课件43张PPT。八年级下册
第10讲 Units 3-4初中英语辨析:borrow,lend与keep动词,意为“借;借入”borrowlendkeep动词,意为“借;借出”动词,意为“保存;保留”borrow指“借;借入”,表示主语从别人那里借来,常与from连用,其结构为“borrow sth from sb/sp”意为“从某人/某地借来某物”。He borrowed some books from his friends.__________________lend指“借;借出”,表示主语把东西借给别人,常用结构为:“lend sb. sth. (借给某人某物)”或“lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人)”。可以把你的笔记本电脑借给我吗?Can you lend me your laptop?Can you lend your laptop to me?May I borrow your laptop?keep作“借”讲时,是延续性动词,意为“保存,保留”,通常表示借了某物多长时间,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。You can keep my iPad for three days._________________keep up 坚持;维持;沿袭(风俗、传统等)
keep up with 跟上;不落后;赶上
keep away from 不靠近,远离
keep…from doing 阻止某人或某物做某事
keep on doing 继续(做某事)
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
根据汉语意思完成句子。
When it rains, his friend always _____ an umbrella to him.lends解析:考查动词的时态。句意为:下雨的时候,他的朋友总是借把伞给他。lend指“借;借出”,表示主语把东西借给别人,常用结构为 “lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人)”。根据rains和always“总是”可知要用一般现在时,his friend是第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式,lend的第三人称单数是lends。
答案: lends辨析:while,when与aswhenwhileas当……时候,引导时间状语从句若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用 while。Don't talk while you're eating. 若从句是一个短暂性动作,主句是一个持续性动作,可用as/when,但不用while。When he came in, I was listening to the radio. As若主、从句表示的是两个同时(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作,用as/when,但不用while。I thought of it just when you opened your mouth.as1. 若主、从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边……一边……”之意时,通常用as。She sang as she went along.He looked behind from time to time as he went forward. 2. 表示两个正在发展变化的情况,相当于汉语的“随着”,用 as。As time went on, he became more and more worried. 3. when 可用作并列连词,表示“这时(突然)”;while也可以用作并列连词,表示“而;却”(强调对比);但 as 则没有类似用法。I was about to go home when it began to rain. He likes coffee, while she likes tea. —What were you and your father doing at 7:00 yesterday evening?
—I was doing my homework _____ my father was reading newspapers.
A. when B. as soon as C. while解析:考查连词的用法辨析。句意:—昨天晚上七点你爸爸和你正在做什么?—我爸爸在读报纸,而我在做作业。while表示一个人在做一件事情的同时另一个人在做另一件事。
答案: C(哈尔滨中考)allow的用法1. allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”
2. allow (doing) sth “允许(做)某事”
3. allow for “考虑到;把……考虑进来;体谅”allow动词,意思是“允许”allow作“许可;允许”讲,常加sb.再接动词不定式短语作宾补语,即 allow sb. to do sth. “允许某人做某事”,但不可直接搭用动词不定式,即不可说 allow to do sth. 。
Please allow me to carry your bag.
请让我替你拿包。
My boss doesn't allow me to use the telephone.
我的老板不允许我用电话。allow 作“许可;允许”讲,还可搭配动名词短语或名词作宾语,即allow (doing) sth.。They allowed smoking in this room only.
他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。
The facts allow no other explanation.
事实不允许有其他的解释。allow for “考虑到;把……考虑进来;体谅”We should allow for every possible delay.
我们应该考虑到任何可能的延误。
We must allow for his youth.
我们必须体谅他的年轻。allow用于被动语态时,必须接不定式作宾语补足语,不能接动名词形式。1. Passengers are not allowed to smoke.
乘客不准吸烟。
2. Women were not allowed to take part in the games.
妇女是不允许参加这些比赛的。Their parents don't allow them _____ in the river because it's really dangerous.
A. swim B. swimming C. to swim D. swam解析:考查动词的用法。句意:他们的妈妈不允许他们在河里游泳,因为这非常危险。 “allow sb to do sth”是固定搭配,表示允许某人做某事。
答案: C(重庆中考)get on/along…with sb./sth.的用法相处;进展;与……合得来1. get on/along … with sb. 与某人相处得……2. get on/along … with sth. 某事进展得……get on=get along 表示“与某人相处得……”,with前面可以加well,也可加badly,意思不同。Mary is getting on well with her little cousin.
玛丽与她的小堂弟相处融洽。
He gets along badly with his classmates.
他与他的同学相处得不好。表示“某事进展得……”,with前面可以加well,也可加badly,意思不同。They are getting on well with the autumn harvest.
他们的秋收工作进展得很顺利。
He gets on badly with his job.
他的工作进展不好。get away (from) 离开;摆脱
get back 回来;返回;取回
get down 下来
get in 进入;(飞机、火车等)抵达
get into 进入;陷入;养成(习惯)
get off 下车;脱下(衣服等)
这两位同志彼此相处得很好。
The two comrades ___________ very well with each other.get on/along解析:考查get on/along…with sb./sth.的用法。该搭配后接表示人的代词,表示“与某人相处得……”。
答案: get on/alongprovide的用法1. provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
2. provide sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人
3. provide for 抚养;供养provide及物动词,意思是“提供;供应”provide指有远见,为应付意外、紧急情况等作好充分准备而“供给”、“提供”。The school can provide all kinds of food for the students .
这所学校可以给学生提供各种食物。
Could you provide me with information about exchange student programs?
你能提供给我一些有关交换生计划的信息吗?
You have to provide for yourself.
你必须要养活你自己。offer也可表示“提供”,它强调的是主观上愿意“提供”,常用offer sb. sth.,offer sth. to sb.和offer to do sth.结构。Can I offer you something to drink? 我给你拿点喝的好吗?
He will offer any help to his daughter.
他愿意给女儿提供任何帮助。
If your parents are having problems, you should offer to help. 如果父母有困难,你应该主动帮忙。____________________________________________________________________Many tourists prefer five-star hotels because they think expensive hotels always _____ guests with better service.
A. prevent B. protect C. present D. provide 解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意:许多游客喜欢选五星级旅馆,因为他们认为昂贵的旅馆总是为客人提供更好的服务。表示“为某人提供某物”,应用 provide sb. with sth. 或 provide sth. for sb.。
答案: D (泰州中考)辨析:instead与instead of 代替;而不是insteadinstead of副词介词We'll have to ask Zhang Li instead.我们得请张力代替了。instead是副词,意思是“代替;顶替”。常用在句末,说明被代替的人或事物。________I didn't have a pen, so I used a pencil instead.
我没有钢笔,因此就用铅笔代替了。 ________Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否吃金枪鱼而不是火腿?instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。_____Miss Wang is ill. I'll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。___________We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
take the place of是动词短语,也是“代替”的意思,可在句中作谓语,后接名词或代词的宾格。Tractors have taken the place of horses in many places. 在许多地方拖拉机取代了马。
My brother is ill. I have taken place of him.
我弟弟病了,我代替了他。
___________根据句意填写适当的介词。
Shall we have fish instead _____ meat today?of解析:考查介词短语。句意为:我们今天吃鱼不吃肉,好吗?meat“肉”是名词。instead of “代替”是固定搭配,其后常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
答案: of辨析:cause, reason与excuse causereasonexcuse名词,意为“起因;原因”名词,意为“理由;原因”名词,意为“借口;理由”意为“起因;原因”,指引起某种结果的必然原因,即主要事实方面的原因,常和effect连用,表示因果关系。I don't know the cause and effect.
我不知道此事的前因后果。
The cause of the fire was carelessness.
失火的原因是粗心大意。_________________There are many reasons for animals dying out.动物的绝种有许多原因。
Tell us your reason for changing the plan.
告诉我们你改变计划的原因。意为“理由;原因”,指用以解释某些已发生的事情的理由或借口,这种理由可能是也可能不是真正的理由,强调逻辑推理方面的理由。_______________Too much work is not the excuse for absence.
工作太忙不能成为缺席的理由。
I haven't done the work well,my excuse is that I have been ill. 我没把工作做好,我的理由是我病了。指为免受指责和推卸责任而找的“理由”、“原因”,也就是我们常说的“借口”。______________reason之后可接why引导的定语从句。The reason why the boss doesn't trust him is that he often lies.
老板不信任他的原因是因为他时常说谎。—Maggie, what you said may result in serious problems.
—I see. I was just telling the truth.
A. cause B. solve C. become解析:考查动词的用法。题干句意为:——Maggie,你说的话可能会引起严重的问题。——我明白,我只是说了实话。cause意为“导致”;solve意为“解决”;become意为“变得;变成”。原句中的意思是“导致”。
答案: A本课结束课件31张PPT。八年级下册
第11讲 Units 5-7初中英语against是介词,意思是“反对;违背;倚靠;映衬”。常指为了防备突如其来的或有迹象表明可能会发生的事情而不得不采取防范措施,带有被动的抗拒和自卫的含义。常见用法如下:1. 表示“反对”“对着”“违反”“不利于”等。如:
We are all against his idea. 我们都反对他的想法。
He was married against his will. 他结婚是违背本意的。
He spoke against the new law. 他发言抨击新法律。
3. against表示“靠着”“顶着”“迎着”“衬着”等。如: He stood with his back against the door. 他背靠门站着。
He hit his head against the window. 他的头撞到了窗户上。
It is difficult to see anything against this bright light.
对着这种强光很难看到任何东西。
Bright red flags flow in the wind against the blue sky.
鲜艳的红旗映衬着蓝天迎风飘扬。 2. be against doing sth. “反对做某事”。如:
I’m against doing anything till the police arrive.
我反对在警察到达之前采取任何行动。against是介词,不是动词,所以当“反对;违背”讲时,其反义词不是disagree,而是for。如:I am against your opinion.
我反对你的观点。
→ I am for your opinion.
我赞成你的观点.remind 是动词,意为“提醒;使想起”。主要用法有:1. remind sb.“提醒某人”
If my father forgets it, I hope you will remind him.
如果我父亲忘了的话,我希望你提醒他一下。2. remind sb. of/ about sb./ sth. “使某人想起某人/事”
It reminds me of my best friend. (remind sb. of sb. ) 它让我想到了我最好的朋友。 We must remind you of your promises. (remind sb. of sth. )
我们必须提醒你那些你答应过的事。2. remind sb. to do sth. “提醒某人做某事”
Please remind me to finish my work. 请提醒我完成工作。
Be sure to remind her to come back early.
一定要提醒她早点回来。3. remind sb. + that从句
He reminded me that I should answer the letter as early as possible.
他提醒我尽早回信。
May I remind you that time will soon be up?
我能提醒下你吗?时间快到了。remind sb. to do sth. 指提醒某人去做某事,其中的不定式所表示的动作尚未发生;remind sb. of (one's) doing sth. 指提醒某人(使某人想起)已经做过的某事,其中的动名词表示动作已经发生。如:He reminded me to see the film.他提醒我去看这部电影. (还没看)
He reminded me of my seeing the film.他让我想起曾看过这部电影.—What do you think of the movie Fang Hua?
—It is moving and it ______ my grandma _______ the life in the countryside.
A. reminds; of B. lets; down C. wakes; up(自贡中考)解析:考查动词短语辨析。句意: ——你觉得电影《芳华》怎么样?——它令人感动,它让我奶奶想起了乡村生活。my grandma “我奶奶”,指人;the life in the countryside“乡村生活”,指事。乡村生活对于年迈的奶奶来说应该是“想起;回忆起”。remind sb. of sth.是固定短语,意为“使某人想起某事”。
答案: A1. forget的一般用法是:forget sth./sb. “忘记某事/ 某人”,
forger to do sth.“忘记去做某事”或 forget doing sth.“忘记曾做过某事”;
leave的一般用法是:leave sth.+介词+ sp. “ 把某物忘在某地” 。如:
I forget to bring my book.
I left my book at home. forget是忘记,不再把某事放心上,忽视、忽略的意思;leave是遗忘、丢下的意思。 注意:forget 表示“忘记某物”时,不接表示地点的词语;leave 指将某物遗忘在某个地方,其后要接表示地点的词语。
He forgot his English book on Monday.
周日,他忘带英语书了。
The little girl left her English book at home this morning.
小女孩今天早上把英语书忘在家里了。作“离开,出发,动身”等意思讲时,既是及物动词,也是不及物动词。
They left this morning. 他们今天早上离开了。(不及物动词)
They left London for Beijing last Sunday. (及物动词)
上个星期天,他们离开伦敦去北京了。leave作为动词,除了有“忘记”之意,还有如下用法: 【注意】leave sth. with sb., 表示“暂存”,以后还要取回;
leave sth. to sb., 表示以后不再索还。
He has left a number of books with / to me.
他把好些书都存在我这儿/留给了我。
We didn't find him and left a message to his neighbors.
我们没找到他,于是就托他的邻居给他带口信。2. 表示“留给,交给”,一般与介词with或to搭配。如:
Leave it with / to me and I'll see what I can do.
把它交给我,我看看我能做些什么。
3. leave作使役动词,表示“使/让……保持某种状态”,这时可以用形容词、动词不定式、分词、名词或介词短语等作宾语补足语。如:
Leave the door open when you go out. (形容词作宾语补足语)出去时不要关门。
Leave him to do it himself. (不定式作宾语补足语)让他自个儿去做。
They walked off and left me sitting there alone. (现在分词作宾语补足语)
他们走开了,让我一个人坐在那儿。
He left a few questions unanswered. (过去分词作宾语补足语)
他还有些问题没有作答。
He left his schoolbag on the playground. (介词短语作宾语补足语)
他把书包丢在操场上了。
His parents both died last year, leaving him an orphan. (名词作宾语补足语)
他父母去年双双去世,留下他成为一个孤儿。 4. leave的过去分词是left,常用作后置定语,表示“剩下的”。如:
Is there any water left in the bottle?
瓶子里还有水吗?
5. leave还可作名词,意为“假期”。如:
He asked his teacher for 3 weeks’ sick leave.
他向老师请了三周的病假。—Oh, dear! I can’t find my key to the office.
—Don’t worry. I think you might_______ it in your car.
A. offer B. forget C. borrow D. leave(莱芜中考)解析:考查动词的词义辨析。句意:——哎呀,天哪!我找不到我办公室的钥匙了。——不要担心。我想你可能把它忘在你的汽车里。 根据I can’t find my key to the office“我找不到我办公室的钥匙了”和 might 可推测,可能把钥匙遗忘在车里了。in your car“在你的车里”表地点。leave sth. +介词+sp. “把某物忘在某地”。
答案: D复合形容词由两个或两个以上的单词组成,用以修饰一个名词,是作定语的复合词,相当于一个形容词。复合形容词中单词与单词之间要有连字符连接;复合形容词中的名词只能用原形;复合形容词前通常还有冠词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格、形容词性物主代词等修饰语。如:It is a 5-meter-long bridge. 这是座5米长的桥。
He is an 8-year-old boy. 他是个8岁大的男孩。复合形容词的构成:1. 数词+名词(单数)
two-hour (两小时的)
2. 数词+名词(单数)+形容词
three-year-old (三岁的)
8000-meter-long (8000米长的)
six-meter-tall (六米高的)
3. 形容词+名词(普通)
full-time (全日制的)
high-class (高级的)
second-hand(二手的)
part-time(业余的) mid-term (期中的)
final-term (期末的)
first-class (一流的)
4. 形容词+名词+ed
kind-hearted(好心肠的)
cold-blooded (冷血的)
warm-hearted(热心肠的)
middle-aged(中年的)
long-winged (长翅膀的)
5. 形容词/副词+现在分词
good-looking(长相好看的)
easy-looking (长相随和的) hard-working (勤奋的)
7. 形容词/副词+过去分词
new-born (新生的)
so-called(所谓的)
well-dressed(衣着好的)
newly-built (新建的)
8. 形容词/副词 + 形容词
dark-blue(深蓝的)
light-green(浅绿的)
9. 名词+现在分词
English-speaking (说英语的)
peace-loving(爱好和平的)
world-shaking(震惊世界的)
grass-eating(食草的)
10. 名词+过去分词
hand-made(手工制作的)
heart-broken(令人心碎的)
man-made(人造的)
11. 名词+ 形容词
life-long (终生的)
world-famous (世界著名的)
world-wide (世界范围的)
12. 名词+ 名词
X-ray (X光的)
13. 名词+介词
child-like (像小孩似的)He is an 18-year-old boy. (复合形容词,作定语)
=The boy is 18 years old. (形容词性短语,作表语)
这个男孩18岁。
I have a two-day holiday. (复合形容词,作定语)
=I have a two days’ holiday. (名词所有格,作定语)
我有两天的假期。 (湘西中考)
Li Wen is a normal _____boy from the countryside. He works hard and does well in school.
A. 15 years old B.15-years-old C. 15-year-old解析:考查复合形容词的用法。句意:李文是个来自农村的15岁普通男孩。他在学校里努力学习且表现很好。boy“男孩”是名词,修饰名词用形容词。表示年龄的复合形容词结构“数字-名词单数-形容词” 。
答案: Csucceed是动词,意为“成功;办妥;获得成效”,其用法是succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”;
success是名词,意为“成功;成就;胜利”;
successful是形容词,意为“成功的;结果圆满的;胜利的;一帆风顺的;有成就的;发迹的”,可以作定语、表语等;
successfully是副词,意为“成功地;结果圆满地;一帆风顺地;有成就地;发迹地”,在句中作状语。He succeeded in getting the job. (动词,作谓语)他谋得了那份工作。
It was a successful experiment. (形容词,作定语)那是一次成功的试验.
They have achieved remarkable success in their work. (名词,作宾语)他们在工作方面成绩显著。
The plane landed successfully. (副词,作状语)
success作名词时,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。1. 作可数名词时,意思为“成功;胜利;发财;成名”。如:
This is not the only road to success. 这不是通向成功的唯一道路。
2. 作不可数名词时,意为“成功的人或事”。如:
This meeting is a great success for all the Chinese.
本次会议对所有中国人来说是一次圆满的成功。(曲靖中考)
With great courage and effort, Liu Chuanjian, a national hero, ____________(success) landed the plane, saving over 100 people.解析:考查副词的用法。句意:以极大的勇气和努力,民族英雄刘传建成功地使飞机着陆,拯救了100多人的生命。landed“降落;着陆”是实义动词,作谓语,修饰实义动词用副词。success“成功”是名词,其副词形式是successfully。
答案: successfullysuccessfully1. weight是名词,意为“重量;体重;重担” ,是不可数名词。如:He has put on some weight since I last saw him.他比我上次见到他又胖了些。His opinion doesn't carry much weight.他的意见没多少影响。
The loss of the money has been a weight on my mind.丢钱的事变成了压在我心里的一块石头。The branches of the trees were weighed down by snow.树枝被雪压弯了。
I weigh less than I used to.我的体重比以前轻了。He weighed the ideas in his mind.他在脑中权衡着这些想法。2. weigh是动词,意为“称重量;衡量;压” ,第三人称单数是weighs,过去式和过去分词是weighed。如:1. die from “由于……而死”。死因是由环境造成的,主要指事故等方面的外部原因,后常加这样的名词:an earthquake, a traffic accident, a lightning, wound, lack of food, overwork, carelessness, drinking(地震/交通事故/雷击/创伤/缺少食物/工作过量/粗心/过度饮酒)。
2. die of “因……而死”。死因存在于人体之上或之内,主要指情感、冻饿、疾病、衰老等自身的原因,后常加这样的名词:illness, heart trouble, cancer, a fever, hunger, cold, old age, thirst, sorrow, disappointed love(疾病/心脏病/癌症/发烧/饥饿/寒冷/年老/口渴/悲伤/失恋)。3. die down意为“(植物)枯萎;凋谢(但根仍可活);(过冬时)假死;(顶梢)枯死;逐渐平息;渐渐停止;逐渐消失;变弱”。如?: The dahlias died down when we had the first cold spell. 第一次寒潮袭来时,大丽花的枝叶枯萎而假死了。 The fire is dying down. 火要熄了。
4. die out意为“灭绝;死光;不复存在;逐渐消失;渐渐停息”。如: Many species of animals are in danger of dying out. 许多动物种类都处于濒临灭绝的危险中。 Gradually the roar died out and the night became quiet. 吼声渐渐停息,夜晚变得寂静。雨停了,风小多了。
The rain has stopped and the wind ___________ quite a lot. 解析:考查动词短语。and是并列连词,连接的前后的并列成分可以是单词、短语或句子。has stopped 是现在完成时,故可推断,“风小了”也用现在完成时。“变弱”用die down,die的过去分词是died,and前后为相同的部分,后面has可省略。
答案: died down died down本课结束课件26张PPT。八年级下册
第12讲 Units 8-10 初中英语1. have been to 意为“去过,到过”,后加表示地点的名词,强调现在已不在那里了,后可接次数,如:once, twice, three times等,表示“去过某地几次”,也可和 just, never, ever等连用;have been to 若与副词there,here连用,介词to要省略。如:My father has been to Beijing twice. 我父亲去过北京两次。I have never been to the Great Wall. 我从未去过长城。
He has never been there. 他从未去过那儿。2. have gone to意为“去了” ,后加表示地点的名词,说话时该人不在现场,have gone to若与there, here等副词连用,介词to要省略,且一般不用第一人称、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如:—Where is Jim?
—He has gone to England. (尚未回来, England是名词)—Mr. Wang isn’t here. He has gone to Qingdao. (Qingdao是名词)
—Yes, he has gone there. He will come back next week. (there是副词)3. have been in表示“在某地呆了多少时间”,后加表示地点的名词,可与时间段状语连用;have been in若与副词there,here等连用,介词in要省略。如:I have been in Shanghai for three years. (Shanghai是名词)
我到上海已有三年了。He has been in London for half a month. (London是名词)
他来伦敦已有半个月了。
I have been here for fifteen years. (here是副词)时间段时间段时间段1. —Where is Tom?
— He isn’t in the classroom. He __________ (go)to the library.
2. —Where is Tom?
— He isn’t in the classroom. He ____________ (play)
basketball on the playground now.has goneis playing(怀化z中考)
—Where is your father?
— He isn’t at home. He_______ Zhejiang.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. have been to解析:考查现在完成时态。句意:——你父亲在哪里? ——他不在家。他去浙江了。根据 He isn’t at home “他不在家”可推知,父亲“去了”某地。
答案: A1. safe是形容词,意为“安全的;无危险的;稳健的;可靠的;无害的;平安的”,在句中可作定语或表语等。Water from this well is safe to drink. (作表语)这口井里的水可安全饮用。We need a safe driver. (作定语)我们需要一个谨慎的驾驶员。
The house is not safe. You’d better leave quickly. (作表语)这房子不安全。你们最好快点离开。2. safety是名词,意为“安全;平安”,不可数名词,在句中可以作主语,宾语等。如:Safety comes first. 安全第一。(作主语)
The children were led to a place of safety. (介词宾语)孩子们被带到一个安全的地方。We must take traffic safety seriously. (作动词宾语)我们必须重视交通安全。3. safely是副词,意为“安全地;平安地;稳固地”,在句中作状语。如:Their flight arrived in London safely.他们的航班安全抵达伦敦。We’re safely married now.我们现在婚姻很牢固。The boy has been missing for five days and his parents are worried about his .
A. attention B. safety C. action D. growth(苏州中考)解析:考查名词用法辨析。句意:这个男孩已经失踪5天了,他的父母担心他的安全。 根据has been missing for five days“已经失踪5天了”可猜测,他的父母应是担心他的“安全”。
答案: Bsince “自……以来;从……以后”,既是介词,也是连词,用来说明动作起始时间;for“计;长达”,是介词,用来说明动作持续时间长度。具体用法如下:1. since 的四种用法
(1)since + 过去的一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点等)
I have been here since 1990. 自从1990年起,我一直在这儿。
(2)since+ 一段时间+ago
I have been here since five months ago.
自从五个月前,我就已经在这儿了。
(3)since+从句
Changes have taken place in Binzhou since you left.
自从你走后,滨州发生了很大的变化。
(4)It is/has been +一段时间+since从句 (过去时)
It is/has been two years since I became an English teacher.
我成为英语老师已经两年了。2. for 的用法
for+ 一段时间We have learnt English for about three years.
我们学英语已经有三年了。
My parents and I have been in Beijing for one year.
我爸妈和我在北京待了一年了。1. for +一段时间2. since +句子3. since +一段时间+ ago4. since +过去时间点He has been dead for three years.He has studied English since he was ten years old.
He has been dead since three years ago.He has studied English since 2003..I stayed _____ a night in a small village while I was on holiday in the Himalayas a few years ago.
A. at B. for C. until D. through(河南中考)解析:考查介词的用法。句意:几年前我在喜马拉雅山度假时,在一个小村子里住了一夜。for+时间段,说明动作持续时间长度。the night“一夜”,表示一段时间。
答案: B 1. no longer与延续性动词或表示状态的词连用,表示时间上不再持续,强调的是过去曾经……,现在不……了。 When a thing has been used, it is no longer new.
当一件东西被用过后,就不再是新的了。
They no longer had him as a friend because he cheated them.
他们再不把他当朋友了,因为他欺骗了他们。2. no more与瞬时动词连用,表程度不再增加,次数不再重复,还可和than 连用,表示“无非是”。I will say no more on these matters, important though they are.
虽然这些事很重要,我也不想再说什么了。
It's no more than a platitude.
这无非是老生常谈。no longer =not …any longer
no more =not …any moreI do not lie to you any longer.
=I no longer lie to you.
我再也不对你撒谎了。1. search是动词,意为“搜寻;探求;调查;寻找”,其后接搜寻的范围/对象等。如:
search the Internet 在网上查询
2. search for sb./sth. “搜寻”,是为找出目标,for表示目的。
The police are searching for the thief who stole the bike in the neighborhood.
警察正在搜寻在小区里偷自行车的贼。
3. search … for ... “搜索……以找出……”
The police are searching his body for a gun.
警察搜他身是为找出一把枪。根据句意及首字母写单词。
He s_______ his pockets for money, but found nothing.searched解析:考查动词的时态。句意:他翻遍了自己的口袋找钱,但是什么也没找到。根据He“他”可知,该题应该填谓语动词;but“但是”是并列连词,found“找到”是并列谓语。由此可知,该题的谓语动词应该用一般过去时。search …for…“搜寻……找……”,search的过去式是searched。
答案: searched(1)consider作“考虑”解,常用于以下句型:
consider+名词/代词/动名词
You’d better consider my suggestion. 你最好考虑我的建议。
consider+从句或“疑问词+不定式”
We must consider what to do next.我们必须考虑下一步要做什么。
consider...as…“认为……是……”,侧重“经过考虑而认为”, 表示“一种比较客观的看法”。 如:
I consider what he said (as) reasonable. 我认为他说的有道理。1. consider意为“考虑,认为” ,多用于下结论或作决定,主语必须是人。(2) consider作“认为”解时,常用于以下句型:
consider sb./sth.+ (as)+形容词/名词(as可以省略)
We consider him honest.我们认为他很诚实。
At first they considered me as a doctor.起初他们认为我是一名医生。
consider + sb. /sth. +不定式。其中,不定式通常是to be (可以省略) We consider this matter to be very important.我们认为这件事很重要。
consider +it+形容词/名词+不定式短语
We consider it hard to study English well.我们认为学好英语很难。
consider+宾语从句
We consider that the music is well worth listening to.
我们认为这首音乐很值得一听。(1)regard作动词时,表示“把……看作……”,与介词as连用; as之后可接名词、代词、形容词、分词、介词短语等。如:
I regard him as a friend. 我把他当朋友。
He regarded the situation as serious. 他认为形势严重。
(2)用作名词,表示“关心,关怀”等,是不可数名词;表示“尊重,赞赏”,也是不可数名词,但前面有形容词时可与不定冠词连用。如:
He shows little regard for others.他很少关心别人。
I have a great regard for him. 我很尊重他。
(3)用于as regards或with /in regard to,意为“关于,至于”。如:
As regards knowledge, I have enough.至于知识,我有的是。2. regard意为“看作;当成;当作;关于”,多用于看待事物时的个人看法。Paul has found a new job and is ____________(考虑) moving to a new flat near his company.(连云港中考)considering解析:考查动词的形式。句意:保罗找到了一份新工作。他正考虑搬到公司附近的一栋新公寓里。根据 moving to a new flat “搬到一栋新公寓”是动名词短语,consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”是固定搭配;is 是be动词,后加doing构成现在进行时。
答案: considering本课结束课件26张PPT。八年级下册
第9讲 Units 1-2初中英语考点 1:What’s the matter…?句型和have a…结构
考点 2:lie与lay
考点 3:run out与run out of
考点 4:mean的用法
考点 5:die,dead,dying与death
考点 6:rise 与 raise
考点 7:alone与 lonely1. —What's the matter? 怎么了?
—I have a cold. 我感冒了。matter 作动词时,表“要紧,重要”, “It doesn’t matter.” 常用于情景交际中,表示对歉意的回答;
作名词时,表“事情;问题;情况”,“What's the matter (with sb.)?” 常用来询问对方的病情或其他不适,也可用“What's wrong (with sb.)?” “What's the trouble (with sb.)?” 来表示。如: What's the matter, little boy? 小男孩,你有什么事?(2) What's wrong / the matter with her? 她怎么了?
wrong是形容词,前面没有the; matter和trouble都是名词,前面应有the, trouble前还可以用形容词性物主代词。如:—What's your trouble, young man?
年轻人,你怎么了?
—I have a toothache.
我牙疼。2. “have a +名词”表示“患了某种疾病”,have“患(得)病”,不用于进行时态;a在此不表示数量,而是不定冠词加名词表示一类事物。如:? He had a bad cold last week.
他上周患了重感冒。
She often has a stomachache. 她经常胃疼。
The boy had?a?fever yesterday evening.
昨天晚上,这个男孩发烧了。sore“痛,疼”,通常指因发炎引起的肌肉疼,在表示身体的某部位疼痛时,常置于部位名词前。ache常指持续性的疼痛,它常与身体部位的名词构成复合词。如:headache 头痛, backache 背疼,
stomachache 胃痛, toothache 牙疼,
headache 头疼, a sore throat 嗓子疼—I’m sorry to cut in on you, but there are one or two things I don’t understand.
—__________.
A. Take it easy B. It doesn’t matter
C. You’re welcome D. Sure, I’d love to解析:考查情景交际。句意:—抱歉我插一下嘴,我还有一两件事情不明白。—没关系的。由I’m sorry “很抱歉”可知,表达歉意,应用It doesn’t matter 作答。
答案: B作“存在;平躺;处于”时,为不规则动词,过去式是lay,过去分词lain。
The temple has lain at the top of the hill for over 500 years.(动词,处于)
2. 作 “说谎”讲时,是规则动词,过去式和过去分词都是lied。
He told a lie when he saw his teacher for the first time. (名词,撒谎)
= He lied when...lie 作动词时为不及物动词,意为“存在,平躺,处于”“说谎”之意,现在分词把ie改y加ing;
作名词时,意为“谎言”,是可数名词。 1. Lay it there. 把它放在那里。
She laid the baby on the bed gently. 她轻轻把孩子放在床上。
The hen lays one egg a day. 这只母鸡每天下一个蛋。
He laid out the fruits and desserts in the garden. 他在院子里摆上水果和甜点。lay是及物动词,意为“放置;安放;产(卵);下(蛋)”,直接加宾语。其过去式和过去分词都是laid,现在分词是laying。Lay the box on the desk. (安放)
He lay down and had a rest after supper. (平躺)
The chickens lay a lot of eggs every year. (下蛋)
I found a book lying at the corner yesterday afternoon. (平躺)
Hainan Province lies in the south of China. (位于)Mum asked me to_________ for dinner.
A. lay the table B. go to sleep C. keep a diary D. take a vacation(天津中考)解析:考查动词短语的词义辨析。句意:妈妈叫我摆好饭桌准备吃饭。lay the table表示“摆好饭桌,摆好餐具”,go to sleep表示“去睡觉”, keep a diary表示“记日记”,take a vacation表示“去度假”。根据 for dinner“开饭”可知是要摆好饭桌。
答案: AHis money soon ran out.
他的钱很快就花完了。
Food supplies had run out towards the end of the trip.
在旅行快结束时,食物已经吃完了。1. run out 是动词短语,作不及物动词,表示“被用完了”的被动含义,其主语通常是时间、金钱、食物等无生命的名词。如:He ran out of gas a mile from home.
他在离家还有一英里的地方把汽油用完了。
We have run out of the ink.= The ink has been run out of.
He ran out of the room. 他跑出了房间。
The water ran out of the cracked jug. 水从有裂缝的罐中流出。2. run out of 是及物动词,后接宾语,表示“用完”的主动含义,相当于use up,主语只能是人。run out of 还有“从(某处)流出(跑出)”的意思;run out 也有“流出,跑出”的意义,但其后不能接宾语。如:The boy ran out of his money to buy the book because he loved it very much.
A. took up B. gave up C. picked up D. used up (河池中考)解析:考查划线部分的同义替换。句意:这个小男孩用光了他的钱来买这本书,因为他非常喜欢它。由buy the book可推知,把钱花光了。use up相当于run out of,意为“花光;用完”。
答案: D选出与画线部分同义的动词短语1. mean表示“意思是;有……的意思”。如:
What does this word mean? 这个字是什么意思?
This is what is meant by “failure is the mother of success”. “失败是成功之母”就是这个意思。
You mean it can be cured? 你的意思是能治好它?
2. mean表示“指”。如:
Whom do you mean by saying “they”? 你说“他们”,指的是谁?
I mean the red one, not the green one. 我说的是那个红的,不是那个绿的。
3. mean表示“意味着”,后面可以接名词、动名词或从句。如:
Silence means consent. 沉默就是同意。(接名词)
To persevere means victory!坚持就是胜利。(接名词) To take it apart now would mean wasting a lot of labor. (接动名词)
现在把它拆卸开,就意味着浪费大量的劳动力。
This means we have to wait another week or so.(接从句)
这就意味着我们还得等一个星期左右。
4. mean表示“打算;有……意图”,后面接名词、代词、动词不定式或不定式的复合结构。如:
Anybody could see that he meant no harm. 谁都看得出他没有恶意。
What do you mean to do with it? 你打算怎样处理它?
We had meant to leave on Monday, but have stayed on.
我们本来是打算周一离开的,但留下来了。(与完成时连用,表“本打算”)
I thought you meant me to come with you.
我还以为你打算让我跟你一道去呢。(接不定式的复合结构) “book”是什么意思?
What does “book” mean?
=What do you mean by “book”?
=What is the meaning of “book”?die 是瞬间动词,强调的是“死的那一刻”;
death 是名词,意为“死亡;死”;
dead 是形容词,意为“死的”;
dying 是形容词,意为“奄奄一息的;濒临死亡的”。如:1. His father died last week. 他父亲上周去世了。
2. She cried out after knowing her husband’s death.
听闻丈夫死讯她大声哭了起来。
3. He found a dead bird in the garden. 在花园里,他发现了一只死鸟。
4. The dying man was saved by a kind-hearted lady.
这个奄奄一息的人被一位好心的女士救了。His father’s______(死) made him sad.death解析:考查名词。句意:他父亲的死使他很伤心。 father’s“父亲的”是名词所有格,后边应该加名词。“死”的名词形式是death,在句中作主语。
答案: deathHe raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
Don't you raise your voice to me! 别对着我提高嗓门!
They got up early to raise more money.
为了募集更多的钱,他们早早就起来了。1. raise 意为“募集;征集;举起”,是及物动词。当“举起”讲时,多指把某物从低处升到高处。其过去式和过去分词都是raised。如:The sun rose at seven o'clock. 太阳七点钟升起。
The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。
Look, the sun is rising. 看,太阳正在升起。2. rise 意为“升起;增加;提高”,是不及物动词,尤其指工资的提升,价格的提高,没有被动语态。其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen。— The price of vegetables ______so quickly these days.
— Oh, no, but I don’ t think so.
A. afford B. rises C. improves D. raise(呼和浩特中考)解析:考查动词词义辨析。句意:—这些日子蔬菜的价格长得太快了。—噢,不,但我认为不是这样的。The price of vegetables “蔬菜的价格”是主语,谓语动词用单数,排除A和D;由so quickly“这么快”可知,强调价格“长得”快,应用rise,improve“提高”主要是指事情的好转与改进,学习的进步。
答案: B1. alone 既为形容词,又是副词,意为“单独的(地)、孤独的(地)、孤苦的(地)”,指独自一人,或因没有亲友相伴而孤单寂寞,只作表语。侧重说明独自一人,有时含孤寂之意。如:She was alone in the classroom.她独自一人在教室里。
He felt all alone in the world.他感到自己在这个世界上孤单无依。
He feels lonely when he is alone.他独处的时候,就感到孤独。The lonely child longs for the caress of his mother.
这个孤独的孩子渴望母亲的爱抚。
He has so few friends that he feels lonely.
他的朋友很少,因此感到很孤单。
We found a lonely road.
我们发现了一条偏僻的道路。2. lonely是形容词,意为“孤独的、寂寞的;荒凉的”,表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,含“渴望和他人在一起”的意味。指感到寂寞或在孤单中度过;也指地方人迹罕至。只作定语。如:(上海中考)
Old Mr. Green doesn't feel_____because some students visit him regularly.
A. sadly B. gently C. lonely D. angrily
解析:考查形容词词义辨析。句意:老格林先生并不感到孤独,因为一些学生经常去看望他。feel是连系动词,后面加形容词作表语;而sadly, gently和angrily都是副词,故排除。
答案: C 本课结束