2020年中考英语二轮专题复习：宾语从句

宾语从句的用法

【真题再现】
1. — Jack, could you tell me ___________ for traveling this summer?(2019 连云港)
— We plan to go and see the beautiful sea in Hainan.
A. where your family will go B. how will your family go
C. how your family will go D. where will your family go
2. — Could you tell me ________?(2019 扬州)
— In August, 2019.
A. where will the Youth Olympic Games take place
B. when will the Youth Olympic Games take place
C. where the Youth Olympic Games will take place
D. when the Youth Olympic Games will take place
3. — Could you please tell me ________?(2019 十堰)
— Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.
A. where is Mount Wudang
B. how can I get to Wulong River
C. what is Shenlongjia famous for
D. if there will be a new airport in Shiyan
4. — Do you know _________?(2019 重庆)
— This afternoon.
A. when will the policeman give us a talk B. where will the policeman give us a talk
C. when the policeman will give us a talk D. where the policeman will give us a talk
5. I have some tickets for the basketball match. I wonder ______.(2019 河北)
A. where you buy the tickets B. why you like to go there
C. if you'd like to come along D. when you watch the match
6．She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday．Do you know _______?(2019 呼和浩特)
A．what was it made of B．how much did it cost
C．who buys it for her D．where she bought it
7. — Do you know _________ the meeting?(2019 北京)
— Tomorrow morning. A. when they had B. when they are going to have C. when did they have D. when are they going to have
8. I didn't know ______.(2019 武汉)
A. when would the train arrive B. where could I get the book
C. what has been done D. who left the message
9. — Could you tell me_______ yuanxiao in China?(2019 天津)
— Usually at Lantern Festival.
A. when do people eat B. how do people eat
C. when people eat D. how people eat
10. I don't understand ______ such a silly question in class yesterday.(2019 广州)
A. why did John ask B. why John asked
C. why is John asking D. why John asks
11. — Mum, can you tell me ? I dreamed of him last night.(2019 陕西)
—Next week.
A. when my dad comes back B. where my dad goes
C. when my dad will come back D. where my dad will go
12．— Could you please tell me________？(2019 南通)
— By taking an online tour．
A．in which way can I improve my writing skills
B．how I can travel around the world in eight hours
C．what places of interest we can visit at a time
D．how should I get some more useful information
13．— Could you please tell me _____?(2019 呼和浩特)
— About twenty minutes ago.
A．when did you see this kid B．where did you see this kid
C．when you saw this kid D．where you saw this kid
14. — Li Ming, do you know _______ this year?(2019 兰州)
— It’s on June 20th.
A. when is the Dragon Boat Festival B. when is the Mid-autumn Festival
C. when the Mid-autumn Festival is D. when the Dragon Boat Festival is
15．I wonder . (2019 青岛)
A. how will you celebrate Thanksgiving
B. that the Water Festival is really fun.
C. what do people eat on the Mid-Autumn Festival
D. whether you will make resolution on New Year’s Day
16. — Ms. Petty, can you tell me _______?(2019 温州)
—Africa.
A. what the baby giraffe likes eating
B. why the baby giraffe looks unhappy
C. when the baby giraffe was born
D. where the baby giraffe came from
17. — Do you know ______?(2019 天津)
— For a month.
? A. how long will she be away B. how long she will be away
C.?how often will she go there? ?? ?? ?? ? D. how often she will go there
18．— Could you tell me _________?(2019 河北)
— Talking about festivals.
A．how they are playing B．what they are doing
C．where they are going D．why they are practicing
19. Franklin told them all to be in Britain again.(2019 杭州)
A. how happy was he B. how happy he was
C. how was he happy D. how he happy was
20. — Excuse me, Miss Chen, could you tell me ________?(2019 福州)
— It is short for the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road.
A. what the Belt and Road meant
B. what does the Belt and Road mean
C. what the Belt and Road means
【答案与解析】
1. A。句意：——Jack，你能告诉我今天夏天你和家人将去哪里旅游吗？——我们计划去海南看美丽的大海。本题考查宾语从句。根据题干中的回答“去海南看海”可排除C、D两项；又因为宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故选A项。
2. D。句意：——你能告诉我青奥会什么时候举行吗？——2019年8月。根据问句Could you tell me ?可知，后面的特殊疑问句作tell的宾语，宾语从句应用陈述句语序，排除A、B两项；根据答语可知，问的是时间，排除C项，故选D项。
3. D。本句意为：——你能告诉我十堰是否有一个新的飞机场吗？——当然，许多十堰的人们都知道。从句的语序是陈述句语序“引导词+主语+谓语+．．．．．．”，故答案选D。
4. C。句意：——你知道这个警察什么时候来给我们作报告吗？——今天下午。宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A和B；又根据答语可知是对时间进行提问，故答案为C项。
5. C。我有几张篮球赛的票。我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去。本题考查宾语从句。A、B、D项均不符合题干中前后句的逻辑关系，故答案为C项。
6. D。句意：她过生日的时候买了一条漂亮的裙子作为礼物。你知道她在哪买的吗？宾语从句用陈述句语序，排除A、B两项。由第一句可知，买裙子是过去发生的事情，故宾语从句须用一般过去时，排除C项。故答案为D项。
7. B。句意：——你知道他们什么时候开会吗？——明天上午。tomorrow morning为一般将来时的标志词，故可排除A、C两项。宾语从句的语序为陈述句语序，排除D项，故选B。
8. D。句意：我不知道是谁留下的信息。宾语从句应该使用陈述句语序，而A、B两个选项都是疑问句语序，故排除；C选项时态不对，主句是过去时，从句也应用相应的过去时，故选D。
9. C。根据答句我们发现问句应该提问何时吃元宵，那么排除B、D选项；A、C的区别在于语序不同，宾语从句一大考点就是语序，从句部分应为主谓正常语序，所以A错了。
10. B。根据宾语从句的陈述语序，排除A、C，再根据宾语从句的时态规律，可见主句是一般现在时understand，从句中出现yesterday，则从句用一般过去时。
11. C。句意：——妈妈，你能告诉我，爸爸什么时候回来吗？我昨晚上梦到他了。——下周。next week为一般将来时的标志词，故时态为将来时，可排除A、B两项。根据回答，可知询问的是时间，排除D项。故选C。
12. B。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，排除A、D两项；由答语“By taking an online tour.”可知，问句询问的是“怎样……”。how意为“怎样，如何”，符合题意，故选B。
13. C。宾语从句使用陈述语序，由此可排除A、B两项；由答语“About twenty minutes ago.”可知，询问的是时间，故选C。
14. D。句意：——李明，你知道今年端午节是什么时候吗？——在6月20日。the Dragon Boat Festival 端午节；the Mid-autumn Festival中秋节。根据回答可以推测是问的端午节，所以排除B、C。宾语从句要用陈述句语序，所以A错误。故选D。
15. D。句意：我想知道你是否将在新年做决定。wonder后面可以连接if(whether) + 宾语从句或者疑问词（how，when，why，what）+宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选D。
16. D。句意：——佩蒂女士，你能告诉我那个小长颈鹿来自哪里吗？——非洲。what the baby giraffe likes eating小长颈鹿喜欢吃什么；why the baby giraffe looks unhappy为什么小长颈鹿看起来不高兴；when the baby giraffe was born小长颈鹿什么时间出生的；where the baby giraffe came from小长颈鹿来自哪里。根据回答，可知问地点，故选D。
17. B。根据宾语从句需要用陈述语序这一原则，排除答案A和C，根据答语可排除答案D，故答案为B。
18. B。由答语“Talking about festivals.”可知，询问的是“他们正在做什么”。B项符合题意，故选B。
19. B。此题考查tell后接how引导的宾语从句，从句要用陈述语序，故选B。
20. C。本题考查tell后接宾语从句，根据句意问“一路一带是什么意思”，宾语从句应为一般现在时陈述语序。
【用法讲解】
考试要求：
宾语从句在中考中是重点考查内容，主要考查知识包括宾语从句的引导词、宾语从句的语序及宾语从句时态对应及否定迁移等。
1. 宾语从句的引导词
在复合句子中，作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。例如：
I want to know whose book this is.
我想知道这是谁的书。
宾语从句的引导词有三种：1）that；2）whether/ if；3）特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等。例如：
He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。
Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.
你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。
Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？
你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？
(1) 以that引导的宾语从句：
that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。
Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗？
He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。
(2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句：
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。whether和if意为“是否”。
Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.　
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。
I don’t care whether you like the story or not.
我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。
注意：
以下情况一般只用whether不用if。
1) 接带to的动词不定式。
She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo.
她不知道是不是去动物园。
2)与or not连用时。
I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.
他能否准时来，我说不准。
(3) 特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句：
此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。例如：
Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?
请问我们得走哪个门？
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.
他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。
2. 宾语从句的语序
由whether/ if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。
Where does your father work? Can you tell us? →
Can you tell us where your father works?
你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？
Did you get home very late? He asked me. →
He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。
3. 宾语从句的时态对应
(1) 如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。
例如：
My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）
我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。
My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时）
我的老师说他正在看电视。
My teacher says he has seen the movie. （现在完成时）
我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。
(2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。
例如：
My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）
我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。
My father said the he had already seen the movie. （过去完成时）
我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。
注意：如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。
例如：
Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. （一般现在时）
我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。
4. 宾语从句的否定转移
主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。例如：
I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute，will they？
我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗？
I don’t believe he did this, did he?
我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？
宾语从句的用法
【巩固练习】
I．单项选择。
1．—Do you know ______ the Capital Museum?
— Next Friday.
A. when will they visit B．when they will visit
C. when did they visit D．when they visited
2．He wanted to know _______ the English party.
A．when will we have B．when we will have
C．when would we have D．when we should have
3．I want to know ________．
A．when we should arrive at the airport
B．when should we arrive at the airport
C．when the airport we should arrive at
D．when the airport should we arrive at
4．—David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ______?
—He is a doctor.
A．Who is he B．who he is
C．what is he D．what he is
5. I don’t know when _____.
A. will the train leave　 B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
6. Do you know what _____ with Jim?
A. is wrong　 B. wrong is C. wrong was D. the matter is
7.－I want to know _____.
－Why not go to the park?
A. where I can go for a picnic B. where can I go for a picnic
C. what I can go for a picnic　 D. what can I go for a picnic
8. I don’t think he is right, ______?
A. do I B. isn’t he　 C. is he D. don’t I
9. The teacher didn’t say you would come, _____?
A. would you B. wouldn’t you　 C. did she　 D. didn’t you
10. Do you know______ daughter she is?
　A. whose B. whom C. what D. who
11. They wondered if the teacher ______them some English songs the next week.
　A. would teach B. had taught
C. will teach D. taught
12. He asked me if I knew______.
　A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was
　C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it
13. He told me ______ Paris is the capital of France.
　A. which B. the C. that D. what
14. He asked me ______ during the summer holiday.
　A. where I had gone B. where I had been
　C. where had I gone D. where had I been
15. I'm not sure whether ______ tomorrow.
　A. they will arrive B. will they arrive
C. they arrive D. they have arrived
II.根据汉语提示，用宾语从句补全下列句子。
1.我不知道为什么她如此着迷Apple iphone4s。
I don’t know _______________ Apple iphone4s.
2.我们给了她一些建议，但不知道她是否会接受。
We’ve given her some advice, but I don’t know_______________.
3.作为社会的一员，我们应该尽最大努力做我们应该做的。
As society members, we should try our best to do______________.
4. ——请你告诉我怎么到中山公园好吗？
——好的。你可以坐公交车去那。
—Could you tell me______________________?
—Yes, you can go there by bus.
5. ——汤姆在纽约呢还是已经回家了？
——对不起，我不确信是否他已经回来。
—Is Tom still in New York or already back at home?
—Sorry，I’m not sure ___________________.
【答案与解析】
I．单项选择。
1. B。句意：——你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗?——下周五。本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，故排除A、C两项；又由答句可知应该用将来时，故排除D项。
2. D。 句意：他想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。本题考查宾语从句的用法。当主句是一般过去时态的时候，宾语从句用相应的过去时态，而A、B两项都是一般将来时，故被排除；宾语从句用陈述句语序，而C项是疑问语序，也被排除。
3. A。句意：我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。本题考查宾语从句。动词know后面接的是宾语从句，由宾语从句要用陈述语序可排除B和D两项；又因为C项中the airport的位置不对，故选A。
4. D。 句意：——David，看那边那个穿白衣服的人，你能告诉我他是干什么的吗?——他是医生。本题考查宾语从句。由答句可知询问的是职业，所以用疑问词what；又因为宾语从句要用陈述句语序，故选D。
5.B。本题是考查宾语从句的语序和时态的用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据说话人的意思可以判断是一般将来时。所以选择B。
6.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法。特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用陈述语序，what在宾语从句作主语，所以what is wrong是陈述语序。同样如果D改成is the matter也是正确的。
7.A。本题是考查宾语从句的语序用法，特殊疑问词where引导的宾语从句用陈述语序。从对话的答语可以判断特殊疑问词where引导宾语从句。
8.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。主句是I think和后面的宾语从句构成复合句，其反意疑问句的主语、谓语和宾语从句保持一致，前面的句子是否定句，所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。
9.C。本题是考查反意疑问句的用法。复合句的反意疑问句的主语、谓语和主句保持一致，这里主句是The teacher didn’t say，而且是否定句，所以附加疑问句用肯定形式。
10. A。 句意为“你知道她是谁的女儿吗？”可知应该用whose。
11. A。 从句的时态原本应该用一般将来时（因为时间状语是next week），但是由于主句的时态是一般过去时，因此从句的时态应该改为过去将来时，即would +动词原形。
12. B。 首先通过从句应该是陈述句语序这一点来排除A和D，然后由于主句的时态是过去时，因此从句也要用过去的时态，故选B。
13. C。 本题考查宾语从句的引导词that，可以省略，在从句中不作任何成分。
14. B。 首先，从句应该用陈述句语序，因此只能考虑A或B。然后根据题目的意思，他问我去了哪里，证明我已经回来的，问的是曾经去了哪里，因此用been to。
15. A。 该题中的A, C, D都是陈述句语序，都可以考虑；但是只有A符合从句时态的要求，故选A。
II.根据汉语提示，用宾语从句补全下列句子。
1. why she is so crazy about
2. whether she’ll accept it
3. what we should do
4. how I can get to Zhongshan park
5. if he has been back