北师大版高中英语必修一Unit 1 Lifestyles语言点（一）

Unit 1 Lifestyles语言点（一）
目标认知
重点词汇
matter，peaceful，relaxing，suppose，switch，bored，stress，suffer，pressure，reduce，organise (=organize)，stand，prefer
重点短语
at the moment，go off，take up，be filled with
重点句型
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
get +过去分词
the first/second.../next/last (+ n.) + to do sth.
so that …
知识讲解
重点词汇
matter
【原句回放】As long as I get good marks in my tests，it doesn’t matter if I can speak English or not．只要我在考试中能得高分，能否说英语没多大关系。
【点拨】matter vi. 要紧，有重大关系 n. 事件，问题，课题
归纳：
1) It doesn’t matter．没关系。
2)a matter of...一个……的问题
3)to make matters/things worse更糟糕的是
4)as a matter of fact事实上，实际上(=in fact)
经典例句
①It doesn’t matter whether you agree to the plan or not．你是否同意这项计划并不重要。
②The study shows mothers matter all year long and not just on Mother’s Day. (2019 四川高考)
研究表明母亲不只是在母亲节，而是全年都很重要。
③To make matters worse，some people do not follow traffic rules．
更糟糕的是，有些人不遵守交通规则。
④Believe it or not，this is a matter of life and death．信不信由你，这是一个生死攸关的问题。
⑤I’m going there tomorrow，as a matter of fact．说实话，明天我要去那里。
⑥What’s the matter with you? 你怎么了?
peaceful
【原句回放】I think a shepherd’s life is peaceful and relaxing...我认为牧羊人的生活是平静的、放松的……
【点拨】peaceful adj. 和平的；平静的
China is a peaceful country．中国是一个和平的国家。
【拓展】peace n. 和平，平静，宁静
peacefully adv. 和平地，平静地
归纳：in peace平静地，安心地 (多修饰动词)
at peace处于和平的、平静的状态 (多放be，feel等系动词后)
①Don’t disturb her．Just leave her in peace．不要打扰她。让她安静一会儿。
②She is at peace with her neighbours．她和邻居相处融洽。
③After years of fighting the people longed for peace．经过多年的战争，人民渴望和平。
relaxing
【原句回放】Use the Key Words to say how relaxing or stressful they are for you. 用下面的关键词说说这些情况下你放松或紧张到什么程度。
【点拨】relaxing adj. 轻松的，放松的
I find cooking relaxing．我发现烹饪令人放松。
I am expecting a relaxing family holiday. 我正在期待着一个轻松的家庭假期。
易混辨析：relaxing，relaxed
relaxing (物)令人放松的，令人轻松愉快的
relaxed (人)感到轻松的、放松的
If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. (2019 全国II卷)
如果你需要帮助自己慢下来，听轻松的音乐。
The warm sunshine makes everyone relaxed．暖和的阳光使大家很放松。
★类似单词有exciting和excited，interesting和interested，disappointing和disappointed，surprising和surprised，boring和bored等。
The toy made the boy very excited．这个玩具使这个男孩很兴奋。
Hearing the exciting news，he couldn’t fall asleep for a long time．
听到那个令人兴奋的消息，他久久不能入睡。
The weather this summer has been disappointing．
今年夏天的天气一直使人不愉快。
My parents will be disappointed if I fail the exam.
要是我考试不及格，我父母感到失望的。
【拓展】relax v. (使)放松，松开，松懈
relaxation n. 消遣，休息；(对规章制度的)放宽，放松
suppose
【点拨】suppose vt. & vi. 猜想，认为，假设
归纳：
1)suppose that推断，认为
2)suppose sb. / sth. to be... 认为某人/物是……
3)suppose/supposing that假定，假设
4)be supposed to do sth. (按规定、习惯、安排等)应该做某事
5)I suppose so. 我认为是这样的。
I don’t suppose so. /I suppose not．我认为不是这样的。
★suppose后跟宾语从句，当主句主语是第一人称时，后接的宾语从句如果是否定句，应将否定提前到主句，即否定suppose。
★ 注意句型：“疑问词+do you suppose/think/believe...+其余部分”其中“其余部分”要用陈述句语序。类似用法的动词think，believe，imagine，guess等。
经典例句
①I suppose him to be rich．我认为他很富有。
②I don’t suppose he will agree．我认为他不会同意。
③When do you suppose he wrote the book? 你认为他什么时候写的那本书?
④—Will prices go up? 物价会上涨吗?
—I suppose so．我觉得会。
—I suppose not. / I don’t suppose so．我觉得不会。
switch
【原句回放】Then I get up，go downstairs and switch on the TV in the living room．然后我起床、下楼、打开起居室的电视。
【点拨】switch vt. & vi. 转换，转变 n. (电路的)开关，闸，转换器
归纳：
1)switch(from A) to B (由A)转变成B
2)switch on (=turn on)打开(电灯、机器等)
3)switch off (=turn off) 关上(电灯、机器等)
4)switch over换频道
经典例句
①Please switch off the lights when you leave．你离开时请把灯关掉。
②Don’t switch over．The program is wonderful．不要换频道。这个节目很好。
③Which switch do I press to turn it off? 我按哪个开关就能把它关掉了?
bored
【原句回放】Besides，I get bored if there’s nothing to do．而且如果没事做，我会感到无聊。
【点拨】bored adj. 厌烦的，不感兴趣的 (表示人的感觉)
归纳：
1)be bored with对……感到厌烦(=be tired of)
2)be bored to death厌烦透了
I am very bored with the fellow! 我非常讨厌那个家伙!
Mum，I’m feeling very bored．妈妈，我觉得很无聊。
【拓展】boring 令人厌倦(或厌烦)的，没趣的（表示事物的性质）
This book is really boring．这本书真的枯燥无味。
stress
【原句回放】Stress can cause headaches and other illnesses．压力可引发头痛和其他疾病。
【点拨】stress n. 压力，重要性，重音 v. 强调
归纳：
1)under stress在压力下
2)under the stress of在……的压力下
3)place/put/lay stress on 把重点放在……上，强调
经典例句
①Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress．人在压力之下办事情就容易出差错。
②We must place stress on self-confidence．我们必须强调自信。
③He stressed that we should always be honest．他强调说我们应该一直真诚。
【拓展】stressful adj. 有压力的
suffer
【原句回放】John is suffering from backache．约翰正忍受着背疼。
【点拨】suffer vt. & vi. 遭受，（因疾病、痛苦，悲伤等）受苦
归纳：
suffer sth 经受，使遭受（多接loss 损失，pain疼痛，punishment惩罚， defeat失败等名词）
suffer from… 患有 (病痛), 为……所苦
suffer for 为……而受苦
经典例句
①The factory suffered a great loss in the fire．这家工厂在大火中遭受了重大损失。
②The village is suffering from floods．那个村庄正遭受水灾。
③The old man is suffering from a bad cold．这位老人患有重感冒。
【拓展】sufferer n．患病者，受苦者，受难者
suffering n．疼痛，痛苦，折磨，苦难
pressure
【原句回放】The pressure of being a doctor causes me stress．当医生的压力使我感到紧张。
【点拨】pressure n. 压力；紧张，心理压力
归纳：
1)bring/put pressure on sb. (to do sth.) 强迫，促使，劝说某人(做某事)
2)under pressure在压力下
3)under the pressure of在……的压力下
经典例句
①Advertisements put pressure on girls to be thin．广告促使女孩子们瘦身。
②He was under the pressure of his parents to become a doctor．
他是在父母的压力下才当医生的。
③Your blood pressure is too high．你的血压太高了。
reduce
【原句回放】Breathing exercises can help reduce stress．呼吸练习可以帮助减轻压力。
【点拨】reduce vt.& vi. 减少；降低(反义词increase)
归纳：
reduce sth. to
减少到(多少)(强调结果)
reduce sth. by
减少了(多少)(强调程度)
经典例句
①We can’t accept your offer unless the price is reduced by 5%．
除非你们减价5%，否则我们无法接受你的报价。
②The number of employees in the company has been reduced to 35．
这家公司的雇员已经减少到了35人。
③If you buy more than ten，they will reduce the price by 10 percent．
如果你买的数量超过10个的话，他们将把价格降低10%。
organise
【原句回放】 Someone must organise this year’s Christmas party．必须有人组织今年的圣诞节晚会。
【点拨】organise (=organize) vt. & vi. 组织；安排；规划；筹备
He has the ability to organise．他很有组织才能。
I’ll invite people if you can organise food and drinks．如果你能备办饮食，我就负责请人。
He organised the truckers into a union. 他把卡车司机组成工会。
【拓展】
organised adj. 有组织的，有条理的
organisation n. 组织，机构，团体
organiser n. 组织者
His boss is a very organised person．他的老板是一个非常有条理的人。
He’s the president of a large international organisation．他是一个大型国际组织的主席。
stand
【原句回放】I can’t stand talking in front of the class．我无法忍受在全班同学面前讲话。
【点拨】stand vt. 忍耐；忍受（常用于否定句或疑问句，不用进行时。接动词时，用v. –ing）
I cannot stand that man；he talks too much．我忍受不了那个人了，他话太多。
Can you stand being laughed at by others? 你能忍受被别人嘲笑吗?
【拓展】相关短语
1)stand for代表；支持 2)stand by支持(某人)；袖手旁观
3)stand out突出，显眼 4)stand up to经受得住，勇敢反对
UN stands for the United Nations．UN代表联合国。
We can’t stand by when someone is in trouble．当有人处于困境时，我们不能袖手旁观。
I’ll stand by you whatever happens．无论发生什么事，我都支持你。
She’s the sort of person who stands out in a crowd．她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。
Will this car stand up to winter conditions here? 这辆汽车经得起这儿冬天的气候条件吗?
prefer
【原句回放】I prefer meeting people in small groups．我更喜欢一小群人聚会。
【点拨】prefer vt. 更喜欢，宁愿
归纳：
1)prefer + n./pron. 更喜欢
2)prefer to do更愿意做(倾向具体动作)
3)prefer doing更愿意做(倾向普遍的行为习惯)
4)prefer sb. to do sth．更愿意某人做某事
5)prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B
6)prefer(doing) A to (doing) B 宁愿做A而不愿做B
经典例句
①Which do you prefer，coffee or tea. 你更喜欢哪一种(饮料)，咖啡还是茶?
②He prefers to choose a local company．他更愿意选择一家当地的公司。
③They preferred their son to go to college．他们更愿意让儿子上大学。
④He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the movies．他宁愿待在家里也不愿去看电影。
=He prefers staying at home to going to the movies．
【拓展】preference n．偏爱；喜爱；爱好
in preference to而不是
①Do you have a preference for a particular food?你偏爱某一种特别的食物吗?
②Use clear English in preference to technical language．
请使用清晰的英语，而不要使用专业技术词汇。
重点短语
at the moment
【原句回放】... they’re showing some good ones at the moment．……此刻他们正播放一些好电影。
【点拨】at the moment 此刻，目前，现存
I am busy at the moment, but I will do it later. 我现在很忙，但是我稍后会处理这件事的。I haven't got time to write to him at the moment. 我现在还抽不出时间给他写信。【拓展】相关短语1)at any moment 随时，很快 2)for the moment 暂时，目前
3)for a moment 一会儿 4)in a moment 一会儿(后)，立刻，马上
5）the moment —……就……（引导时间状语从句）
①We are all free today and if you need help you can call us at any moment．
今天我们都有空，如果你需要帮助可随时叫我们。
②We have been waiting for the expert for a moment，but he hasn’t shown up．
我们已经等了专家一会儿了，但他还没有出现。
③I recognized her the moment I saw her．我一看到她就认出了她。
④We’re happy living in a flat for the moment．我们对目前住单元房很满意。
go off
【原句回放】I normally wake up about five minutes before my alarm clock goes off．我一般在闹钟响前约5分钟就醒了。
【点拨】go off (爆竹、铃)响；(枪)走火；离开；(电力、暖气等)中断；(食物等)变质；(质量)下降
①The alarm went off when the thief got in．小偷一进来，警铃就响了起来。
②The milk has gone off．Don’t drink it again! 那牛奶已经变质了。不要再喝了!
③The gun went off by accident．枪走火了。
【拓展】相关短语1)go against 违反，与……不符(或相反) 2)go ahead 开始，进行，前进
3)go over 仔细检查(或审查、查阅)某事 4)go out(灯、火)熄灭，过时，出去
5)go through 通过，仔细检查，经历，浏览
6)go on 发生，(情况、形势)继续下去，持续
①Don’t go against your boss；otherwise you will be laid off someday．
不要反对你的上司，否则总有一天你会被解雇的。
②I’ve gone through all my pockets，but I can’t find my keys．
我翻遍了所有口袋，但就是找不到我的钥匙。
take up
【原句回放】Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day．会议和电话占去了一天中的大半时间。
【点拨】take up占据(时问、空间)；开始从事；开始对……感兴趣；拿起①When did you take up playing basketball? 你什么时候开始打篮球的?②Writing in another language demands so much effort that it takes up all my attention. 用另一种语言写作要求付出很多的努力，以致于花费了我所有的注意力。③When did Jane first take up music?
简是什么时候开始对音乐感兴趣的？
【拓展】相关短语
1)take away 拿走，带走 2)take back 收回，取回
3)take over 接管，接手 4)take in 吸收，欺骗，理解，收留，改小
5)take off脱掉，休假，起飞，突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
6)take on雇用，呈现，承担
①The plane took off an hour late. 飞机起飞晚了一个小时。
②The company took on some new staff．这家公司雇用了一些新员工。
③She took me in completely with her story．她用谎话把我完全蒙蔽了。
④He was homeless，so we took him in．他无家可归，我们便收留了他。
be filled with
【原句回放】Every minute of the day is filled with urgent matters．一天中几乎每一分钟都充斥着亟待解决的事情。
【点拨】be filled with 充满着(强调状态，相当于be full of)对比：fill A with B 用B装满A(强调动作)①Please fill the glass with water．请给杯子里盛满水。②The glass is filled with water． 玻璃杯里盛满了水。③Her eyes are filled with tears． 她眼里满含泪水。④I am filled with admiration for your bravery，我由衷钦佩你的勇气。【拓展】fill in填写(表格等)If you want to have the job，you will fill in the form．如果你想申请这份工作，你需要填写这份表格。
重点句型
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
【原句回放】It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash，get changed，have breakfast，leave home and get on a bus．我从洗漱、换衣、吃早饭、离家到坐上公共汽车只用不到15分钟的时间。
【点拨】It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间
It takes more than one day to make a hero. 英雄不是一日成就的。It took him a period of 45 minutes to work out the math problem. 他花了45分钟的时间才解出那道数学题。【拓展】1.sb.+spend(s)+time/money+(in) doing sth./on sth. 某人花……时间/钱做某事2. sth. costs (sb.) ＋金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。(doing) sth. costs (sb.) ＋时间,某物 （做某事）花了（某人）多少时间3. sb. pay (sb.) money for sth. 某人付钱(给某人)买……A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。She spent an hour cleaning her house．她花了一个小时把家打扫了一下。I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。
get +过去分词
【原句回放】It takes me less than fifteen minutes to wash，get changed，have breakfast，leave home and get on a bus．我从洗漱、换衣、吃早饭、离家到坐上公共汽车只用不到15分钟的时间。【点拨】get +过去分词★“get +过去分词”有两种含义，一是表示被动，二是表示某件事意想不到地，突然地或偶然地发生。get changed 换衣服 get dressed 穿上衣服 get caught in the rain 遇上雨Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候，一些玻璃杯被打碎了。You'll soon get used to the climate here. 你很快会习惯这儿的气候的。My fingers got caught in the door. 我的手指被门夹了。Don’t play with knives. You might get hurt. 不要玩刀子，说不定会伤着自己。Happily none got killed in that accident. 幸亏那起车祸没有造成死亡。I gave you a map so you wouldn’t get lost. 我给你一张地图 这样你就不会迷路了。
the first/second.../next/last (+ n.) + to do sth.
【原句回放】I am always the first person to get to the office．我总是第一个到办公室。
【点拨】(sb. be) the first/second.../next/last(+n.) to do sth.
(某人)第一个/第二个……下一个/最后一个做某事
★当名词前有the first, the second等序数词、the last, the only, the very或形容词最高级修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语。
①He is always the first to come and the last to leave．他总是第一个来最后一个离开。
②The next to award the prize was our headmaster．下一个要颁奖的是我们的校长。
③Mike is the only one to win a medal in horse shooting.
在骑马射击中，麦克是惟一一个获奖的。
so that
【原句回放】... I look at some documents that I bring back from the office so that I can be ready for the next day’s work．……到家后我还要看从办公室带回的文件，以便为第二天的工作做准备。
【点拨】so that 以便；为了；以致；因此
1. 引导目的或结果状语从句，从句只放主句后。2. 引导的目的状语从句中常用情态动词can，could，may，might等，so that还可用in order that 替换。I’ll speak slowly so that/ in order that you can understand me．(目的状语从句)我会慢慢说以便你能理解我(的话)。
She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 6 o’clock．(目的状语从句)
她拼命干活以便能在6点时把一切都准备好。
We moved to the countryside so that we were away from the noisy and dull city．(结果状语从句)
我们搬到了乡下，从而远离了吵闹、单调的城市。
He studied hard so that he was admitted to Beijing University．(结果状语从句)
他学习很刻苦，因此考上了北京大学。
巩固练习
I. 单词拼写：
1．We prefer a (和平的) discussion to a hot fight.
2．He (打开) on the computer and began to work.
3．What kind of (生活方式) would you like to live?
4．I know it’s almost (午夜), but we’d better go on and get the job finished.
5．Nowadays, many people have a (便携式的) computer to do their work.
6．The (文件) he passed me just now is very important.
7．All the people ran out of the building when the fire (警报) went off.
8．There is something wrong with the (遥控) control, so you can’t watch TV tonight.
II.用方框中所给的词或词组的适当形式填空
suffer, stress, organize, complain, at the moment
society, be filled with, relax
1．Our next door neighbour said he would ______ it to the police if we made any more noise.
2. The basket __________ apples the old man brought to us from his villiage.
3. Don’t bother your mother. She is very busy ________________.
4. (2019 北京西城期末) Some people couldn’t stand the _______ lifestyle in big cities, so they returned to their hometown.
5. (2019 北京西城期末) He feels uncomfortable because he is _________ from headache.
6. I like listening to music after class ,and I feel very______.
7. My sister Mary was invited to a big ________ party, but because of her quiet nature, she politely refused.
8. I knew nothing about _________ any big event. Could you give me a hand?
III.单项填空
1. Our neighbour's car alarm is always ________ in the middle of the night.
A. going out B. going away C. going by D. going off
2．I don’t like to watch this. There’s a better program on CCTV 6. Please________.
A．turn back B．turn on C．switch off D．switch over
3．The message is very important, so it is supposed ________ as soon as possible.
A．to be sent B．to send C．being sent D．sending
4．When it was time for dinner, the dining hall soon________ the students.
A．filled B．was filled of C．filled up D．was filled with
5. The man was tired of the ______ speech and went out of the room.
A. boring B. bored C. interesting D. interested
6．（2019 北京西城期末）His son’s illness had put him under great _______. That’s why he was always getting angry with others.
A. power B. competition C. challenge D. pressure
7. （2019 北京西城期末）He _______ teaching after he graduated from university and he is a popular teacher at the moment.
A. took up B. put up C. gave up D. picked up
8．During the war，he________ much pain.
A．is suffered B．suffered C．was suffered D．was suffered from
9．Ladies and gentlemen，please switch________ your mobile phones！The plane is taking off.
A．over B．on C．to D．off
10. Rather than _______ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _______ a bicycles.
A. ride； ride B. riding； ride C. ride； to ride D. to ride； riding
11. Mike is the most suitable person________ the task.
A．finished B．finishes C．to finish D．finishing
12. While taking notes, she often uses colored pens for different topics to catch the eye and make things ______.
A. stand out B. give out C. drop out D. go out
13. She bought a digital camera online ______ she would save a lot of time.
A. so that B. as soon as C. no matter D. such that
14. If you are prepared to _________ your price by, say 5%, we might take it.
A. give B. reduce C. increase D. fell
15. I’m interested in animals, so I ________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital
A. pay B. cost C. take D. spend
答案解析：
I.单词拼写：
1. peaceful 2.switched 3. lifestyle 4. midnight 5.portable 6.document 7. alarm
8. remote
II.用方框中所给的词或词组的适当形式填空
1. complain about 2. is filled with 3. at the moment 4. stressful 5. suffering
6. relaxed 7. social 8. organizing
单项填空
1. D。句意：我们邻居家的汽车报警器老是在半夜响。go off“发出响声”； go out“出去”； go away“离开”； go by“(时间上)过去”。
2. D。switch over表示“转换频道”，符合句意。句意：中央六台有好节目，请转换频道。
3.A。句意：信息非常重要，因此应该尽快发出去。be supposed to do sth.“应该做某事”，且it与send之间为被动关系，故选A项。
4. D。句意：当到了吃晚饭的时候，餐厅里很快就挤满了学生。be filled with ＝ be full of “充满……”。
5. A。从上文was tired of可知，那个人讲演一定很枯燥，所以填A，表示事物的性质，而bored表示“（人）感到枯燥”。
6. D。句意：他儿子的病使他处于很大的压力之下。那就是他总是生别人的气的原因。根据句意，选D。
7. A。take up表示“占据(空间、时间)”，符合句意。 power 力量，权力；competition竞赛； challenge 挑战。
8. B。句意：战争时期，他受了很多的苦。说的是过去的事，用一般过去时。所以选B。
9. D。飞机起飞前应该是关上手机，所以选D。switch off 关上（电器等）；
10. C。prefer to do A rather than do B 与做B相比，更喜欢做A。句意：他总喜欢骑自行车，而不愿意坐拥挤的公交车。
11. C。句意：迈克是完成这项任务最合适的人选。当名词前有形容词的最高级修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语。故选C。
12. A。做笔记时，用彩色钢笔画不同的内容，目的就是让内容突出，所以选A。
13. A。在网上购物是为了省时间，因为空后是目的，所以用so that引导目的状语从句。
14. B。句意：如果你愿意降价5%，我们就买。reduce by 减少了；increase 增加；fall 作“下降”讲，是不及物动词，要用价格作主语。
15. D。人作主语，表示“花钱/时间”，要用spend。take表示“花时间”，一般用it代替“做某事”作主语。pay 付钱；cost表示“花时间、精力等”，用事物作主语。