Unit 6 Design语言点(一)
目标认知
重点词汇
abstract,straight,typical,emphasise,detail,feature
重点短语
fix one’s eyes on,sort of
重点句型
定语从句引导词which的用法
知识讲解
重点词汇
abstract
【原词回放】abstract(P35)
【点拨】abstract (1)adj.
1)抽象的,不具体的
I cannot understand such all abstract concept.
我无法理解一个如此抽象的概念。
2)难以理解的,难解的,深奥的
Astronomy is an abstract subject.天文学是一门深奥的学科。
3)空想的
He has some abstract notion of wanting to change the world.他有种想要改造世界的空想。
(2)n.
1)(书、文章、演说、案情等的)摘要,梗概,概要
Please write an abstract of this article.请写一份这篇文章的摘要。
2)抽象派艺术作品(如图画、雕塑等)
This kind of painting is termed“abstract”.这种画被称作“抽象派”作品。
(3)vt.
1)提取,提炼,抽取,使分离(from)
Rubber is abstracted from trees.橡胶是从树中提取的。
2)(委婉语)偷走,窃取,盗走,贪污
The man abstracted a pen from my pocket.那人从我口袋里偷去了一支笔。
思维拓展
abstracted adj. 心不在焉的,出神的
abstraction n. 抽象概念,提取
abstractionism n. 抽象派艺术
abstractionist n. 抽象派艺术家
abstractive adj. 具有抽象能力的,摘要式的
abstractly adv. 抽象地
abstractness n. 抽象性
abstractor n. 摘录者
straight
【原词回放】straight(P35)
【点拨】straight (1)adj.
1)直的,笔直的,直线的
He drew a straight line on the paper.
他在纸上画了一条直线。
2)(位置)周正的,平的,与……平行的
Is my tie straight?
我的领带正不正?
3)坦诚的,诚实的,直率的
It’s time for some straight talking.
现在该开诚布公地谈谈了。
Please be straight with me.请以真诚待我。
(2)adv.
1)直接,径直
Come straight home after school.放学后直接回家。
2)直地,笔直地
Go straight down the road and then turn left.沿着这条路一直走,然后左转。
常用结构
(as)straight as an arrow 笔直,径直;(指人)诚实的,正直的
get sth. straight 明确某事,把某事弄清楚
go straight一直往前走,改邪归正,重新做人
make straight for一直向……驶去(或走去)
on the straight成直线,平行;[口语]老实地,正直地,改过自新
typical
【原句回放】The painting,named Poppy,is a typical example of Chen’s style.这幅名为“罂粟”的画是陈逸飞艺术风格的经典作品。(P36)
句式分析:named Poppy是过去分词短语作定语,修饰名词The painting。
【点拨】typical adj.
1)典型的,有代表性的,范例的
This house is in the typical T shape.
这座房子是典型的T形。
2)特有的,独特的,有特色的
This poem is typical of the Romantic period.
这首诗具有浪漫主义时期的特点。
3)一贯的,平常的
He answered with typical curtness.
他像往常一样,回答时唐突无礼。
常用结构
typical of……是……的典型特征
思维拓展
type n. 类型,品种,样式,模范 v. 打字
typically adv. 代表性地,作为特色地
typicalness n. 典型性
typify v. 是……的典型
emphasise
【原句回放】To emphasise the woman even more,Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress,and chooses to paint the background behind the woman black.为更进一步突出这位女子,陈逸飞在她的扇子和衣服的布料上加入很多细节,并选择黑色作为女子背后的背景颜色。(P36)
【点拨】emphasise vt.
1)强调,着重,加重
What do you emphasise in your training sessions?
在你的训练课中你会强调什么?
At the NPC session,officials have continued to emphasise measures aimed at the poor.
在全国人民代表大会期间,官员们继续强调采取措施帮助穷人。
He emphasised the need for practical English.
他强调了实用英语的必要性。
2)使突出,使明显
In this paper,the following two aspects will be emphasised.
在这篇论文中,将突出以下两个方面。
detail
【原句回放】To emphasise the woman even more,Chen adds a lot of detail to the fan and the cloth of her dress,and chooses to paint the background behind the woman black.为更进一步突出这位女子,陈逸飞在她的扇子和衣服的布料上加入很多细节,并选择黑色作为女子背后的背景颜色。(P36)
【点拨】detail 1)n. ①详情,全部细节
The full details of the agreement haven’t been made public.
协议的细节尚未公布。
②枝节,细枝末节,琐事,零碎事
Don’t bog me down in this mass of details.不要让我陷入这堆琐事中。
③(复数形式)具体情况,(关于某事物的)资料
They didn’t give details about the game.他们没有提供这场比赛的具体情况。
2)vt. ①详细列举,详细说明,详述
The computer’s characteristics are fully detailed in the brochure.
计算机的特点在这本小册子里有详尽的说明。
②列举,逐一说明,逐条告知
The policeman detailed the process of the robbery.
警察列举了这件抢劫案的作案过程。
③分遣,派遣,选派
The officer detailed a man for sentry duty.
那名军官派了一名战士站岗。
④以细部装饰,为……提供复杂精细的装饰
She detailed the lingerie and skirt with lace and embroidery.
她用花边和刺绣装饰内衣和裙子。
常用结构
down to the last detail非常详细地
for further details有关(或欲知、为了知道)更详细的情况
go/enter into detail(s)详细叙述,逐一说明
in detail逐一地,详细地
beat/defeat in detail[军事]各个击破
detail by detail 逐一
detail sb.to do sth.派某人去做某事
detail sth.to sb. 向某人详述某事
feature
【原词回放】features(P38)
【点拨】 feature (1)n. 1)特征,容貌
Her mouth is her best feature.
她的嘴是她容貌最好看的部分。
2)特点,特色,特性
Wet weather is a feature of the area.
天气潮湿是这个地区的一个特色。
(2)vt. 1)是……的特色,是……的特征
Round—the clock service features this store.
24小时服务是这家商店的特色。
2)使突出,以……为特色
This restaurant features the most famous chefs from France.
这家饭店是以最著名的法国厨师为特色的。
3)特写,(书刊)特载,(电影)由……主演,以……为号召物
The magazine is featuring his articles.
这本杂志正在特载他的文章。
4)[口语]想象,设想
Can you feature wearing a necktie here?
在这样的地方打着领带你能想象吗?
易混辨析
quality,property,feature,characteristic,character
这些名词均有“特性,特点,品质”之意。
quality最普通用词,既可指有形或无形的特性,又可指个性或共性的特征。
property多指同类事物所共有的特性,一般不用于指人。
feature指事物突出的引人注目的特点,多用来说明人的容貌特征或地理特征。
characteristic指某人或某物天生有别于他人或他物的内部特质或外表特征。
character多指一类人或事物所具有的独特的典型的特征。
重点短语
fix one’s eyes on
【原句回放】Its black eyes,which are fixed on the cabbage,show the creature’s interest in the vegetable.它的黑眼睛正盯着那棵白菜,显示出对白菜的兴趣。(P36)
【点拨】fix one’s eyes on注重,注视
When one is awake,he cannot fix his eyes or his attention constantly on a single object.
当一个人在清醒时,他不可能总是盯着或注视某一物体。
常用结构
fix on决定,选定
fix one’s attention/eyes on sb.sth. 集中目光/注意力于某人/某物
fix things/it up(with)[口语](同某人)安排好或商量好(常指得到某人的让步等)
fix sb. up安排某人,安顿某人
思维拓展
fixed adj. 固定的,不变的,准备好的
fixation n. 固定,(对……)异常依恋
fixedness n. 固定,不变,稳固
fixer n. 定色剂,定影剂
fixture n. 体育活动,固定装置
fixedly adv. 凝视地,目不转睛地
sort of
【原句回放】Sort of(P39)
【点拨】 sort of (1)有几分地,有那么一点儿
He’s been sort of nervous at first when he was in a strange place.
当身处一个陌生的地方时他起初有点紧张。
(2)一种
That sort of music is rubbish.
那种音乐毫无价值。
思维拓展
a good sort好人
a sort of一种
a word of a sort生气的话,尖锐的责骂
after a sort稍微,有点儿
in a sort有些,稍微,有几分
all sort(s) of(=of all sorts)各种各样的
in any sort无论如何,必须
in some sort多少,稍微
no sort of 毫无/不;完全不是;和……全不相称
nothing of the sort根本没有那样的事情
of a sort同一种(类),相当的,勉强称得上的,较差的,所谓的
of every sort and kind各种各样的
of one’s sort和某人同样身份/性质/品性的
out of sorts身体不适,心情烦恼
sort out from...(从……中)区分出来,辨别出来
重点句型
定语从句引导词which的用法
【原句回放】Its black eyes,which are fixed on the cabbage,show the creature’s interest in the vegetable.它的黑眼睛正盯着那棵白菜,显示出对白菜的兴趣。(P36)
句式分析:which are fixed on the cabbage是由which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词eyes。
【点拨】定语从句引导词which的用法
which是关系代词,引导定语从句,指代物,在定语从句中既可以作主语也可以作宾语,此外which还可以指代前面的一件事。
1)在定语从句中只能用which而不能使用that的情况。
①非限制性定语从句只能用which引导,而不能用that引导。
Yesterday I asked him to go to the cinema with me,which he agreed.
昨天我要他同我一道去看电影,他同意了。
He wishes to get quick rich without any labour,which we think only wishful thinking.
他想不劳而获,迅速致富,我们认为这是想入非非。
②在介词置于引导词之前,即“介词+关系代词”这一结构中,只能使用which,不能使用that。
This is a house in which I lived two years ago.
这是一所我两年前住过的房子。
2)在非限制性定语从句中,as和which都可以作引导词指代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。但两者的区别是:as一般放在句首,which放在句中;当as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词,若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。
As we know,smoking is harmful to one’s health.
如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth,which is very important to us.
太阳温暖地球,这对我们很重要。
巩固练习
选词填空
1.He is a writer full of________(想象力),and he has written a lot of interesting novels which are still very popular with students.
2.It is known to us that he is the most honest________(年轻人) in our company.
3.A collection of paintings by David Hockey is on________(展览) at the museum.
4.—Do you know where the nearest post office is?
—Go s ________down this street and you will find it on your left.
5.The famous painter left a lot of v ________works to his son and his daughter.
用所给短语的正确形式填空
1.My favorite writer Henry wrote more than fifty novels____________.
2.Linda’s aunt is a worker in the sweater factory near Linda’s home and she ____________wool.
3.The audience’s attention ____________the performance of the actress now.
4.He ____________when I came in,so he didn’t realize I was here.
5.It’s very dangerous to go around the corner____________.
句型转换
1.I’ll get the painter to paint my house this Saturday.
I’ll ________ ________ ________ ________this Saturday.
2.There is no difficulty for me with this problem.
I have ________ ________ ________this problem.
3.He is quite interested in computer games.
He ________ ________ ________ ________in computer games.
4.She got up so early so that she could catch the first bus.
She got up so early________ ________ ________catch the first bus.
5.My elder brother bought me a dictionary,and its cover is red.
My elder brother bought me a dictionary________ ________is red.
单项填空
1.Leaves are found on all kinds of trees,but they differ greatly ________size and shape.
A.on B.from C.by D.in
2.When he came to school,he saw a dog ________on the ground.
A.lay B.lying C.lain D.was lying
3.If you really have to leave during the meeting,you’d better leave ________the back door.
A.for B.by C.across D.out
4.Try on this red skirt;you will look great ________it.
A.on B.by C.in D.for
5.He went out,leaving his papers ________open on the desk.
A.lie B.lay C.lying D.lieing
6.You can’t imagine ________across the lake at his age.
A.his sailing B.his sail C.him to sail D.him sailed
7.The disc,digitally ________in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded
8.The children came up to me with their eyes ________on me.
A.fixing B.to fix C.fixed D.were fixing
9.He went ________home after school.
A.straightly B.straight C.immediate D.correctly
10.Anyway,that evening,________I’ll tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A.when B.where C.what D.which
答案解析
选词填空
1.imagination 2.youth 3.exhibition 4.straight 5.valuable
用所给短语的正确形式填空
1.during his lifetime 2.works with 3.is fixed on 4.was deep in thought 5.at high speed
句型转换
1.have my house painted
2.no trouble with
3.has a great interest
4.so as to/in order to
5.whose cover
单项填空
1.【解析】选D。此题考查的是介词的用法。differ in sth.“在……方面不同”,in表示“在哪个方面”。differ from“和……不同”,连接两个并列的比较的对象。此题题意为:……,但是这些树叶在形状和尺寸方面有极大的不同。
2.【解析】选B。考查动词-ing作宾补。动词see后加动词-ing(表主动)或过去分词(表被动)作宾补,dog和动词lie之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式。
3.【解析】选B。for为了;by借助,通过;across通过(平面);out出去。根据题意:如果你必须在会议期间离开,你最好从后门出去。leave out遗漏。
4.【解析】选C。此题题意为:你试试这件红色的裙子,穿上它你肯定很好看。介词in表示“穿衣服的一种状态”。
5.【解析】选C。leave+宾语+宾补。句意为:他出去时,把他的文件摊开在桌上。lie的分词为lying。
6.【解析】选A。imagine+doing形式。此题考查的是动名词的复合结构。
7.【解析】选A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语,disc与record之间是被动关系,故用过去分词表示。
8.【解析】选C。句中用了with+宾语+宾语补足语结构,而fix one’s eyes on为固定短语,fix与eyes之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
9.【解析】选B。此题题意为:放学后他直接回家了。此处应该使用副词,用来修饰went,straight既可以作形容词也可以作副词,故排除A。correctly“正确地”,不符合题意。
10.【解析】选D。which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句。从句子的谓语动词部分I’ll tell you more about可知,about后需要宾语,which指代前面的先行词that evening。