北师大版高中英语模块2 Unit 5 Rhythm 状语从句

状语从句
概念引入：
状语从句是句法考试的重要内容。必须掌握以下语法知识：状语从句的引导词与介词的用法比较；状语从句中意义近似的连接词的用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词的用法比较等等。
状语从句的考查重点是意义近似的连接词的用法。考查状语从句的试题选项不仅有连词，有时还从定语从句和名词性从句的角度进行干扰，出现代词和介词。
Leave your key with a neighbor in case you lock yourself out one day.
目的状语从句：“给邻居留一把钥匙”的目的是“万一某一天把自己锁在门外”（时可以用到），从句表示主句动作的目的。
The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time before we meet them again.
时间状语从句：“野外研究要花掉John和Paul大约五个月，我们再次见到他们将是很长时间。before从句表示再次见到他们的时间。
I won’t call you, unless something unexpected happens.
条件状语从句：“给你打电话”的条件是“意外的事情发生”。
语法讲解
时间状语从句
1．when，while，as都可译为“当……的时候”，但侧重点有所不同。
当主句是瞬间动作而从句是延续动作时，三者都可以用。as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。while从句的谓语必须是延续的，不能是非延续性动词。
She sang as we walked. I listened carefully while she was singing，and we felt happy when we got home.
我们一边走她一边唱，她唱的时候我认真听。到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。
2．until 和not...until
until要与延续性动词连用；not...until 要与非延续性动词连用。
He didn’t go to bed until his father came back.
3．特殊的时间状语从句的引导词：
1)the moment，the minute，the instant，the second；no sooner...than...；hardly/scarcely...when...等以及表示瞬间的directly，immediately，表示“一……就……”，相当于as soon as。no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...结构中no sooner和hardly/scarcely引导的句子中谓语动词通常用过去完成时，而than和when引导的句子中谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，此外，no sooner和hardly/scarcely位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。
Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom.
Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
2)next time，the first time，last time，every time，the spring (summer，autumn，winter)等，这类短语名词直接用作连词引导时间状语从句。
Every time I see him he wears a pleasant smile.
4．by the time 也可以引导时间状语从句，意为“到……时为止”，主句一般用完成时态。
By the time he was fourteen，Einstein had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.(从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时)
5．几组固定形式
1)It will be＋一段时间＋before... 多久之后才……
2)It is＋一段时间＋since... 自从……以来已有多长时间了。
3) be about to do...when...；be doing...when...；on the point of doing...when...
It will be two days before he returns.
It is three years since I came here.
I was doing my homework when my cousin came.
原因状语从句
1. because引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 语气最强， 最适合回答 why引导的疑问句。
I do it because I like it.
我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
注意：“not ... because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句。
The country is not strong because it is large.
国强不在大。
2. since引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”)， 较为正式， 语气比because弱。
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.
既然今天你休息， 你最好帮我补习数学。
注意：seeing (that)，now (that)，considering (that)，in that这几个词汇与since引导的原因状语从句意思相近， 都表示“既然”。
Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him.
他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由要来帮助他。
In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it.
因为有病，他觉得做不了那件事。
3. as引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi.
既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。
4. for引导的原因并列句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因， 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明，for引导的句子只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
He could not have seen me, for I was not there.
他不可能见过我，因为我不在那里。
条件状语从句
1. if 表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless (=if not) 表示负面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。
If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请求他，他会帮助你。
He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.
他一定会来，除非他有急事。
2. in case，on condition that，providing，provided (that)，supposing，suppose (that)等词汇意思相近， 指“假如， 假使， 在……条件下”(比if更为书面化)。
In case he comes, let me know.
如果他来的话，告诉我一声。
I will go, providing/provided (that) my expenses are paid.
只要我的费用有人付，我就去。
Suppose/Supposing (that) he does not come, what shall we do?
他要是不来，我们该怎么办？
3. as long as (=so long as) 表示充分必要条件，引导语气强烈的条件状语从句时，意为“只要”。
I will cooperate as long as I am notified on time.
只要及时告诉我，我就会合作。
You may use the book so long as you will return it on time.
只要你准时还，你就可以借这本书。
让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有：though，although，even if/ though，however，no matter how，no matter what，no matter who等。
1．though，although引导让步状语从句时都不能和but连用，但可以同yet (still) 连用。
Although he is rich，yet he is not happy.
2．as引导的让步从句时，从句要采用倒装语序。
Child as /though he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.
Try hard as he will，he never seems to do the work well.
Young as/though he is, he is expert in this field.
3．whether...or not意为“无论(是否)”。
Whether you believe it or not，it is true.
4．however＋形容词/副词＝ no matter how＋形容词/ 副词……，意为“无论多么……”。
No matter how cold it is，he still works outdoors.
5．wh-ever等一系列连词既可引导让步状语从句相当于no matter wh-，也可引导名词性从句。而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。
No matter/Whatever what happened，he would not mind.
目的状语从句
目的状语从句可以由表示“为了， 以便”的so that(有时省略so)， in order that和表示“以免， 以防”的lest， for fear that， in case引导(lest， for fear that后的目的状语从句一般要用“可以省略的should＋动词原形”的虚拟语气形式； in case后的目的状语从句多用虚拟语气，但也可用陈述语气)。
I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you.
我不出声，以免打搅你。
He is working hard for fear that he (should) fail.
他认真学习，以免考不及格。
Take your umbrella in case it rains.
带上雨伞， 以防下雨。
　　如果表示“为了，以便”的目的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，可用in order to或 so as to取代该目的状语从句：
He hurried through his work in order to catch the train.
他匆匆干完手中的活，为的是能赶上火车。
结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示结果， 通常位于主句之后。
1. so that可以引导目的状语从句， 也可以引导结果状语从句。
It was very cold, so that the river froze.
天气寒冷，河水都结冰了。(so that引导结果状语从句)
I came to the class early so that I could see the classmate beside me.
我赶早来上课，以便早点看到我旁边的同学。(so that引导目的状语从句)
　　2. 表示“如此……以致……”的“so... that...”和“such... that...”均可引导结果状语从句， 其中的such 是形容词，修饰名词；so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词，具体的搭配形式是：
(1)“so＋adj./adv.＋that”/“so＋adj.(＋a/an)＋n.＋that”；
(2)“such(＋a/an)(＋adj.)＋n.＋that”。
so foolish那样愚蠢　 such a fool 这么个蠢货　 so nice a flower　 such a nice flower
so many / few flowers　 such nice flowers
so much / little money such rapid progress
so many people such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of虽相当于many，但a lot of只能用such搭配。
He speaks so fast that no one can catch him. 他说话太快，无人听得明白。
There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused. 人口增长如此迅速， 以致造成了粮食短缺。
Our country has so much coal that she can export large quantities. 我们国家的煤炭非常丰富，可以大量出口。(so与表示数量的代词many，few，much，little等连用已经形成固定搭配， 这些场合下不能换用such的对应结构表示)
如果结果状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同，可用so (adj./adv.) as to取代该结果状语从句， 注意体会以下例句： The weather was bad, so as to make a good photo hard to take. 天气恶劣， 以致难以拍出来好照片。
He was so kind as to phone for a taxi for the patient. 他是如此热心，以至于他为病人打电话叫了出租车。
How could you be so stupid as to believe him? 你怎么这么笨，竟相信了他的话？
地点状语从句
地点状语从句主要用于回答Where?的问题，可以由where (在……的地方)，wherever (无论什么地方)等连词来引导。where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。
Go back where you came from.
你从何处来就到何处去。
Where there’s a will there’s a way, but what if your name is Will?
有志者事竟成，但如果你就叫WILL呢？
Where there’s a will, there’s an Inheritance（遗产）Tax.
哪里有遗嘱，哪里就有遗产税。
比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as或than引起，这类从句和大多数状语从句不同，它们不修饰动词，而是修饰as，so，less，more等副词，或其他比较级的词，如 taller，harder。这类从句通常在主句后。
as...as...
　　He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.
他醒来得和入睡一样突然。(第一个as是副词)
I have never seen so much rain as fell that February.
我从未见过像那个二月那么多雨。(否定结构常用so…as, 也可用as... as)
than
Man developed earlier than people think.
人类的出现比人们所想的要早。
He moves more slowly than his sister does.
他行动起来比他妹妹慢。
The youth of today are better off than we used to be.
今天的年轻人比我们过去的境况要好。
巩固练习
一、填入适当的连接词1. I?haven’t?heard?from?him?_____?he?went?to?America.2. He?won’t?be?here?___?he?is?invited.3. He?will?not?go?to?the?cinema?____?he?is?very?busy.4. We?found?the?key?_____she?lad?left?it.5. It?was?three?months?_____ he?came?to?our?school.
6. We?had?no?sooner?got?to?the?station?_____?the?train?left.7. He?speaks?English?_____?he?were?an?Englishman.8. He?is?explaining?clearly?______?they?could?understand.9. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ______ Father was away in France.
10. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, ___________ great it is.
11. We won’t give up ____________we should fail ten times.
12. __________the rain has stopped, let’s continue to work.
二、单项选择
1. I took my driving license with me on holiday, ________ I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case B. even if C. ever since D. if only
2. Anyone, once _______ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test
3. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ________ you reach any decision.
A. although B. before C. because D. unless
4. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ________ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A. whatever B. whoever C. wherever D. whichever
5. She says that she’ll have to close the shop ________ business improves.
A. if B. unless C. after D. when
6. If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked
7. One can always manage to do more things, no matter _______ full one’s schedule is in life.
A. how B. what C. when D. where
8. Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.
A. unless B. until C. although D. since
9. _________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However
10. I have heard a lot of good things about you _________ I came back from abroad.
A. since B. until C. before D. when
11. He was so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son _____ he wants to.
A. even if B. as if C. because D. before
12. _____ small, the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As B. If C. Although D. Once
13. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
14. ______ we have enough evidence, we can’t win the case.
A. Once B As long as C. Unless D. Since
15. It’s much easier to make friends ______ you have similar interests.
A. unless B. when C. even though D. so that
三、状语从句翻译练习
1.??尽管天气变冷了，他们还是像以前一样努力工作。
2.??即使你会失败，你也应该尽你的努力去完成工作。
3.???我们必须带雨衣，以防天下雨。
4.??据我所知，英文语法中没有这样一条规定。
5.??请把前门的钥匙放在我们容易找到的地方。
6.??我刚告诉他这个消息，他就哭起来。
7.??你越是努力学习英语，你说英语就会越好。
8.??除非天下雨，否则飞机将正点起飞。
9.??我们早晨早点走，以便我们能及时赶到机场。
10.?当我们听到老师告诉我们的那个消息，我们都激动得睡不着觉。
11.?乘务员怕旅客不明白，她又解释了一遍。
12.?我们做得越多，就越能做；越是紧张，就越有闲暇(leisure)。
13.?当乌云出现时(appear)，聪明人就披上斗篷(cloaks)。
答案与解析
一、填入适当的连接词
1. since 2. unless 3. because 4. where
5. since 6. than 7. as if 8. so that
9. when 10. however/no matter how 11. even if 12. Since/ Now that/As二、单项选择
1. A。根据句意：假期时我带上我的驾照，以防万一我想租一辆车。
2. C。考查非谓语动词和状语从句的省略。状语从句连词once之后的非谓语动词与主句主语anyone之间为被动关系，故选过去分词。
3. B。根据句意，在你做任何决定之前，你得学会顾及到你的感觉和你做此决定的原因，可知答案为B（在……之前）。
4. C。此处考查-ever引导的让步状语从句。通过分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代词A、B、D项。
5. B。根据句意，如果生意没有好转，她就只得关店铺。unless=if…not（如果不），故答案选B。
6. A。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。状语从句连词if之后省去了从句的主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句，默认主语为you；主语you与动词ask之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。答案选A。
7. A。此处考查no matter...引导的让步状语从句。副词how修饰形容词或副词，横线后为形容词full，故选how。no matter how= however（无论如何）。
8. D。根据句意：Mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。连词since表“由于，因为”符合语境。
9. B。句意为：每当我得做演讲的时候，开始之前我就会变得极度的紧张。根据句意选B（每当，无论什么时候）。
10. A。根据句意及主从句时态即可判断为A项，因为since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。译为：自从我从国外回来，我已经听说了关于你的许多好的事情。
11. A。根据句意“他如此繁忙。他不可能抽出足够的时间来陪他的儿子——即便是他想那样做。”，可知答案选A。
12. C。根据句意即可判断：这个公司虽然小，但是它在30多个国家有大约1000个采购商。此处状语从句连词后省略了句子的主语和be动词，即although (it is) small...。
13. A。考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。连词when之后为状语从句的省略，非谓语动词treat的逻辑主语即为主句主语health problems，判断它们之间的关系为被动关系，即用过去分词即可。而being done意为“正在被……”；to be done“将被……”。
14. C。根据句意，除非我们有足够的证据，否则这个案子我们不能取胜，可知选C。
15. B。句意：当你们兴趣相投时，（你们）交朋友更加容易。故选B。
三、状语从句翻译练习
1.?They worked as hard as before although the weather got cold.
2.?Even if (even though) you fail, you should do your best to finish your work.
3.?We must take raincoat in case it rains.
4.?So far as I know, there is not such a rule in English grammar.
5.?Please put the key to the front door where we can find it easily.
6.?No sooner had I told him the news than he began to cry.
7.?The harder you study English, the better you speak it.
8.?The plane will take off on time unless it rains.
9.?We set off early in the morning in order that we can arrive at the airport in time.
10.?When we heard that news the teacher had told us, we all were so excited that we couldn’t go to sleep.
11.?The stewardess explained again for fear that the passengers could not understand.
12.?The more we do, the more we can do; the busier we are, the more leisure we have.
13.?When clouds appear, wise men put on their cloaks.