北师大版高中英语模块3 Unit 7 The sea 语言点（二）

Unit 7 The sea语言点（二）
目标认知
重点词汇
horrible，edge，terrify，escape，enormous，survive，recover，recognise，expect，debate
disagree，create
重点短语
all at once，in the direction of，pick up，prepare for，in addition to，on board，rather than
break off，a variety of，not all...，bring...to a conclusion
重点句型
形容词作后置定语
独立主格结构
as引导非限制性定语从句
wherever…
if 引导的虚拟语气
so + be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语
知识讲解
重点词汇
horrible
【原句回放】We went round and round，nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool．(P14)我们一圈又一圈地转，离可怕的漩涡边缘越来越近。
【点拨】horrible adj. 可怕的，令人厌恶的
That was a horrible sight．
那是个可怕的场景。
I’ve got a horrible feeling she lied to us.
我有点不好的感觉，她在对我们撒谎。
归纳拓展
1. horrify vt. 使恐怖，使震惊
It horrified her to think that he had killed someone.
想到他曾经杀过人使她很害怕。
2. horror n. 恐怖
常用结构：in horror 恐怖地
to one’s horror 使人恐惧的是
People watched in horror as the plane crashed to the ground.
飞机撞在地上时，人们都恐惧地看着。
To his horror, he could feel himself starting to cry.
使我恐惧的是，他可以感觉到自己开始哭了。

edge
【原句回放】We went round and round，nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool．(P14)我们一圈又一圈地转，离可怕的漩涡边缘越来越近。
【点拨】edge n. 边，边界，边缘，刀口，利刃
常用结构
at the edge of在……的边缘地带
on the edge of在……的边沿，濒临……
The town stands at／on the edge of a plain．
这座城镇位于平原的边缘地带。
Their company is on the edge of bankruptcy．
他们的公司濒临破产。

terrify
【原句回放】I tried to make my brother understand。but he was terrified and stayed in the heavy boat．(P14)我努力使哥哥明白这一点，但他那时太恐惧了。并待在沉重的船里。
【点拨】 terrify vt. 令人感到恐惧，使受惊吓
常用结构：
terrify sb. into(doing) sth．恐吓某人做某事
be terrified of对……感到害怕
be terrified out of one’s sense吓得魂不附体
His sudden appearance terrified them．他的突然出现把他们吓了一跳。
I'm terrified of losing you. 我害怕失去你。
【拓展】terror n. 恐怖，恐怖行为，令人讨厌的人
terrible adj. 可怕的，糟糕的
terribly adv. 糟糕地
Ellen froze with terror at the frightful sight.
埃伦被这种恐怖场面吓得僵住了。

escape
【原句回放】Without waiting，I dived into the sea to try and escape．(P14)刻不容缓，我跳入海里设法逃生。
【点拨】escape
(1)vi. 逃走，逃跑
The prisoners have escaped．这些犯人逃走了。
(2019 四川高考) As the months went by, the rabbits saw that I was no threat and didn’t escape.
几个月过去了，小兔子看到没有威胁，不再逃跑了。
(2)vi. 漏出，逸出
Some gas is escaping from the pipe．
有些气体正从管中漏出。
(3)vi. ＆ vt. 逃脱，摆脱，逃避(常接v. -ing形式作宾语)
He narrowly escaped(from)being drowned．他险些溺死。
Where can we go to escape the crowds？ 我们到哪里才能避开这些人群？
(4) vt. 为……所不知，逃过……的注意，被……忘记
Nothing escaped his attention. 任何东西逃不过他的注意。
I've met her before， but her name escapes me. 我以前见过她，但她的名字我忘记了。
常用结构
escape from...逃离……
escape death死里逃生
have a narrow escape九死一生
enormous
【原句回放】An enormous wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell into the sea．(P14)一个巨浪劈头盖脸地向我们的小船扑来。我的弟弟落水了。
【点拨】 enormous adj. 巨大的，庞大的
Long long ago there were many enormous beasts in the world．
很久很久以前，世界上有很多巨大的野兽。
易混辨析
big，large，great，huge与enormous
(1)big是意思最广的常用词，和small相对，常用来指面积、体积、重量
或范围等一些具体的东西；指人时，表示“身材高大”，兼有“长大了”的意思，较口语化。
In the middle of the room stands a big table．屋子中间有张大桌子。
(2)large侧重于面积、体积、容积和数量，不常用来指人，比较正式，指物时可与big通用。
A large number of young pioneers are playing basketball on the playground．
许多少先队员正在操场上打篮球。
(3)great侧重于指抽象的东西；指具体的东西时，常带有感彩。
China is a great country．中国是一个伟大的国家。
(比较：China is a large country．中国是一个大国。)
(4)huge＝very big＝very great，有“特别大”的意思，强调形体大。
The sun is a huge fire ball．太阳是个巨大的火球。
(5)enormous常指“(尺寸或数额)巨大的，庞大的”。
The amount of paper work involved is enormous．
需要做的文件工作量非常大。

survive
【原句回放】Our boat survived，and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear，and screamed out the terrifying word“Whirlpool!”(P14)我们的船保住了。我正竭力从恐惧中回过神来，就在这时，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳旁，大声说出了那个让人胆战心惊的词——“漩涡!”
【点拨】survive vi. & vt. 幸存，生存下来；优．幸免于，从……中生还
常用结构：survive from经过很长时间仍然继续存在
survive on 靠……生存
He feels lucky to have survived the war．
他为经历那场战争后能幸存下来感到很幸运。
Of the four people in the ear accident，only one survived．
在发生车祸的四个人中，只有一个人幸存。
（2019陕西高考）“She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water,” he added.
他又说：“因为足够的淡水供应，她存活下来。”
Several buildings in the town have survived from medieval times.
这个镇上的一些建筑从中世纪一直延续到现在。
I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.
我真不知道你们只靠杰里米的薪金是怎样过活的。
【拓展】survival n. 幸存
survivor n. 幸存者
recover
【原句回放】Our boat survived，and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear，and screamed out the terrifying word“Whirlpool!”(P14)我们的船保住了。我正竭力从恐惧中回过神来，就在这时，哥哥把嘴凑到我耳旁，大声说出了那个让人胆战心惊的词——“漩涡!”
【点拨】recover vi. 痊愈，康复；优．找回
We worked hard to recover the lost time．
我们加紧工作以弥补失去的时间。
常用结构
recover from从……中恢复过来
The patient perfectly recovered from his illness．
这个病人已经完全康复了。
recognise
【原句回放】The fishermen were my old friends，but they were unable to recognise me．(P15)那些渔夫是我的老朋友，但他们却认不出我了。
【点拨】recognise vt. 辨认出，承认，意识到 (也写作recognize)
常用结构
recognise...as...把……当作……，承认……为……
be recognised(as sth.)被赞赏，被看重，被公认(为某物)
After the accident，he recognised that he was not fit for the work．
事故发生后，他意识到他不适合这份工作。
They recognized this man without difficulty.
他们毫不费力地认出了这个人。
I recognize your right to ask that question.
我承认你有权询问这个问题。
易混辨析：know与recognise
(1)know指“认识”，是延续性动词。
(2)recognise指“认出(以前认识的人或物)”，是非延续性动词。
I knew the boy several years ago．but now I can hardly recognise him．
几年前我认识那个男孩，但是现在我几乎认不出他了。
【拓展】recognition n. 认出，认识，承认
expect
【原句回放】Now I have told you。and I cannot expect you to believe me more than the fishermen did．(P15)现在我已经告诉你们了，而我不能期盼你们比那些渔夫更相信我所说的。
【点拨】expect vt. 盼望，期望，料想，期待
expectation n. 预料，期望
We are expecting a letter from her．我们正期盼着她的来信。
I expect that I shall be back on Sunday．我盼望我在星期日回来。
常用结构
expect to do想做/预料到……
expect sb. to do期望某人做……
expect sth. from sb. 对某人给予……的期望
expect too much of sb. 对某人期望过高
be contrary to／against expectation出乎意料，与希望的正相反
in expectation of预料到
I didn’t expect to find you here. 我没料到在这里碰到你。
We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原以为他昨天就会到的。
易混辨析
expect，hope与wish
(1)expect表示预料某事即将发生。
(2)hope的含义为“希望”，对愿望的实现抱有一定的信心，这种希望往往是可以实现的。
(3)wish的含义为“希望，但愿”，用以表示祝愿。后接宾语从句时，若从句中表示不能实现的或与事实相反的事情，从句常用虚拟语气。

debate
【原句回放】Prepare for and take part in a debate．(P17)准备参加辩论。
【点拨】debate n. ＆ vt. & vi. 辩论，争论
常用结构
(a)debate about／on／over sth．关于某事的辩论
have／hold a debate(with sb．)(与某人)进行辩论，展开辩论
be under debate在辩论中，正被讨论
debate whether to do sth．讨论是否做某事
The government is debating the education law．
＝There is a debate in the government on the education law．政府正在就教育法进行辩论。
He is debating with his wife on the education of their child.
他正在与妻子讨论关于他们的孩子的教育问题。
They debated for over an hour on the merits of the different systems.
他们就几种不同体制的优点辩论了一个多小时。
【拓展】辨析：debate, argue, discuss
argue：提出理由或证据为自己或自己一方的看法或立场辩护，着重说理、论证和企图说服。
debate：侧重指意见等对立的双方之间正式或公开的争辩，有“交锋”之意。
discuss：最常用词，重在“交换意见”,不含有说服对方的成分。
I argued with her for a long time, but she refused to listen to the reason.
We have been debating fiercely about the issue.
The two friends are discussing on where to spend their holiday.

disagree
【原词回放】I disagree．(P17)我不同意。
【点拨】disagree vi.
(1)意见不一致，意见不合
Bill and I often disagree but we’re good friends．
比尔和我常闹意见，但我们还是好朋友。
I disagree with you about／on this．
在这一点上，我不同意你的意见。
(2)(指说法、报道等)不一致
Her conduct disagrees with her words．她言行不一致。
归纳拓展
disagreeable adj. 不合意的，难相处的
disagreement n. 意见不一致，不同之处
常用结构
disagree with不同意(某人的意见)，与……不符，(气候、食物等)不适合
The climate disagrees with me．我不适应这种气候。
温馨提示
①我们可以说agree to或agree with，但只能说disagree with。
/
②[动]agree[动]disagree
[名]agreement[名]disagreement
[形]agreeable[形]disagreeable
③disagree一般用作不及物动词。

create
【原句回放】I think it’s more important to create jobs．(P17)我认为创造就业机会更重要。
【点拨】create vt. 创造，创作；引起，造成
Some people believe that God created the world.
有些人相信上帝创造了世界。
An artist should create beautiful things.
一个艺术家应该创造美丽的东西。
Try this new dish, created by our head chef. 尝尝这道新菜，我们的厨师长新创的。
The announcement only succeeded in creating confusion. 这个通知只引起了混乱。
归纳拓展
creation n．创造，创作
creative adj. 有创造力的，创造性的
creativity n. 创造力
creator n. 创造者，创作者
易混辨析
create，invent
create意为“创造”，指创造以前从未有过的东西，后面可跟抽象名词，如“历史”等。
invent意为“发明”，指发明从前没有的东西，但指具体的东西，如“工具”等。

重点短语
all at once
【原句回放】All at once，the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm．(P14)突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们被卷入了可怕的暴风雨中。
【点拨】all at once(＝all of a sudden＝suddenly)忽然，突然；同时，一齐
We didn’t know why the machine stopped all at once．
我们不知为什么机器忽然停了下来。
A wind arose, and rain drops began falling all at once.
起风了，雨点忽然落下来。
When he heard the news，he was happy and sad all at once and didn't know what to do．
听到这消息，他悲喜交集，不知所措。
归纳拓展
all in all总的说来
all the more更加
all but几乎，差一点
all along始终，一直
all over到处，遍及
in the direction of
【原句回放】With the wind and waves we were going in the direction of the whirlpool，and nothing could save us!(P14)风浪把我们推向
【点拨】in the direction of(＝towards...)朝着……的方向，向着……
Their car drove in the direction of Beijing．
他们的车朝着北京的方向开去。
He found himself walking in the direction of the zoo．
他发现自己(不知不觉地)朝动物园的方向走去。
常用结构
in all directions /in every direction向四面八方
in the same direction向同一个方向
in the opposite direction向相反的方向
in different directions向不同的方向
in the right／wrong direction向正确／错误的方向
in which direction向着哪个方向
from the direction of从……方向
The birds flew in all directions．小鸟向四面八方飞去。
She hurried away in the opposite direction．
她急急忙忙朝相反的方向离开了。
In which direction does the river run? 这条河流向何方?

pick up
【原句回放】In the end，a boat picked me up．(P15)最后，一艘船把我救了起来。
【点拨】pick up
(1)拾起，捡起，拿起
I picked up your handbag by mistake．我错拿了你的手提包。
(2)用车装，使搭乘，搭载
I’ll pick you up at your place at 8 o’clock．我8点钟将去你所在的地方接你。
(3)爬(站)起来，振作起来；恢复健康
His spirits pick up．他的精神振奋起来了。
(4)增加
The speed of the train began to pick up．火车开始加速了。
(5)收拾东西(屋子)
Children，it’s time to pick up and have dinner．
孩子们，该收拾东西吃饭了。
(6)接收
I can pick up London broadcasting station．我能收到伦敦电台。
(7)(偶然)学会，得到
He picked up French while living in France．
他在法国生活的时候学会了法语。
归纳拓展
pick out挑选出，看出，辨别出
pick on挑剔，作弄
pick and choose挑三拣四
pick and steal扒窃
pick off摘掉
pick at磨蹭着吃，(因为不饿而)小口吃

prepare for
【原句回放】Prepare for and take part in a debate．(P17)准备参加辩论。
【点拨】prepare for为……做准备
You’d better prepare for mother’s arrival．
你最好为妈妈的到来做好准备。
We should prepare well for the negotiation．
我们应该为这次谈判做好准备。
归纳拓展
prepare sth. 准备某物
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
prepare sb．for sth.／to do sth．让某人准备好做某事
be(well) prepared for sth.／to do sth．为做某事做好准备
in preparation for(介词短语)为……做准备
make preparations for(动词短语)为……做准备
Mother is preparing dinner in the kitchen．
妈妈正在厨房里准备晚饭。
If the bus doesn’t come．we must be prepared to walk．
如果公共汽车不来，我们必须做好步行的准备。
He packed his bags in preparation for the journey．
他打好了包，为旅行做准备。
in addition to
【原句回放】In addition to the supplies for the long journeys...(P18)除了长途旅行的生活必需品外……
【点拨】in addition to“除……之外(还有……)”．相当于介词besides，后接名词或动名词。
We’ll order some extra corn in addition to our sixty pounds．
除了我们的60磅以外，我们还将额外订购一些谷物。
温馨提示
in addition“此外(还)，也”，相当于besides，但此时为副词。
The boss made him work sixteen hours a day and beat him in addition．
老板让他每天工作16个小时而且还打他。

on board
【原句回放】Some of the ships even had earth on board so that the sailors could grow their own crops for food．(P18)有些船上甚至还装有土以便船员们可以自己种庄稼作为食物。
【点拨】on board“在船(飞机、车等)上；上船(飞机、车等)”，board前不加冠词。
There were more than two hundred passengers on board．
当时在船(飞机、车等)上有200多名乘客。
The ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain．
要是没有那位船长的努力，这艘船连带船上的所有东西就都沉没了。
【拓展1】aboard和board
1.aboard adv. & prep. 在船(飞机、车等)上；上船(飞机、车等)
2.board vt. 上(车、船等)，登(机)；n.板，甲板
It’s time to get aboard the ship．该上船了。
Then we boarded the bus and headed for the airport．然后我们上了公共汽车向机场开去。
【拓展2】形近词：abroad adv. 在国外，到海外
He has lived abroad for many years．他已在国外住了很多年。

rather than
【原句回放】Rather than using muscles to move its hundreds of tiny legs，the starfish uses a hydraulic system to move around or cling to rocks．(P19)海星用水力系统移动或依附在岩石上，而不是用肌肉来移动它那数以百计的小腿。
【点拨】 rather than宁愿……，而不是……
rather than为并列连词，连接并列成分。连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
I think Tom，rather than you，is to blame．
我认为该受责备的是汤姆而不是你。
I’d like to have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想要一杯冷饮而不是咖啡。
Rather than get money in such a dishonest way，Bill would beg in the street．
＝Bill would rather beg in the street than get money in such a dishonest way．
比尔宁愿沿街乞讨也不愿以这种不诚实的方法赚钱。
温馨提示
rather than可分开用，rather...than...表示“与其……，倒不如……”。
I’m rather bored than tired．我与其说是疲惫，不如说是厌倦。
break off
【原句回放】And if it breaks off an arm in an accident，the starfish grows the arm back again．(P19)并且如果在事故中折断了一个触手，海星还会再长出一个来。
【点拨】break off使折断，中止(谈话或关系)，(使)突然结束
Why don’t you break a branch off the tree and make a walking stick?
你为什么不折断一根树枝做手杖?
I broke off the conversation and answered the phone．我中止了交谈去接电话。
归纳拓展
break away from脱离
break down(机器等)发生故障，破坏，分解
break into闯入(后面可接宾语)
break in闯入(后面不接宾语)
break out爆发
break up解散，驱散
a variety of
【原句回放】There are a variety of creatures living under the sea，but not all of them are fish．(P61)海底下生活着各种各样的生物，但并不都是鱼。
【点拨】a variety of 种种，多种多样的（= various）
注意：
1. a variety of也可以用varieties of，既可修饰可数名词复数也可修饰不可数名词。
2. 作主语时，后面谓语动词的单复数要根据of后的名词单复数而定。
3. variety前可用great，large或wide等词修饰。
The girls come from a variety of backgrounds．
这些姑娘们的出身背景各异。
A variety of food is sold at a supermarket.
超级市场各式各样的食物均有出售。
Many varieties of natural soaps of are sold in the market.
这家市场卖各种各样的天然皂。
We’ re going to grow a new variety of wheat this year.
今年我们要种植一种新品种的小麦。
【拓展】the variety of …品种, 种类
The variety of goods in this shop is rich. 这家商店的货物品种丰富。
not all...
【原句回放】There are a variety of creatures living under the sea，but not all of them are fish．(P61)海底下生活着各种各样的生物，但并不都是鱼。
【点拨】not all...并不是所有的……都……(为部分否定)
英语中all，both，every，each与not连用，都是部分否定，含义为“不都是”、“并非全是”。
All stones aren’t hard．并非所有的石头都坚硬。
All that glitters is not gold．发光的未必都是金子。
Both of his sons are not doctors．他的两个儿子并不都是医生。
I don’t like each of the books．这些书中，我并不是对每一本都喜欢。
【拓展1】
①always与 not连用，意为：并非总是……，并非一直……
②entirely，altogether，completely和quite与not连用，意为：不完全……，并非完全……
③all the time与not连用，意为：并非一直……，并非总是……
He is not always so sad．他并不是一直都这样悲伤。
He felt not altogether satisfied．他并不完全满意。
A foolish man doesn’t make a mistake all the time．
愚笨之人未必老是犯错误。
【拓展2】表示“全部否定”的词
英语中表示“全部否定”的词有nothing，none，nobody，no one，neither，never，nowhere，nor等。
None of the money on the table is mine．
桌子上的钱没有一分是我的。
Nobody in our class likes black coffee．
我们班上的同学没有喜欢(不加牛奶的)纯咖啡的。
Neither of these cars is exactly what I want．
这两种车都不是我确切想要的。
bring...to a conclusion
【原句回放】I will bring my story quickly to a conclusion．(P15)我的故事很快就要结束了。
【点拨】bring...to a conclusion使……结束
They brought the meeting to a conclusion quickly．他们迅速结束了这个会议。
归纳拓展
come to／arrive at／reach／draw a conclusion得出结论
in conclusion最后
make a conclusion下结论
We’ve reached the conclusion that this is a true story．
我们获得的结论是：这是一个真实的故事。
Let me say this in conclusion．容我这样说作为结束。
重点句型
形容词作后置定语
【原句回放】About three years ago，something terrible happened to me．(P14)大约3年前。在我身上发生了一件可怕的事。
【点拨】形容词作后置定语的情况
(1)修饰不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing等时。
There is something difficult to understand in this book．这本书里有些难懂的东西。
(2)形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时。
The young fellow who always ready to help his neighbours is liked by everyone．
大家都喜欢这位总是乐于帮助邻居的年轻小伙子。
(3)用and或or连接的两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后，起强调作用。
They will turn their motherland into a country，beautiful and modern．
他们将把他们的祖国变成一个既美丽又现代化的国家。
(4)只能充当表语的形容词作定语时，需后置
They are the happiest children alive．他们是活下来的最幸福的孩子。
(5)有些形容词，如present，responsible等，用作名词的修饰语时，即可前置又可后置，但含义不同。
the members present出席的／在场的成员
the present member现在的成员
(6)形容词enough修饰名词时既可以作前置定语，也可作后置定语。
I have enough time／time enough．我有足够的时间。

独立主格结构
【原句回放】One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands，our boat full of fish．(P14)有一天，我和我的两个兄弟从岛上归来，船上载满了鱼。
【点拨】独立主格结构
分析：本句为简单句，our boat full of fish为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。
(1)构成：代词／名词（主格）+ 形容词／副词／分词／不定式／介词短语
(2)作用：在句中可充当时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随状语，多用于书面语中。
(3)特点：
①独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
②独立主格结构中的代词或名词与后面的名词、分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语是逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于省略了being或having been。
③独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
Her glasses broken，she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard．
由于她的眼镜破了，她无法看清黑板上的字。
Weather permitting，we are going to visit you tomorrow．
如果天气允许，我们打算明天去看你。
The professor entered the classroom，a book in his hand(book in hand)．
教授手拿一本书走进了教室。

as引导非限制性定语从句
【原句回放】As you can see，I did escape．(P15)如你所知，我的确得救了。
【点拨】as引导非限制性定语从句
特点：
1.在此类从句中，as代表整个主句的内容；
2. as从句可放在句首、句中或句末；
3. as有“如，似，正像”等含义；
4. 此类从句许多都被看成是固定结构了。如：
as we all know如我们所知
as everybody can see正像每个人所看到的那样
as we have expected正如我们所预料的那样
例句：
As you know，he is a good student．如你所知，他是一个好学生。
China is a developing country，as is known to a11．
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
Grammar，as has been said before，is not a set of dead rules．
语法，就像以前所说的，不是一套死规则。
Things are not always right，as we all know．如我们所知，事情并不一直是对的。
The boy achieved much progress as we had expected．
正像我们所预料的那样，那个男孩取得了很大的进步。
【拓展】as引导限制性定语从句
常用于下面结构：
the same...as，as...as，such...as，so...as
即：当主句中出现the same，as，such，so等修饰先行词时，需选择as作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
It’s the same story as we wanted to listen to yesterday．
它跟我们昨天要听的是同类的故事。
Such girls as he knows are good at English．
他所认识的这些女孩擅长英语。
Do you have such books as we like?你有我们喜欢的这些书吗?

wherever…
【原句回放】From then on，they were happy to follow Zheng He wherever he led them．(P18)从那以后，不管郑和率领他们去哪里，他们都愿意跟随。
【点拨】 wherever conj. 无论在何处，无论到哪里（引导状语从句）
Wherever I went，the dog always followed me．
无论我走到哪里，那只狗总是跟着我。
Wherever he is，he will be thinking of you．
不管他在哪里，他都会一直想着你。
【拓展】whoever，whatever，whichever，however，whenever等都可引导让步状语从句
Whoever you are，you must obey the law．
不管你是谁，你都得守法。
Don’t lose heart，whatever happens．
不管发生什么，都不要气馁。
I’ll be happy whenever you would like to come．
无论你想什么时候来，我都会高兴的。

if 引导的虚拟语气
【原句回放】Wouldn’t it be great if we could put together some pictures and information of sea animals?(P19)如果我们能把一些有关海洋动物的图片和信息收集在一起，这岂不太棒了?
【点拨】 本句是虚拟语气在if引导的非真实条件句中的运用，表示与将来事实相反。
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用
/
If it weren’t for your help．I would still be homeless．
若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。
If he had taken my advice，he might not have made such a bad mistake．
要是他听从我的劝告，他就不会犯这么严重的错误了。
If it should rain．the crops would be saved．
如果下雨的话，庄稼就有救了。
温馨提示
(1)如果条件从句中含有were，had，should，有时可把if省略掉，而把were，had，should放在主句前，构成倒装句。
Had we made great effort，we might have succeeded．
如果我们(过去)很努力的话，我们可能就获得成功了。
Should Mr. White call，what would you say?
如果怀特先生来电话，你怎么说?
(2)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语，如with，without，but for，或通过上下文等表现出来，常用otherwise，or，but等词。
Without electricity，human life would be quite different today．
如果没有电，人类现在的生活就会是另一个样子。
(3)混合虚拟条件句，主从句的动作所发生的时间不一致，这时，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。
If the doctor hadn’t tried his best to save you．you wouldn’t be standing here now．
如果医生不全力救你，你现在就不会站在这儿了。
so + be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语
【原句回放】For example，dolphins look like fish，and so do whales...(P61)例如，海豚看起来像鱼，鲸也是……
【点拨】so + be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语
表示某人或某物的情况与前面所述的某人或某物的肯定的情况相同。其谓语部分的时态、语态应与前句的谓语保持一致。
You can speak English well，so can I．你能说好英语，我也能。
—I have been to the Great Wall three times．——我已去过长城三次。
—So have I．——我也是。
温馨提示：此句型中把so换成neither/nor，表示否定，意为“……也不……”。
You haven’t been to England．Neither has he．
你没去过英国，他也没去过。
【拓展】
(1)so+主语+be动词／助动词／情态动词
本结构表示说话者对前面所提到的情况或事实加以肯定，其中so相当于indeed或certainly。
—It was very careless of you to have left your clothes outside all night．
—你整个晚上都把衣服忘在了外面，真是太粗心了。
—My God! So I was．
—天哪!我确实是(太粗心了)。
2)主语+ do + so
本结构常用来代替上文出现的“动词+宾语／状语”，以避免重复，此时，do so主要用于表达自愿的、故意的行动。而like，remember，think，fall，lose，etc.，一般不用do so来代替。
He told me to open the door，and I did so as quietly as possible．
他要我打开门，我便尽量轻轻地打开了它。
She lost her money．I wasn’t surprised that she did．
她丢了钱，这事我并不感到惊讶。(不能说...that she did so.)
(3)so it is／was with+主语
本结构表示“某人或某物的情况也如此”，常用于下列5种情况：
①代替so + he动词／助动词／情态动词+主语
②代替neither／nor／no more + be动词／助动词／情态动词+主语
③前面句子中有两个谓语，一个肯定，另一个否定
④前面是并列句
⑤前面句子中主语带有两个或更多不同种类的谓语动词
Tom likes playing football，but doesn’t like playing basketball．So it is with Jack．
汤姆喜欢踢足球而不喜欢打篮球。杰克也一样。
John’s father is a good man，who has done a lot of good all his life．So it is with Peter’s．
约翰的父亲是位好人，他一生做了很多好事。彼得的父亲也一样。
巩固练习
根据课文内容填空（每空首字母已给出）
It may seem s 1 .When we were on the e 2 of the whirlpool, I felt calmer. Suddenly，we went over the edge. I thought my life was o 3 .The boat was on the inside of the huge w 4 and we were going round in circles a 5 great speed. I saw clearly other objects in the whirlpool. My brother was t 6 and stayed in the heavy boat. When 7 waiting，I d 8 into the sea to try and e 9 .
I did escape at last. Some time after I left the boat，with my brother in it，it s 10 into the bottom of /the whirlpool. Then the sky was clear，the wind was c 11 and the moon was s 12 .In the end，a boat p 13 me up. I got safe.
完成句子
1.地面到处是水，昨晚一定下雨了。
The ground water. It last night.
2.我正要离开时，他对我说有个秘密要告诉我。
I was when he / me that he had a secret me.
3.对于他来说，身体恢复还需要至少两个星期。
It him two weeks to from his illness.
单项填空
1. My grandfather is as as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.
A. enthusiastic B. energetic C. talkative D. sensitive
2. by teachers, we have made much progress this term.
A. Being educated B. To be educated C. Educating D. Educated
3. Don’t a trick her. She is shy.
A. play；at B. play；on C. take；at D. take；on
4. The classroom 30 feet long.
A. measures B. is measured C. has D. has length
5.Wild animals, such as pandas, tigers, ，so measures must to protect them.
A. are dying out；be taken B. are dying；take
C. are dying away；take D. are dead；get
6. The doctors and nurses the seriously wounded worker day and night.
A. watched out B. looked over C. watched out for D. watched over
7. “ ! There is a stone before you.” Sarah said to Jack.
A. Watch out B. Be careful C. Look out D. All of the above
8. you observe， you will find out.
A. More carefully；more differences B. Much carefully；much difference
C. The more carefully；the more differences D. The much carefully；the much difference
9.In order to ，she always wears some strange clothes.
A. pay our attention B. draw our attention
C. bring to our attention D. call our attention to
10. The teacher asked the students to write .
A. every one line B. every other line C. every second line D. both B and C
11. She is always anxious about her son .
A. especially when she is away B. specially when she is away
C. especially if she is away D. specially if she is away
12. Johns/on is man that he is appreciated by all his colleagues.
A. such an well-educated B. such a well-educated
C. so well-educated D. both B and C
13. People think it a crime those defenseless children.
A. to come to B. to beat C. to attack D. attacking
14. that the medicine has his cancer is not really good.
A. The effect；with B. The affect；with C. The effect；on D. The affect；on
15.—It is reported that Americans eat much protein every day.
— They eat as they actually need.
A. twice as much B. as twice much C. much as twice D. as much twice
16.China Daily is a newspaper，which helps us to improve English.[
A. more than B. less than C. no more than D. no less than
17. (2019 北京西城期末) They were _________ at first, but managed to get out of the burning building.
A. amazed B. excited C. confused D. terrified
18. (2019 安徽宿州符离中学期中）_______ is known to all, the Amber Room belongs to the Russians.
A. As B. Which C. That D. What
19. (2019 江苏盐城期末) Let me ask you about one particular artist, whose name has actually ________ me at the moment.
A. escaped B. ignored C. struck D. amazed
20. His novel was ________ as a work of genius after his death, which was a pity for him.
A. convinced B. inspired C. expected D. recognized
答案与解析：
根据课文内容填空
1.strange 2.edge 3.over 4.whirlpool 5.at 6.terrified 7.Without 8.dived 9.escape 10.sank 11.calmer 12.shining 13.picked
完成句子
1.is covered with，must have rained
2.about to leave，told，to tell
3.took，at least，recover
单项填空
1.B 本题考查词义辨析。句意：我的祖父像年轻人一样精力充沛，他讨厌整天坐在那里无所事事。
2.D 本题考查过去分词短语作状语。句意：在老师的教育下，我们这学期取得了很大的进步。
3.B 本题考查短语搭配。注意与trick构成的短语：play/put a trick on开……的玩笑；捉弄；see through a trick看穿诡计；try some tricks耍花招。
4.A measure, weigh, number, wash, sell, drink, pay, wear, prove等词都可以用主动形式表示被动含义。句意：教室量起来有30英尺长。
5.A die out意思是“灭绝”，在这里用进行时，表达即将发生的动作。take measures to do sth.意思是“采取措施做某事”。
6.D watch over在这里的意思是“观察”。A项有一定干扰性。watch out意思是“防备，戒备”，显然不合题意。
7.D 句意：萨拉对杰克说：“当心！前面有块石头。”
8. C the more...the more...“越……就越……”。
9.B draw one’s attention引起某人的注意。
10.D “隔行写”用every other line或every second line表示。
11.A 程度副词especially修饰时间状语从句 when she is away。especially特别地；specially专门地。
12.B such 修饰可数名词man，结构为“such a/an +adj.+单数可数名词+that...”。
13.C 句意：人们认为攻击无防御能力的孩子是一种犯罪。to attack...为不定式短语作真正的宾语，it作形式宾语。
14.C 本题考查短语have an effect on。
15.A 本题考查倍数表达法，应用“倍数+as+ 形容词（原级）+as...”结构。
16.A more than意为“不仅仅是”。
17. D。从下文“the burning building”可知，是着火了，所以人们的感觉应该是“感到害怕”，所以选D。amazed 感到吃惊；excited 感到激动；confused 感到糊涂。
18. A。此题中as引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句作从句的主语。虽然which也能引导非限制性定语从句，但是不能放在句首，排除。句意：众所周知，琥珀屋属于俄国人。
19. A。句意：我想问你一个特别的艺术家，实际上，他的名词我现在想不起来了。sth. escape sb. 表示“某事被某人遗忘了”。ignore 忽视；strike 撞，攻击，敲，罢工；amaze 使某人惊讶。
20. D。recognize在此题中表示“承认，认可”。句意：他的小说是在他去世后，才被认可为天才之作的，这对他来说是一个遗憾。convince 使信服； inspire 鼓舞； expect 期望。