北师大版高中英语模块2 Unit 6 Design 话题语言应用——设计
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语模块2 Unit 6 Design 话题语言应用——设计 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-11-10 10:13:17 | ||
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话题语言应用—设计
语言积累
交际用语
1. 做出决定（making decisions ） I think / don’t think that…我认为/不认为…… I’ve decided that… 我已经决定…… Let’s make a decision. 我们做个决定 I believe that … 我相信……
Let’s decide… 让我们决定…… 2. 说明理由（Reasoning） The advantage/disadvantage is …有利的/不利的……
I agree/don’t agree… because…我同意/ 不同意…… 因为…… Give me your reasons. 给我你的理由 First… Second… 首先……其次…… What makes you think so? 为什么这么想？ I think…because(of)…我认为……因为…… As/ Since…, I think… 因为……我认为…… 范例： 1. ―I think there are several advantages in city life.
―Yes, I believe that’s why most people like to live in the city. ―我认为城市生活有很多有利的地方。 ―是的，我相信这就是为什么许多人愿意来大城市生活的原因。 2. ―I think we can work together to create an even better system. ― I agree with you ,because unity is power. ― 我想我们一起能够创造一个更好的系统。 ― 我同意你的观点，因为团结就是力量。 3. ―Do not you think they are flirting with each other? ― what makes you think so ? ― 你不认为他们互相在打情骂俏吗？ ― 你为什么这样想？ 4. ―One major disadvantage of selling expertise or another competitive advantage is that the company creates potential future competitors when it gives away its unique advantage. ― I agree because anything has its vice result. ―销售专门知识或其它竞争性优势技术的最大缺点之一是，当其出售了唯一优势技术 后，它也为自己树立了潜在的未来竞争者。 ― 我同意你的观点，什么事儿都有它的负面影响。 5．― How do you like the story? Give me your reasons, please. ― First , it is very interesting and second I like the plot. ― 喜欢这个故事吗?说说理由。 ― 首先这个故事非常有趣儿，其次我喜欢里面的情节。
拓展阅读
Industrial design
The industrial design is the art and science involved in the creation of machine-made products by large-scale industry for mass distribution . It is concerned with aesthetic appearance, in consumer goods ,as well as with functional efficiency.
The term industrial design was originated in 1919 by the American industrial designer Joseph Sinel(1887-1975). Initially ,industrial designers dealt exclusively with machine-made consumer products . Eventually ,however ,the scope of the profession enlarged to include the design of capital goods ,such as farm machinery , industrial tools and transportation equipment ,and the planning of exhibitions ,commercial buildings and packaging.
Under prevailing standards of design, a product should have beauty of line, color, proportion ,and texture ;high efficiency and safety of operation ;convenience or comfort in use; ease of maintenance and repair; durability ;and expression of fun_ction in terms of form . The relative importance of any of these standards may vary depending on the object. Thus , line and proportion may be more desirable in a sofa than in a tractor , where durability and easy maintenance may be paramount . A consideration basic to all good design is the factor of realistic cost. Thus , effective industrial design requires, besides artistic ability ,combined knowledge of engineering principles and materials ,production techniques and cost ,and marketing conditions.
The industrial designer must be concerned not only with product design but with the conditions under which products are sold . In planning retail stores and display area ,for example, the industrial designer works with the architect to increase the revenue-producing interior space and to create arrangements and atmosphere conducive to sales . Industrial designers also work to facilitate the profitable operation of railroad stations ,airports ,hotels ,shopping centers ,exhibitions ,restaurants, public auditoriums ,television stations ,and offices.
Every design problem requires special procedures ,timing and techniques, but there is a general routine applicable to all. After the industrial designer is informed of the needs of the client--- including data on the intended market for the product, budget allocation ,and company policy and equipment--- specialists associated with the designer conduct a study of competitive products and an extensive field survey of the manufacturer's plant. A design program is planned ,and preliminary designs of the proposed product are them sketched on the basis of the available plant facilities. Rough sketches are chosen for further refinement and study, and the client is then presented with design studies, often in the form of a small model or of a mock-up . Following the selection of the approved design , working drawings indicating the choice of materials and the specifications for finishing and assembly are prepared. A handmade working model is then manufactured and submitted to the client for approval. In the case of an automobile ,for example .one or several are handmade and tested at proving grounds before final machine dies are ordered and production begins.
The industrial designer is essentially the creator of a pattern to guide the operations of skilled persons or machines . The development of industrial design leads to the creation of new procedures in order that the modifications in the design may be molded directly from the old products. Another industrial-design method is based on the fact that small models do not reflect accurately the design characteristics of the full-scale product. Distortion often occurs in magnification as a result of highlights and shadows that change basic spatial relationships . To view the design in full scale ,the profession employs a photographic system in which a small drawing is projected to full scale on a section of a wall. Revisions of the design are them made directly on the wall projection by the industrial designers.
A common concern of the profession is how to adapt new technology ,with its benefits and hazards ,to human needs . In a fast-growing world economic industrial design is also challenged to find ways of influencing purchasing based on considerations other than necessity of replacement of a product due to normal wear and tear. One trend ,which is inherent in the field of fashion where frequency of buying is determined by frequency of change in taste ,is known as artificially accelerated obsolescence . This trend became more prevalent, despite strong criticism ,and has been seen in other lines of products such as automobiles and large home appliances . Nevertheless , it is found justifiable for disposable products in the health and hygiene industry .
写作运用 描述性写作
重点、难点： I. 特点及常用结构 1. 描述性文章是把人物、事件、景观、地点、环境等用生动的语言，形象地描绘出来。 2. 描述性文章的结构 （1）人物： 开头应有简明的介绍 文章的主体部分可按时间或事件的主次进行描述 结尾进行评论或谈感受 （2）地点： 要学会准确地表示方位的词或短语 描述地点的位置通常由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。 总之，无论是描述人物，还是地点、环境，都要详略得当，重点突出。 3. 学习并牢记下面的短语和句型 表空间顺序 in front of, in the front of, at the back of, on the right （left）side close to , next to, opposite, across, inside, outside in （to）the south / east / west / north on one side ..., on the other side（of）
常用短语和句型： 方位 1. There is a tall shelf on the left of my room. （on the right of, in the front of, near the window, ） 2. Above the bed, there is a large painting of the blue sea. （On the right of the room,） 3. Next to it is a bed. （In front of it, At the back of, In the middle of, To the right of ） 4. They are opposite the door. （on the left / right of the room.） 5. The office building is in the east of the campus. （in the south of, to the west of, in front of, behind, at the back of, ） 6. The monument, which was built in 1894, stands in the center of the square. 描述国家，城市等 7. China is located in Asia. （be situated...；be surrounded by, lie to the east of ） 8. It covers a huge area of 9,600 000 square kilometers. 9. The population of this city is 100,000. 路线 10. When you come out of ...（get to ...reach...） 11. Cross the street（river）（keep walking along... walk down...） 12. Turn right at the end of Bridge Street into Riverside Road. （the second traffic lights, the first crossing, ） 13. Take the first turning on your left. （take the path which crosses the river.）） 14. Go straight on to the traffic light and then turn right. 15. You'll see （find）it 人物 16. My grandpa, kind and patient, enjoys talking with kids. 17. He is about 5 feet and 7 inches tall. 18. She has a round face with two big eyes. 描述物品 19. This rope is 100 meters long. = The length of this rope is 100 meters. = This rope is 100 meters in length. （in weight, in width, in height, in size, in color, in shape） 20. It is a round yellow hat with pink flowers on it. It's made of straw. 21. There are three books in the drawer.
范文示例：
My Dream House
House, it’s very important for us, because we must study, live ,and sleep in it . My dream house is very different from the usual house. I would like to introduce it to you if you are interested in it. The shape of my dream house like a strawberry; the roof if green, and walls are red. Let’s enter my dream house and look around: it consists of a living-room, a study-room, a bedroom, and a bathroom. The wall of the bedroom is covered with mink, so that I can sleep with a sweet dream and feel more comfortable. There are a lot of things in my house-such as computers, televisions, telephones, tables, beds, and so on. Of course, the cost of my dream house is very big, too. How can make my dream come true? We will realize it only by our hard working.
巩固练习
选词填空
1．Isn’t it surprising that a bag lady has run into a gold watch in the________(垃圾)?
2．While I was studying in a room of our________(公寓)，my roommate was having a party in another room.
3．Though many people around the world study English，their view of British culture is sometimes________(狭窄)．
4．The girl opened the c ________to light the room a little.
5．We didn’t have enough money to buy a house，so they r ________the house to us at 500 yuan a month.
6．After supper，she cleaned the kitchen，folded clothes，b ________the kids，and put them to bed.
所给短语的正确形式填空
1．Wang Ming doesn’t believe in ghosts.____________，he wouldn’t like to stay alone in that room in the evening.
2．When I was a little child，my grandfather used to tell me many stories. Now I would like to ____________you one of my favorites.
3．In order not to be found，the boy hid himself behind the door，____________.
4．We felt worried about you because we didn’t know where you went last night. We had been waiting here for ____________three hours for you.
5．She once ____________becoming a famous pop singer，which seems to have come true now.
完成句子
1．读完整个故事并仔细考虑后，那人得出一个合理的结论。
After reading the whole story and thinking carefully about it，the man ________a reasonable ________about it.
2．他们对这些囚犯毫无怜悯之意。
They________ ________ ________ ________these prisoners.
3．我没有这盘磁带，这就是我为什么想复制一盘的原因。
I don’t have this tape，and________ ________I’d like to make a copy of it.
4．外面如此黑暗以至于他不能够看清步行者的脸。
It was________ ________outside ________he couldn’t see clearly the faces of walkers.
5．医生说，任何一个吸香烟的人都在危害他的健康。
Any man________ ________ ________is，the doctor says，risking his health.
单项填空
1．We should do something to help those ________lost their homes in the terrible earthquake.
A．whom B．which C．who D．/
2．Michael never dreamt of ________for him to be sent abroad very soon.
A．being a chance B．there’s chance
C．there to be a chance D．there being a chance
3．It was quite emergent. The small boat and its staff were at the ________of the rough sea.
A．kindness B．sympathy C．mercy D．heart
4．This is ________an interesting book ________I’ d like to read.
A．such；that B．so；that C．such；as D．as；as
5．Is this the reason ________at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A．he explained B．what he explained C．how he explained D．why he explained
6．My father often told me about the things and persons ________he could remember when he was at college.
A．which B．what C．that D．as
7．The gentleman ________you told me yesterday was actually a thief.
A．whom B．about which C．about whom D．who
8． Only in this way ________to make improvement in your study.
A．you can hope B．you did hope C．can you hope D．did you hope
9．Old people usually don’t like living________，as there is much noise there.
A．downtown B．in the downtown C．the downtown area D．in downtown
10．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
—Yes，there is one point ________we must insist on.
A．why B．where C．how D．/
阅读理解
A
/
Paris had the Eiffel Tower，Rome the Colosseum (圆形大剧场)，New York the Statue of Liberty. These symbolic landmarks are recognizable worldwide.
Brussels meanwhile has the Manneken Piss (撒尿小童)．Think of the Belgian (比利时的) capital and，if anything，you think of the small peeing (撒尿) boy－a 60-centimetre-high bronze figure standing on a block，supplying a constant stream of water to the basin under him.
Some might laugh. But for Jacques Stroobants，the statue is up there with the best of them.
“I am proud of him.People come from all around the world to see him，”says 60-year-old Stroobants with a fatherly glance at the little boy.
As the most famous landmark of Brussels，Manneken Piss has a very special place in the heart of Belgians.The original Manneken Piss dates back to 1388，but the statue tourists see today dates from 1619 when the city built a second one，after the original was destroyed.
There are many stories surrounding the legend of Manneken Piss. Nobody knows why he was created.One story is that he saved Brussels by putting out the flames of a deadly fire with his wellaimed wee-wee (小便)．But the most believable story is that the boy－the son of a wealthy nobleman－was missing and feared kidnapped (绑架)．The father had a statue built in honour of the way his son was found－peeing against a tree.
1．The Manneken Piss is the symbol of________，which stands on a block of________.
A．English；the capital B．Italy；a provincial capital
C．Belgian；the capital D．Swede；the capital
2．The Manneken Piss has a very special place in the heart of Belgians because________.
A．it provides a good resting place for the Belgians
B．it is a special statue with many beautiful and moving legends
C．it’s good-looking with water running continuously
D．it helps the Belgians make a lot of money every year
3．If Belgians regard the Manneken as a hero，they may be more willing to believe the statue was made________.
A．for a country boy who was peeing against a big tree
B．in honour of the boy who saved Brussels by putting out the flames of a big fire with his wee-wee
C．in honour of a little Belgian soldier who gave his life for his country
D．for the son of a rich man who was lost
4．The underlined word “figure” in Paragraph 2 can be instead of________.
A．statue B．number
C．book D．person
B
Magical Beginnings
Disney World pays special attention to its littlest visitors，starting with quick online tools that help parent find the best attractions and entertainment in each theme park. Once there，special amenities (设施) make things easier: such as stroller rental，Baby Care Centers (for nursing，changing，and feeding babies)，and “the baby swap”．Disney World also has “Little Ones Travel Time” in early fall，with special entertainment and “Little Ones Magic Hour” in Fantasyland.
Downtown Disney
The Downtown Disney shopping/entertainment zone offers：
?Fun for kids－at the Lego store，in a pool and fountain，on a carousel (旋转木马) or train ride (for a charge)．
?Lots of shops；nightlife；restaurants，including the Rainforest Cafe (make a reservation first)．
?DisneyQuest a five-story，indoor interactive virtual adventure land.
Disney World also has miniature golf，golf，biking，spas，horseback riding，boating.
Disney’s Hollywood Studios
Top attractions include the Star Tours simulator (模拟的) ride，the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror drop ride，Rock’n’Roller Coaster (过山车)．Movie fans can tour the working studios，or try The Great Movie Ride.
Disney’s Hollywood Studios has some great live shows: Indiana Jones，the Beauty and the Beast musical. Don’t miss the night-time Fantastic!
Magic Kingdom Theme Park
Magic Kingdom is the original Disney theme park，first built in Disneyland，and now part of every Disney location (Disneyland Paris，Hong Kong etc.)．Signature attractions include The Haunted Mansion and the three mountain roller coasters (Space，Splash，and Big Thunder)．Magic Kingdom is the top park for little kids，with attractions such as the Dumbo tea-cup ride，carousel，Winnie the Pooh，Peter Pan，etc.
5．If you have a baby that is learning to walk，you can travel to________.
A．Magic Kingdom Theme Park
B．Magical Beginnings
C．Disney’s Hollywood Studios
D．Downtown Disney
6．In Downtown Disney you can do all the following EXCEPT________.
A．having a coffee B．playing golf
C．taking the train D．going climbing
7．Which of the following attractions belongs to Magic Kingdom Theme Park?
A．Rock’n ’Roller Coaster.
B．Little Ones Travel Time.
C．The Haunted Mansion.
D．The Great Movie Ride.
8．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Some Attractions of Disney World for Holidays
B．Beautiful Theme Parks Around the Whole World
C．Top Attractions and Entertainment in the US
D．All Kinds of Parks for the Little Visitors
语法填空
The telephone is the most popular and widely used means of communication, which has really changed the world. Today, you find 1 in attractive designs, models and colors. 2 cell phones and wireless technology offer almost everyone convenience today, a wired telephone can still be found in many places. The telephone 3 (invent) by Alexander G/raham Bell. There is no clear evidence of the origin of the word “telephone”. It is believed 4 the word “telephone” comes from two Greek words, “tele” meaning “far” and “phone” meaning “sound”.
Alexander Bell, a professor 5 trained instructors to teach speech and hearing-impaired (听力受损的) people, got to know about 6 slight differences of sound and its nature. Bell initially wanted to invent a better telegraph that could send multiple messages or signals 7 the same time. During experiments, the concept of making a device that could transmit (传输) speech through electricity, struck Bell’s mind. In 1875, while experimenting, Bell heard the sound of a clock through the wire. This inspired him greatly. And along with his 8 (assist) and electrician, Thomas A. Watson, he continued experimenting tirelessly 9 (build) a piece of equipment that could transmit sound. Finally, on March 10th, 1876, Bell spoke the first words through a telephone, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” And they were clearly heard on the 10 side. These words have been recorded in hi/story and the date is marked as the official date of the invention of the telephone by Alexander Bell.
答案解析
选词填空
1．garbage 2.apartment 3.narrow 4.curtains5．rented 6.bathed
所给短语的正确形式填空
1．Even so 2.share with 3.holding his breath 4.at least 5.dreamed of
完成句子
1．drew；conclusion 2.had no mercy on 3.that’s why 4.so dark；that 5.who smokes cigarettes
单项填空
1．【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意为：我们应当做些事情来帮助在可怕的大地震中失去家园的人。定语从句中缺少主语，故不能省略，排除D项，whom只能作宾语，which仅指物，而先行词those在这里指人，应用关系代词who，故排除A、B两项，选C项。
2．【解析】选D。迈克尔从来没有想到这么快就有机会去国外。dream of“梦想”，后接动词要用doing形式；there be表示“有”，把二者合二为一，则用there being。
3．【解析】选C。at the mercy of“由……摆布”。句意为：情况非常紧急，小渔船和船上的人处于大海狂风恶浪的摆布之下。
4．【解析】选C。第二个空格后的句子成分是不完整的，由此可以判断是一个定语从句，根据前面的搭配可知，此处应该选as，构成了such...as...定语从句结构。
5．【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意为：这是他在会议上解释的他在工作中疏忽的原因吗？定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略，故选A项。what不能引导定语从句，how，why为关系副词，不能作宾语，故排除C、D两项。
6．【解析】选C。由题意判断看这是一个定语从句，定语从句的先行词是the things and persons，当先行词既有人又有物的时候只能用that来引导。
7．【解析】选C。句意为：你昨天告诉我的那个绅士事实上是个贼。先行词指人，故B项错误，“告诉某人关于某人的情况”应用tell sb. about sb.，故应是C项。
8．【解析】选C。本题考查倒装。only修饰的状语或状语从句位于句首时，主句的谓语用部分倒装。所以C正确。
9．【解析】选A。downtown adj.& adv.闹市区的，在闹市区。本题live downtown，意为“住在闹市区”，downtown为副词。
10．【解析】选D。insist on为及物动词词组，故引导词作定语从句的宾语，故选D。
阅读理解
1．【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文中第二段可知。
2．【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文中五、六段可知。
3．【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文中最后一段可知。
4．【解析】选A。猜测词义题。figure“塑像”。
5．【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一节中的“special amenities (设施) make things easier：such as stroller rental，Baby Care Centers...”可知，这里为婴儿提供一些特殊设施，由此可以选出正确答案。
6．【解析】选D。细节理解题。联系第二小节中相关的娱乐项目，其中没有提到爬山，所以D项符合题意。
7．【解析】选C。细节理解题。最后一小节中的内容提到了“The Haunted Mansion”，所以正确答案选C。
8．【解析】选A。标题概括题。本文介绍了迪斯尼的几个景点，可以供游客节日旅游，故A项正确。
语法填空
1. it。此处用代词it代指前文的the telephone。
2. Though/Although。此处用连词/Though或Although引导一个表示让步的状语从句。
3. was invented。此处用一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情。用被动语态表示句子的主语The telephone是invent这一动作承受者。
4. that。此处用连词that引导一个主语从句。
5. who/that。此处用关系代词who或that引导/一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词professor，并在从句中作主语。
6. the。此处用定冠词在句中表示特指。
7. at。at the same time意为“同时”。
8. assistant。根据后文的人名可知，此处用所给单词的名词形式assistant表示“助手”。
9. to build。此处用动词不定式，在句中作目的状语。
10. other。此处用the other side表示“另一端”。
语言积累
交际用语
1. 做出决定（making decisions ） I think / don’t think that…我认为/不认为…… I’ve decided that… 我已经决定…… Let’s make a decision. 我们做个决定 I believe that … 我相信……
Let’s decide… 让我们决定…… 2. 说明理由（Reasoning） The advantage/disadvantage is …有利的/不利的……
I agree/don’t agree… because…我同意/ 不同意…… 因为…… Give me your reasons. 给我你的理由 First… Second… 首先……其次…… What makes you think so? 为什么这么想？ I think…because(of)…我认为……因为…… As/ Since…, I think… 因为……我认为…… 范例： 1. ―I think there are several advantages in city life.
―Yes, I believe that’s why most people like to live in the city. ―我认为城市生活有很多有利的地方。 ―是的，我相信这就是为什么许多人愿意来大城市生活的原因。 2. ―I think we can work together to create an even better system. ― I agree with you ,because unity is power. ― 我想我们一起能够创造一个更好的系统。 ― 我同意你的观点，因为团结就是力量。 3. ―Do not you think they are flirting with each other? ― what makes you think so ? ― 你不认为他们互相在打情骂俏吗？ ― 你为什么这样想？ 4. ―One major disadvantage of selling expertise or another competitive advantage is that the company creates potential future competitors when it gives away its unique advantage. ― I agree because anything has its vice result. ―销售专门知识或其它竞争性优势技术的最大缺点之一是，当其出售了唯一优势技术 后，它也为自己树立了潜在的未来竞争者。 ― 我同意你的观点，什么事儿都有它的负面影响。 5．― How do you like the story? Give me your reasons, please. ― First , it is very interesting and second I like the plot. ― 喜欢这个故事吗?说说理由。 ― 首先这个故事非常有趣儿，其次我喜欢里面的情节。
拓展阅读
Industrial design
The industrial design is the art and science involved in the creation of machine-made products by large-scale industry for mass distribution . It is concerned with aesthetic appearance, in consumer goods ,as well as with functional efficiency.
The term industrial design was originated in 1919 by the American industrial designer Joseph Sinel(1887-1975). Initially ,industrial designers dealt exclusively with machine-made consumer products . Eventually ,however ,the scope of the profession enlarged to include the design of capital goods ,such as farm machinery , industrial tools and transportation equipment ,and the planning of exhibitions ,commercial buildings and packaging.
Under prevailing standards of design, a product should have beauty of line, color, proportion ,and texture ;high efficiency and safety of operation ;convenience or comfort in use; ease of maintenance and repair; durability ;and expression of fun_ction in terms of form . The relative importance of any of these standards may vary depending on the object. Thus , line and proportion may be more desirable in a sofa than in a tractor , where durability and easy maintenance may be paramount . A consideration basic to all good design is the factor of realistic cost. Thus , effective industrial design requires, besides artistic ability ,combined knowledge of engineering principles and materials ,production techniques and cost ,and marketing conditions.
The industrial designer must be concerned not only with product design but with the conditions under which products are sold . In planning retail stores and display area ,for example, the industrial designer works with the architect to increase the revenue-producing interior space and to create arrangements and atmosphere conducive to sales . Industrial designers also work to facilitate the profitable operation of railroad stations ,airports ,hotels ,shopping centers ,exhibitions ,restaurants, public auditoriums ,television stations ,and offices.
Every design problem requires special procedures ,timing and techniques, but there is a general routine applicable to all. After the industrial designer is informed of the needs of the client--- including data on the intended market for the product, budget allocation ,and company policy and equipment--- specialists associated with the designer conduct a study of competitive products and an extensive field survey of the manufacturer's plant. A design program is planned ,and preliminary designs of the proposed product are them sketched on the basis of the available plant facilities. Rough sketches are chosen for further refinement and study, and the client is then presented with design studies, often in the form of a small model or of a mock-up . Following the selection of the approved design , working drawings indicating the choice of materials and the specifications for finishing and assembly are prepared. A handmade working model is then manufactured and submitted to the client for approval. In the case of an automobile ,for example .one or several are handmade and tested at proving grounds before final machine dies are ordered and production begins.
The industrial designer is essentially the creator of a pattern to guide the operations of skilled persons or machines . The development of industrial design leads to the creation of new procedures in order that the modifications in the design may be molded directly from the old products. Another industrial-design method is based on the fact that small models do not reflect accurately the design characteristics of the full-scale product. Distortion often occurs in magnification as a result of highlights and shadows that change basic spatial relationships . To view the design in full scale ,the profession employs a photographic system in which a small drawing is projected to full scale on a section of a wall. Revisions of the design are them made directly on the wall projection by the industrial designers.
A common concern of the profession is how to adapt new technology ,with its benefits and hazards ,to human needs . In a fast-growing world economic industrial design is also challenged to find ways of influencing purchasing based on considerations other than necessity of replacement of a product due to normal wear and tear. One trend ,which is inherent in the field of fashion where frequency of buying is determined by frequency of change in taste ,is known as artificially accelerated obsolescence . This trend became more prevalent, despite strong criticism ,and has been seen in other lines of products such as automobiles and large home appliances . Nevertheless , it is found justifiable for disposable products in the health and hygiene industry .
写作运用 描述性写作
重点、难点： I. 特点及常用结构 1. 描述性文章是把人物、事件、景观、地点、环境等用生动的语言，形象地描绘出来。 2. 描述性文章的结构 （1）人物： 开头应有简明的介绍 文章的主体部分可按时间或事件的主次进行描述 结尾进行评论或谈感受 （2）地点： 要学会准确地表示方位的词或短语 描述地点的位置通常由上至下，从里到外，从左至右，从远到近。 总之，无论是描述人物，还是地点、环境，都要详略得当，重点突出。 3. 学习并牢记下面的短语和句型 表空间顺序 in front of, in the front of, at the back of, on the right （left）side close to , next to, opposite, across, inside, outside in （to）the south / east / west / north on one side ..., on the other side（of）
常用短语和句型： 方位 1. There is a tall shelf on the left of my room. （on the right of, in the front of, near the window, ） 2. Above the bed, there is a large painting of the blue sea. （On the right of the room,） 3. Next to it is a bed. （In front of it, At the back of, In the middle of, To the right of ） 4. They are opposite the door. （on the left / right of the room.） 5. The office building is in the east of the campus. （in the south of, to the west of, in front of, behind, at the back of, ） 6. The monument, which was built in 1894, stands in the center of the square. 描述国家，城市等 7. China is located in Asia. （be situated...；be surrounded by, lie to the east of ） 8. It covers a huge area of 9,600 000 square kilometers. 9. The population of this city is 100,000. 路线 10. When you come out of ...（get to ...reach...） 11. Cross the street（river）（keep walking along... walk down...） 12. Turn right at the end of Bridge Street into Riverside Road. （the second traffic lights, the first crossing, ） 13. Take the first turning on your left. （take the path which crosses the river.）） 14. Go straight on to the traffic light and then turn right. 15. You'll see （find）it 人物 16. My grandpa, kind and patient, enjoys talking with kids. 17. He is about 5 feet and 7 inches tall. 18. She has a round face with two big eyes. 描述物品 19. This rope is 100 meters long. = The length of this rope is 100 meters. = This rope is 100 meters in length. （in weight, in width, in height, in size, in color, in shape） 20. It is a round yellow hat with pink flowers on it. It's made of straw. 21. There are three books in the drawer.
范文示例：
My Dream House
House, it’s very important for us, because we must study, live ,and sleep in it . My dream house is very different from the usual house. I would like to introduce it to you if you are interested in it. The shape of my dream house like a strawberry; the roof if green, and walls are red. Let’s enter my dream house and look around: it consists of a living-room, a study-room, a bedroom, and a bathroom. The wall of the bedroom is covered with mink, so that I can sleep with a sweet dream and feel more comfortable. There are a lot of things in my house-such as computers, televisions, telephones, tables, beds, and so on. Of course, the cost of my dream house is very big, too. How can make my dream come true? We will realize it only by our hard working.
巩固练习
选词填空
1．Isn’t it surprising that a bag lady has run into a gold watch in the________(垃圾)?
2．While I was studying in a room of our________(公寓)，my roommate was having a party in another room.
3．Though many people around the world study English，their view of British culture is sometimes________(狭窄)．
4．The girl opened the c ________to light the room a little.
5．We didn’t have enough money to buy a house，so they r ________the house to us at 500 yuan a month.
6．After supper，she cleaned the kitchen，folded clothes，b ________the kids，and put them to bed.
所给短语的正确形式填空
1．Wang Ming doesn’t believe in ghosts.____________，he wouldn’t like to stay alone in that room in the evening.
2．When I was a little child，my grandfather used to tell me many stories. Now I would like to ____________you one of my favorites.
3．In order not to be found，the boy hid himself behind the door，____________.
4．We felt worried about you because we didn’t know where you went last night. We had been waiting here for ____________three hours for you.
5．She once ____________becoming a famous pop singer，which seems to have come true now.
完成句子
1．读完整个故事并仔细考虑后，那人得出一个合理的结论。
After reading the whole story and thinking carefully about it，the man ________a reasonable ________about it.
2．他们对这些囚犯毫无怜悯之意。
They________ ________ ________ ________these prisoners.
3．我没有这盘磁带，这就是我为什么想复制一盘的原因。
I don’t have this tape，and________ ________I’d like to make a copy of it.
4．外面如此黑暗以至于他不能够看清步行者的脸。
It was________ ________outside ________he couldn’t see clearly the faces of walkers.
5．医生说，任何一个吸香烟的人都在危害他的健康。
Any man________ ________ ________is，the doctor says，risking his health.
单项填空
1．We should do something to help those ________lost their homes in the terrible earthquake.
A．whom B．which C．who D．/
2．Michael never dreamt of ________for him to be sent abroad very soon.
A．being a chance B．there’s chance
C．there to be a chance D．there being a chance
3．It was quite emergent. The small boat and its staff were at the ________of the rough sea.
A．kindness B．sympathy C．mercy D．heart
4．This is ________an interesting book ________I’ d like to read.
A．such；that B．so；that C．such；as D．as；as
5．Is this the reason ________at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A．he explained B．what he explained C．how he explained D．why he explained
6．My father often told me about the things and persons ________he could remember when he was at college.
A．which B．what C．that D．as
7．The gentleman ________you told me yesterday was actually a thief.
A．whom B．about which C．about whom D．who
8． Only in this way ________to make improvement in your study.
A．you can hope B．you did hope C．can you hope D．did you hope
9．Old people usually don’t like living________，as there is much noise there.
A．downtown B．in the downtown C．the downtown area D．in downtown
10．—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?
—Yes，there is one point ________we must insist on.
A．why B．where C．how D．/
阅读理解
A
/
Paris had the Eiffel Tower，Rome the Colosseum (圆形大剧场)，New York the Statue of Liberty. These symbolic landmarks are recognizable worldwide.
Brussels meanwhile has the Manneken Piss (撒尿小童)．Think of the Belgian (比利时的) capital and，if anything，you think of the small peeing (撒尿) boy－a 60-centimetre-high bronze figure standing on a block，supplying a constant stream of water to the basin under him.
Some might laugh. But for Jacques Stroobants，the statue is up there with the best of them.
“I am proud of him.People come from all around the world to see him，”says 60-year-old Stroobants with a fatherly glance at the little boy.
As the most famous landmark of Brussels，Manneken Piss has a very special place in the heart of Belgians.The original Manneken Piss dates back to 1388，but the statue tourists see today dates from 1619 when the city built a second one，after the original was destroyed.
There are many stories surrounding the legend of Manneken Piss. Nobody knows why he was created.One story is that he saved Brussels by putting out the flames of a deadly fire with his wellaimed wee-wee (小便)．But the most believable story is that the boy－the son of a wealthy nobleman－was missing and feared kidnapped (绑架)．The father had a statue built in honour of the way his son was found－peeing against a tree.
1．The Manneken Piss is the symbol of________，which stands on a block of________.
A．English；the capital B．Italy；a provincial capital
C．Belgian；the capital D．Swede；the capital
2．The Manneken Piss has a very special place in the heart of Belgians because________.
A．it provides a good resting place for the Belgians
B．it is a special statue with many beautiful and moving legends
C．it’s good-looking with water running continuously
D．it helps the Belgians make a lot of money every year
3．If Belgians regard the Manneken as a hero，they may be more willing to believe the statue was made________.
A．for a country boy who was peeing against a big tree
B．in honour of the boy who saved Brussels by putting out the flames of a big fire with his wee-wee
C．in honour of a little Belgian soldier who gave his life for his country
D．for the son of a rich man who was lost
4．The underlined word “figure” in Paragraph 2 can be instead of________.
A．statue B．number
C．book D．person
B
Magical Beginnings
Disney World pays special attention to its littlest visitors，starting with quick online tools that help parent find the best attractions and entertainment in each theme park. Once there，special amenities (设施) make things easier: such as stroller rental，Baby Care Centers (for nursing，changing，and feeding babies)，and “the baby swap”．Disney World also has “Little Ones Travel Time” in early fall，with special entertainment and “Little Ones Magic Hour” in Fantasyland.
Downtown Disney
The Downtown Disney shopping/entertainment zone offers：
?Fun for kids－at the Lego store，in a pool and fountain，on a carousel (旋转木马) or train ride (for a charge)．
?Lots of shops；nightlife；restaurants，including the Rainforest Cafe (make a reservation first)．
?DisneyQuest a five-story，indoor interactive virtual adventure land.
Disney World also has miniature golf，golf，biking，spas，horseback riding，boating.
Disney’s Hollywood Studios
Top attractions include the Star Tours simulator (模拟的) ride，the Twilight Zone Tower of Terror drop ride，Rock’n’Roller Coaster (过山车)．Movie fans can tour the working studios，or try The Great Movie Ride.
Disney’s Hollywood Studios has some great live shows: Indiana Jones，the Beauty and the Beast musical. Don’t miss the night-time Fantastic!
Magic Kingdom Theme Park
Magic Kingdom is the original Disney theme park，first built in Disneyland，and now part of every Disney location (Disneyland Paris，Hong Kong etc.)．Signature attractions include The Haunted Mansion and the three mountain roller coasters (Space，Splash，and Big Thunder)．Magic Kingdom is the top park for little kids，with attractions such as the Dumbo tea-cup ride，carousel，Winnie the Pooh，Peter Pan，etc.
5．If you have a baby that is learning to walk，you can travel to________.
A．Magic Kingdom Theme Park
B．Magical Beginnings
C．Disney’s Hollywood Studios
D．Downtown Disney
6．In Downtown Disney you can do all the following EXCEPT________.
A．having a coffee B．playing golf
C．taking the train D．going climbing
7．Which of the following attractions belongs to Magic Kingdom Theme Park?
A．Rock’n ’Roller Coaster.
B．Little Ones Travel Time.
C．The Haunted Mansion.
D．The Great Movie Ride.
8．What would be the best title for this passage?
A．Some Attractions of Disney World for Holidays
B．Beautiful Theme Parks Around the Whole World
C．Top Attractions and Entertainment in the US
D．All Kinds of Parks for the Little Visitors
语法填空
The telephone is the most popular and widely used means of communication, which has really changed the world. Today, you find 1 in attractive designs, models and colors. 2 cell phones and wireless technology offer almost everyone convenience today, a wired telephone can still be found in many places. The telephone 3 (invent) by Alexander G/raham Bell. There is no clear evidence of the origin of the word “telephone”. It is believed 4 the word “telephone” comes from two Greek words, “tele” meaning “far” and “phone” meaning “sound”.
Alexander Bell, a professor 5 trained instructors to teach speech and hearing-impaired (听力受损的) people, got to know about 6 slight differences of sound and its nature. Bell initially wanted to invent a better telegraph that could send multiple messages or signals 7 the same time. During experiments, the concept of making a device that could transmit (传输) speech through electricity, struck Bell’s mind. In 1875, while experimenting, Bell heard the sound of a clock through the wire. This inspired him greatly. And along with his 8 (assist) and electrician, Thomas A. Watson, he continued experimenting tirelessly 9 (build) a piece of equipment that could transmit sound. Finally, on March 10th, 1876, Bell spoke the first words through a telephone, “Mr. Watson, come here. I want to see you.” And they were clearly heard on the 10 side. These words have been recorded in hi/story and the date is marked as the official date of the invention of the telephone by Alexander Bell.
答案解析
选词填空
1．garbage 2.apartment 3.narrow 4.curtains5．rented 6.bathed
所给短语的正确形式填空
1．Even so 2.share with 3.holding his breath 4.at least 5.dreamed of
完成句子
1．drew；conclusion 2.had no mercy on 3.that’s why 4.so dark；that 5.who smokes cigarettes
单项填空
1．【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意为：我们应当做些事情来帮助在可怕的大地震中失去家园的人。定语从句中缺少主语，故不能省略，排除D项，whom只能作宾语，which仅指物，而先行词those在这里指人，应用关系代词who，故排除A、B两项，选C项。
2．【解析】选D。迈克尔从来没有想到这么快就有机会去国外。dream of“梦想”，后接动词要用doing形式；there be表示“有”，把二者合二为一，则用there being。
3．【解析】选C。at the mercy of“由……摆布”。句意为：情况非常紧急，小渔船和船上的人处于大海狂风恶浪的摆布之下。
4．【解析】选C。第二个空格后的句子成分是不完整的，由此可以判断是一个定语从句，根据前面的搭配可知，此处应该选as，构成了such...as...定语从句结构。
5．【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意为：这是他在会议上解释的他在工作中疏忽的原因吗？定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时，可省略，故选A项。what不能引导定语从句，how，why为关系副词，不能作宾语，故排除C、D两项。
6．【解析】选C。由题意判断看这是一个定语从句，定语从句的先行词是the things and persons，当先行词既有人又有物的时候只能用that来引导。
7．【解析】选C。句意为：你昨天告诉我的那个绅士事实上是个贼。先行词指人，故B项错误，“告诉某人关于某人的情况”应用tell sb. about sb.，故应是C项。
8．【解析】选C。本题考查倒装。only修饰的状语或状语从句位于句首时，主句的谓语用部分倒装。所以C正确。
9．【解析】选A。downtown adj.& adv.闹市区的，在闹市区。本题live downtown，意为“住在闹市区”，downtown为副词。
10．【解析】选D。insist on为及物动词词组，故引导词作定语从句的宾语，故选D。
阅读理解
1．【解析】选C。细节理解题。由文中第二段可知。
2．【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文中五、六段可知。
3．【解析】选B。细节理解题。由文中最后一段可知。
4．【解析】选A。猜测词义题。figure“塑像”。
5．【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一节中的“special amenities (设施) make things easier：such as stroller rental，Baby Care Centers...”可知，这里为婴儿提供一些特殊设施，由此可以选出正确答案。
6．【解析】选D。细节理解题。联系第二小节中相关的娱乐项目，其中没有提到爬山，所以D项符合题意。
7．【解析】选C。细节理解题。最后一小节中的内容提到了“The Haunted Mansion”，所以正确答案选C。
8．【解析】选A。标题概括题。本文介绍了迪斯尼的几个景点，可以供游客节日旅游，故A项正确。
语法填空
1. it。此处用代词it代指前文的the telephone。
2. Though/Although。此处用连词/Though或Although引导一个表示让步的状语从句。
3. was invented。此处用一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情。用被动语态表示句子的主语The telephone是invent这一动作承受者。
4. that。此处用连词that引导一个主语从句。
5. who/that。此处用关系代词who或that引导/一个定语从句，修饰前面的名词professor，并在从句中作主语。
6. the。此处用定冠词在句中表示特指。
7. at。at the same time意为“同时”。
8. assistant。根据后文的人名可知，此处用所给单词的名词形式assistant表示“助手”。
9. to build。此处用动词不定式，在句中作目的状语。
10. other。此处用the other side表示“另一端”。