannot hear use their hands to communicate messages to others. This is called sign language. These people make shapes with their fingers, movements with their hands, as well as different faces in order to talk to other people.

One way people speak with their hands is by making shapes for letters with their fingers. For example, if you make an "OK" sign with your thumb and finger, that is the shape for the letter "f" in American sign language. Each letter has a hand shape. This way people can spell words using their hands.
If you move your hand from your nose to your chin(下巴), you can say“mother” in American sign language. If you move your hand from the top of your head to your chin, you can say "father＂， Again, you have to use the same hand shape that you used for "mother".
Finally, people can change their faces to communicate in a sign language. For example, if you want to ask a question, you need to make your eyebrows (眉毛) go up. You also need to move your head forward a little.
If you want to say "I do not know", you need to make your eyes smaller and make your eyebrows go down.
1.The purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. help people know more about America
B. introduce American sign language to readers
C. teach readers how to make hand shapes
? D. encourage people to use more sign language
? 主旨大意题实例5.文章来自---. The passage is probably taken from---
2017河南中考
THE FORKS MARKET The Forks Market offers many different kinds of special souvenirs. Downstairs, shoppers may buy fresh food and fruits.In the upstairs, shoppers will find artworks.Open year- round.Tel: 204-942-6302 www.theforks.com
MANITOBA LEGISLATIVE BUILDINGManitoba Legislative Building was completed in 1920. many consider it to be the finest in the country. Open from a,m, to 8 p.m. for self-guided tours. Guided tours are offered free. Call for more information. Tel: 204-945-5813 www.gov.mb.ca/mit/legtour/index.html
MILLENNIUM LIBRARY Every day, up to 5,00 visitors come to Millennium Library for books, movies, music, wifi, reading corner and study space. Open Monday to Thursday from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.; Friday to Saturday from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.; Sundays from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.. Tel: 204-986-6450 www.winnipeg.ca/library
CHILDRON’S MUSEUMThe Children’s Museum helps lead to creative learning. there will be public programs, workshops and special events. During the holiday seasons, visitors can take a walk in Eaton’s Santa’s Village. Open daily.Tel;204-924-4000 www.childrenmuseum.com

注：souvenirs 纪念品；legislative 议会[来源:学科网]
1.Where is text most probably from?
A.A guide book. B. A picture book.
C. A history book. D. A science book.
主旨大意题经典习题练
基础篇
（2019浙江衢州中考） A
“Made in China” is having its moment now—and it's a fashionable one.
The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, both Chinese sports shoe brands(品牌), suddenly got international attention. Their products were seen all over the world. Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September, 2018. They showed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters.
Shaun Rein, managing director of China Market Research Group, said that the latest Chinese brands no longer catch customers' eye by low price. He told CNN, " They are sure that they can go head to head with foreign brands.
Maybe it is because China's young people are now more confident about their own culture. They don't show immediate interest in western culture any more.
“Today’s young people in China are crazy about Chinese cultural elements(元素).” Jin Qu, the manager of a clothing shopping website, said at a cultural festival in 2018. They like these elements printed on their clothes, even the brand picture of Laoganma in China, which was once seen as outside of fashion. But now young people are proud of these Chinese symbols.
“In fact, many stars in the West are now interested in Chinese cultural elements in fashion. Rihanna, a US singer, for example, wore a Chinese red dress to the 2015 Met Gala in New York. The dress was designed and made by Chinese designer Guo Pei.
“We have to move from making to creating,” Chinese-American designer Aric Chen once told The New York Times. “We want to replace the words ‘Made in China ’ with ‘Designed in China ’.”
1. The new designs of Li Ning Company in September 2018 were ____.
A. coats and scarves in Chinese red B. sweaters and jackets with English words
C. coats and scarves with American symbols D. sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters
2. The underlined word " They " in Paragraph 5 refers to ____.
A. Today's young people in China B. The workers in Jin Qu's shop
C. Some famous stars in the West D. Directors of some Chinese companies
3. What can be the best title for the passage?
A. Chinese Clothes Brands B. Sports in China
C Chinese Cultural Festival D. Designed in China
4. The passage above may be taken from a(n) ____.
A. newspaper B. guidebook C. novel D. ad
提高篇
（2019杭州中考） B
If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see clearly the different games and toys for boys and girls：there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls ；and dark colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink.
Some people think that too much pink is bod for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some
scientists, this happens for two reasons.Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect （影响） the choices and the decisions they will make in the future.
Some parents are worried too —for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. "Pink says that you are soft and gentle.Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I'm worried that pink will not help them with that." she says.
But not everyone thinks there's something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn't worried at all. "People forget that things change all the time. He says "My girls used to love pink when they were little, but as they get older, they change."Turner explains that his twelve-year-old daughter never wears pink clothes anymore. "This love of pink is just a fashion and all fashions change."he adds."It's only since the 1940s that people have started dressing girls in pink—before that it was a color for boys"
1.Which of the following best shows the structure of all passage?
A B C D
2.The underlined word " that" in Paragraph 3 means .
A. being soft and gentle B. being strong and powerful
C. being gentle but powerful D. being cute and beautiful
3.According to Grayson Turner .
A. parents needn't worry about pink toys B. all little kids love the color pink
C. pink has always been a color for girls D. his girls now prefer the color blue
4.The purpose of this passage is to .
A.explain why girls are crazy about the color pink
B.make parents less worried about the color pink.
C.encourage girls to give up playing with pink toys
D.show people's different opinions about the color pink
C
（2018金华中考）
My mother is a teacher, and I grew up with the challenges (挑战) a teacher faces. I often asked her, ”Why do you teach? What keeps you teaching? "The answer was always the same. "There is always that one child, that one moment that is worth it.”
Now, I am a teacher, too. But different from my mother, I teach students challenging activities outdoors. And when my mother asked me the similar questions, my answer was, "it's that one child, that one special moment.”
One of those moments happened recently. I was working with a group of girls in a four-week programme. Everything went on well through the "Team" events and we were moving on to a "High" one called the wire（钢索） Walk．
In the Wire Walk, each girl had to climb up the pegs(木桩)in a tree to a wire, 8 meters high, and then walk across it. Of course, everything was safe for sure.
When I asked who would try, a few girls raised their hands, and they finished the Wire Walk with little difficulty.
But when it was Susie’s turn, it seemed that she didn’t really want to. I asked Susie if she was ready. She answered softy, “I suppose.”
Now, Susie was at the foot of the tree. She started to make the long reach for the first peg. The other girls cheered for her. Then I found Susie was becoming nervous with every step. I realised she would not go much further.
Susie was halfway up. Then she stopped and held the tree tight(紧紧地), looking very afraid. Her eyes were closed. With her face against the tree, she cried, “I can’t.”
The other girls sat in silence. I talked quietly to Susie, trying to relax her. I talked for a long time till I ran out of words.
“I will still be your friend no matter what, Susie!" Mary broke the silence.
To my surprise, Susie lifted her head and looked up to the wire. Then she turned to look down at Mary and smiled. Mary smiled back.
Finally, Susie made it all the way across that wire. When she returned to the ground, the first hug she looked for was from Mary.
We all cheered.
Moments like this keep me doing what I do. The young hearts continue to fill me with courage.
1. Susie stopped halfway up to the wire because ________.
A. the teacher asked her to do it B. something was wrong with it
C. she was too afraid to move on D. it was too high for her to reach
2. Mary broke the silence in order to ________.
A. encourage Susie B. relax the writer C. try again herself D. draw Susie’s attention
3. From the story of Susie and Mary, we can learn that ________.
A. helping others is helping ourselves
B. a word of encouragement matters a lot
C. outdoor activities bring people closer than ever
D. a good method plays an important role in teaching
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. That One Moment B. The Wire Walk C. Love and Courage D. The Young Hearts

主旨大意理解实例答案
主旨大意理解实例一答案：
解题思路分析：本文章是个记事故事，主要讲述了没有电子产品的一周假期怎样度过的; 几天内儿子的变化.假期第一天，从句子“iPhone, iPhone, iPhone,” my son kept moaning(呻吟). 可看出儿子对电子iphone 念念不忘，根据句子I had told my 10-year-old-old son the rule—no e-mails, no Facebook no video games, and no iPhone可看出母亲是故意不带电子产品的。在假期第2天到第6天，从句子This time, my son joined us. my son was lying beside me on the beach, watching the sun going down. we were able to sit quietly without thinking about screens, phone calls and e-mails.可以看出没有电子产品的情况下，过得平静，开心。文章的结尾又给出主题句A week away from all the electronics and life is good.故答案是：D
主旨大意理解实例二。答案：
解题思路分析：本段主题句采用的是藏龙卧虎形式，本段没有直接出现主题句.本段主要讲述了大数据被应用的原因，有好方面的原因也有坏的方面的原因。根据句子Big data (数据)can be used for good reasons列出好的原因，并且列出实例说明Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick。根据句子Big data can also be used for bad reasons.
列出坏的原因，也列出实例。故答案是：C
主旨大意理解实例三答案：

解题思路分析：本文章是个说明文，讲述关于人大脑的一些传说和事实.第一段A myth is something that is not correct, but many people believe. There are a lot of myths about the human brain.就点出了主旨大意一定和myths有关。最后一段句子We've talked about myths, so let's look at a few interesting facts about the brain.可知道作者也阐述了关于人大脑一些事实。故答案是：D
主旨大意理解实例四答案：
解题思路分析：本文介绍了美国的手势语，列举几个手势语的用法.从第一段句子do you know some people use their hands to speak? Some people who cannot hear use their hands to communicate messages to others. This is called sign language. 这是文章主题句。第2,3,4段，
分别列出手势语言应用例子。因此确定答案是：B
主旨大意理解实例五答案：
解题思路分析：这类题目实际上是个细节概括题目，也是对文章整体归纳。图片1.介绍的是一个市场楼上卖food and fruits.一楼卖artworks.（艺术品）。图片2.介绍一个古建筑，它的开放时间Monday to Thursday from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m.; Friday to Saturday from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.; Sundays from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m.. 图片3.介绍是个图书馆及每天参观人数及开放时间。
图片4.介绍了儿童博物馆.综合4个图片，可归纳出文章是A guide book.故答案是A
主旨大意题经典习题练答案
基础篇A答案
解题思路分析：答案：1-4DADA
1题是细节题，根据第一段句子Chinese sportswear brand Li Ning was at the New York Fashion Week in September, 2018. They showed their new designs—sweaters and jackets with Chinese characters.即可确定答案是:D. 2题词义猜测题,根据第五段句子“Today’s young people in China are crazy about Chinese cultural elements(元素). They like these elements printed on their clothes, even the brand picture of Laoganma in China, --今天中国的年轻人对中中国元素很疯狂着迷，他们喜欢他们衣服上的这些元素’所以they 这里指的是Today's young people in China 所以答案是：3题是主旨题，文章从第一段用made in China 引入话题，来阐述designed in China，且最后有个主题句“We want to replace the words ‘Made in China ’ with ‘Designed in China ’.”因此答案是D. 4题实际也是概括题，从文章整体分析应该是A。
提高篇B答案: 解题思路分析：1-4 BBAD
1题是文章结构题,是阅读理解较难的类型，除了要求对文章理解透之外，还要有逻辑性判断出文章段落之间的关系。文章共4段；1段从玩具店引入话题, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink. 第二，第三段分别阐述了粉红色对女孩的好处与坏处，因此2段和3段是并列关系，第4段阐述了潮流的改变。因此文章结构是B. 第2 题词义猜测题，根据文章第3段句子 I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I'm worried that pink will not help them with that." she says.可知that 代替的是strong and powerful，因此答案：B . 3题是细节题，根据四段第一句But not everyone thinks there's something wrong with pink. Grayson Turner is a father of three girls and he isn't worried at all. 可知道答案是：A . 4题是主旨大意题；根据各段内容可知，本文主要讨论了人们对于粉色玩具的不同观点， 有人很担忧，有人认为不需要担心，故答案选 D。
提高篇C答案：
解题思路分析：1-4CABA
1题是细节题I realised she would not go much further. Susie was halfway up. Then she stopped and held the tree tight(紧紧地), looking very afraid. Her eyes were closed. With her face against the tree, she cried, “I can’t.”可知答案：C. 2题是细节推理题，从这句“I will still be your friend no matter what, Susie!" Mary broke the silence.到Susie made it all the way across that wire.可判断出Mary 是为了鼓励。故答案是：A。 3题是细节题，可知答案是B. 4题是主旨大意根据句子There is always that one child, that one moment that is worth it.”和最后句子Moments like this keep me doing what I do. 可知道答案是A.








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