Unit4 Exploring planets Learning and Language 课件（49张PPT）

(共49张PPT)
Learning objectives
1. To master some important words and expressions in the reading passage.
2. To learn about the direct object and the indirect object.
3. To use the infinitive as the object and
—ing form as the object properly in exercises.
Which flower is your favorite? Why?
competition
Time
competition
Time
1) I love going on walks and looking at plants. In fact, I think I’ll study _______ at university.
2) He speaks Spanish with great _______ though he is not good at writing it.
botany
fluency
3) The palace we are going to visit
tomorrow ___________ the 19th century.
4) In the center of the block of flats there is
a small _________ where I can plant
some flowers.
5) There are too many cars on the roads. I
think there should be _____ restrictions
on car numbers.
dates back to
courtyard
tight
2. Complete the paragraph.
The thought of another trip of thousands of miles on the high seas certainly did not ______ to me, but there was no other way to get the ______ to the _______ islands of the Pacific. We were unable to do any travelling across countries as there were too many ___________ by many of the
appeal
goods
distant
restrictions
governments and we could not move freely across borders. We had so many ________ that they had to be ______ packed on the ship. There was not much room left for the crew. These crowed conditions resulted in a lot of ________ and several fights. However, the worst part of the trip was sailing through a wild _____________, in which the rain did not stop for two days.
containers
tightly
conflicts
thunderstorm
After three months at sea, we finally arrived and lowered the _______ in the harbour of our destination. We were dirty and had long beards, for we had no fresh water to wash in and we didn’t ______ at all. What a sight we were!
anchor
shave
Grammar
The Object
一、宾语的定义
宾语是及物动词后的一个成分,
表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。
二、宾语的表现形式
1) 名词、代词、数词、名词形容词
e.g. They collected seeds from trees.
Would you like something to eat?
They have three apples.
We should respect the old.
一、宾语的定义
宾语是及物动词后的一个成分,
表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。
二、宾语的表现形式
1) 名词、代词、数词、名词形容词
e.g. They collected seeds from trees.
Would you like something to eat?
They have three apples.
We should respect the old.
2）动词不定式作宾语
e.g. I expected to spend the holidays in France.
He refused to accept any help.

3）-ing 形式作宾语
e.g. I love walking and looking at plants.
They enjoyed sharing their stories.
4）从句做宾语
e.g. Do you think the Internet affect your life
in any way?
We seldom realize that many plants
come from countries far away.
①宾语从句要用陈述语序；
②宾语从句可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。主要考查其引导词。
注意
【考例1】
I truly believe _____ beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why

【考例2】
It is difficult for us to imagine _____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A. where B. what C. which D. why
三、宾语的种类
Two objects “间接宾语 + 直接宾语”
1.直接宾语
表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。
e.g. Lend me your dictionary, please.
Excuse me, could you tell me the way
to the railway station?
2.间接宾语
表示动作所向的或所为的人或物，通常指人。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前，也可以位于直接宾语之后，但此时在它前面加介词to或for。
e.g. Give the dictionary to me, please.
He sold his old car to one of his neighbours.
I have bought some chocolate for you.

用 to 侧重指动作的方向, 表示朝着、 向着、对着某人。
用 for 侧重指动作的受益者, 表示为了某人, 替某人。
需借助 to 的: bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, send, show, teach, tell, ask, leave, mail, throw, take, write 等。
需借助 for 的: build, buy, call, change, cook, choose, do, draw, envy, fetch, find, forgive, gain, get, make, order, play(演奏), sing, save, spare, win 等。
常跟双宾语的动词分类总结：
competition
Time
1. Can you explain ___________? A. this problem to me B. me this problem C. to me problem D. me problem
Exercises
2. He made a new dress_____ his wife and gave it ______ her on her birthday. A. to; for B. for; to C. for; for D. to; to
3. Mr. Smith apologized ___ the lady ___ what her son had done. A. to; to B. to; for C. for; to D. for; for
4. Read the letter and ____ him. A. pass it on to B. pass on it to C. pass it for D. pass it on
下面结合近几年的高考题将宾语考点归纳如下：一、不定式或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语
【考点透视1】动词refuse, agree, fail, promise, afford, hope, choose, manage, decide, determine, offer, plan, want, pretend, wish, threaten 等后常接不定式作宾语。
【考例1】She skipped school, and refused to communicate.

competition
Time
Revising these sentences using to or for with the indirect object.
1) Can you give me one kilo of ripe peaches?
Can you give one kilo of ripe peaches to me?
2) Send me your report on irrigation as
soon as you’ve finished it.
__________________________________
__________________________________
3) He showed me the weeds so that I
wouldn’t out out his new seedlings.
__________________________________
__________________________________
Send your report on irrigation to me as soon as you have finished it.
He showed the weeds to me so that I wouldn’t pull out his new seedlings.
4) My cousin brought me some spears
from Papua New Guinea.
__________________________________
__________________________________
5) I buy my fish fresh seaweed every
month as it’s an important part of their
diet.
__________________________________
__________________________________
_________
My cousin brought some spears for me from Papua New Guinea.
I buy fresh seaweed for my fish every month as it’s an important part of their diet.
6) Susan handed him the string so he
could tie up the box.
________________________________
________________________________
Susan handed the string to him so he could tie up the box.
【考点透视2】
“疑问词+不定式”通常放在tell, show, teach,
learn, know, wonder, discuss, remember,
suggest, forget, find out, figure out 等动词 (短语)之后作宾语。 【考例1】
“I was trying to figure out how to swim to
the boys in a straight line.”
二、动词-ing形式作宾语
【考点透视1】
后接动词-ing形式作宾语的(短语)动词有mind, enjoy, escape, practise, postpone, suggest, avoid, admit, allow, advise, finish, imagine, deny, mention, keep on, can't stand, can't help, feel like, give up, put off 等。
【考例1】
He enjoyed playing games with his son.
【考例2】
The manager tried to avoid falling asleep by drinking coffee.
【考点透视2】
在某些含有to 的短语中, to 是介词, 后接动词-ing 形式作宾语。这类短语有: object to, look forward to, get down to, be accustomed to等。
【考例1】
I am looking forward to having a holiday.
有些动词后接动词-ing 形式和不定式作宾语时意义不同。
remember to do sth. 记住要去做某事
remember doing sth. 记得做过某事
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事
forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
注意
regret to do sth. 很遗憾去做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事
try to do sth. 努力去做某事
try doing sth. 试着做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
competition
Time
Fill in the blanks
sleeping
1. The parents suggested _______ (sleep) in the hotel room but their kids were anxious to camp out during the trip.
2. After reading the text, we’ll go on _______ (do) the exercises.
3. I can’t stand _______ (work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses to stop talking while she works.
to do
working
4. If you think that treating your son well means always _______ (give) him everything he wants, think again.
5. I don’t want _______ (sound) like I’m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
to sound
giving
【归纳拓展】
1．巧记接动词不定式作宾语的动词
(1)“磨豆腐”法
将常见的这类动词的首字母连起来，成为一个缩略词MERDOWPH, 谐音“磨豆腐”
M＝mean打算，E＝expect期望，R＝refuse拒绝，
D＝decide决定，O＝offer提出， W＝wish愿望
P＝promise答应，pretend假装， H＝hope希望。
(2) “Who acted Mr.Flp？谁演Flp先生？”
用这个句子来记只能接不定式作宾语的及物动词，亦可收到事半功倍之效：
W＝want, wish H＝hope, help O＝offer
A＝agree, arrange, aim C＝choose
E＝expect
D＝decide, demand, dare, determine, desire
M＝manage R＝refuse F＝fail
L＝long, learn P＝promise, plan
2.巧记接动名词作宾语的动词---顺口溜
喜欢考虑不可免 enjoy, consider, escape, avoid
停止放弃太冒险 stop, give up, risk
承认理解很值得 admit, understand, worth
反对想像莫推延 object to, imagine, delay, put off
要求完成是期望 require, finish, look forward to
建议继续勤操练 suggest, go on, practise
不禁原谅要坚持 can't help, excuse, insist on
继续介意便成功 keep on, mind, succeed in
1) Barbara learned _____________ when her uncle came to visit her family last summer. (ride / horses)
to ride a horse
2. Complete the sentences using the –ing form or the infinitive of the verb as the object. Use the words in brackets to help you.
competition
Time
2) I enjoy ___________________________
_______________, though I don’t quite
understand what they are about. (read /
cartoons)
3) Jim and Mandy both denied
_____________________________. (see /
car key)
4) I expect __________________________
this year. (spend / holidays / France)
having seen / seeing the car keys
to spend my holidays in France
reading these cartoons from foreign countries
5) Charlie regretted _________________
________________________. (invite /
Joseph / party)
6) Jack finally agreed _______________
_____________________. (apologise /
broken spade)
to apologize to us for the broken spade
having invited / inviting Joseph to the party
3. Each sentence below contains one mistake. Find the mistake and correct it.
1) Could you begin by telling what you were doing at 9:30 on the evening of the 13th April?
2) My parents suggested to postpone our visit to the pyramids because we didn’t have enough time to see them before we left Egypt.
me
postponing
3) Please stop interrupting to me when I’m
explaining something.
4) In the morning the hunter showed me
the way how to get to the track down the
mountain.
5) He admitted me that he had done
something wrong.
6) I will report them the kind of monument
we are planning to build for the soldiers.
how to get
to
to
*
Where is the winner?
Words ________________
Expressions________________
The two objects_________________
Words with the infinitive as the object___________________________
Words with –ing form as the object__________________







Review the words in the reading passage.
2. Finish exercises about grammar we learned today on your workbook.