北师大版高中英语必修一Unit 1 Lifestyles语言点（二）

Unit 1 Lifestyles语言点（二）
目标认知
重点词汇
volunteer，graduate，challenge，support，design，otherwise，distance，join
重点短语
as a result，come up with，over the years, be fond of, as well as, be free of, make sure,
make a difference
重点句型
What do/does sb. think of sth.?
so...that
find ... + adj.
知识讲解
重点词汇
volunteer
【原句回放】 I need a volunteer to help with cooking．我需要一名志愿者帮忙做饭。
【点拨】volunteer n. 志愿者
v. 自愿做；义务做；无偿做
常用搭配
1)volunteer to do sth．自愿做某事
2)volunteer for sth．自愿做某事
3)volunteer sth．自愿做某事；主动提供某物
经典例句
①They volunteered to repair the house for the old lady. 他们主动替老太太修缮了房子。
②He volunteered for the speech．他自愿参加这次演讲。
③He volunteered his services as a driver．他自愿服务充当司机。
④They were volunteers to run the Christmas Show．他们自愿组织这次圣诞节表演。
【拓展】voluntary adj. 自愿的，自动的，主动的
voluntary work 志愿工作
graduate
【原句回放】Kate graduated from medical school last year and she’s working in a big hospital now．凯特去年从医学院毕业，目前在一家大医院工作。
【点拨】graduate vi.毕业
n. (大学)毕业生；研究生
常用搭配：graduate from从……毕业
经典例句
①She graduated from Harvard this year．她今年毕业于哈佛大学。
②It was my first job after graduation．它是我毕业后的第一份工作。
【拓展】graduation n. 毕业；毕业典礼
My whole family came to my graduation．我的家人都来参加了我的毕业典礼。
challenge
【原句回放】The company is ready to meet the challenge of the next few years．这家公司已经做好了应对未来几年挑战的准备。
【点拨】challenge v. 对……怀疑(质疑)；向……挑战
常用搭配：
1)accept／respond to／take up a challenge 接受挑战
2)a challenge of 一个……的挑战
3)challenge sb. to do sth. 向(某人)挑战；(尤指在对方不情愿时)强烈建议(某人做某事)
经典例句
①He challenged me to play chess．他向我挑战下国际象棋。
②The new position challenged him to study still hard in his spare time．
这个新的岗位要求他在业余时间仍要努力学习。
③She likes her job to be a challenge．她喜欢艰巨的工作。
④John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem．
约翰·斯诺想面对这个挑战，并解决这个问题。
【拓展】challenging adj. 有挑战性的
support
【原句回放】His idea to organise a big party has won support from his friends．他要组织一个大型舞会的想法得到了朋友们的支持。
【点拨】support vt. 支持，拥护；证实；赡养；支撑
n. 支持，资助
常用搭配
1)give／lend／offer／provide support to sb．支持某人
2)in support of为了支持、拥护……
3)support a family/oneself 养家糊口/自力更生
经典例句
①His family and friends gave him lots of support．
他的家人和朋友给了他许多支持。
②You should support yourself after you graduate from university．
大学毕业后你得自己养活自己了。
③In support of his sister，he sold his only house to pay the school fee．
为了支持他的妹妹，他卖掉了他唯一的房子来支付(她的)学费。
④She supported her husband through many difficult times.
她支持她的丈夫度过了很多的艰难岁月。
design
【原句回放】 Lesson：How to design a website课程：如何设计网站
【点拨】design n. 设计，图案，构思
vt. 设计，计划，构思
常用搭配
1)design...for... 为……设计……
2)be designed for 被打算用来做……
3)be designed to do 被打算做……
4)by design故意地(=on purpose)(反义短语by accident/chance偶然地)
经典例句
①She designed a new logo for the company．她为这家公司设计了一个新的标志。
②This fund is designed to help poor students．这项基金是为帮助贫困学生的。
otherwise
【原句回放】I need to do that because I don’t get enough exercise otherwise．我需要运动，否则我就得不到足够的锻炼。
【点拨】otherwise adv. 否则；另外，在其他方面
经典例句
①Shut the window；otherwise it’ll get too cold here．关上窗户，要不然这儿会太冷。
②You had better go now；otherwise you’ll miss the train．
你最好现在就走，要不然就赶不上火车了。
③She is not very clever，but otherwise she’s a nice girl．
她并不太聪明，但在其他方面，她是个好姑娘。
④The rent is high，but otherwise the house is fine．租金是贵了点，但房子其他方面很好。
⑤Spend time with happy people—otherwise your health could suffer．
与快乐的人在一起，不然健康可能有所损害。
distance
【原句回放】Right now I am studying Chinese by distance learning．现在我正在通过远程教育学习汉语。
【点拨】distance n. 距离
常用搭配
1)in the distance 在远处，在远方
2)at a distance 离一段距离
3)at a distance of 以……的距离
4)keep sb. at a distance 对某人冷淡，同某人疏远
5) keep one’s distance 保持疏远
经典例句
①The beach is within walking distance of my house．海滩离我家很近，走几步路就到了。
②I saw a light in the distance．我看见远处有灯光。
③The picture looks better at a distance．那幅画隔一段距离看更漂亮。
④She was warned to keep her distance from Charles if she didn't want to get hurt.她得到警告如果她不想受伤害的话要与查理斯保持距离。
【拓展】distant adj．远处的，遥远的
join
【原句回放】To solve this problem，the Duchess came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her for an afternoon meal between four and five o’clock．为解决这个问题，这位公爵夫人想到了一个聪明的主意，她邀请一些朋友到她家在下午四点到五点之间享受一顿下午餐。
【点拨】join v. 与（某人）一起；加入（某组织）；连结
常用搭配
join in 参加（小规模的活动如“球赛、游戏”）
join sb. in sth. / doing sth. 与其人一起做某事
join A to B 把A连接到B上
join A and B 把A和B连在一起
Come and join us in the game. 来和我们一起玩吧！His brother joined the army three years ago.他哥哥是三年前参军的。
We are having supper now. Would you like to join us?我们正在吃晚饭，你也来和我们一起吃吧？Why didn’t you join in the talk last night? 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
The island is joined to the mainland by a bridge. 有座桥把这个岛与大陆相连。
【拓展】attend和take part in
1. take part in 参加(群众性活动、会议等)，往往指参加者持积极态度．起一份作用。
2. attend主要是指以观众或听众的身份来参加，一般用于参加会议、出席典礼或者招待会等，也可以指上学，听课，听演讲或者讲座等。
All the students took an active part in the thorough cleaning.
所有的学生都积极参加了大扫除。
The school was attended almost only by local children.
几乎只有本地孩子上这所学校。
重点短语
as a result
【原句回放】As a result，people often got very hungry during the long wait between these two meals．结果，在早晚两顿饭之间的漫长等待过程中，人们经常感到饥饿。
【点拨】as a result 结果；因此
常用搭配
as a result of由于……的结果；因为
经典例句
①He was caught in the rain．As a result，he had a bad cold．
他挨了雨淋，结果患了重感冒。
②The sports meeting has to be put off as a result of the weather．
由于天气原因，运动会不得不被推迟。
【拓展】
1)result in造成；导致(接结果)
2)result from由……而引起(接原因)
The accident resulted in his death．这起车祸造成他的死亡。
His death resulted from an accident．他的死亡是因为一起事故。
come up with
【原句回放】To solve this problem，the Duchess came up with the clever idea of inviting some friends to join her for an afternoon meal between four and five o’clock．为解决这个问题，这位公爵夫人想到了一个聪明的主意，她邀请一些朋友到她家在下午四点到五点之间享受一顿下午餐。
【点拨】come up with 想出(计划、答案)；产生；发现
对比：come up即将发生，出现，到来；被提及(不及物动词短语)
经典例句
①He couldn’t come up with a good plan．他想不出一个好方案。
②A number of questions came up at the meeting. 会议上提出了若干问题。③She came up with a new suggestion to solve the problem． 她提出了一种解决这个问题的新建议。
④I’ll tell you if anything comes up. 如果发生什么事情，我会告诉你的。
【拓展】含come的短语
come about发生 come across偶然遇见(发现)；被理解
come out出版；开花；被获知，为人所知 come on加油；得了吧；开始
come to苏醒过来；总计；涉及 come to an end结束
How does it come about that you’re late again? 你又迟到了是怎么回事?
She came across some old photographs in the drawer．她偶然在抽屉里发现了一些旧照片。
When is his new novel coming out? 他的新小说何时出版?
When Alice came to，she didn’t know how long she had been lying there．
当艾丽斯苏醒过来时，她不知道自己已经在那儿躺了多长时间了。
over the years
【原句回放】I think I've changed a lot over the years.我认为这些年我变了许多。
【点拨】over the years 几年来（常与现在完成时连用）
My tastes have changed greatly over the years.
几年来我的爱好有了很大改变。
Life was difficult then but things have got better and better over the years
那时生活很艰难，但这些年来情况变得越来越好。
Over the years, the game had been produced using letters in different sizes and game boards in different colors. (2019 广东高考)
这些年来，这种游戏都是用不同大小的字母和不用颜色的游戏板的方式制作的。
be fond of
【原句回放】Unfortunately, my wife isn’t as fond of them as I am. 不幸的是，我妻子不像我一样喜欢它们。
【点拨】be fond of 喜欢（of是介词，后接动词时需用动词-ing形式）
注意：be fond of 也指常喜欢做可能让别人不高兴、不喜欢的的事。
I am fond of swimming in summer.
夏季我喜欢游泳。
My mother was fond of little pet when she was young.
当我年轻时候，我喜欢小宠物。
She used to be fond of Michael Jackson’s songs very much.
她过去很喜欢迈克尔杰克逊的歌。
Tom’s very fond of telling other people what to do.
汤姆就喜欢告诉别人该做什么事。
【拓展】grow fond of 慢慢喜欢上了
We have grown fond of the house and don’t want to leave.
我已经喜欢这个房子了，不想离开。
be free of
【原句回放】I have to make sure they are free of sickness. 我必须确保它们不生病。
【点拨】be free of 无……的，免于……，免除……，摆脱……
注意：同义短语 be free from。be free of sb. / sth. 还有“离开（你不喜欢的人和物）”之意。
The streets have been swept free of leaves.
街上的落叶已打扫乾净。
I’m free of that place at last.
我终于离开了那个地方。
This city is free from thieves.
这个城市没有盗贼。
You must be careful to keep the wound free from the dirt.
你必须小心，以免伤口沾上污物。
When her son returned, she was at last free from anxiety.
她儿子回来了，她总算解除了忧虑。
【拓展】
be free to do sth. 自由做某事 free of charge 免费的
for free 免费的 set... free 释放
make sure
【原句回放】I have to make sure they are free of sickness. 我必须确保它们不生病。
【点拨】make sure 确定，确信，证实
常用搭配：
make sure that... 确认某事
make sure of/about sth. 确认某事
经典例句
You must believe you are the best and then make sure you are.
你必须要相信自己是最好的，然后努力使自己成为最好。
It is important to make sure you type a password correctly.
确保您键入密码正确很重要。
—Make sure of his coming before you set off. 出发之前要确定他是否来。
—I’m sure that he would come. 我确信他会来。
【拓展】类似短语
be sure to do sth. 务必/ 一定会做某事
be sure of / about sth. 肯定……，对……有把握
be sure that... 肯定……，对……有把握
He is sure to get nervous and say something stupid. 他肯定会紧张，说出一些愚蠢的话来。
as well as
【原句回放】Merchants and bankers went to coffeehouses to do their business, as well as to drink coffee. 商人和银行家去咖啡馆边谈生意，边喝咖啡。
【点拨】as well as 同……一样好；不仅……而且，也，和
注意：
1. as well as除了用于同级比较外，还用作连词，连接两个并列的同等成分。
2. 连接两个并列成分作主语时，句子的谓语动词应该与前面那个名词或代词的人称或数保持一致。
3. as well as还可作介词，意思是“除了……之外，还有”，常接名词或动名词，相当于besides。
经典例句
He speaks English as well as a native speaker.
他讲的英语是和英语是母语的人一样好。
对比：He can speak Spanish as well as English.
他不但会说英语，而且会讲西班牙语。
In China, as well as in Canada, the weather changes from season to season.
中国的天气和加拿大一样随季节的变化而变化。
His children as well as his wife were invited to the party.
不但他太太，连他的孩子们也都被邀请参加了聚会。
As well as eating seven-course meals, they drank three bottles of wine.
他们除了吃了七道菜之外，还喝了三瓶酒。
【拓展】as well也 (＝too)
I am going to London and my sister is going as well.
我要到伦敦去，我妹妹也要去。
make a difference
【原句回放】So start being happy today and make a difference to your quality of life. 所以今天开始高兴些，让你的生活质量有所不同。
【点拨】make a difference有影响，有关系，使得结果不同
注意：有时可以在difference前加形容词，表示程度。
Does his absence make a difference to your work?
假如没有他,对你的工作会有影响吗?
One false step will make a great difference.
失之毫厘，谬以千里。
It won’t make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow.
你今天去或明天去没有多大关系。
I knew I wanted to make a difference in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. (2019 广东高考) 我知道我想以某种方式在这个世界有点影响，但是我不知道如何去做。
【拓展】make no difference 没有关系，没有重要性
重点句型
What do/does sb. think of sth.?
【原句回放】What do her parents think of her decision? 她的父母认为她的决定怎么样?
【点拨】What do/does sb. think of sth.? （=How do/does sb. like/find sth.?）
某人认为某事/物怎么样？（常用于提问对某物的看法）
①—How do you like the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样?
—Very interesting．非常有趣。
②What do her parents think of her decision? 她父母怎么看她的决定？
③—What do you think of my son’s performance in class?
你认为我儿子在课堂上的表现怎么样？
—He is active in the activities in class.
【拓展】询问某对某人/物的评价与看法的说法还有：
1)What is sb./sth. like? 某人/某物怎么样?(常用于询问某人的情况，如：性格、外貌等)
2)What do/does sb. look like? 某人长得怎么样?(常用于询问某人的外貌)
—What is he like? 他怎么样?
—He is very handsome and honest．他很帅，很诚实。
—What does he look like? 他长得怎么样?
—He is very handsome．他长得很帅。
so ... that
【原句回放】Usually，it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit．通常地铁很拥挤，以至于我很难找到座位。
【点拨】so ... that 如此地……以至于……（that引导结果状语从句）
同义连词：such...that 如此地……以至于……
对比结构：
adj. / adv.
1)so+ adj. + a / an +n. (单) +that
many/few/much/little + n.
a/an(+adj.)+n. (单)
2)such+ (adj. +) n. (复) +that
(adj. +) n. (不可数)
★such + a/an + adj. +n. (单)= so + adj. +a/an + n.(单)
经典例句
This is such a heavy box (=so heavy a box) that nobody can lift it．
这个箱子是那么重以至于没有人能举起它。
②He made so many mistakes that he didn’t pass the exam．他出的错太多，以至于没通过考试。
③The TV play is so interesting that I have watched it several times．
这部电视剧非常有趣，(结果)我看了好几遍。
④There were such a lot of people in the street that we could hardly move on．
街上人太多，以至于我们简直无法移动。
【拓展】so that可以引导目的和结果状语从句。
I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 为了赶上头班车，我起得很早。
I got up early so that I caught the first bus. 我起得很早，结果赶上了头班车。
find ... + adj.
【原句回放】I find painting or drawing very relaxing. 我发现画画很放松。
【点拨】find +sb./sth.+ adj. 发现某人/物……
1. 此结构中形容词作宾语（某人/物）的宾语补足语。
We found Bob very kind and honest. 我们发现鲍勃又善良又诚实。
I find listening to music very relaxing. 我觉得听音乐非常放松。
2. 除了形容词外，还可以用现在分词（-ing）、过去分词（-ed）、名词、副词、介词短语以及不定式to be等来充当宾语补足语。You will find it a very difficult book. 你会发现那是一本很难的书。
Mary hurried there, only to find them all out. 玛丽匆匆赶到那里，却发现他们都出去了。 When he woke up, he found himself in hospital. 当他醒来时，发现自己在医院里。
I found a number of people already working there. 我发现有些人已经在那里工作了。
3. 此结构中的宾语如果是不定式，因为有宾语补足语，不定式一般要后置，宾语处用it代替。
I found it hard to work out the problem. 我发现很难做出这道题。
【拓展】类似句型：make ... + adj. 使某人/物……
The internet makes it possible to shop without actually having to go to a real store.
互联网使不需去实际的商店而购物成为可能。（因为有形容词作宾语补足语，不定式后置）
巩固练习
一、单词拼写
1．After ________ (毕业) from high school in 2019, he was admitted by Beijing University.
2．My job at the gym is purely __________ (自愿的) and I work together with many volunteers.
3．We can see the mountain from the _________ (远处).
4．My aunt has decided to have two meals a day to go on a (节食). She always complains about her weight.
5．My husband is under (压力) because he has too much work to do in his business.
6．The weekend party was ________ (设计) to bring the two old men together.
7．Why don’t you put an (广告) in the newspaper to sell your house?
8．When you speak or give a (陈述), try to speak clearly.
9．It was really a (挑战) to speak before such a large audience.
10．There was no doubt that their (支持) made a difference in our plan.
二、选词填空
otherwise， in the distance, make any difference, as well as, be free of, make sure
1. It doesn’t _________________ to me what you do.
2. The mother called up his daughter and said, “_________ you get there before midnight.”
3. I don’t think we can really ____________ tradition. We must have the Spring Festival, for example.
4. We walked and walked and finally saw a light __________. There must be a house there.
5．I need to go to the gym because I don’t have spare time to do enough exercise .
6. We are repairing the roof, __________ painting the walls. The house will look great soon.
三、单项填空
1．（2019 北京西城期末考试）We should go to the cinema early．__________，there won’t be any tickets left.
A．However B．Otherwise C．Besides D．Instead
2．（2019 宿州符离中学期中考试）A lot of new questions ________ at the meeting, which made things even worse.
A. came across B. came on C. came up D. came in
3．Tell John not to leave the house unless he ________ that the lights ________.
A．will make sure; will be turned off B．will make sure; will turn off
C．makes sure; are turned off D．is made sure; will be turned off
4．Oil prices keep going up.________，many people now choose to take the bus instead of driving their own cars.
A． As a result B．By the way C．In other words D．At the same time
5．It is not easy for me to solve all these difficult problems on my own，but I like ________．
A．challenges B．presentations C．advertisements D．forecasts
6．When traveling in Yunnan Province, visitors always see mountains covered by white snow ________.
A．at the distance B．in a distance C．at distance D．in the distance
7．When day broke，we found ourselves ________ on the shore.
A．lying B．lain C．lay D．to lie
8．It was ________ cold that they had to put on more clothes.
A．such a B．so a C．such D．so
9．Living in the coastal village，they are completely ________ from any kind of pollution.
A．away B．alone C．out D．free
10. Would you ______ us in the discussion? I think you can give us good advice.
A. join B. attend C. take part in D. join in
四、翻译句子
1. （2019 北京海淀期末考试）我发现要理解这三幅不同风格的绘画作品很难。（find...difficult to do）
______________________________________________________________
2. 他们篮球队那么强以致我们无法击败他们。（so... that）
______________________________________________________________
3.约翰特别喜欢挑剔别人的毛病。（be fond of）
______________________________________________________________
4. 由于大雪他迟到了。（as a result）
______________________________________________________________
5. ——你认为汤姆的新自行车怎么样？——真的很新潮。（think of）
_______________________________________________________________
答案解析
一、单词拼写
1．graduating 2．voluntary 3．distance 4. diet 5. stress 6．designed 7．advertisement 8．presentation 9．challenge 10. support
二、选词填空
1. make any difference 2. Make sure 3. be free of 4. in the distance 5．otherwise
5. as well as
三、单项填空
1. B。句意：我们应该早点去电影院，否则就没有票剩下了。根据句意选B。However 然而Otherwise 否则，不然；Besides 而且，此外；Instead 代替，反而。
2. C。come up是不及物动词短语，意思是“被提出”，符合题意。come across 偶然遇到；come on 用来安慰、鼓励、催促等场合。句意：会上提出了许多问题，这使情况更糟。
3．C。unless在此引导条件状语从句，意为“如果不”，从句通常用一般现在时；make sure后面的宾语从句通常用一般现在时，故选C。
4．A。题干中，“许多人选择坐公交车而不是开私家车”和“油价持续上升”之间是因果关系，故选A。as a result 结果；by the way 顺便说一声；in other words 换句话说；at the same time 与此同时。
5．A。句意：我独自解决所有这些难题不是件容易的事，但我喜欢挑战。根据句意可知故选A。challenge 挑战；presentation 展示；advertisement 广告；forecast 预报
6．D。句意：游客在云南旅游时，他们总是在远处观看被白雪所覆盖的山峦。A、B、C三项不是固定短语；in the distance“在远处”。
7．A。句意：当天破晓时，我们发现自己躺在沙滩上。find sb. doing 发现某人正在做……，lie和宾语ourselves是主动关系，而且正在进行，所以用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
8．D。cold 此处是形容词，后面没有名词，所以用so修饰。句意：天这么冷，我们不得不穿上更多的衣服。
9．D。句意：因为生活在沿海的村庄，他们完全摆脱了所有污染。be free from “免于，摆脱，不受……影响”。
10．A。join sb. in sth./ doing sth. 和某人一起做某事，符合此题题意。attend后多接会议、上课、讲演、仪式等；take part in 多指参加较大的活动，并在其中起一定作用；join in 多指较小型的活动，如球赛等。而join后面直接加人。
四、翻译句子
1. I find it difficult to understand the three paintings with different (painting) styles.
2. Their basketball team was so powerful that we couldn’t defeat them.
3. John’s extremely fond of pointing out other people’s mistakes.
4. He was late as a result of the heavy snow.
5. ----What do you think of Tom’s new bicycle? -----It’s really modern.