Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? Grammar 知识点讲解+巩固练习（含解析）

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
情态动词could的用法
一、提出礼貌的请求
could表示委婉地请求，其句型结构主要有：
1. Could you +动词原形+...?
2. Could you please+动词原形+...?
意为＂请你做……好吗? ＂句型2比句型1语气更加委婉。肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Sure. / Of course. / No problem. 否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t.
? Li Lei, could you please help me? 李雷，请你帮我个忙好吗？
? —Could you come here soon? 你尽快过来，行吗？
—Sure. 当然可以。
? —Could you please close the window? 请你关上窗户好吗？
—I’m afraid not. 恐怕不行。
【注意】其否定结构为：Could you（please）not do...?
【知识拓展】
Would you mind doing sth? 也可表示请求，常用句型：
Would you please + do sth?
Would you + do sth?
肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem. / I’d love to.
否定回答：Sorry. / Sorry, I can’t. / I’d love to, but...
? —Would you mind cleaning your room? 你介意去打扫你的房间吗？
—No. I’d like to. 不，我很乐意。
二、表示请求许可
1. could表示请求允许，其句型结构为：
Could I/we +动词原形+...? 意为＂请问我（们）能做……吗? ＂
肯定回答：Sure. / Of course. / No problem.
否定回答：I’m sorry / Sorry, you can’t. 若关系比较亲近，也可以直接说No, you can’t.
【温馨提示】在以上句子结构中情态动词could不是can的过去式，而是用来表示委婉语气的，后跟动词原形。
? Could I come in? 我可以进来吗？
2. 另外，用Could I ...？时，表示请求对方准许，对方回答时不能用could，而要用can。
? —Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？
—Yes, you can. 是的，可以。
3. 对于这种请求的肯定和否定回答的常用语
肯定回答常用语：Certainly. / Of course. / With pleasure. / No problem. / Sure. / Yes, you can.
否定回答常用语：I’m afraid not. / No, I’m afraid I can’t. / No, you can’t.
三、could与can的区别
could与can都是情态动词，could是can的过去式。二者都可用于表示请求，但是用法稍有不同：
1. can表示一般性的请求，语气随便，常用于熟人之间或长辈对晚辈、上级对下级的场合。
? Can you tell us your story, Tony? 你能给我们讲讲你的故事吗，托尼？
2. could表示有礼貌地请求，语气委婉，常用于非熟人之间或晚辈对长辈、下级对上级的场合。
? —Could you tell us if it snows in winter in Australia? 请告诉我们，澳大利亚冬天下雪吗？
—Sure. 当然可以。
1. —Could I smoke here？
—Sorry. I am afraid you_________. Look at the sign ＂No smoking！＂
A. couldn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
【答案】C
2. —Excuse me, could you help me carry the heavy box?
—_______.
A. Yes, I could B. With pleasure
C. It doesn’t matter D. Don’t mention it
【答案】B
【解析】Could you...? 表示客气地征求意见或请求许可，不能用could回答；with pleasure 表示同意，意为＂乐意效劳，愿意帮助＂；C、D是对感谢的回答，不符合语境。故选B。
基础训练
Ⅰ. 仔细观察例句, 然后判断哪些句子表示请求, 哪些句子表示请求允许, 分别在括号内标出(Write R for requests and P for permission)
1. Could you please clean your room? (　　　　)
2. Could you take out the rubbish? (　　　　)
3. Could you please take the dog for a walk? (　　　　)
4. Could I use your computer? (　　　　)
5. Could we get something to drink after the movie? (　　　　)
Ⅱ. 用can’t/ could/ must/have to填空
1. —_______________ you lend me some money?
—Sure. How much do you need?
2. —_______________ you please clean the living room?
—Sorry, I_______________. I _______________ do my homework now.
3. Li Yundi _______________ play the piano very well when he was 7 years old.
4. —Could I go out for dinner?
—No, you _______________ do your homework.
5. —What about seeing a new film this evening?
—I am afraid I _______________. I _______________ finish my math exercises this evening.
Ⅲ. 选用下面方框中的语句完成下面的对话。
Yes，sure.　Sorry，I can’t.　Yes，you can.
No，you can’t.　Could you please　Could I
1. A：______________ sweep the floor?
B：______________ I’m too tired.
2. A：______________ use the car?
B：______________ Your father needs i t.
3. A：______________ clean your bedroom?
B：______________ I’m too busy.
4. A：______________ fold your clothes?
B：______________ I will do that at once.
5. A：______________ go to the movies?
B：______________ And I’ll go with you.
Ⅳ. 根据每一小题后的提示语回答下面的问题
1. Q：Could you please clean your room? (Sorry/do the dishes)
A：______________________________________________________________
2. Q：Could I stay out late? (No/babysit your sister)
A：______________________________________________________________
3. Q：Could you please make your bed? (Yes/sure)
A：______________________________________________________________
4. Q：Could I use your bicycle? (No/need it today)
A：______________________________________________________________
5. Q：Could you please take out the trash? (Sorry/practice the piano)
A：______________________________________________________________
V. 完成句子
1. ——请你帮我学英语好吗？
——好的，当然可以。
—________ you ________ help me with my English?
—Yes, ________.
2. ——你把房间打扫一下好吗？
——对不起，我得做作业。
—________ you ________ ________ the room?
—Sorry, I ________. I have to do my homework.
3. ——请问我能看电视吗？
——是的，你能。
—________ I watch TV?
—Yes, you ________.
4. ——请问我能用一下你的自行车吗？
——不，你不能。我得骑车外出。
—________ I ________ your bike?
—No, you ________. I have to go out.
5. ——当你4岁时，你会唱英语歌吗？
——不能。
—________ ________ _______ English songs when you were four years old?
—________, I ________.
6. ——我能在这儿吸烟吗？
——对不起，你不能。
—________ ________ smoke here?
—________ ________, you can’t.
7. 请递给我那本书好吗？
________ ________ ________ ________ me that book?
8. ——请你帮我洗车好吗？
——对不起，我不能。我必须去上学。
—Could you please help me wash the car?
—_______________, _______________ _______________. I have to go to school.
VI. 单项选择
1. (2019·连云港) —Shall we take a car?
—No, we _______________. It’s only five minutes’ walk.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
2.（2019·贵州黔南州）All passengers _______________ go through safety check before they take a plane.
A. can B. may C. must D. could
3.（2019·黑龙江哈尔滨）—Hi. Jack! Could you come to our English party?
—Sorry, I _______________. I have to look after my little sister at home.
A. must B. could C. can’t
4. — _______________ you please play tennis with me?
—Sorry, I _______________.
A. Could; can’t B. Could; couldn’t
C. Can; don’t D. Can; couldn’t
5. Could you _______________ the window? I feel a little cold.
A. please not open B. please not to open
C. not please to close D. please not to close
6. —Could you please do the dishes for me, Jim’?
— _______________. I have to make my bed.
A. Yes, sure B. OK C. Sorry, Mom D. No problem
7. —Could you help me with the math problem?
— _______________. I’m too busy now.
A. Yes, please B. No, sure
C. Yes, you could D. Sorry, I can’t
8. —Could you please _______________ the window? It is a little hot.
— _______________, of course.
A. opening; Yes B. open; Yes C. to open; No
9. —Could you help me take it to the classroom?
— _______________.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn’t
C. Yes, sure D. No, I don’t
10. —Could I borrow your car?
— _______________, but I need it. I _______________ go to school.
A. Certainly; don’t B. Sorry; have to
C. Certainly; don’t have to D. Sure; have to
VII. 补全对话
A: What can I do for you, sir?
B: 1
A: Could you tell me when you would like to fly?
B: On the l0th of next month.
A: The l0th? Just a minute, please. I have to check the computer. Hmm, I’m sorry. 2 What about the 9th?
B: The 9th? No, I can’t leave before the l0th. What about the llth?
A: Let me see. 3
B: What’s the night number?
A: Flight number? It’s HU703.
B: HU703. 4
A: Yes, that’s half past four in the afternoon. One-way or round-trip?
B: One-way.
A: How many seats, please?
B: 5
A: OK. I’ll get them for you at once.
A: Certainly. You can help me.
B: Yes, we have a flight on the llth.
C．Yes, please. I’d like to book two tickets to Hong Kong.
D: You have to wait for about an hour.
E. It leaves Haikou at l6:30, doesn’t it?
F: We don’t have any flights to Hong Kong that day.
G. I’d like two seats, please.
VIII. 完形填空
My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk, but would never run very well. He 1 the first three years of his life in hospital. By the time he was eight, you wouldn’t know he has a problem when you saw him 2 .
Children in our neighborhood always ran around 3 their play, and Joey would jump and ran and play, 4 . We never told him that he probably wouldn’t be 5 to run like the other children. So he didn’t know.
In 6 grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others, 7 only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the 8 . We didn’t tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn’t know.
He ran four to five miles every day — even when he had a fever. I was 9 , so I went to 10 him after school. I found him running 11 I asked him how he felt. ＂Okay,＂ he said. He had two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept 12 .
Two weeks later, the names of the team 13 were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had 14 the team. He was in seventh grade — the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldn’t do it … so he didn’t know. He just 15 it.
1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid
2. A. talk B. sit C. study D. walk
3. A. after B. before C. during D. till
4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet
5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid
6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth
7. A. so B. if C. then D. because
8. A. neighborhood B. family C. school D. grade
9. A. excited B. tired C. pleased D. worried
10. A. think about B. hear from C. agree with D. look for
11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already
12. A. riding B. walking C. playing D. running
13. A. jumpers B. runners C. doctors D. teachers
14. A. got B. kept C. made D. found
15. A. did B. had C. left D. took
IX. 语法填空
Iris began to go to kindergarten(幼儿园) at the age of 3. She enjoys t 1 care of other children. She also likes helping the teachers with chores. She often helps the teacher s 2 the floor，because Iris thinks it is i 3 ．
Iris is smarter t 4 other kids. She b 5 playing computer games at the age of 4. She is also a good storyteller. Iris likes i 6 friends to her house. She tells stories to her friends and her mother often cooks delicious s 7 for them.
Iris is a big help to her mother. “Look at the broom(扫帚) in the picture！It's m 8 ．I use it to help my mother sweep the floor every day，” Iris says. Every evening she does the d 9 after her family finish eating. Iris can help her parents clean u 10 the garden，too.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 仔细观察例句, 然后判断哪些句子表示请求, 哪些句子表示请求允许, 分别在括号内标出(Write R for requests and P for permission)
1—5 RRRPP
Ⅱ. 用can’t/could/ must/have to填空
1. Could 2. Could；can’t；have to/must 3. could 4. have to 5. can’t；have to/must
Ⅲ. 选用下面方框中的语句完成下面的对话。
1. Could you please；Sorry, I can’t.　
2. Could I；No, you can’t.　
3. Could you please；Sorry, I can’t.　
4. Could you please；Yes, sure.　
5. Could I；Yes, you can.
Ⅳ. 根据每一小题后的提示语回答下面的问题
1. Sorry, I can’t. I have to do the dishes.　
2. No, you can’t. You must babysit your sister.　
3. Yes, sure.　
4. No, you can’t. I need it today.　
5. Sorry, I can’t. I have to practice the piano.
V. 完成句子
1. Could；please；sure　2. Could；please clean；can’t　3. Could；can　
4. Can；use；can’t　5. Could you sing；No；couldn’t　6. Could I；I’m sorry
7. Could you please pass 8. Sorry；I can’t
VI. 单项选择
2. C 【解析】句意：所有乘客登机前必须接受安全检查。A. can能够，表示能力；B. may可以，表示许可；C. must必须；D. could可能，可以。登机前必须安检。故选C。
3. C 【解析】句意：——嗨，杰克！你能来参加我们的英语派对吗？——对不起，我不能。我不得不在家照顾我的小妹妹。must必须，一定；could能，can的过去式；can’t不能。根据杰克的理由及sorry，可知是否定回答，故选C。
4. A 【解析】句意：——你能和我一起打网球吗？——对不起，我不能。could和can都可以表示请求允许，但是could只是表示语气更委婉，不代表过去，回答时用can；故选A。
5. A 【解析】句意：请你不要打开窗户好吗？我有点冷。could情态动词，后用动词原形；故选A。
6. C 【解析】句意：——吉姆，请你替我洗碗好吗？——对不起，妈妈，我要铺床。根据回答I have to make my bed，可知没有时间帮妈妈洗碗，所以表示抱歉。故选C。
7. D 【解析】句意：——你能帮我做数学题吗？——对不起，我现在太忙了。问句could you...表示请求的句子，不能用could来回答，否定回答用can’t，肯定回答用can，根据I’m too busy now.可知，这里应该用否定回答，故选D。
9. C 【解析】句意：——你能帮我把它带到教室吗？——当然可以。Could I / you...? 句式中，Could表示语气更委婉，回答时一般不用could/couldn’t。肯定回答一般为Of course./ Sure.否定回答为 Sorry./ I’m sorry, but(给出原因）。结合语境可知，答案为C。
10. B 【解析】句意：——我可以借你的小汽车用用吗？——对不起，我需要它，我得去学校。根据答语中but可知，前后句之间形成转折关系，故应是Could I...?的否定回答，答案选B。
VII. 在空处填上适当的词补全对话
1—5 CFBEG
VIII. 完形填空
【文章大意】作者的儿子天生畸形足，在医生的治疗下，他能走路，但是医生说他不会跑。从小的时候他的儿子就跟邻居家的孩子一起玩，一起跑，作者从来没有告诉过他他不能跑。他一直坚持跑步，最后还参加了学校的田径队。
1. A 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：他生命中最初的三年是在医院度过的。spent 花费，度过；taken 花费，常用It作形式主语；cost 花费，主语为物；paid付钱。根据句意可知，这句话的主语是He，spent在这里是度过的意思。故选A。
2. D 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：到他八岁的时候，你看到他走路不会发现他有问题。talk 谈话；sit 坐下；study 学习；walk走路。根据上文with treatment he would be able to walk可知，经过治疗，作者的儿子是可以走路的。因此应选D。
3. C 【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。句意：我们邻居的孩子们在玩的时候总是到处跑，Joey也会跟着一起跳、跑、玩。after在……之后；before在……之前；during在……期间；till直到……时候。空后their play是一个名词短语，因此这里填介词。故选C。
4. B 【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。句意：我们邻居的孩子们在玩的时候总是到处跑，Joey也会跟着一起跳、跑、玩。either 也，用于否定句中；too 也，用于肯定句中；though 然而；yet仍然，还。根据句意可知，Joey会跟着邻居家的孩子们一起玩，他们跑，他也会跑。故选B。
6. B 【解析】考查数词及语境的理解。句意：在七年级的时候，他决定参加学校的跑步队。sixth 第六；seventh 第七；eighth 第八；ninth 第九。根据下文He was in seventh grade可知，作者的儿子在七年级，故选B。
7. D 【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。句意：他跑得比其他人都多，因为只有前七名才可以代表学校去跑步。so 因此；if 如果；then 然后，那么；because因为。根据句意可知，这句话说的是作者的儿子比别人都跑得更多的原因，故选D。
8. C 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：他跑得比其他人都多，因为只有前七名才可以代表学校去跑步。neighbor邻居；family家庭；school 学校；grade年级。根据上文he decided to join the school running team可知，他参加的是学校的队伍，因此是代表学校去跑步。故选C。
9. D 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：他每天跑四到五英里，甚至在他发烧的时候。我很担心，所以我放学后去找他。excited兴奋的；tired 累的；pleased 高兴的；worried担心的。根据上句话even when he had a fever可知，儿子发烧了还跑步，作者非常担心，故选D。
10. D 【解析】考查动词短语及语境的理解。句意：他每天跑四到五英里，甚至在他发烧的时候。我很担心，所以我放学后去找他。think about想起，考虑；agree with 同意，和……一致；hear from 收到……的来信；look for寻找。根据文意可知，作者因为担心孩子，所以在儿子放学后去找他。
11. A 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：我发现他一个人在跑步。alone 一个人；away 离开；almost 几乎；already已经。根据句意可知应选A。
12. D 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：然后他就向前看，继续向前跑。riding 骑车；walking 散步；playing 玩；running跑步。根据上文 I found him running可知，作者的儿子正在跑步，故应选D。
13. B 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。句意：两周后，校队跑步运动员的名单公布了。jumpers 跳跃者；runners 跑步者；doctors 医生；teachers老师。根据文意可知，作者的儿子想要参加学校的跑步队，因此应选B。
14. C 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：Joey入选了。got 得到；kept 保持；made 制作；found发现。这里made the team的意思是Joey做到了，他加入了学校的赛跑队。故选C。
15. A 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。句意：我们从来没有告诉过他他做不到，因此他不知道，他恰恰做到了。did做到了；had 拥有；left 离开；took带走。根据上句话We never told him he couldn’t do it可知应选A。
IX. 语法填空
【文章大意】短文介绍了Iris的一些情况。3岁开始上幼儿园，喜欢照顾其他孩子，她也喜欢帮助老师做家务，她经常帮助老师扫地。Iris比其他孩子聪明，4岁就开始玩电脑游戏。喜欢邀请朋友到她家去，在家里也经常帮助做家务，扫地，洗碗碟，打扫花园。
3．interesting 【解析】句意：因为Iris觉得很有趣。此句是系表结构，应该填写一个形容词，结合句意可知，答案为interesting。
4．than 【解析】句意：Iris比其他孩子聪明。此句是一个比较级的句子，缺少连词than。
5．began 【解析】句意：她4岁就开始玩电脑游戏。begin doing sth.开始做某事，根据时间状语at the age of 4可知，时态为过去时，故答案为began。
6．inviting 【解析】句意：Iris喜欢邀请朋友到她家。like doing sth.喜欢做某事；invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事，结合句意可知，答案为inviting。
7．snacks 【解析】句意：妈妈经常给他们做好吃的点心。结合句意以及首字母提示可知，答案为snacks。
8．mine 【解析】句意：看这张照片里的扫帚！它是我的。结合句意可知，这是我的扫帚，放在句末的是名词性物主代词，答案为mine，相当于my broom。
9．dishes 【解析】句意：每天晚上她的家人吃完饭后她就洗碗碟。do the dishes洗碗碟，结合句意可知，答案为dishes。
10．up 【解析】句意：Iris也可以帮她的父母打扫花园。clean up清除，打扫。故答案为up。