北师大版高中英语必修一 Unit 2 Heroes语言点（二）

Unit 2 Heroes语言点（二）
目标认知
重点词汇
compete，promote，react，absolutely，admire，commit，involve，confident，keen
重点短语
look back，come to an end，on one’s own，give up，come to do sth.，pull through，get on，far too
重点句型
since…
祈使句 +and/or+简单句
not only…but also
知识讲解
重点词汇
compete
【原句回放】He has always been very strict with his daughters training them hard to compete against each other．他总是严格要求他的女儿，严格训练她们相互竞争。
【点拨】compete vi. 竞争，比赛
常用结构
1)compete for为……而竞争
2)compete with/against与……竞争
3)compete in在……中竞争
经典例句
①The two teams will compete for the championship．
那两支队将争夺冠军地位。
②Five athletes competed for the gold medal with each other in the 100-meter dash．
五位运动员在一百米赛跑中争夺金牌。
【拓展】competition n．比赛，竞争
competitor n. 竞争者，对手
competitive adj. 竞争的
promote
【原句回放】He also raised a lot of money to promote medical research into back injuries．他还筹集了许多钱用来促进对背部受伤的医学研究。
【点拨】promote vt．促进，提升
常用结构
1)promote...as... 把……提升为……
2)promote...from...to... 把……从……提升到……
经典例句
①She worked hard and was soon promoted．她工作很努力，不久就被提升了。
②Do you have any ideas to promote the sales of this product?
你有什么办法来促销这种产品吗?
③The boss promoted him from a clerk to the post of section manager because of his ability．
因为他的能力，老板把他从职员晋升为区域经理。
【拓展】promotion n. 提升，提拔，晋升
react
【原句回放】How did your parents react to the accident? 你父母对这次事故的反应如何?
【点拨】react vi. 反应
常用结构
1)react to sb. /sth. 对某人/事作出反应
2)react with 与……起(化学)反应
经典例句
①How did she react to your suggestion?
她对你的建议有什么反应?
②He wasn’t sure how to react to the news．
消息传来之后他不知该怎么办。
【拓展】reaction n. 反应，回应
常用结构：in reaction to 针对……的反应
He was surprised that his answer caused such a strong reaction．
他很惊奇地发现他的回答引起了那么强烈的反应。
absolutely
【点拨】absolutely adv. 完全地，绝对地：当然
①—Don’t you agree? 你不同意吗?
—Oh，absolutely! 噢，当然!
②You’re absolutely right．你完全正确。
③It’s difficult to cross the desert by car，but not absolutely impossible．
乘小汽车穿越沙漠是有困难的，但并非完全不可能。
【拓展】absolute adj. 完全的，全部的，绝对的
admire
【原句回放】(e. g. who you admire—Ge Fei，the badminton champion)(例如：你钦佩的人——羽毛球冠军葛菲)
【点拨】admire vt. 钦佩，羡慕
常用结构
1)admire sb. for sth. 因某事而钦佩某人
经典例句
①The girls admired her for her new skirt．=The girls admired her new skirt．
女孩们羡慕她的新裙子。
②The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching．
这所学校教学(质量)优秀，远近闻名。
③There are many paintings to be admired at the art museum．
美术馆里有许多令人赞叹的绘画作品。
【拓展】admiration n. 赞美，钦佩
admirable adj. 令人羡慕的，令人钦佩的
常用结构：have admiration for sb. /sth. 羡慕/钦佩某人/物
commit
【原句回放】Of course, I’ve had moments of feeling sorry for myself, but I've never had any thoughts of committing suicide. 当然，有时我确实为自己感到遗憾，但我从未产生过自杀的念头。
【点拨】commit vt. 犯罪；做错事；使……承担义务（加-ed或-ing要双写t）
常用结构
commit suicide 自杀
commit a crime 犯罪
commit oneself to sb/sth 对某人承诺；答应对某事负责
be committed to (doing)sth 致力于；委身于；以……为己任
经典例句
It is impossible not to commit a mistake.
不犯错误是不可能的。
He committed three petrol station robbery in two day.
两天内，他三次暴力抢劫汽油加油站。
Don't commit yourself. It'll let us in for trouble.
别随便许诺。这会使我们陷入麻烦的。
He was committed to the cause of world peace.
他献身于谋求世界和平的事业。
【拓展】committed adj. 尽心尽力的；忠心耿耿的
commitment n. 承诺；奉献
involve
【原句回放】How did you get involved with charity work? 你是怎样参与到慈善事业中去的？
【点拨】involve vt. 参与；涉及
常用结构
involve with 和……有密切联系；和……混在一起
get involved with 参加，参与；与……关系密切
be involved in... 包含在……；与……有关；被卷入；专心做...
经典例句
How should we involve ourselves in school life?
我们应该怎样投入学校生活？
Don't involve me in solving your problems!
你解决你的问题，不要把我拉进去！
She was deeply involved with the local hospital.
她曾把精神和时间投入当地医院。
She didn't want to be involved in trouble.
她不想卷入纠纷。
【拓展】involved adj. 有关联的，有关系的
A reader can enjoy an indirect experience without any of the dangers or stresses involved.
读者会喜欢没有任何的相关危险和压力的间接经验。（2019 江苏模拟）
confident
【原句回放】With the progress of new medical research, I’m confident that people like me would be able to walk again one day. 随着医学新的进步和发展，我相信像我这样的人终有一天会重新站起来。
【点拨】confident adj. 自信的；确信的
常用结构
be confident of =be sure of 确信
be confident in 对……有信心
be confident that .... 确信……
Give your commands in a loud, confident voice.
发命令声音要洪亮、坚定。
I think I am fully confident of his success.
我想我完全肯定他能成功。
He felt confident in the future.
他确信会获得胜利。
【拓展】confidence n. 信心；确信，自信
confidently adv 自信地；安心地
Samuel says confidently, “It’s all about super memory---I guess I have that gift.”
塞缪尔自信地说：“那都是有关超级记忆的——我猜我有那种天分。”(2019 广东模拟)
keen
【原句回放】They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end. 她们俩都对网球生涯结束后从事设计工作极感兴趣。
【点拨】keen adj. 锋利的；热心的；渴望的；敏捷的
常用结构
be keen for 希望得到
be keen on 热衷于
be keen to do sth 热心做某事
经典例句
The blind have a keen sense of touch.
盲人有敏锐的触觉。
He told me that he was keen to help.
他告诉我他很想帮忙。
I'm very keen on outdoor sports.
我非常喜欢户外运动。
重点短语
look back
【原句回放】Finally，in 1991，the sisters and their family moved to a safer area and since then they have never looked back．最终，在1991年，她们姐妹俩和家人搬到一个较安全的地区，从此再也没有回去过。
【点拨】look back 回顾：回头看
常见结构：look back on sth. 回顾某事
He can look back on his career with great satisfaction．他可以心满意足地回顾自己的经历。
It can be fun to look back on what we did in school. 回忆学生生活是有趣的。
【拓展】相关短语
1)look after照顾，照料
2)look through快速查看，浏览
3)look forward to(高兴地)期待，盼望
4)look out向外看(of)；当心(for)
5)look into调查
6)look on...as... 把……看作……
7)look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查找，查阅；抬头看
8)look up to仰慕，尊敬
9)look down on/upon轻视，看不起
经典例句
①Who will look after the child while his mother is in hospital?
在他的母亲住院期间，谁将照顺这个孩子？
②He stood at the window and looked out(at the view)．他站在窗前向外看(风景)。
③When she married the boss，she looked down on the office girls she had worked with．
她嫁给老板后，便瞧不起曾同她一起办公的女职员了。
come to an end
【原句回放】They have already expressed a keen interest in working in design after their tennis careers come to an end．她们俩都对网球生涯结束后从事设计工作极感兴趣。
【点拨】come to an end结束
The meeting came to an end at last. 会议终于结束了。
【拓展】相关短语
1)put an end to... 结束……
2)in the end最后
3)on end竖起，直立；连续地
4)end up with以……结束
5)end up as最终做了……
6)end up结束……
7)end in以……告终，结果……
经典例句
①We must put an end to this foolish behavior．我们必须结束这种愚蠢的行为。
②He ended up his letter with good wishes to the family．他以对家人的美好祝愿结束了这封信。
③It rained for three days on end．雨连续下了三天。
④Their marriage ended in divorce．他们的婚姻以离婚而告终。
on one’s own
【原句回放】 At first，he couldn’t breathe without a machine，but he learnt to breathe on his own．起初，他离不开呼吸机，但他学会自己呼吸了。
【点拨】on one’s own 单独地，独自地(=by oneself=alone)
对比结构
on one’s own 单独地，独自地
of one’s own 属于某人自己的
经典例句
①Every student should do his homework on his own．每个学生都应独立完成家庭作业。
②He decided to go to Tibet from Beijing by bike on his own．他决定独自骑车从北京去西藏。
③He has a car of his own．他拥有一辆属于自己的汽车。
give up
【原句回放】Have you thought of giving up after the accident? 事故发生后，你曾想过放弃吗?
【点拨】give up放弃
常用结构：give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
He soon gave up smoking when he heard the medical report．
他听了那次医学报告后，就把烟戒了。
【拓展】相关短语
1)give in(to sb．/sth．)屈服，认输，投降
2)give away泄露，赠送，颁发
3)give out公布，宣布，用完，耗尽
4)give off放出，发出(气体、光、热等)
5)give back归还，送回
经典例句
He’ll give away most of his fortune to the poor after he retires．
退休以后，他将把他的大部分财产捐赠给穷人。
After I ran for an hour，my strength gave out and I fell onto the ground．
我跑了一个小时后，筋疲力尽，栽倒在地上。
come to do sth.
【原句回放】 Four days after the injury，I came to understand my situation．受伤4天后，我开始意识到自己的处境。
【点拨】come to do sth. 开始（认识、理解）
I hope we shall be friends and come to understand one another.
我希望我们能成为朋友，彼此互相了解。
When you get older, you'll come to realize how much your parents have done for you.
当你逐渐长大时，你才逐渐发现你的父母为你付出了多少。
【拓展1】come to 逐渐……，终于……；达到某种状态；苏醒；总计；涉及
注意：此短语中的to是介词。
I never thought it would come to this．我一点都没想到情况会变成这样。
When it comes to politics, I know nothing．说到政治，我一无所知。
相关短语：
come to a conclusion 得出结论 come to a decision 作出决定
come to an agreement 达成协议 come to an end 结束
come to(oneself) 苏醒过来 when it comes to sth. 当涉及某事/某物时
【拓展2】come off it 别胡扯
pull through
【原句回放】 The doctor said I was not going to pull through．医生说我无法康复了。
【点拨】pull through 使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关
The situation’s tough but we’ll pull through．形势很严峻，但我们会渡过难关。
Together we always pull through. 我们总是一起度过难关。
The patient won't pull through, I'm afraid. 病人怕不行了。
【拓展】相关短语
1)pull down 摧毁，拆毁
2)pull in (车)进站停靠，挣钱
3)pull out (车)出站，驶出，驶离路边
经典例句
They got to the station too late；the train was pulling out．
他们晚了一步到达车站；火车正好驶离。
A car suddenly pulled out in front of me．一辆汽车突然由路边冲到我前面。
They have begun to pull down the old building．他们已经开始拆除那座古建筑了。
get on
【原句回放】 We have always got on really well．Our relationship has always been fantastic．我们一直相处得很好，而目关系一直都很融洽。
【点拨】get on (=get along) 融洽相处，进展(常和with搭配)；上(车，船等)
How are you getting on/along with your studies these days? 你近来学习如何?
He’s a person who’s easy to get on/along with．他是个容易相处的人。
【拓展】相关短语
1)get down to 开始做(to为介词)
2)get over 克服
3)get rid of 摆脱，除去
4)get through 接通电话，完成，通过，穿过
5)get around 传播，各处走动
6)get in 进入，收割
7)get out of 从……中出来，摆脱
far too
【原句回放】So you can see, I'm far too busy with living to think of giving up. 因此你可以看到，我现在太忙着生活了，决不会考虑放弃。
【点拨】far too 极为；非常；太…… （相当于too，修饰形容词或副词）常用结构：far too +adj. /adv. + to do 太……而不能做……
He drove far too fast to notice the dog on the road.
他开车开得太快了，注意不到路上那条狗。
This English poem is far too hard to translate.
这首英文诗非常难译。
【拓展1】far adj. 远的；adv. 远远地 （强调程度）。
He is very lazy. He falls far behind in his studies.
他太懒了，在学习上远远落后。
This one is far more beautiful than that one.
这个比那个漂亮多了。
【拓展2】相关短语
far from... 远非……，远离
so far 到目前为止；迄今（与现在完成时连用）
as far as I know 据我所知
As far as I know, he is an honest boy. 据我所知，他是一个诚实的孩子。
His explanation was far from satisfactory. 他的解释一点也不令人满意。
The scene is laid in a village far from the city. 故事发生在远离城市的一个小村庄里。
So far the search for the missing boy has been fruitless.
到目前为止，还没有找到那失踪的男孩。
重点句型
since…
【原句回放】Since then，she has won Wimbledon and the US Open twice．从那时到现在，她已经两次赢得温布尔登网球公开赛和美国网球公开赛冠军。
【点拨】since 自从……以来，连词
注意：since可以引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语常用现在完成时，而since后接表示过去的时间点或从句，从句的谓语常用一般过去时。
经典例句
①I have been there many times since the war．自那次战争以来，我曾去过那里多次。
②Mary hasn’t phoned since she went to Beijing．玛丽自从去了北京还没有打过电话。
★句型：It is/has been+一段时间+since从句
注意：
1. 此句型的句意取决于从句的谓语动词是否可延续。
2. 从句的谓语如果是延续性或表状态的动词，应从动作结束算起；如果是短暂性动词从动作开始算起。
It has been/is three days since he left home. 他离开家已经三天了。
It is three years since I smoked a cigar(=since I stopped smoking a cigar).
我不吸雪茄有三年了。
对比：It is three years since I began to smoke a cigar．我吸雪茄有三年了。
祈使句 +and/or+简单句
【原句回放】Give me a challenge and I’ll meet it with joy．如果给我一个挑战，我会愉快地接受它。
【点拨】祈使句 +and/or+简单句
注意：
1. 此句型中的祈使句表示假设，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。
2. and表示前后两句之间是顺承关系；or表示前后两句之间是转折关系，多译成“否则”。
经典例句
①Work hard，and you will make great progress．努力学习，你一定会取得进步。
②Hurry up，or you will not be able to catch the first bus．快点，否则你将不能赶上第一趟班车。
③Go on a vacation，and you will forget unhappy things．去度个假，你将会忘记不愉快的事情。
not only… but also
【原句回放】This not only drew public attention to research into back injuries but also encouraged a lot of people living with all kinds of problems. 他的演讲不仅吸引了人们对背部受伤研究的广泛关注，也鼓舞了很多有各种问题的人。
【点拨】not only… but (also) 不但……而且
注意：
1. not only…but also连接两个并列成分。
2. not only… but also 连接主语时，谓语动词应和邻近的主语保持一致。
3. 接连除其他成分时，not only 位于句首，其所在句子的主语和谓语需要倒装。
He not only said it, but also did it. （连接谓语）
他不仅说了，而且还做了。
This book is not only interesting but also useful. （连接表语）
这本书不仅有趣，而且有用。
Not only I but also Tom and Mary are fond of watching television. （连接主语）
不仅我，而且汤姆和玛丽都喜欢看电视。
Not only has he been to Canada, but also he knows some Canadians. (has放在he前，是倒装)
他不仅去过加拿大，而且认识一些加拿大人。
巩固练习
单词拼写
1．As an (运动员), you should want to get the best result.
2．His grammar is (糟糕的), especially when he writes articles.
3．She has got (辉煌的) achievements in the field of biology.
4．I received a most (不寻常的) present from my aunt.
5．Honeybees communicate in an (令人惊异的) way.
6．The decisions we take now may influence the course of the (大事) in the future.
7．Soon they became very (熟练的) at answering such questions.
8．The films full of (暴力) are bad for children and young people.
选词填空
用方框中单词或短语的适当形式完成下列句子，每个单词或短语只能使用一次。
draw, on one’s own, give up, personal, come to, confident ,
far too, admire, be keen to
1. ____________, I don't think it right to give children whatever they want.
2. When Jack ________, he was lying on the road and his wallet was gone.
3. I _________ him for his success in business,and I’m sure most people have the same feeling.
4. smoking, or your health will be worse.
5. I _________ spend time on my uncle’s farm this summer.
6. She cannot be left to take care of the garden __________. (2019 北京西城期末)
7. We were __________ that we would be able to complete the task. Please trust us.
8. The young army officer was ________ to the rank of captain.
9. I have got ________ much work to do, so I can’t go shopping with you.
10. The soaring house prices __________ the government’s attention.
单项填空
1．Mr. Frank managed to sail across the Atlantic ________ his own last year.
A．of B．by C．for D．on
2．— Is there any hope of saving his life?
— His injuries are serious, but he’s expected to ________.
A．pull through B．get back
C．run away D．look through
3．It is time to turn off the TV and________ your unfinished homework.
A．get off B．get over C．get up D．get on with
4．(2019湖南三十三校联考) Every morning Jack's wife will stand before the mirror, ______ herself before leaving home．
A．admired B．being admired C．to admire D．admiring;
5. —It is said that Doll has divorced her husband.
—_______. They have been loving each other very much.
A. Come off it B. Never mind C. No wonder D. With pleasure
6．Things have ________ such a state in the company that he’s thinking of resigning.
A．come across B．come out C．come over D．come to
7．Many competitors compete ________ the game ________ the gold medal every year.
A．in; for B．for; in C．against; in D．with; for
8．Tom is a music fan. Not only he but also all his family are ________ concerts actually.
A．aware of B．keen on C．tired of D．fit for
9. When he heard that story about Thomas, Mr. Lee expressed that he ______ believed in him, one of his best friends.
A. absolutely B. personally C. peacefully D. fortunately
10. My granny was ________ old to live on her own.
A. far too B. too far C. far from D. so far
11. After he had failed many times, he still said he wouldn't _______ the program.
A. give up B. look up C. catch up D. send up
12. She is a very popular poet, but ______ I think her poems are rather boring.
A. equally B. peacefully C. personally D. generally
13. As we know, iron reacts ______ water and air ______ produce rust (绣).
A. to; to B. with; with C. to; with D. with; to
14. Whenever the girl ______ the days spent in the country, she feels very happy.
A. looks back B. looks at C. looks over D. looks back on
15. The government is trying to _______ better understanding between the two countries.
A. provide B. promote C. clarify D. cancel
翻译句子
1. 我对自己的学习能力非常自信。(confident)
_______________________________________________________
2. 大部分学生觉得和同学相处融洽很容易。(get on well with) （2019 北京西城期末）
_______________________________________________________
3. 她已经足够大了，能够自己穿衣服了。(on one's own)
_______________________________________________________
4. 好好学习，天天向上。（make progress）
_______________________________________________________
5. 直到训练结束他们才回家。(come to an end)
_______________________________________________________
答案解析：
单词拼写
1．athlete 2．awful 3．brilliant 4．unusual 5．amazing
6．events 7．skilful 8. violence
选词填空
1. Personally 2. came to 3. admire 4. Give up 5. am keen to 6. on her own
7. confident 8. promoted 9. far too 10. have drawn
单项填空
1．D。句意：去年弗兰克先生独自一人航海成功地横渡了大西洋。of one’s own“属于某人自己的”；介词by和for都不与one’s own搭配；on one’s own“独立地，独自地”，符合题意。答案：
2．A。答句句意：他的伤很严重，但他有望康复。pull through“康复，痊愈”，符合语境。答案：
3．D。句意：到了关掉电视继续做你尚未完成的作业的时候了。get on with“进展；继续进行”，符合句意。get off“下车；动身，起飞”；get over“克服”；get up“起床”。答案：
4．D。句意：每天早晨，出门前，Jack的妻子将会站在镜子前，欣赏自己。admiring作stand的伴随状语。故选D。
5．A。come off it 别瞎说，别胡扯；never mind 不介意；no wonder 难怪；with pleasure 很乐意。句意：——据说Doll和丈夫结婚了。——不要瞎说了，他们一直非常相爱。根据句意，选A。
6．D。句意：公司的情况已经到了这种地步，因此他在考虑辞职。come to“达到某种状态”；come over“过来”。come across“偶然遇见”；come out“出来；出版”。故选D。
7．A。句意：每年都有很多选手参加这个比赛，角逐金牌。compete in ...for ...表示“为取得……参加……比赛”。
8．B。句意：汤姆是个音乐迷。实际上，不仅他而且他全家人都很热衷于音乐会。be keen on“喜欢，热衷于”；be aware of“知道”；be tired of“对……厌烦”；be fit for“胜任，适合于……”。根据句意，应选B。
9. A。句意：听了托马斯的故事，李先生说他绝对信任他，他的好朋友之一。根据句意，选absolutely表示“绝对地”。personally 私人地，亲自地；peacefully 平和地；fortunately 幸运地。
10. A。far too... to do 太……而不能做。too far 太远；far from 远非；so far 至今为止。句意：我奶奶年龄太大了，不能自己住了。
11. A。句意：虽然失败了多次，他仍说他不会放弃这个计划。give up 放弃；look up 向上看，查阅；catch up 追上；send up 发射。
12. C。句意：她是个受欢迎的诗人，但是我个人认为她的诗歌相当乏味。equally 相等地；平等地；peacefully 平和的；personally 亲自的，就个人而言；generally 一般地，普遍地。
13. D。句意:众所周知，铁与水和空气因起化学反应而产生锈。 react with 与……起化学反应； react to 对……反应；第二空是不定式表示结果。
14. D。look back on后面可以接宾语，意思是“回顾，回忆”；look back不能接宾语。
15. B。provide 供应；clarify 澄清；cancel 取消，promote 提升，促进。句意：政府正试图促进两国间更好的理解。根据句意，选B。
翻译句子
1. I have confidence in my ability of learning.
2. Most students find / found it easy to get on well with their classmates.
3. She is old enough to get dressed on her own.
4. Study well and make progress every day.
5. They didn't go home until the training came to an end.