Unit 1 What’s the matter? Section B 知识点讲解+巩固练习（含解析）

Unit 1 What’s the matter?
重点
1. Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. 阿伦﹒罗尔斯顿是一个对登山感兴趣的美国人。
（1）此处who is interested in mountain climbing为定语从句，修饰先行词man，who为关系代词。当先行词为人时，常用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，who或that在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。who或that作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。
? Do you know the girls who/that are dancing? 你认识那些正在跳舞的女孩吗？（who/that作主语，不可省略）
? The man (that/who) you are waiting for won’t come. 你正在等的那个人不会来了。（who/that作宾语，可省略）
The woman ____________ is the most important in my life is my mother.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
【答案】B
（2）be interested in为固定短语，意为＂对……感兴趣＂，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
? He was interested in science when he was young. 他小时候就对科学感兴趣。
? Are you interested in swimming? 你对游泳感兴趣吗？
【易混辨析】 interested与interesting
interested
＂感兴趣的＂，多作表语，通常用来说明人。
He became interested in fishing. 他变得对钓鱼感兴趣。
interesting
＂引起兴趣的；有趣的＂，作表语或定语，通常用来说明或修饰事物。
The cartoon is very interesting. 这部动画片很有趣。
Are you ____________ in these ____________ story books?
A. interested；interesting B. interested；interested
C. interesting；interested D. interesting；interesting
【答案】A
2. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者, 阿伦习惯于冒险。
be used to意为＂习惯于……；适应于……＂，其中to是介词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
? He is used to taking cold showers even in winter. 他习惯了甚至在冬天也用冷水淋浴。
? He is used to getting up early. 他习惯于早起。
【归纳拓展】
be used to sth / doing sth
意为＂习惯于……＂，相当于短语get used to。
? Be patient and you will be used to the life here soon.
耐心些！很快你就会习惯这儿的生活的。
be used to do sth
(=be used for doing sth )
意为＂被用来做某事＂，是动词use的被动结构。
? Plastics can be used to make all kinds of things.
塑料能被用来制造各种各样的东西。
used to do sth
意为＂过去常做某事＂，表达过去。
? I used to go to the cinema, but I hardly ever have time for films now.
我过去经常去看电影，但现在我几乎没有时间看电影了。
1. 我妈妈习惯于早上早起。
My mother _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ up early in the morning.
2. 他过去常骑自行车去上班, 但现在他乘地铁(去上班)。
He _____________ _____________ _____________ his bike to work, but now he takes the subway.
3. 刀子是被用来切割东西的。
Knives are _____________ _____________ _____________ things.
【答案】1. is used to getting 2. used to ride 3. used to cut/used for cutting
3. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. 但是当他的水用尽时，他知道他必须做一些事情来拯救自己的生命。
run out作不及物动词短语，意为＂用尽；耗尽＂，主语通常是时间、金钱、水、食物等无生命名词。
? His strength ran out. 他的力气用完了。
? After a long walk, he ran out of his water. 长途跋涉后，他用尽了他的水。
【易混辨析】 run out与run out of
run out
是＂动词＋副词＂型动词短语，主语通常是时间、食物、金钱等名词。
? His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快花完了。
run out of
作及物动词用(＝use up)，后接宾语，主语通常是人。?
? I have run out of my money before payday.
在发工资的日子之前我已经用尽了我的钱。
【注意】 run out of... 其原意为＂从……中跑出＂。
? Lots of students ran out of the classroom to see what had happened.
很多学生从教室里跑出来看看发生了什么事。
I will go to buy some paper. My paper has _____________.
A. gone out B. come out C. run out D. looked out
【答案】C
4. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他对登山的热爱是如此深厚以至于在这次经历之后他还继续登山。
（1）＂so ... that...＂意为＂如此……以至于……＂，that引导结果状语从句。此句型中，so是副词，常用来修饰形容词或副词。常用句型结构为：主语+谓语+so+adj./adv.+ that从句。
? The math problem is so difficult that I can’t work it out. 这道数学题是如此难以至于我解不出来。
? The boy is so young that he can’t go to school. 这个男孩太小还不能去上学。
【易混辨析】 such... that与so... that的区别
(1)so+ adj./adv.
adj. + a/an + _________
many/few + 可数名词复数 + that从句
much/little+___________
(2)such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词
adj. + ___________ +that从句
adj. + 复数名词
【注意】 如果so... that...句型中，that引导的从句中的主语与主句中的主语一致，在否定句中可与too... to...或not... enough to...结构转换。
? He is so young that he can’t go to school. 他太小了，不能去上学。
=He is too young to go to school. =He isn’t old enough to go to school.
1. 那次聚会是如此让人激动以至于我永远都不会忘记它。
The party was _____________ _____________ _____________ I would never forget it.
2. 她是如此好的一位老师以至于所有的学生都喜欢她。
She is _____________ _____________good teacher _____________ all the students like her.
【答案】1. so exciting that　 2. such a；that
（2）keep on doing sth意为＂继续或坚持做某事＂，表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调重复性。
? They kept on working though it was dark. 尽管天黑了，他们却继续工作。
? Don’t keep on interrupting me. 别老是跟我打岔。
【知识拓展】
①keep doing sth意为＂继续不停地做某事＂。表示动作的持续不间断、无停顿，强调连续性。
? Keep walking until you reach the end of the road. 继续走，知道你到达路的尽头。
②keep sb doing sth意为＂让某人一直做某事＂。
? I’m sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起让你久等了。
③keep sb from doing sth意为＂阻止某人做某事＂。
? You shouldn’t keep him from watching cartoons. 你不该阻止他看动画片。
【魔法记忆】 英语中后接doing作宾语的词(组)
完成练习值得忙 finish, practise, be worth, be busy
继续习惯别放弃 keep on, be used to, give up
考虑建议不禁想 consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like
喜欢思念要介意 enjoy, miss, mind
昨天我们坚持学习到深夜。
We _____________ _____________ _____________ late into the night yesterday.
【答案】 kept on studying
5. —Are you OK? 你还好吗?
—No, I don’t feel well. 不，我觉得不舒服。
feel well意为＂身体好；感觉舒服＂。其中feel意为＂感觉＂，为系动词，后常接形容词作表语。well表示健康状况时，是形容词，意为＂健康的＂。
? I think I’ll go and lie down — I don’t feel well. 我想我得去躺一会儿，我感到不大舒服。
【易混辨析】 good与well的区别
good
是形容词，意为＂好的；优秀的＂，在句中常用作表语或定语。
? I have a good friend. 我有一个好朋友。
well
作副词，意为＂很好地＂，常用来修饰动词，在句中作状语。
? She speaks English well. 她英语说得好。
作形容词，常用来表示健康状况，意为＂健康的＂，在句中常用作表语。
? I hope she is well. 我希望她身体健康。
1. 要是我身体感觉不舒服该怎么办？
What should I do if I am not _____________ _____________?
2. 玛丽是一位优秀的游泳选手。她游得很好。
Mary is a _____________ swimmer. She swims very _____________.
【答案】1. feeling well　2. good；well
6. decision n. 决定；抉择
decision常用于短语make a decision/decisions意为＂作决定＂。
make a decision to do sth.＝decide to do sth.＝make up one’s mind to do sth. 决定做某事。
He made a decision/decided to go to New York finally. 最后他决定去纽约。
It was very hard for me to make a ________, but I decided to leave my job.
A. invitation　 B. decision C. plan D. discussion
【答案】B
基础训练
I. 根据句意及汉语提示写单词
1. Tony woke up and found himself in a bad s__________.
2. My English teacher often tells us to believe in o__________and study hard.
3. My mother tells me the i__________of learning English. I should work hard at it at school.
4. The president is very tired every day because he has to make many important d________.
5. Mrs. Rice tells her little son that the red traffic light m________＂stop＂.
6. There was a car a________ caused by ice on the road.
7. The scientist’s ________ (死) made us sad.
8. He is a mountain climber. He likes taking r______.
9. The man had an accident and lost too much ________(血).
10. It’s time to have a rest. Let’s go out for a ________(呼吸) of fresh air.
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1. We went swimming yesterday and enjoyed ________(we).
2. Our teacher told us about the ________(important) of studying English.
3. After that experience, he kept on ________(climb) mountains.
4. The little girl is very sad because of her dog’s ________(die).
5. He had problems ________(breathe) after running for an hour.
6. Could you give me some ________(advice) about my math?
7. Do you know the boy ________(call) Tony? He’s new in our school.
8. It’s important for us ________(keep) in good health.
9. There are two ________(knife) and a fork on the table.
10. His doctor advised him to give up ________(smoke) at once.
III. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
give up，get，run out (of)，in control of，oneself，
make a decision，cut，get out of，take，nosebleed
1. I felt sick, so I _____________________ my temperature.
2. My father is a manager and he is ________________________ a big company.
3. My money _________________________________________and I had to sleep outside.
4. If you have a _____________________, you should put your head back.
5. Thanks to the doctors, the old man __________________ danger in the end.
6. He was very tired, but he wouldn’t like ________________________ working.
7. It was difficult for him _____________________ because he didn’t know how to do it, either.
7. Bob hurt _____________________ in P. E. class and he couldn’t move.
8. She _____________________ her finger while getting ready for the supper yesterday.
10. The boy hurt his knee while running. His parents took him to the hospital _____________________ an X-ray.
Ⅳ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. 他从他办公室出来，迅速跑向车站。
He _____________ _____________ _____________ his office and ran to the station quickly.
2. 警察控制了这里的局势。
The police _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ the situation here.
3. 尽管我告诉他们不要说话，他们还是继续说着。
They _____________ _____________ _____________, although I told them not to.
4. 张良如此勇敢，以至于他喜欢冒险。
Zhang Liang is _____________ brave _____________ he likes _____________ _____________.
5. 他们砍掉树枝，以便能够顺利通过这条小路。
They _____________ _____________ the branches _____________ _____________ they could pass the path successfully.
6. 汤姆习惯于自己照顾自己。
Tom is _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ himself.
7. 不要放弃！继续尝试直到成功。
Don’t _____________ _____________! Just _____________ _____________ trying until you succeed.
8. 因为一次登山事故，他失去了左腿。
He lost his left leg _____________ _____________ a climbing accident.
9. 这块石头如此重，以至于我无法搬动它。
The stone is _____________ heavy _____________ I can’t move it.
10. 昨天打篮球时，托尼被击中了。
Tony _____________ _____________ _____________ a ball when he was playing basketball yesterday.
V. 单项选择
1. He has made up his mind ________ abroad(到国外). It’s his own ________.
A. go; decision B. to go; decision
C. going; decide D. to go；decide
2. Please be quick; we’ve almost ________ our time to finish the game.
A. used out of B. used out
C. run out of D. run out
3. No matter how hard it is, don’t ________. Things will be better in the future.
A. give out　 B. give up　　 C. give away
4. We should keep on ________ English eve ry day.
A. to practice to speak B. to practice speaking
C. practicing to speak D. practicing speaking
5. —Are you used ________ here?
—Yes. The environment here is great.
A. live B. to live C. living D. to living
6. Though the doctors had problem ________ the baby, they didn’t want ________.
A. saving; to give up B. to save; to give up
C. saving; to turn up D. to save; cutting up
7. This passage is very difficult. ______ people can understand it.
A. A few　　　 B. Few　　　 C. A little
8. —What happened to Mike?
—Oh, the basketball hit him ________the nose.
A. in　　　　　 B. at C. on　　　　 D. for
9. Liu Huan, a famous male singer, has long hair, because he ________ long hair.
A. used to have B. is used to having
C. is used for having D. is used to have
10. They have to put off the plan ________the bad weather.
A. because B. because of C. as D. since
11. He ________ a small piece of watermelon and gave it to me.
A. cut out B. cut off
C. cut up D. cut down
12. She is taking care of her ________ father.
A. sick B. ill C. illness D. healthy
能力提升
I. 完形填空
Stuart and Steve were twin brothers. Stuart loved to play basketball. But Steve loved to read books. One day Stuart was playing basketball ___1___ he fell and broke his leg. When they took him to the hospital, the doctor said he wouldn’t be able to play for six months. Steve went ___2___ him and brought him books on basketball. At first Stuart wasn’t going to read them. Then he began to read them and ___3___ that there were ways he could play basketball better. He began to think that books weren’t ___4___.
When Stuart’s leg started getting better, Steve would help him by going for walks with him. ___5___ Stuart’s doctor said he could start playing basketball again. Then Stuart showed Steve how to toss(投) for baskets. Steve found that he enjoyed it.
Then Stuart was ready to ___6___ the basketball games. Steve went to watch the games and enjoyed himself. They then ___7___ practiced basketball and read books together.
So you can see, when ___8___ happens, something good may also happen. Steve showed Stuart about books and Stuart showed Steve about basketball. So you can also ___9___showing others something that you like to do and they can show you something that they like to do. ___10___ you can find new things to do.
1. A. until B. when C. after D. where
2. A. on seeing B. to call C. to visit D. to look
3. A. saw B. looked C. read D. found
4. A. good B. bad C. better D. worse
5. A. But B. However C. Finally D. So
6. A. take part B. win C. lose D. join in
7. A. always B. never C. seldom D. much
8. A. anything good B. something nice C. something bad D. anything wrong
9. A. try B. practice C. enjoy D. like
10. A. On the way B. By the way C. In a way D. In this way
II. 阅读理解
Coffee has played an important role in people's lives for thousands of years, and today coffee is grown and enjoyed worldwide, it is still one of the favorite drinks in the world. Many people in the world begin their busy day by drinking a cup of coffee or several cups of coffee. They have always said that a cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way.
Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains(头脑) active? It is caffeine (咖啡因). Caffeine may increase a person's mental and physical abilities (精力和体力). For example, two cups of coffee will make you breathe (呼吸) faster and augment body temperature. All this makes your heart beat faster, and doctors warn that this may be a little dangerous.
Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods. A little caffeine is probably not harmful. But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless.
1．“A cup of coffee in the morning helps them begin their day in the right way.” What does it mean?
A． A cup of coffee helps them do the right job.
B． A cup of coffee helps them act in the right way the whole morning.
C． A cup of coffee makes their work more interesting.
D． A cup of coffee makes them full of spirit for the work the whole day.
2．The underlined word “augment ” means __________________.
A． make more B． drink C． stop D． make less
3．Coffeine is found in ____________________________________.
A． tea and water B． chocolate, meat and some other foods
C． coffee and cream D． coffee, tea, chocolate and some other foods
4．From the passage, we may know drinking coffee late at night might ___________.
A． give you a headache B． make you fall asleep
C． keep you awake D． may be dangerous
5．Which of the following is NOT true?
A． People have used coffee since thousands of years ago.
B． Caffeine does no harm to our body.
C． Two cups of coffee will make you breathe faster and increase body temperature.
D． Caffeine may increase man's mental and physical abilities.
III. 补全对话
Lisa: Hello! This is Lisa. May I speak to Cindy?
Cindy: Hi, Lisa. 1
Lisa: You aren’t at school today. 2
Cindy: I have a fever and can’t go.
Lisa: Sorry to hear that. 3
Cindy: Yes, my mother took me to the hospital. 4 He told me to take the medicine three times a day and drink some water.
Lisa: 5
Cindy: Much better
A． The doctor said I had a bad cold.
B． This is Cindy.
C． How are you feeling now?
D． Did you see the doctor?
E. What’s the matter?
真题练习
1.（2019·绥化）She is a teacher__________has much teaching experience.
A. whose B. who C. whom
2.（2019·甘肃白银）Our city is cleaner than it ________ be.
A. is used to B. used to
C. uses to D. is used
3.（2019·山东东营）If we just think about _____________, the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.
A. myself B. himself C. yourself D. ourselves
4.（2019·四川雅安）Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _____________.
A. himself B. ourselves C. myself D. yourself
5.（2019·重庆B卷）It’s cold today. Take your _____________ with you when you go out.
A. knife B. coat C. brush D. key
6.（2019·湖北武汉）—Her father tried to _____________ that nothing unusual had happened.
—In fact, it was not serious.
A. imagine B. pretend C. mean D. warn
7.（2019·贵州六盘水）My father used to drive to work, but he is used to _____________ now.
A. walking B. walked C. walks D. walk
8.（2019·江苏南通）I’m afraid that this type of energy will _____________ if we continue to waste it.
A. run out B. break out
C. come down D. fall down
9.（2019·青岛）Our country is taking action to _____________ air pollution.
A. cut down B. cut up
C. cut out D. cut off
10.（2019·广西河池）Never _____________, and our dream will come true.
A.clean up B.cheer up
C.get up D.give up
11.（2019·广西崇左）James is one of the basketball _____________ in NBA.
A. actors B. players C. waiters D. nurses
12.（2019·山东滨州）—I think dragons are the _____________ of China. Do you think so?
—I agree with you.
A. symbol B. situation C. promise D. shape
13.（2019·江苏南通）—Where are you going to spend your summer holiday, Jenny?
—I haven’t made a _____________ yet. I’m going to talk about it with my family tomorrow.
A. decision B. promise C. journey D. suggestion
参考答案
基础
I. 根据句意及汉语提示写单词
1.situation　2.ourselves　3.importance 4. decisions　5.means
6.accident 7.death　8.risks 9.blood　 10. breath
II. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.ourselves　2.importance 3. climbing　4.death　5.breathing
6. advice　7.called　8.to keep 9. knives　10.smoking
III. 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. took 2. in control of 3. ran out 4. nosebleed 5. got out of
6. to give up 7. to make a decision 8. himself 9. cut 10. to get
Ⅳ. 根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词
1. got out of　 2. are in control of 3. kept on talking　 4. so；that；taking risks
5. cut off；so that 6. used to looking after 7. give up；keep on 8. because of
9. so；that 10. got hit by
V. 单项选择
1. B　【解析】make up one’s mind to do...意为＂下定决心做……＂，decision为名词，＂决定＂。
2. C　【解析】run out of用光，用尽，主语为人，与use up同义；run out用光，主语为物。
6. A 【解析】固定搭配法。have problems doing sth.做某事有困难；give up放弃。want后接动词不定式。
7. B　【解析】句意：这篇文章很难，几乎没有人能理解它。few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数。
10. B　【解析】此题用句子结构分析法。句意：因为天气不好，他们不得不推迟计划。because of后可跟名词短语，because后跟句子。
11. B　【解析】cut out意为＂删除＂；cut off意为＂切掉＂；cut up意为＂切碎＂；cut down意为＂砍倒＂。该句意为＂他切下一小块西瓜并给了我。＂由句意可知答案选B。
12. A 【解析】sick可作定语修饰名词，ill只能作表语，illness为名词，healthy可作定语。根据句意，＂她在照料生病的父亲。＂可知选A。
能力
I. 完形填空
【文章大意】本篇短文通过讲述一对双胞胎兄弟互相学习的故事，向人们说明了＂祸兮，福之所倚＂的道理。
1. B 【解析】句意：一天，当Stuart 在打篮球的时候，他摔倒了，摔了腿。A. until直到；B. when当……的时候；C. after在……之后；D. where在哪。这里是when引导的时间状语从句。故选B。
2. C 【解析】句意：Steve 去看他，给他买了关于篮球方面的书。go to do sth.表示去做某事。visit sb.表示去看望某人。故选C。
3. D 【解析】句意：然后他开始读它们，找到了更好的打篮球的方法。A. saw 看见；B. looked看；C. read读；D. found找到。这里是说找到或发现的意思。故选D。
4. B 【解析】句意：他认为书不是那么的不好。A. good好的；B. bad坏的；C. better 更好；D. worse更差。根据上文that there were ways he could play basketball better.可知，下文是他认为书不是不好。故选B。
5. C 【解析】句意：最后Stuart 的医生说他可以开始在打篮球了。A. But但是；B. However然而；C. Finally最后；D. So因此。根据上下文的提示可知，这里是最后的意思。故选C。
6. D 【解析】句意：然后Stuart准备参加篮球比赛了。 A. take part参加； B. win赢得；获胜；C. lose失去；D. join in加入。Jion in表示参加某种活动或比赛。故选D。
9. A 【解析】句意：你也可以试着向别人展示你喜欢做的事情，他们可以给你看他们喜欢做的事情。A. try尝试；B. practice练习；C. enjoy喜欢；D. like喜欢。短语try doing sth.表示试着做某事。故选A。
10. D 【解析】句意：用这个方法你能找到新的事情去做。On the way在路上；B. By the way 顺便说一下；C. In a way在某种程度上；D. In this way用这个方法。这里是通过这样的方法。根据题意，故选D。
II. 阅读理解
【文章大意】这篇文章讲述咖啡在现在许多人生活中的的重要性。但医生告诉我们咖啡中的咖啡因可以提高人们的体力和精力。但会使人心跳加快，体温会升高，这些都有一些危险。大量的咖啡因会使人紧张和失眠。
1．D 【解析】题意：“早上喝一杯咖啡可以帮助他们以正确的方式开始新的一天”是什么意思？A.一杯咖啡能帮助他们找到正确的工作；B. 一杯咖啡可以帮助他们在整个上午正确的行动；C. 一杯咖啡使他们的工作更有趣；D.一杯咖啡使他们一整天都精神饱满地工作。通过对整篇文章的理解可知，D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
2．A 【解析】题意：画线的单词“augment ”意思是_____。A. make more使得更多；B. drink喝；C. stop停止；D. make less使更少。根据句意两杯咖啡可以让你呼吸加快，体温增加，故答案选A。
3．D 【解析】题意：咖啡因被发现在_____。根据Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, chocolate and some other foods.可知咖啡因被发现在茶、咖啡、巧克力和其他一些食物中，故答案选D。
4．C 【解析】题意：从这篇文章中，我们知道在深夜和咖啡可能_____。根据文中Do you know what in the coffee makes our bodies and brains active?你知道咖啡中的什么使你的身体和大脑有活力吗？和最后一句But too much caffeine can make people nervous and sleepless.但是过多的咖啡因会让人紧张和失眠。可知在深夜喝一杯咖啡可能会让你一直清醒。故答案选C。
5．B 【解析】题意：下面哪个选项是不正确的？A.人们从几千年前就开始使用咖啡了；B.咖啡因对人体无害；C.两杯咖啡会让你呼吸加快，体温增加；D.咖啡因可以增加人的智力和体力。通过对整篇文章的理解可知，B选项与文章所描述的不符，故答案选B。
III. 补全对话
1—5 BEDAC
真题
2. B 【解析】本题考查固定短语。句意：我们的城市比过去干净多了。A. is used to意为“习惯做某事”；B. used to意为“过去常常……”；C. uses to用法错误；D. is used用法错误。根据句意“我们的城市比过去干净多了”，故答案选B。
3. D 【解析】考查反身代词辨析。句意：如果我们只考虑我们自己。友谊的小船说翻就翻。A. myself我自己；B. himself他自己；C. yourself你自己；D. ourselves我们自己。＂我们＂只为＂我们自己＂考虑。故选D。
4. D 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：小心小刀。你可能伤着自己。A.himself他自己；B.ourselves我们自己；C.myself我自己；D.yourself你自己。前句是祈使句，祈使句的主语是未表达出来的第二人称you，你可能伤着你自己。故选D。
5. B 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天天气冷，当你出去的时候，请带上你的外衣。A. knife 小刀； B. coat外衣；C. brush 刷子；D. key钥匙。根据It’s cold today.可知，这里指的是出去带着外衣，故选B。
6. B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：——她的父亲努力假装没有什么不寻常的事发生。——事实上，那不严重。imagine想想；pretend假装；mean意味着；warn警告。根据it was not serious.可知事情不严重，因此假装没有发生过，故选B。
7. A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我父亲过去常常开车上班，但是现在他已经习惯于步行了。Be used to doing sth习惯于做某事，介词to后跟动词用动名词形式。故选A。
8. A 【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：恐怕这种类型的能源将耗尽，如果我们继续浪费它的话。A. run out 用完，耗尽；B. break out爆发；C. come down 降落，下来；D. fall down跌倒，失败。结合句意可知答案为A。
9. A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们的国家正在采取行动减少空气污染。cut down减少；cut up切碎；cut out裁剪；cut off切断。结合语境，所以选A。
11. B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：詹姆斯是NBA中的篮球运动员之一。A. actors演员；B. players运动员；C. waiters服务员；D. nurses护士。NBA是美国国家篮球协会的简称，所以詹姆斯是篮球协会的运动员。one of +名词复数，……之一。结合句意，故选B。
12. A 【解析】句意：——我认为龙是中国的象征，你是这样认为的吗？——我同意你的看法。A. symbol象征，标志；B. situation情况，形势；C. promise承诺，许诺；D. shape形状，外形。由句意可知选A。
13. A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：——珍妮，你要去哪儿度暑假？——我还没有做决定。我明天要和我的家人谈一谈。decision决定；promise诺言；journey旅程；suggestion建议。由句意可知选A。