高考英语专项定语从句复习课件（52张PPT）
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| 名称 | 高考英语专项定语从句复习课件（52张PPT） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-10-31 21:40:23 | ||
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(共54张PPT)
He who gains time gains all things.
谁赢得时间，谁就赢得一切。
2018届高考英语二轮专项定语从句复习课件
定语从句
the attributive clause
☆ 被定语从句限定的词是_______ ，引导定语从句的词叫做 ________ 或 _________。
☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。
在复合句中，充当_______ 用的从句是定语从句
“先行词”
“关系代词”
“关系副词”
定语
基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who, whom, that, as
which, that, as
whose
where
when
why
归纳总结
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分
conclusion
先行词充当主、宾、表或定语，则用关系代词
先行词充当状语，则用关系副词
that , who , whom , which , as ,
whose
where , when , why
1. The teachers are present at our class
are all experienced teachers.
2. Our class is a big family consists of 33 girls and 9 boys.
3. Yun Feng is the girl English study is very good in our class.
4. The school we are studying is very famous.
5. we all know, our school is more than 60 years old.
where
who
whose
As
which
基础知识练习：
Underline the attributive clauses:
Don’t forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you can’t get. Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.
曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，
更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。
已经失去的，留作回忆。
This is the film which I saw last night.
This is the film whose name is Titanic .
The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .
Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .
Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film .
the Attributive Clause
This is the film which I saw last night.
This is the film whose name is Titanic .
The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .
Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .
Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film .
the Attributive Clause
who指人，作主语
whom指人，作宾语
whose指物，作定语
that指物，作主语
which指物，作宾语
1.指物时只用that 的情况
2.只用which的情况
3.关系代词as 的用法
4.as 与which的区别
5.高考考点---易混句型
6.历年高考试题
高考常见考点
考点一：
(1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much 等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you don’t understand ?
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
修饰时。
All the books that you need are here.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰;或先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read ./ This is the best method that has been used against pollution
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the same knife (that) I lost yesterday .
This is the very pen (that) she is looking for .
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited .
That!!
“that”
我的地盘?
6.当主句的主语是是疑问词which时:
Which is the bike that you lost yesterday?
7.当先行词在主句中做表语,而关系代词也在从句中做表语时:
He is no longer the man that he used to be .
Beijing is no longer the city that it used to be .
注意:当先行词是the way时,关系词用:that/…/in which.
practice
1.Everything___ you say to him goes in one ear and out the other.
2.All ___ is needed is a supply of oil.
3. The train is the last ____ will go to Shanghai.
4.The boy and the dog ____ are in the picture are very lovely.
5.The first lesson ___ I learned will be forgotten
6.The way___ you are doing it is completely crazy.
that
that
that
that
that
that
1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
A.which B that C this D.it
考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句
1,逗号后面 2,介词后面
2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,2017.
A.on which B that C which
D.this
考点三：关系代词 as 的用法
☆ the same … as 表示同一类人或物；
the same … that 指同一个人或物
1) 直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于which
He was late, as / which is often the case.
As anyone could see it, they were very upset.
2) 与such 连用, 引起定语从句
There are no such writers as you mention.
It gave him such a shock that his face turned
white.
3) 与same 连用, 引起定语从句
如此 …… 以至于
This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday.
A. as B. that
C.the one D. A&B
D
比较：
...the same pen as I lost.
... the same pen that I lost.
表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是
则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .
考点四：as 与 which 的区别
★as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known， be said，be reported等，
★如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
She has been late again, _______ was expected.
Tom has made great progress, _______ made us happy.
as
which
1. which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首;
2. as 一般代替整个句子, 从句则可以放句首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如” ，“或像…一样” 。
例如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as often happens, as you can see, as it is……;当先行词前有as, so, such, the same 修饰时,关系代词常用as。
___is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.
总结:
As
1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of
_______ were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______
were black with disease.
2). a. The professor is a little man, on the
nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
b. The professor is a little man, and on the
nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
解题点拨 :
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。
them
whom
which
him
__
__
高考考点—易混句型
1.定语从句与并列句
1). a. The news ________our volleyball team
won the match made us excited.
b. The news __________he told me yesterday
is exciting.
2). a. I made a promise ______ if anyone set me
free, I would make him very rich.
b. The mother made a promise ___________
pleased all her children.
that
(that/which)
that/which
that
解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。
２.定语从句与同位语从句
1) a. It is in this room ______I lived last year.
b. It is the room _______I lived last year.
2) a. It was at seven o’clock ______he went to
school this morning.
b. It was seven o’clock _______he went
to school this morning.
解题点拨：强调句型：It is/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分; 去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。
that
where
that
when
３.定语从句与强调 句
历年高考试题
用?思考
1.(湖南)Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who
C. what D. which
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：幸福和成功总是跟随那些善于认识到自己的优势的人。空格处要填一个关系词引导定语从句修饰those，该关系词在从句中作主语，those指人，关系词用who。
2.There is no simple answer, ______ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that
C. when D. where
用?思考
【解析】A 句意：没有简单的答案，在科学界总是这样子。as引导非限制性定语从句，在此句中as代表前面一句话的内容。
3.Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where
C. which D. whom
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：终于，他到达了一个完全与外面世界隔离的偏僻的岛上。which引导定语从句，修饰island。
4.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in ，______ made one of the Chinese people's long?held dreams come true.
A. it B. that
C. what D. which
用?思考
【解析】D 句意：莫言在年被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长期拥有的梦想成真了。which引导非限制性定语从句，which代表前面一句话的内容。
5.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying.
A. what B. when
C. where D. which
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：当我到达时，布莱恩带我去看我要呆的房子。where引导表地点的定语从句修饰先行词the house。
6.The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which
C. all of them D. all of whom
用?思考
【解析】D 句意：孩子们都累了，他们都玩了一整天。先行词为the children, 关系代词可以用who，此处关系代词前带有介词短语，要用宾格形式whom。
7.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where
C. when D. why
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：博物馆将在春天开放一次展览，它带有一个观景平台，在那里参观者能观看在建的大玻璃房。where引导定语从句
修饰a viewing platform。
8.He wrote a letter ______ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which
C. where D. how
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：他写了一封信，在信里他解释了事故中所发生的一切。where引导定语从句，修饰a letter。
9.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A. where B. which
C. what D. when
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：世界银行主席说他对中国有感情，这种感情他记得早在童年时就产生了。which引导定语从句修饰a passion。
10.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that
C. who D. which
用?思考
【解析】A 句意：这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人们所见，讲述了地震的一些故事。定语从句的关系词与从句主语lives之间是所有关系，故用whose。
11.Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what
C. which D. in which
用?思考
【解析】D 句意：心灵的呵护是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中即使是生活的小细节也应被考虑到。定语从句不缺主语、宾语，故排除C项；
what不引导定语从句，A、B两项也被排除；
故D项正确，in which相当于where。
12.A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it
C. which D. this
用?思考
【解析】A 句意：正如被发现的那样，许多语言学习发生在出生的第一年，因此父母们应该在那一时期多与孩子们说话。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，而it和this都不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排除B、D两项；as有“正如，如同”之意，正合题意；which可以引导非限制性定语从句，但意为“这一点”，不合题意，故选A项。
13.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使我们大家非常吃惊。本题为非限制性定语从句，且关系代词代表整个主句的意思，故只能用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。where引导的定语从句，其先行词是表示地点的词，且where在从句中作状语。what不能引导定语从句。
14.Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that
C. which D. what
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：玛丽亚写了两本小说，并且都被改编成了电视连续剧。本题逗号前后都有谓语动词，说明整句是复合句；介词后的关系代词应和先行词novels一致，同为物，故选which。
B作关系代词不能放在介词之后；
D项不能引导定语从句。
15.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
用?思考
【解析】D 句意：销售总监是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样很重要的职位。position“职位”，在此处相当于抽象地点；其后的定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故排除A、B两项；where在这里
相当于in which。
16.We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when
C. to whom D. on which
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：我们生活在一个比过去更容易获取信息的时代。先行词是age，表示时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，故B项正确。如果使用“介词＋关系代词”，应是in which，而不是on which。
17.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was, he would forget all eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：当他全心投入工作时，就像他经常那样，他常常忘记吃饭或睡觉。定语从句中where和when常作状语，而本题was是表语，故排除C、D两项，又因为that不能引导
非限制性定语从句，故排除A。
18.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ______， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who
C. where D. whom
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：艾伦是画鸟类和大自然的画家，由于某种原因，她退出了一切社会活动。先行词是Ellen，定语从句中缺少主语，故用who引导定语从句。
19.The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it
C. as D. what
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：就像报告中所表明的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已有改善。as引导非限制性定语从句，且as代表整个主句的意思。常用于句型as is shown/reported/announced…等等。
that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
it不是关系代词；what不引导定语从句。
20.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose
C. whom D. which
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我绝不会有这个成就。根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为Professor Smith，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Without Professor Smith's help I would never have got this far.由此可见先行词和help为所属关系，故答案为B项。
21.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______， of course, made all the others upset.
A. who B. which
C. what D. that
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：玛丽对杰克比对其他的人都友好，当然，这使其他的所有人都沮丧。what和that不能引导非限制性定语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句时指人；which引导非限制性定语从句。which指代前面整个句子的内容。
22.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where
C. who D. that
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：我和朋友们走到山顶，在那儿我们欣赏到壮丽的湖景。该定语从句缺少地点状语，所以用where引导。而which, who和that均无此用法。
Practice makes perfect!
May you succeed in your studies!
He who gains time gains all things.
谁赢得时间，谁就赢得一切。
2018届高考英语二轮专项定语从句复习课件
定语从句
the attributive clause
☆ 被定语从句限定的词是_______ ，引导定语从句的词叫做 ________ 或 _________。
☆ 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即连接（连接定语从句和主句）、替代（替代前面的先行词）、成分（在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分）。
在复合句中，充当_______ 用的从句是定语从句
“先行词”
“关系代词”
“关系副词”
定语
基础知识回顾: 关系词及其意义
指代人
指代事物
所属关系
指地点
指时间
指原因
who, whom, that, as
which, that, as
whose
where
when
why
归纳总结
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分
conclusion
先行词充当主、宾、表或定语，则用关系代词
先行词充当状语，则用关系副词
that , who , whom , which , as ,
whose
where , when , why
1. The teachers are present at our class
are all experienced teachers.
2. Our class is a big family consists of 33 girls and 9 boys.
3. Yun Feng is the girl English study is very good in our class.
4. The school we are studying is very famous.
5. we all know, our school is more than 60 years old.
where
who
whose
As
which
基础知识练习：
Underline the attributive clauses:
Don’t forget the things that once you owned. Treasure the things that you can’t get. Don't give up the things that belong to you and keep those lost things in memory.
曾经拥有的，不要忘记。不能得到的，
更要珍惜。属于自己的，不要放弃。
已经失去的，留作回忆。
This is the film which I saw last night.
This is the film whose name is Titanic .
The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .
Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .
Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film .
the Attributive Clause
This is the film which I saw last night.
This is the film whose name is Titanic .
The man and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy .
Here are two pictures that are taken from the film .
Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film .
the Attributive Clause
who指人，作主语
whom指人，作宾语
whose指物，作定语
that指物，作主语
which指物，作宾语
1.指物时只用that 的情况
2.只用which的情况
3.关系代词as 的用法
4.as 与which的区别
5.高考考点---易混句型
6.历年高考试题
高考常见考点
考点一：
(1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, few, much 等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you don’t understand ?
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等
修饰时。
All the books that you need are here.
(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰;或先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read ./ This is the best method that has been used against pollution
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the same knife (that) I lost yesterday .
This is the very pen (that) she is looking for .
(5)先行词既有人又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited .
That!!
“that”
我的地盘?
6.当主句的主语是是疑问词which时:
Which is the bike that you lost yesterday?
7.当先行词在主句中做表语,而关系代词也在从句中做表语时:
He is no longer the man that he used to be .
Beijing is no longer the city that it used to be .
注意:当先行词是the way时,关系词用:that/…/in which.
practice
1.Everything___ you say to him goes in one ear and out the other.
2.All ___ is needed is a supply of oil.
3. The train is the last ____ will go to Shanghai.
4.The boy and the dog ____ are in the picture are very lovely.
5.The first lesson ___ I learned will be forgotten
6.The way___ you are doing it is completely crazy.
that
that
that
that
that
that
1. Jim passed the driving test, ______ surprised everybody in the office.
A.which B that C this D.it
考点二：以下情况只能用which引导定语从句
1,逗号后面 2,介词后面
2. The day ______ he was born was Aug .20 ,2017.
A.on which B that C which
D.this
考点三：关系代词 as 的用法
☆ the same … as 表示同一类人或物；
the same … that 指同一个人或物
1) 直接引导定语从句: 作用相当于which
He was late, as / which is often the case.
As anyone could see it, they were very upset.
2) 与such 连用, 引起定语从句
There are no such writers as you mention.
It gave him such a shock that his face turned
white.
3) 与same 连用, 引起定语从句
如此 …… 以至于
This is the same pen ______I lost yesterday.
A. as B. that
C.the one D. A&B
D
比较：
...the same pen as I lost.
... the same pen that I lost.
表示这支笔与我不见的那支很像，不一定就是
则表示这支笔就是我不见的那支 .
考点四：as 与 which 的区别
★as 在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known， be said，be reported等，
★如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。
She has been late again, _______ was expected.
Tom has made great progress, _______ made us happy.
as
which
1. which的先行词可以是名词，也可以是句子的一部分或代替整个句子；which从句不能放句首;
2. as 一般代替整个句子, 从句则可以放句首, 句中或句尾, 表示“正如” ，“或像…一样” 。
例如：as is known, as everyone knows ,as is said, as often happens, as you can see, as it is……;当先行词前有as, so, such, the same 修饰时,关系代词常用as。
___is known to us all, Taiwan is a part of China.
总结:
As
1). a. I saw some trees, and the leaves of
_______ were black with disease.
b. I saw some trees, the leaves of ______
were black with disease.
2). a. The professor is a little man, on the
nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
b. The professor is a little man, and on the
nose of ______there is a pair of glasses
解题点拨 :
是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的关键。
them
whom
which
him
__
__
高考考点—易混句型
1.定语从句与并列句
1). a. The news ________our volleyball team
won the match made us excited.
b. The news __________he told me yesterday
is exciting.
2). a. I made a promise ______ if anyone set me
free, I would make him very rich.
b. The mother made a promise ___________
pleased all her children.
that
(that/which)
that/which
that
解题点拨：that引导的定语从句是对其先行词的修饰或限制；在句中作成份(作宾语省略),指物时可用which代替；而同位语从句是对前面名词的说明和解释。that在从句中仅起连接作用,不充当成份，不能省略,不能用which代替。
２.定语从句与同位语从句
1) a. It is in this room ______I lived last year.
b. It is the room _______I lived last year.
2) a. It was at seven o’clock ______he went to
school this morning.
b. It was seven o’clock _______he went
to school this morning.
解题点拨：强调句型：It is/was+被强调的成份+that/who+其它部分; 去掉 It is/was….that/who… ,句子照样成立;而定语从句的引导词在句中要作成份。
that
where
that
when
３.定语从句与强调 句
历年高考试题
用?思考
1.(湖南)Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strengths.
A. whom B. who
C. what D. which
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：幸福和成功总是跟随那些善于认识到自己的优势的人。空格处要填一个关系词引导定语从句修饰those，该关系词在从句中作主语，those指人，关系词用who。
2.There is no simple answer, ______ is often the case in science.
A. as B. that
C. when D. where
用?思考
【解析】A 句意：没有简单的答案，在科学界总是这样子。as引导非限制性定语从句，在此句中as代表前面一句话的内容。
3.Finally he reached a lonely island ______ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A. when B. where
C. which D. whom
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：终于，他到达了一个完全与外面世界隔离的偏僻的岛上。which引导定语从句，修饰island。
4.Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in ，______ made one of the Chinese people's long?held dreams come true.
A. it B. that
C. what D. which
用?思考
【解析】D 句意：莫言在年被授予诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人长期拥有的梦想成真了。which引导非限制性定语从句，which代表前面一句话的内容。
5.When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house ______ I would be staying.
A. what B. when
C. where D. which
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：当我到达时，布莱恩带我去看我要呆的房子。where引导表地点的定语从句修饰先行词the house。
6.The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A. all of what B. all of which
C. all of them D. all of whom
用?思考
【解析】D 句意：孩子们都累了，他们都玩了一整天。先行词为the children, 关系代词可以用who，此处关系代词前带有介词短语，要用宾格形式whom。
7.The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform ______ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.
A. what B. where
C. when D. why
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：博物馆将在春天开放一次展览，它带有一个观景平台，在那里参观者能观看在建的大玻璃房。where引导定语从句
修饰a viewing platform。
8.He wrote a letter ______ he explained what had happened in the accident.
A. what B. which
C. where D. how
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：他写了一封信，在信里他解释了事故中所发生的一切。where引导定语从句，修饰a letter。
9.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, ______ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.
A. where B. which
C. what D. when
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：世界银行主席说他对中国有感情，这种感情他记得早在童年时就产生了。which引导定语从句修饰a passion。
10.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.
A. whose B. that
C. who D. which
用?思考
【解析】A 句意：这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人们所见，讲述了地震的一些故事。定语从句的关系词与从句主语lives之间是所有关系，故用whose。
11.Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered.
A. what B. in what
C. which D. in which
用?思考
【解析】D 句意：心灵的呵护是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中即使是生活的小细节也应被考虑到。定语从句不缺主语、宾语，故排除C项；
what不引导定语从句，A、B两项也被排除；
故D项正确，in which相当于where。
12.A lot of language learning, ______ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
A. as B. it
C. which D. this
用?思考
【解析】A 句意：正如被发现的那样，许多语言学习发生在出生的第一年，因此父母们应该在那一时期多与孩子们说话。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句，而it和this都不能引导非限制性定语从句，故排除B、D两项；as有“正如，如同”之意，正合题意；which可以引导非限制性定语从句，但意为“这一点”，不合题意，故选A项。
13.It is the third time that she has won the race, ______ has surprised us all.
A. that B. where
C. which D. what
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：这是她第三次赢得比赛，这使我们大家非常吃惊。本题为非限制性定语从句，且关系代词代表整个主句的意思，故只能用which。that不能引导非限制性定语从句。where引导的定语从句，其先行词是表示地点的词，且where在从句中作状语。what不能引导定语从句。
14.Maria has written two novels, both of ______ have been made into television series.
A. them B. that
C. which D. what
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：玛丽亚写了两本小说，并且都被改编成了电视连续剧。本题逗号前后都有谓语动词，说明整句是复合句；介词后的关系代词应和先行词novels一致，同为物，故选which。
B作关系代词不能放在介词之后；
D项不能引导定语从句。
15.Sales director is a position ______ communication ability is just as important as sales skills.
A. which B. that
C. when D. where
用?思考
【解析】D 句意：销售总监是一个沟通能力和销售能力同样很重要的职位。position“职位”，在此处相当于抽象地点；其后的定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故排除A、B两项；where在这里
相当于in which。
16.We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A. why B. when
C. to whom D. on which
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：我们生活在一个比过去更容易获取信息的时代。先行词是age，表示时间，且从句中缺少时间状语，故B项正确。如果使用“介词＋关系代词”，应是in which，而不是on which。
17.When deeply absorbed in work, ______ he often was, he would forget all eating or sleeping.
A. that B. which
C. where D. when
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：当他全心投入工作时，就像他经常那样，他常常忘记吃饭或睡觉。定语从句中where和when常作状语，而本题was是表语，故排除C、D两项，又因为that不能引导
非限制性定语从句，故排除A。
18.Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, ______， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.
A. which B. who
C. where D. whom
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：艾伦是画鸟类和大自然的画家，由于某种原因，她退出了一切社会活动。先行词是Ellen，定语从句中缺少主语，故用who引导定语从句。
19.The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.
A. that B. it
C. as D. what
用?思考
【解析】C 句意：就像报告中所表明的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已有改善。as引导非限制性定语从句，且as代表整个主句的意思。常用于句型as is shown/reported/announced…等等。
that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
it不是关系代词；what不引导定语从句。
20.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ______ help I would never have got this far.
A. who B. whose
C. whom D. which
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我绝不会有这个成就。根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为Professor Smith，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Without Professor Smith's help I would never have got this far.由此可见先行词和help为所属关系，故答案为B项。
21.Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, ______， of course, made all the others upset.
A. who B. which
C. what D. that
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：玛丽对杰克比对其他的人都友好，当然，这使其他的所有人都沮丧。what和that不能引导非限制性定语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句时指人；which引导非限制性定语从句。which指代前面整个句子的内容。
22.I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, ______ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
A. which B. where
C. who D. that
用?思考
【解析】B 句意：我和朋友们走到山顶，在那儿我们欣赏到壮丽的湖景。该定语从句缺少地点状语，所以用where引导。而which, who和that均无此用法。
Practice makes perfect!
May you succeed in your studies!