Unit 6 Design语言点(二)
目标认知
重点词汇
skill,rent, mercy, downtown, curtain, spare, besides, protect
重点短语
date back to, hold one’s breath, be surrounded by, be determined to do sth., send in
知识讲解
重点词汇
skill
【原句回放】A young farmer who wanted a wife would look at a young woman’s paper-cutting skills before marrying her!年轻农夫会依据年轻女子的剪纸手艺来挑选自己的新娘。(P40)
【点拨】skill n.
(1)技能,技巧,技艺
The crisis put his courage and skill to the test.
这次危难是对他的勇气和技能的考验。
(2)(专门的)技术
Their earnings are in proportion to their skills.
他们的收入与技术成比例。
思维拓展
skilled adj. 有技能的,熟练的
skillful adj. 熟练的
skillfully adv. 巧妙地,精巧地
skillfulness n. 有技巧(制作精巧)
rent
【原句回放】The house on Mango Street is ours,and we don’t have to pay rent to anybody,or share the yard with the people downstairs,or be careful not to make too much noise,and worried about the landlord being angry.芒果街的房子是我们自己的,我们不用给任何人交房租,不用和楼下的住户共用院子,不用小心翼翼地不大声喧哗,也不用担心房东生气。(P42)
【点拨】rent(1)n. 租金,租费
The rent is due at the end of each quarter.缴纳租金以每季度末为期限。
(2)vt. 1)租用,租借
They want to rent a house by the side of the river.他们想在河边租一所房子。
2)出租(常与out连用)
He rented the house out to a young couple.
他把这所房子租给了一对年轻的夫妇。
(3)vi. 出租,出赁
This office rents for $500 a month.
这个写字间以每月租金500美元的价格出租。
易混辨析
hire,lease,rent,let,charter
这些动词均含“租,租用”之意。
hire多指短期租用,在英国一般指租用车、船。
lease指按照租约租出或租用房屋、土地或其他不动产。
rent在英国指较长时间租出或租用房屋、商店或土地;而
在美国指长时间或短时期租用各种资产以及日用品。
let尤指出租房屋或地产等。
charter指承租大型运输工具,如飞机、轮船、大客车以及火车等。
常用结构
for rent出租的,供租用
rent at(使)以(某价钱)租出
rent sth. to租(房子等)给
rent sth. from sb. 从某人处租某物
rent out租出
mercy
【原句回放】He had no mercy so we had to leave fast.他一点儿都不善良,所以我们得快点离开。(P42)
【点拨】(1)have no mercy on对……一点儿也不怜悯
They have no mercy on the poor father and daughter.他们不怜悯这对可怜的父女。
(2)mercy n.
1)慈悲,宽恕,怜悯,同情,仁慈
The king showed no mercy and killed all the prisoners.
这个国王没有宽容之心,杀死了所有的犯人。
2)幸运,恩惠
It’s a mercy the accident happened so close to the hospital.
幸亏车祸发生在离医院很近的地方。
易混辨析
pity,mercy,sympathy,compassion
这些名词均有“同情,怜悯”之意。
pity指对弱者、不幸者所表示的怜惜之情。
mercy侧重指对应受惩罚者或地位卑下者的慈悲或怜悯。
sympathy普通用词,含义广,既指志趣、看法上的一致,也指感情相投,带有深深的恻隐之心或亲切之情。
compassion较正式庄重用词,指对同等人的同情与理解,常含急切愿意帮忙的意味。
常用结构
at the mercy of任凭……的摆布,完全受……的支配,在……掌握中
beg for mercy乞求宽恕
for mercy’s sake看在上帝的份上
in one’s mercy出于慈悲,出于恻隐之心
show mercy to someone=have mercy on/upon someone宽恕某人
throw/fling oneself on/upon someone’s mercy请求某人宽恕
without mercy残忍地,毫不留情地
思维拓展
merciful adj. 仁慈的,宽恕的,宽容的
mercifully adv. 仁慈地,宽恕地,幸运地
merciless adj. 不仁慈的,不宽恕的,无怜悯心的
downtown
【原词回放】downtown(P43)
【点拨】 downtown (1)n. 市中心区,市中心
The park is only five minutes from downtown.
这个花园离市中心只有5分钟的路程。
(2)adj. 市中心的
I have an apartment in downtown New York.我在纽约市区有一套住房。
(3)adv. 往市区,在市区
A new skyscraper has been put up downtown.市中心又建起了一座摩天大厦。
curtain
【原句回放】curtain(P43)
【点拨】 curtain (1)n. 1)帘,窗帘,幔,帷幔
The curtain was suddenly drawn and a bright light shone in.突然窗帘拉开了,一道强光照了进来。
2)(舞台上的)幕,帷幕
As soon as the curtain rose,the audience quieted down.大幕一拉开,观众们顿时安静下来。
3)(戏剧等的)落幕,闭幕,开幕
Curtain dropped for Beijing 2008 Paralympic Games.2008年北京残奥会落下了帷幕。
4)覆盖物,隐蔽物
The castle was hidden behind a curtain of smoke.那座城堡被一层烟雾遮掩着。
(2)vt. 1)给……挂上帘子
I have enough material to curtain all the windows.
我有足够的料子把所有的窗户都挂上窗帘。
2)用帘子(或帷幔)隔开(常与off连用)
Part of the bedroom has been curtained off.部分卧室已用帷幔隔开。
3)用帷幔(或帘状物)遮蔽,掩盖
The drizzling rain curtained the beautiful lake.蒙蒙细雨遮住了美丽的湖景。
spare
【原词回放】spare(P44)
【点拨】 spare (1)n. 剩余,备用零件,备用轮胎
During the war Frank used to make spare parts for airplanes.
在战争期间,弗兰克曾生产飞机用的零部件。
(2)adj. 1)多余的,备用的,简陋的
What do you like doing in your spare time?
你在闲暇时喜欢做什么?
2)薄弱的,瘦的
His tall and spare frame cut an impressive figure.
他那修长和瘦弱的身材给人以深刻的印象。
(3)vt. 1)宽恕,赦免,饶过,使不受……的伤害
The prisoner was spared.那个囚犯被赦免了。
She never spares any other’s feelings.
她从不伤害别人的感情。
2)使免于(紧张、不安等),解除
Your joke spared her needless embarrassment.你的笑话解除了她不必要的窘迫。
The doctor tried to spare him from pain.
那位医生尽力使他免受痛苦。
3)不用
This kind of cars spares the gear lever.
这类汽车不用变速杆。
4)留出,抽出,拨出,匀出
Spare a plot of land for vegetables.
留出一小块地种菜吧。
5)(尤指不会造成不便或损失地)供给,给予
Can you spare me 500 dollars?你能借给我500美元吗?
6)节约,节俭;吝惜(常用于否定句)
A walnut sundae,and don’t spare the cream.
做胡桃圣代冰淇淋,就甭想少用奶油。
7)剩下,余下
Do you have any sugar to spare?你的食糖有富余吗?
常用结构
spare oneself怕吃苦,偷懒,不努力
drive someone spare令某人十分恼火,令某人很担心
spare no efforts不遗余力
spare no expense不惜费用
spare no pains不辞劳苦,全力以赴
思维拓展
sparely adv. 缺乏地,节俭地,瘦瘦地
spareness n. 缺乏,贫乏,瘦弱
besides
【原句回放】Besides the temple,visitors can enjoy the grounds outside,where there are more than 1,000 stone tablets and over 100,000 tombs.除了孔庙,游客们还可以在寺庙外游玩,那里有1,000多个石碑和100,000多个墓冢。(P46)
【点拨】 besides 1)adv. 而且,此外
I’d like to go to fetch the parcel for you in the post office.Besides,walking is good for my health.
我愿意为你到邮局取邮包,而且,步行对我的健康也有好处。
2)除……之外
All the other students came to help to work at the old people’s home besides Jim.
除了吉姆之外,其他所有学生也都到养老院帮助干活了。
易混辨析
besides,but,except,except for
这些介词或介词短语均含“除……之外”之意。
besides侧重指另外还有。
but侧重指不包括在内,不如except表达的意思明确,也不如except表达的语气强。
except侧重于排除在外,从整体里减去,可与but换用,但语气较强。
except for多用于在说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定时,还引出相反的原因或细节,从而部分地修正前面的主要意思,含惋惜意味。
protect
【原句回放】The valley is also home to many protected species of plants including bamboo.九寨沟的峡谷也是包括竹子在内的许多受保护的植物品种的家园。(P46)
【点拨】 protect vt.
(1)保护,防护,防卫,警戒
A line of forts was built along the border to protect the country against attack.
边界沿线构筑了碉堡,以防敌人进攻该国。
(2)(通过关税)保护(国内企业)
The country’s car industry is so strongly protected that foreign cars are rarely seen there.
该国对汽车工业严加保护,以至于外国汽车甚为罕见。
(3)投保,为……买保险
The insurance policy protects you against theft.
你若遭窃,保险单将保证偿付你的损失。
(4)(制定法律)保护
These rare tigers are protected by special laws.
这些珍贵的老虎受到专门的法律保护。
易混辨析
defend,protect,guard,shelter,harbour
这些词均有“保护,保卫”之意。
①defend普通用词,指用武力或其他措施使人或物不受损害,消除危险。用作比喻时,指坚持某种行动、决定或意见。
②protect普通用词,指用某种手段作为防御工具以防危险或伤害。
③guard普通用词,指保持警惕以防可能的攻击或伤害。
④shelter通常指寻找安全地方躲避风雨或使人免遭危害。
⑤harbour贬义词,指隐匿或非法保护、窝藏。
常用结构
protect...from/against... 保护……免受……
思维拓展
protection n. 保护,防卫
protectionism n. 贸易保护主义
protectionist adj. 贸易保护主义的
protective adj. 保护的,防卫的
protectively adv. 保护性地
protector n. 保护者,保护物,保护装置
protectorate n. 受保护国,保护关系
重点短语
date back to
【原句回放】Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty! 在南北朝时期的墓中就已经发现了动物剪纸。(P40)
【点拨】date back to起源于,追溯于,可以追溯到
The castle dates from/dates back to/goes back to the 14th century.
这个城堡追溯到14世纪。
This custom dates back to/dates from the 16th century.
这个风俗可以追溯到16世纪。
温馨提示
date from=go back to(一般用于一般现在时,无被动语态)
常用结构
date the letter在信上写明日期
to date到目前为止
make/have a date with sb. 与某人约会,定—个(会面的)日期
out of date过时的,废弃的
out-of-date形容词作定语,过时的
up to date最新的,直至目前的
up-to-date形容词作定语,最新的,现代的
思维拓展
dated adj. 过时的,陈旧的
dater n. 日期戳
dateless adj. 无日期的,无期限的
hold one’s breath
【原句回放】It’s small and red with narrow steps in front and windows so small that you’d think they were holding their breath.房子很小,是红色的,前面是窄窄的楼梯,窗子小得让你觉得它们在屏住呼吸。(P42)
【点拨】 hold one’s breath不出气,屏住呼吸
It’s possible to hold one’s breath for three minutes with practice.
经过练习屏住呼吸3分钟是可能的。
How long do you think they can hold their breath?
你认为他们憋气能憋多久?
常用结构
catch/claw/get hold of抓住,握住
have a hold on/over有……的控制力(或权力、威力),掌握了……的要点
loose(one’s)hold of/on/over松手,放弃,失去对……的控制/理解能力
on hold推迟,中断,等某人接电话
take a(firm) hold on oneself克制自己,冷静下来
take hold开始完全控制
holder n. 持有人,所有人,支持物
holding n. 把持,支持,保持
holdings n. 持有
holdup n. 持枪抢劫
be surrounded by
【原句回放】Surrounded by fields,mountains and rivers,the Old Town of Lijiang looks like a jade ink stone in spring and summer.周围环绕着田野、山脉和河流,春夏两季时的古城丽江看上去就像一块翡翠般的玉石。(P46)
句式分析:Surrounded by fields,mountains and rivers是过去分词短语作伴随状语。
【点拨】 be surrounded by(四周)被……环绕/包围
Let as all be surrounded by the true meaning of “Big Love”!
让真正的“大爱”围绕在你我的身边!
Do you still need every now and again to be surrounded by hedges and trees?
你现在还需要无时无刻都处在树篱和树丛的包围中吗?
1)surround vt. 环绕,围绕,包围
A crowd surrounded him.一群人围着他。
Complete secrecy surrounded the meeting.会议在绝密中进行。
2)surround...with 用……把……围住,通常用于被动语态,即be surrounded with(四周)被……环绕或包围。
The school was surrounded by/with a fence.学校被篱笆围着。
Taiwan is surrounded by/with the sea.台湾被海包围。
温馨提示
1)要表达“在某一方面被包围或围住”,通常后面接介词to,by或on。
The village is surrounded by mountains on its sides.
这个村子被群山环绕。
2)surround的v. -ing形式surrounding可作形容词或者名词。
①作形容词时置于名词前,意为“周围的,附近的”。
the surrounding scenery周围的风景
②作名词时,常用复数形式,意为“环境”。
I’d like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.我想在健康的环境中抚养我的孩子。
思维拓展
surrounded adj. (后面与by,with连用)被……环绕着的
surrounding adj. 周围的
surroundings n. 环境
surround n. 饰边,周围 v. 包围,环绕
be determined to do sth.
【原句回放】And we’re determined to make it our school’s best-ever wallboard with your help.我们决心在你们的帮助下使之成为我们学校有史以来最好的墙报。(P47)
【点拨】be determined to do sth.决心做某事
He was determined to mend his ways and turn over new leaf.他决心改过自新,重新做人。
We are determined to study still harder.我们决心要更加努力学习。
温馨提示
be determined to do sth.在作状语时,要省略掉主语和be动词。如:
Determined to finish all the homework,he stayed up till eleven o’clock to do his homework.
下决心要完成所有的作业,所以他熬夜做作业到11点。
思维拓展
determine v. 查明,决定,确定,影响
determinedly adv. 决然地,断然地
determiner n. 限定词
send in
【原句回放】Our theme is going to be about ART and DESIGN and we need you to send in your ideas and work by Monday 16 February.我们的主题是关于艺术和设计,并且我们需要你们在2月16日星期一之前提交自己的构思和作品。(P47)
【点拨】 send in
(1)呈报,提出,递送
I have made up my mind to send in my resignation.
我决心提交我的辞职申请书。
(2)上交(文件等),递上(名片)
Send in your registration form within two weeks.
在两星期内交出你的注册表格。
You’ll have to send in your card.
你得先递上名片。
(3)送(作品)参展,送……参赛
The mainland China will send athletes in the 8th World Games to be held in Gaoxiong.
中国大陆将派运动员参加在高雄举办的第8届世界运动会。
(4)派遣(士兵、警察、部队等)
The general decided to play his ace and send in the tanks.
将军决定使出绝招,派坦克参加战斗。
常用结构
有关send的词组
send sb. off给某人送行
send away撵走,开除
send back送还,退回
send for派人请
send sb. mad使某人发疯
send up发射,使上升
send away/off for sth. 写信索取/邮购某物
send down使下降
send on转寄(信件)到新地址,转送(信件)
send out发出,送出,派出
巩固练习
选词填空
1.This custom may date back to the Tang________(朝代).
2.This is an ancient________(坟墓).
3.The________(庙宇,寺庙)was built about 1,000 years ago.
4.The________(蝙蝠)has two wings and fly at night.
5.A________(宗教的)war broke out between the two countries.
6.She believes she’s finally found true________(幸福,快乐).
7.A policeman told him that a________(珠宝)shop had been robbed.
8.Qian Xuesen returned to our homeland with the________(目的)of serving our country.
完成句子
1.我们两国人民之间的传统友谊可追溯到遥远的过去。
The traditional friendship between our two people(s)________ ________ ________ancient days.
2.我故意把新的生词和短语做了红色的记号。
I mark those new words and expressions in red________ ________.
3.你想竞选啦啦队队长吗?
Do you want to________ ________ ________the cheerleader?
4.他们在这里盖了一栋新房子。
They________ ________a new house here.
5.他发现那台电脑已过时。
He found the computer quite________ ________ ________.
单项填空
1.The Great Wall ________the Spring and Autumn Period.
A.dates from B.is dated from C.dates in D.dates at
2.—It’s said that he will go to Africa.
—________what purpose does he go there?
A.At B.For C.In D.About
3.Nowadays,teenagers like to go to the fast food restaurant,________eating doesn’t take much time.
A.which B.who C.what D.where
4.He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ________was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A.temper B.appearance C.talent D.character
5.The whole building was completely ________by the fire.
A.harmed B.damaged C.destroyed D.ruining
6.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,________was very reasonable.
A.which price B.its price C.whose price D.the price of whose
7.Every means has been ________. No one is effective.
A.tried for B.tried on C.tried in D.tried out
8.The only thing ________is wrong with this is what my brother said to me the other day.
A.which B.what C.that D.where
9.A ________road goes ________from our college to the center.
A.straight;straight B.straightly;straightly
C.straight;straightly D.straightly;straight
10.The river ________banks used to be covered with fruit trees and flowers is now seriously polluted.
A.which B.whose C.its D.of which
答案解析
选词填空
1.Dynasty 2.tomb 3.temple 4.bat 5.religious
6.happiness 7.jewellery 8.purpose
完成句子
1.dates back to 2.on purpose 3.try out for 4.put up 5.out of date
单项填空
1.【解析】选A。此题题意为“长城始于春秋时期。”date from=date back to“追溯到”,没有被动语态形式。
2.【解析】选B。for/with the purpose of doing sth.“为了……的目的。此题题意为:他去那里为了什么?
3.【解析】选D。考查定语从句。先行词为restaurant,从句中不缺句子成分,故用where引导非限制性定语从句,where在从句中作地点状语。
4.【解析】选D。此题题意为:他证实了自己是一个真正的绅士;当他和别人一起工作的时候,他的美好品质最为常见。temper“脾气”;appearance“外表”;talent“天才”。
5.【解析】选C。句意为:整座大楼完全被大火毁了。harm常指对身心或肉体的伤害;damage所造成的损害一般可以修复;destroy完全毁灭,不能修复;ruining形式不对,本题应用被动语态。
6.【解析】选C。句意为:最近我买了一个中国古代的花瓶,价格很合理。在这里指“花瓶的价格”,故应用whose price,故选C。若选D,whose应改为which。
7.【解析】选D。此题题意为:所有的方法都尝试过了,但是没有一个有效。try on“试穿”;try out“试验某方法来检验其功能、效果等”。
8.【解析】选C。先行词前有only修饰,先行词又指物,只能用that引导。
9.【解析】选A。straight既可以作形容词,表示“直的”,也可以作副词,表示“径直”。
10.【解析】选B。考查定语从句。whose表示所属关系。