中考语法：被动语态的归纳讲解(无答案）

被动语态
Passive Voice
本章要点
需要使用被动语态的情况。
2. 各时态的被动语态结构。
主动语态和被动语态的转换。
双宾语结构的被动转换。
不能使用被动语态的词和词组。
常见主动语态表被动的词和词组。
have sth. done的双重含义。


被动语态语法点分述
需要使用被动语态的情况
不知道或不必提及动作的执行者
This bridge was built in 1700.
这座桥建于1700年。
强调动作的承受者
Frank was hit by a car.
弗兰克被车撞了。
说话者希望所说的内容更加客观，避免就自己不太肯定的事表态
It is said that Japan’s industrial progress after the war was very remarkable.
据说战后日本的工业进步非常显著。

各时态的被动语态结构
被动语态的基本结构为：be done
请完成表格：（以do为例）
一般 进行 完成
现在
过去
将来
过去将来


?Attention?
含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done
芝士蛋糕必须得趁冷吃。
Cheese cake must be served cold.

★小试身手★
请用下面括号内单词的适当形式填空：
A speech _______________________ (give) this afternoon.
The classroom_______________________ (clean) every day.
Some effective measures _______________________ (take) since last year.
My mother’s favorite vase_______________________ (break) yesterday.
The book _______________________ (read) four times by the end of last semester.
An amusement park_______________________ (build) in our city now.
The technician told me that my watch_______________________ (repair) in 1 hour.
The problem _______________________ (discuss) this time yesterday.
He said that he _______________________ (invite) to the party.
Thousands of trees _______________________ (plant) in this area by the end of this year.
The clothes _______________________ (deliver) to the poor area next month.

三、主动语态和被动语态的转换
陈述句改为被动句


He was making a model plane.


一般疑问句改为被动句

Did Mike’s teacher give much homework yesterday?


特殊疑问句改为被动句


When will Jack finish his homework?

What did Linda’s father mend last night?


★小试身手★
请把下列句子变为被动句：
I was sure people would punish him.

They may open a new school next year.

Can the boy pick up heavy weights?

Will your mother kiss you on your wedding day next week?

四、双宾语结构的被动转换
双宾语结构的转换原则

★小试身手★
请改写下列句子，保持句意不变：
My father bought me a Mini Cooper.
物做主语：
人做主语：
The waiter has not brought us the coffee.
物做主语：
人做主语：

?Attention?
以下动词与介词to搭配：

以下动词与介词for搭配：


★小试身手★
请用括号里的词翻译句子：
这个房间是为史密斯一家预定的。(reserve)

你不要指望任何人能为了你而变化。(change)

五、不能使用被动语态的词和词组
1. 不及物动词及短语
出现 死 消失
躺 升起 同意
属于 爆发 由…组成
赶上 发生


2. 静态动词
变成 有益于 等于
失败 包含 缺少
持续 意味着 值…钱
适合


★真题试炼★
An accident _______ on this road last week.
has been happened was happened
is happened happened

Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.
have taken place; was founded has taken place; was founded
have been taken place; founded took place; founded

The pen _______ me. It is hers.
isn’t belong to wasn’t belong to
doesn’t belong to didn’t belong to


六、常见主动语态表被动的词和词组
常见系动词：

井水尝起来好甜。

这块丝绸布料摸起来很光滑。


一些动词在主动表示被动时，通常和well等副词连用，这些动词有：

这支笔很好写。

这幅眼镜戴起来很舒服。


用动名词的主动形式来代替被动，这类动词主要有：

孩子们需要照看。

你值得拥有这些奖励。

be worth doing sth. 某事值得做

值得做的事就值得做好。

be + adj. + to do
当这个句型的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语时，我们一般用主动表被动。
English is hard to learn.（English是to learn的逻辑宾语，所以不用被动。）
这本书很难跟上。(follow)

他说的话很容易理解。(What he said)

七、have sth. done的双重含义
某事被别人完成
你多久剪一次头发？

某人的一种经历
我昨晚把手臂摔断了。

Review what you have learnt
选择题：
The flowers were so lovely that they ______ in no time.
sold had been sold were sold would sell

Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet.
hasn’t been decided haven’t decided
isn’t being decided aren’t decided

It is said that the early European playing-cards ______ for entertainment and education.
were being designed were designed
have been designed have designed

Although the causes of cancer ______, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it.
are being uncovered have been uncovering
are discovering have discovered

Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ______ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.
has been caused had been caused
will be caused will have been caused

Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which ______ the Pacific, and we met no storms.
was called is called
had been called has been called

The moment the 28th Olympic Games ______ open, the whole world cheered.
declared have been declared
have declared were declared

--Why did you leave that position?
--I ______ a better position at IBM.
offer offered am offered was offered

--George and Lucy got married last week. Did you go to their wedding?
--No, I ______. Did they have a big wedding?
was not invited have not been invited
hadn’t been invited didn’t invite

The hero’s story ______ differently in the news-papers.
was reported was reporting reports reported

As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese ______ in more and more schools out of our country.
teaches is taught has taught was taught


请把下列句子变为被动语态
I saw the boy run yesterday.

He told me that he would come back soon.

You could find a lot of differences between the two languages.

Do you water your flowers every day?

The wind blew down the big tree last night.

When can you finish this job?

How did he cut the loaf into thick slices?

翻译
有人给你打电话。

这座大楼什么时候建成?

不会准你带这么多行李。

道路当时正在加宽。

这是今年我第三次被偷了。

真是奇怪这个灯又被打开了。

这就是那张已经被洗过两次的一百元钞票。

--什么时候能开始装修房子？
--应该是一个月以后吧。

当我们在手术的时候，没有人能碰这个按钮。

用动词的适当形式填空：
The first chocolate ________________ (eat) people in South America hundreds of years ago. In those days, the people did not really eat chocolate. They used the cocoa bean to make a chocolate drink and they enjoyed it very much. Many years later, the cocoa bean ________________ (bring) to other countries and people came to love the taste of chocolate.
In 1824, John Cadbury ________________ (open) a small shop in Britain. One of the things they ________________ (sell) was chocolate drink. In 1831, he opened a factory to make chocolate drink. He wanted to encourage people to drink chocolate instead of other drinks. A few years later, a man ________________ (call) Joseph Fry found a way to make chocolate instead of only drinking it. But at that time chocolate was very expensive and only the rich people could buy it. Later, as more and more chocolate bars ________________ (produce and sell), it became cheaper.
However, at first only plain chocolate (a kind of chocolate without milk and with very little sugar) ________________ (produce). Milk chocolate came later and this ________________ (make) by adding milk to the chocolate. The first milk chocolate bar ________________ (make) in Cadbury’s factory in 1897. Their most famous chocolate, Cadbury’s Milk Bar, ________________ (make) in 1905. It has been the most popular chocolate in Britain and around the world for over 100 years. The Cadbury’s factory is still in Britain and the chocolate produced there________________ (eat) all over the world. Every year, thousands of visitors visit the factory in order to see how chocolate ________________ (make).