中考英语阅读理解攻略专项讲解三（含解析）

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中考英语阅读理解攻略专项讲解三 词义猜测题
最近几年，中考英语阅读理解猜词义题成了一种必考题型，它不但考查学生的阅读理解能力，而且还有逻辑推理能力。学生要想做好这类题，除了足够的词汇量和平时的阅读训练外，掌握熟悉这个题型的特点及做题思路方法也是很必要的。
? 命题特点分析
① 根据文章意思，逻辑性对文章中生词词义猜测，熟词新意的猜测.
②根据上下文，对文章中出现的代词that, it, they, this代替文章中内容的猜测.
③根据构词法，对文章中出现的生词猜词义.
④对文章中出现的短语词义的猜测.
? 词义猜测题解题思路
①根据定义，或释义猜测词义.
②根据转折和对比关系猜词义.
③根据同位语猜词义
④根据句子之间的因果关系猜词义.
⑤利用文章中举例子猜词义
⑥根据构词法猜词义
⑦根据语境逻辑推理猜词义.
? 主旨大意题设置方式
① What does the underlined word phrase/sentence"."most probably mean
② The underlined word/ phrase"."means
③ Which of the following can be used here to replace(ft)the underlined phrase "."
④What does the word “_____” refer to?
⑤ The underlined the word “---“ is the closest in the meaning to_______.
词义猜测题解题思路实例分析
? 词义猜测题实例1. 根据转折和对比关系猜词义.
（2019杭州中考）
Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is that the operation is not difficult. It takes less than an hour and costs the family nothing. The charity raises money and finds the right medical volunteers to perform the operations.
1.The underlined word "abandoned" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. given up B. dressed up C. called up D. brought up
? 词义猜测题实例2 . 根据语境逻辑推理猜词义.
（2019杭州中考）
Some parents are worried too —for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. "Pink says that you are soft and gentle.Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I'm worried that pink will not help them with that." she says.
1.The underlined word " that" in Paragraph 3 means .
A. being soft and gentle B. being strong and powerful
? C. being gentle but powerful D. being cute and beautiful
? 猜词义题实例3.
Green roofs are not just pretty. They also help to moderate the city temperature. The high temperatures on common roofs in the summer can make top floor flats uncomfortably hot. What is more, they play a part in making the cities hotter than the countryside around them, causing the
“urban heat-island effect”. On a green roof, however, with its plants and water, temperatures change only a little, as they do in a park. This can greatly cut the costs of heating and cooling in the building below.
1.The underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 3 is the closest in meaning to “____”.
? A. raise B. check C. record D. control
? 猜词义题实例4. 利用文章中举例子猜词义
（2018浙江衢州中考）
I have read plenty of articles about self-improvement these past few months, and most of them tell you that you need to wake up and keep positive(积极的). When you wake up, you need to think that something great is going to happen today, and that you are going to have a great day. This kind of positive attitude(态度) is supposed to change your whole day.
So this morning I woke up and decided to give it a whirl. The sun was shining brightly through my bedroom window, and it immediately gave me this warm feeling inside. I thought to myself, "Today is going to be a great day. One of the best days ever!"
1.The meaning of the underlined phrase "give it a whirl" is probably similar to "_______".
? A. get dressed B. have e try C. read books D. make money
? 猜测词义题实例5. 根据定义，或释义猜测词义.
（2018湖州中考）
But what happens if your tears don't work? What happens if the piece of sand has gotten stuck in your eye? Eyes are delicate. They can be scratched or cut easier than skin(皮肤). If the particle is not washed out by tears, you might have to go to the doctor. You could even have problems seeing out of that eye.
1.The underlined word" delicate" in Paragraph 3 means ___________.
A. easily hurt B. quite important C. easily protected D. quite special
? 猜测词义实例6. 释义猜测词义.
（2018金华中考）
But shyness is not the kind of thing that most people can get over overnight. Overcoming shyness take time and needs practice.
1.What does the underlined word "overnight" in Paragraph 5 most probably mean?
A. Correctly B. Suddenly C. Slowly D. Finally.
? 猜测词义题实例7. 句子之间的因果关系猜词义.
The flower in the vase was withered because they had no water.
1.What is the meaning of the word “withered “?
A.枯萎的 B.活力的 C.生命力的 D.美丽的
? 猜测词义题实例8. 构词法猜词义
The people from 150 countries live and work in Dubai, and foreigners now outnumber Dubai natives(本地人) by eight to one.
1.What does the underlined word “ outnumber” mean?
A.To be small in size than another group.
B.To be more in number than another group
C.To be bigger in area than another group
D.To small in area than another group

阅读理解猜测词义题经典习题练
基础篇
A
A British man has learned the skills needed to perform Beijing Opera, making the audience (观众) enjoy his lively performance of the Monkey King.
??? Ghaffar Pourazar, born in Iran, said he has been a big fan of Bruce Lee since he was a child and is full of interest about China. In 1993, he happened to watch Beijing Opera performed in London by professionals from Jingju Theatre Company of Beijing. Ghaffar said he fell in love with the beautiful voices, colorful costumes, excellent shows and so on. So after one year, he arrived in China alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school.
??? At the age of 32, he had to learn with teenage students every day, starting from the most basic training of the legs and waist. At the time, he was mostly troubled by the dialogue in Beijing Opera. To him, it was the biggest obstacle. But he never gave up.
??? Four years later, he began to learn to perform the Monkey King, a traditional character from the Chinese classic story Journey to the West. He said he arrived in the workroom an hour earlier than other performers and also bought books and CDs to better understand the character.
??? Ghaffar today is not only good a speaking Beijing dialect (方言) but has also built a fame for Beijing Opera. He once got a top international prize for performing the Monkey King.
??? To help more people enjoy Beijing Opera, Ghaffar often teaches the traditional art form in schools in the United States, Britain and other countries. When he found that the language was difficult to understand, he started to translate Beijing Opera song lyrics. Ghaffar led a group of actors to perform 66 times in a month and a half in the United States. He also led a 48-member team to perform in Malaysia. In the past 10 years, he has performed in more than 400 shows.
1.In the year of 1994, Ghaffar began to ________.
A.?make friends with Bruce Lee B.?take an interest in China
C.?learn Beijing Opera in Beijing D.?act the part of the Monkey King
2.The underlined word "obstacle" in Paragraph 3 probably means "________".
A.?chance????????????????????B.?problem???????????????????????C.?topic????????????????D.?dream
3.It can be inferred from the passage that Ghaffar ________.
A.?is successful in performing Beijing Opera
B.?has written some books about Beijing Opera
C.?got a prize for translating Journey to the West
D.?doesn't need any more members in his team
4.The passage is most probably from the part of ________ in a newspaper.
A.?sports????????????????????B.?business?????????????????????C.?culture?????????????????????D.?education
提高篇
（2017金华中考） B
Almost all animals need to sleep to stay healthy. But sleeping can also be dangerous because other animals may hurt those who are sleeping. This leads to many different ways of sleeping that help them stay safe. Some of these ways may surprise you!
Almost all bats sleep upside down. They hang from a branch of a tree or the ceiling of a cave. Up high, bats are safe from most other animals. If they are in danger, they just fly away.
A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain at a time. It must stay awake to breathe and to watch for danger. Dolphin mothers and babies can go without sleep for as long as two months to stay safe.
Some ducks sleep with just half their brains, too. These ducks often sleep in a line. The ducks at both ends help to keep the group safe. They keep one eye open to watch for danger. The ducks in the middle sleep deeply with both eyes closed.
Seals breathe air, but that doesn’t stop some of them from sleeping underwater. They hold their breath and dive deep to sleep for up to twenty minutes at a time. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.
Horses often sleep standing up. Their legs lock in place so they don’t fall over. If a horse is lying down, it needs a long time to get up. A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.
A flamingo can sleep while standing on one leg. The standing leg locks so it stays straight. The other leg remains close to the flamingo’s body. Its head rests on its back. A flamingo lives (and sleeps) near many other birds to stay safe.
Some seabirds can sleep while they fly. These large birds spend most of their lives over the ocean. They are in danger on the water, but they are safe in the air. They fly for many hours without flapping（拍打）their wings. Sometimes they sleep while they are flying.
Would you like to sleep how they sleep?
1. The animals that sleep with half their brains are _______.
A. ducks and seals B. dolphins and ducks C. bats and dolphins D. flamingos and seabirds
2. Horses often stand up when they sleep because _______.
A. they can run from danger quickly B. they are afraid of falling over
C. this helps them to sleep deeply D. it takes them a long time to go to sleep
3. The underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 5 probably means _______.
A. offer to help B. come to teach C. refuse to protect D. want to kill
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. How animals sleep B. Sleep to stay healthy
C. Sleep as animals do D. What sleeping animals are like

（2017湖州中考） C
I’m not kind of mother who normally brushes her daughter’s hair, and my daughter has never like sitting there, waiting for me to do it.
But today, I’ve sat my daughter Sally on a kitchen stool(凳子). She’s sitting high with her eyes closed, skin still wet from the shower, and her longhair behind her back. I realize she is enjoying the moment. It’s the last time for a week that our bodies will connect. Today,I’m sending Sally away for a week of summer camp. This was all my idea. She’s nearly 12，and I noticed that I’m with my child nearly 24 hours a day.
Living on a farm without any neighbors, I’ve chosen a life that is quieter than a normal family’s. But rather than expecting space away from me, Sally has become increasingly dependent. What frightens me most is that she has become a “mini-me”, even has the same hobbies, dreams, and opinions as me. That’s why I pulled her the summer camp: a nearby wilderness(荒野) camp called Hawk Circle.
After eating, I drive Sally to Hawk Circle. Once there, we are introduced to her fellow campers, Sally stands by them, holding my hand, horror in her eyes,trying to work up the courage to join a game of soccer. “I need you for a few more minutes,” she tells me. I pull her away to walk to one of the camp’s workers.”Excuse me.”I say loudly, “I’d like to introduce you to my daughter. Maybe you could help her meet a few of these kids.” He comes over talk to Sally, and the I disappear before she realizes it.
It is a hard time for me to drive back. When I arrive home, I calm down and remind myself why I chose this way. I want Sally to have a chance to find herself. I want to learn who she is. If I don’t set her free, I fear I’ll never really meet her real personality.
1.Why did the writer send her daughter to the summer camp?
A. Her daughter wanted to go to the summer camp.
B. It was helpful for her daughter to make friends.
C. She wanted to help build her daughter’s independence.
D. Camp training was something common to her daughter.
2.The underlined word “horror” in Paragraph 4 probably mean” ”.　
A. fear B. doubt C. hate D. pity
3.How did the writer feel after leaving the camp?
A. She was worried about her daughter’s health.
B. She was proud that she had done something right.
C. She was sorry and regretted sending her daughter away.
D. She was upset but knew she had made the right decision.
4The writer mainly wants to express .
A. children are usually mirrors of parents
B. children always expect space from parents
C. parents sometimes need to let their children go
D. parents should often send children to summer camps
词义猜测题解题思路实例分析答案
词义猜测题实例一
解题思路分析：文章意思是尽管很多带有这种缺陷的孩子被父母接受，但是悲伤的是其它一些不被接受，在一些国家带有缺陷的孩子出生时就被 abandoned ,因为他们的父母感到羞愧和承担不起费用.根据although 转折关系,上句是接受accept 后句应该是give up.故答案：A
词义猜测题实例二.
解题思路分析：文章意思是粉红色pink代表的是温柔柔软，而蓝色blur代表强壮和力量strong and powerful .Vanessa的女儿喜欢pink ,但妈妈Vanessa想让女儿strong and powerful.最后一句I'm worried that pink will not help them with that." she says.妈妈担心pink不能在什么方面帮助. 显然答案是：B
词义猜测题实例三。
解题思路分析：根据首句Green roofs are not just pretty. They also help to moderate the city temperature绿色屋顶不仅好看，also help to moderate the city temperature, 也能帮助moderate 城市温度。和下句The high temperatures on common roofs in the summer can make top floor flats uncomfortably hot.普通屋顶夏天温度高的不舒服。从此可以看出moderate 应该能温度好的方面变化，根据4个选项意思。所以答案：D
词义猜测题实例四.
解题思路分析：文章意思是作者最近读很多文章，大多数文章告诉有个道理：当你早上醒来时，保持积极，要认为今天有好事情发生，并且你将会有美好的一天，这种态度会改变你的一整天;因此今天早上，作者醒来时，decided to give a whirl.因此可猜出短语意思是尝试下。故答案是：B
词义猜测题实例五.
解题思路分析：根据文章意思如果沙子进入眼睛里，什么事会发生？；句子They can be scratched or cut easier than skin(皮肤)是对Eyes are delicate.解释说明，句子意思是眼睛比皮肤更容易受伤，因此可猜测单词delicate 意思是易受伤的。故答案：A
词义猜测题实例六。
解题思路分析： 第一句意思是害羞不是一种大多数人能overnight克服的事情,第二句意思是克服害羞需要时间和实践.因此overnight 意思是短时间，一夜间；因此意思最接近的意思的词是suddenly .故答案：B
词义猜测题实例七。
解题思路分析：这是because 引导的复合句. 从句是引导的原因“没有水”，四个选项能成为主句结果是“枯萎”. 因此答案是：A
词义猜测题实例八。
解题思路分析：根据构词法判断：out 作为前缀加在名词和形容词前，有“超过”的意思。因此outnumber 是指“数目的超过”因此答案是：B

阅读理解猜测词义题经典习题练答案
基础篇A篇答案
解题思路分析：1-4CBAC
1题是细节理解题.根据?after one year, he arrived in China alone and became a student of Beijing Opera at a Beijing school.一年后，他独自来到中国，在北京的一所学校学习京剧。可知1994年在北京学习京剧，故选C。
2题是词义猜测题。根据At the time, he was mostly troubled by the dialogue in Beijing Opera.当时，他主要为京剧的对白所困扰。可知对外国人来说对白是最大的问题。A： chance机会； B： problem问题； C： topic题目； D： dream梦想。故选B。
3题是推理判断题。根据Ghaffar today is not only good a speaking Beijing dialect ?but has also built a fame for Beijing Opera. He once got a top international prize for performing the Monkey King.今天的加法尔不仅是一个讲北京话的好地方，而且还因京剧而出名。他曾因表演《猴王》获得国际最高奖项。可以推知他在京剧方面是成功的，故选A。
4题概括总结题。本文介绍加法尔他爱上了美丽的声音、多彩的服装、精彩的演出等等。开始学习京剧的过程并因京剧而出名。他曾因表演《猴王》获得国际最高奖项。可知文章来自中国文化的一部分，故选C。
提高篇B答案：解题思路分析：1-4BADA
1题是细节题根据句子A dolphin sleeps with just half its brain at a time. It must stay awake to breathe and to watch for danger. Dolphin mothers and babies can go without sleep for as long as two months to stay safe.Some ducks sleep with just half their brains, too. These ducks often sleep in a line.可知答案是B.2题是是细节题根据第六段句子. A horse can run from danger more quickly if it is already standing.可知推测答案是A. 3题是猜测词义题， They hold their breath and dive deep to sleep for up to twenty minutes at a time. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.海豹在水下屏住呼吸去睡觉达到20分钟一次. 水下睡觉会帮助海豹保持安全防止其它动物hunt 它们。根据前后意思逻辑推理，可知hunt 是伤害，杀死等意思;因此答案是：D . 4题是主旨大意题，文章主要阐述不同的动物为了安全而采取不同睡觉的方式。因此答案是：A
提高篇C答案：
解题思路分析：1-4CADC
1题是细节题，从文章的句子But rather than expecting space away from me, Sally has become increasingly dependent. Sally 已经变得逐渐独立，而不是期待着和她距离的离开，那就是我督促她野营的原因，That’s why I pulled her the summer camp: a nearbywilderness(荒野) camp called Hawk Circle.
再结合最后一段的句子 I calm down and remind myself why I chose this way. I want Sally to have a chance to find herself. I want to learn who she is. If I don’t set her free, I fear I’ll never really meet her real personality. 为什么我选择这个方式，我想Sally 有机会认知自己，我想了解Sally是什么样的人，如果我不释放她，我不会遇到她真的个性。因此可知道让Sally 去野营的原因是让她独立，成长。故答案是：C . 2题是词义猜测题，根据句子After eating, I drive Sally to Hawk Circle. Once there, we are introduced to her fellow campers, Sally stands by them, holding my hand, horror in her eyes,trying to work up the courage to join a game of soccer. “I need you for a few more minutes,” she tells me..大概意思是我开车送Sally 去野营， 一道那儿，我们被介绍给她跟随的队员， Sally 站在我旁边，拿住我的手，horror in her eyes.和句子I pull her away to walk to one of the camp’s workers。我推她离开，可知道Sally 当时有点害怕的。故答案是A。 3题是细节题，根据最后一段句子It is a hard time for me to drive back可知道作者心情不开心，但作者决定对女儿的成长是有好处，所以是个正确决定，因此答案是D
4题是主旨大意题，通过作者的决定和日常对待女儿的态度，可知道作者态度是父母需要让孩子独立，因此答案是：C


















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