北师大版高中英语模块3 Unit 8 Adventure语言点（一）
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语模块3 Unit 8 Adventure语言点（一） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2019-11-10 10:17:09 | ||
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Unit 8 Adventure语言点（一）
目标认知
重点词汇
extreme，adventure，desert，optional，imagine，can，route，mean，accommodation，prefer
cost，maximum，differ，anxious，similarity，stand，worth，impress，amaze，confuse
quantity
重点短语
go down，in order to，upside down，go through with，turn up，get across，in turn，break out
stand by
重点句型
动词不定式作定语
状态或动作动词
知识讲解
重点词汇
extreme
【原句回放】Listen to people talking about extreme sports and adventure holidays．(P21)听人们谈论极限运动和冒险假日。
【点拨】extreme
①adj. 极端的，极其的
After three months she got used to the extreme heat．
三个月以后她就适应酷热的环境了。
Extreme cold will cause the engine to fail to start．
极其寒冷会导致发动机发动不起来。
②adj. 远离中心的，末端的
He lives in the extreme north of the country．他生活在这个国家的最北端。
③n. [C]极端
Sometimes he eats too much and sometimes he eats nothing．He goes from one extreme to the other．他有时吃得太多，有时什么也不吃。他从一个极端走到另一个极端。
归纳拓展
extremely adv. 极端地，极其，非常
extremity n. 极限，极度，末端，尽头
常用结构
go to extremes走极端 in the extreme极其，非常
extreme crisis极端严重的危机 extreme emotion极端强烈的情感
extreme joy极其快乐 an extreme case一起极端案件
extreme measures极端措施
adventure
【原句回放】Listen to people talking about extreme sports and adventure holidays．(P21)听人们谈论极限运动和冒险假日。
【点拨】adventure n. 奇遇，冒险的经历
An Antarctic expedition was once an adventure．远征南极曾是一项冒险之举。
(2019 福建高考) Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy.
生活可以是如此的精彩，充满了冒险和快乐。
易混辨析
venture与adventure
①venture“冒险”，既可作名词，又可作动词，多指冒生命危险或重大的经济风险。
②adventure只用作名词，所冒之险一般只是刺激性强，并无多大危险，用作复数时，意为“冒险故事”。
desert
【原句回放】Explore：a forest，a desert，another planet(P21)探索：一片森林、一片沙漠、另一颗行星
【点拨】desert
(1)n. 沙漠，不毛之地
He went to the Sahara Desert last year．去年他去了撒哈拉沙漠。
(2)vt. 遗弃，抛弃
He deserted his wife and children and went abroad．
他置妻子儿女于不顾，出国去了。
(3)vt. 背弃，离开
The teacher deserted his post．那个老师放弃了教学岗位。
归纳拓展
deserter n. 逃兵，开小差的人
deserted adj. 无人居住的，被抛弃的
To his surprise，he found a deserted hut in the desert．
使他惊奇的是，他在沙漠里发现了一间废弃的小屋。
optional
【原句回放】Why does the company offer optional tours?(P22) 这家(旅游)公司为什么提供可选择的旅游(项目)呢?
【点拨】optional adj. 可选择的，非强制的
(2019 湖南高考) As a senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects. 作为明年的毕业班学生，应该多用点课时来上选修课。
【拓展】option n. [U]选择，选择权，选择自由；[C](供)选择的事物
常用结构：at one’s option随意
have no option but to do sth．不得不做某事（option相当于choice）
There are three options open to us．我们有三个选择。
It was so serious a matter that I had no option but to call the police.
这是一个十分严重的事,我没有选择只能报警。
There was no option but to quit her job in order to take care of her child.
为了照顾孩子，她别无选择只好辞职。
imagine
【原句回放】Just imagine．(P22)试想一下。
【点拨】imagine vt．想象，设想
n. 想象……
常用结构：imagine (sb.) doing sth. 想象（某人）做某事
imagine+ that／wh-从句想象……
imagine sb./sth. to be + n./adj. 想象某人/物是……
You may imagine their astonishment at finding the room empty．
你可以想象他们在发现房间空着时吃惊的样子。
Try to imagine being on the moon．
尽力想象一下，置身于月球时的情景。
I could easily imagine her regarding him as a man of fine quality．
我能够很容易地想象她会认为他是一个具有优良品质的人。
You can’t imagine how I miss the bird．
你想象不出我多么想念那只鸟。
温馨提示：
当主语为第一人称，imagine后接的宾语从句为否定意义时，要否定的是主句的谓语动词，即否定转移。其他有类似用法的动词有：think，believe，suppose，expect等。
I don’t imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来。
归纳拓展
imagination n. 想象力，想象出来的东西，幻想
imaginative adj. 有想象力的，幻想的
imaginable adj. 可想象的，想象得到的
imaginary adj. 想象出来的
can
【原句回放】
Hiking trips can be uncomfortable and even dangerous．(P22)徒步旅行可能并不舒服，甚至还很危险。
【点拨】can是情态动词，在本句中表示“有时会，时而可能”。
Our house is on the top of the hill，and in winter the winds can be pretty cold．
我们的房子在山顶上，在冬天，风有时候会非常寒冷。
He is a bad-tempered fellow，but he can be quite charming when he wishes．
他是一个脾气差劲的家伙，但是，如果他愿意，有时候他会是相当迷人的。
route
【原句回放】
They know all the best routes and best places to camp．(P22)他们熟知所有的最佳路线和最好的宿营地。
【点拨】route ①n. 路线，路程
This is the shortest route from London to Paris．这是从伦敦到巴黎的最短路线。
We took the most direct route to the coast．我们走了最直接的路线去海边。
②vt. (经由专门的路线)输送，运送
They routed the goods by way of Germany．他们经由德国输送这些货物。
This flight is routed to Chicago via New York．
这趟班机是经纽约飞往芝加哥的。
归纳拓展
routine adj. 例行的，常规的；n. 例行公事，惯例，惯常的程序
mean
【原句回放】
And our porters carry your luggage，which means that you can simply enjoy the experience．(P22)我们的搬运工则会帮你搬运行李，这样你就可以尽情地享受这经历了。
【点拨】mean
(1)vt. (指字、句等)表示，意指，意味着
常用搭配：mean doing …意味着……
A dictionary tells you what words mean．词典告诉你单词的含义。
The Latin word“amo”means“I love”．拉丁语“amo”的意思是“I love”。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
(2)vt. 图谋，计划，意欲，企图
常用搭配：mean (sb.) to do… 打算（某人）做……，意欲（某人）做……
I don’t mean there to be any argument about this．
我无意使此事引起任何争论。
I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
I didn’t mean you to see and read the letter．
我并没有打算要你看并阅读那封信。
(3)vt. 有……征兆，可能造成……
This frontier incident probably means war．这次边境事件可能导致战争。
(4)vt. 指定，预定(某人或某物供……之用)
I mean this house for my son．我打算把这所房子给我的儿子。
He is obviously meant for a soldier／to be a soldier．很显然，他是当兵的料。
(5)vt. 对……重要，对……有价值
Your friendship means a great deal to me．你的友谊对我来说极为重要。
The high cost of living means nothing to some people．
对某些人来说，高昂的生活费用算不上什么。
归纳拓展
meaningless adj. 无意义的，无目的的
meaningly adv. 有意义地，故意地
meaning n．意义，含义，企图；adj. 意味深长的
accommodation
【原句回放】Accommodation is in comfortable hotels in Beijing and Lhasa，hostels on the hiking trip-and one-or two-person tents for camping．(P22)在北京和拉萨，食宿在舒适的饭店，旅途中住旅店，宿营地则配有单、双人帐篷。
【点拨】accommodation n．
(1)[U]住所，住处，停留处
The price of your hotel accommodation is included in your holiday．
你度假的费用包括旅馆住宿在内。
(2)住宿，膳宿(常用复数)
More and more travelers are looking for bed and breakfast accommodations in private homes．
愈来愈多的旅行者在寻找由私人住户提供住宿和早餐的服务。
(3)[C，U]和解
The two sides came to an accommodation．双方达成了和解。
常用结构
rented accommodation租的住处
furnished accommodation有家具的住处
make accommodations for为……提供膳宿
reach／come to／arrive at an accommodation达成和解
prefer
【原句回放】
For people who prefer to spend some time on the coast，we can organise your travel and accommodation too．(P22)如果你更喜欢在海边停留些日子，我们也可以为你安排旅行和住宿。
【点拨】prefer vt. & vi. 宁愿，更喜欢
常用结构
prefer sb. to do sth．宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do sth.／doing sth．更喜欢做某事
prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A（A、B是动词时用-ing形式）
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth．与做某事相比更喜欢做某事
Which would you prefer，tea or coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡?
I prefer tea to coffee．茶和咖啡相比，我更喜欢喝茶。
I prefer walking to cycling．我喜欢步行多于骑自行车。
He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema．
他喜欢待在家里，不太喜欢去看电影。
Their father prefers them to go home early．他们的父亲希望他们早点回家。
【拓展】类似结构
would like (sb.) to do 想要（某人）做某事
feel like (one’s) doing想要（某人）做某事
would rather do… 宁愿做……
would rather sb. did／had done … 宁愿做……
would rather do...than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……（也用作would do...rather than do…）
cost
【原句回放】The hike costs ￡2，500 including all flights and accommodation．(P22)旅行费用为2，500英镑，包括所有机票费和住宿费。
【点拨】cost vt.& vi. 花费，价钱为，使丧失；n．价格，成本，代价
The boy’s bad behaviour cost his mother many sleepless nights．
那孩子的不良行为使他的母亲很多天晚上都睡不着。
常用结构
at a／the cost of费用为……，以……为代价
at all costs／at any cost不惜任何代价，无论如何
He saved the girl’s life at the cost of his own. 他牺牲自己的生命救了那个姑娘。
易混辨析：cost，spend，take与pay
四者都有“花费”之意，区别主要在搭配上。
①spend：主语(人)+spend+宾语(时间、金钱)+(in)doing sth．；主语(人)+spend+宾语(时间、金钱)+on sth.。
②cost：主语(事或物)+cost+宾语(人+时间／金钱)(无被动式)。
③take：主语(it作形式主语)+take+宾语(人+时间)+to do sth.；主语(物)+take+宾语(时间)+to do。
④pay：主语(人)+pay+宾语(金钱)+for sth.。
maximum
【原句回放】Maximum group size is 15 people．(P22)每组最多15人。
【点拨】maximum n. (pl. maxima／maximums)最大，最多，最大限度
adj. 最大的，最多的
I can swim a maximum of a mile．我最远能游一英里。
The maximum load for this truck is ten tons．这辆卡车最大载重量是10吨。
温馨提示
maximum的反义词是minimum。
differ
【原句回放】How do the tourists differ from local people?(P23)游客与当地人怎么不同?
【点拨】differ vi. 不一致，不同
Opinions on the subject differ greatly．在这个问题上的意见分歧很大。
常用结构
differ from...与……不同
differ in...在……方面不同
differ with sb. on／about／over sth．在……方面与某人持不同意见
Humans differ from other mammals in their ability to speak．
人与其他哺乳动物的不同之处在于人能说话。
The two lawyers differed with each other on how to present the case．
这两个律师在如何展现这个案件方面意见有分歧。
【拓展】different adj. 不同的，各种各样的，个别的
difference n. 差别
be different from...与……不同
tell the difference between A and B区分A与B的不同之处
make a difference有影响，有差异
make no difference没有影响
anxious
【原句回放】From that moment they started to feel anxious and they slept badly that night．(P23)从那时起，他们开始感到担心，并且那天晚上他们睡得很不好。
【点拨】anxious adj. 不安的，(非正式)渴望的；使人焦虑或担心的
常用结构
be anxious about／for...为……担心
be anxious to do sth.／for sth．渴望做某事
be anxious that...渴望……
He was anxious for the safety of his money．他担心他的钱是否安全。
He was anxious to please his guests．他渴望讨好客人。
He was anxious that they could have all they want．
他非常希望能拥有他们想要的一切。
The period of his illness was anxious time to us all．他生病期间令我们大家都很焦虑。
归纳拓展
anxiously adv. 焦虑地，急切地
anxiety n. 焦虑，渴望，热望
易混辨析：eager与anxious
eager强调对成功的渴望，含有积极的意义；anxious强调“担心，忧虑”，对结果表示不安。
She is eager to go to college，but anxious about not passing the entrance examinations．
她渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过入学考试。
similarity
【原句回放】Snowboarding has similarities with surfing．(P24)单板滑雪与冲浪有相似之处。
【点拨】similarity
(1)n．[C]类似点，相似点
The police say there are some similarities between the two attacks．
警方说这两次袭击有相似之处。
(2)n. [U]类似性，相似性
What I like about his poetry is its similarity to Wordsworth’s．
我喜欢他的诗的地方是它跟华兹华斯的(诗)很相似。
归纳拓展：similar adj. 相似的
similarly adv. 相似地，同样地，相同地
常用结构：be similar to与……相似
stand
【原句回放】
I can’t stand slow sports．(P24)我不能忍受慢速运动。
【点拨】stand vt．经受，承受，忍受
常用结构：stand doing sth．容忍做某事
I don’t know if I can stand the waiting any longer．
再等下去，我不知道我是否受得了。
How can you stand Mary coming home late all the time?
你怎么能忍受玛丽总是晚回家?
易混辨析：bear，endure，tolerate与stand
(1)bear通常表示忍受一件沉重的、困难的事情，但侧重忍受的能力，不太强调其态度。bear的宾语如果是人或事物，后面有时加with，如果宾语是抽象的概念，则通常不加with，bear多用于否定句或疑问句。
I can’t bear his reproaches．
我不能忍受他的指责。
The pain was almost more than he could bear．
疼痛几乎使他不能忍受。
(2)endure强调默默地、无怨言地忍受，但不屈服，多用于否定句，常和can，could，be able to连用。
She can’t endure his rudeness．她不能忍受他的粗野。
(3)tolerate主要指容忍与自己的愿望相反的事情。人之所以能tolerate，常常是由于不太关心某事，是为了求得安宁、平静。
A nation will not tolerate treason．国家不能容忍叛国行为。
I will not tolerate your impudence．我不会容忍你的轻率。
(4)stand“忍耐，忍受，顶住”，在口语中，stand常被用来表示bear或endure的意思。
worth
【原句回放】But it’s worth waiting for．(P25)但这值得等待。
【点拨】worth adj. 等值的，值钱的
常用结构：be worth + n. (常指价值)
be worth + doing值得做……
The coat is worth 100 yuan．这件上衣值100元。
The man is worth trusting．这个人值得信任。
易混辨析：worth，worthy与worthwhile
(1)worth只能作表语，后常接名词或动名词。
(2)worthy作定语时指“有地位的，有价值的”；作表语时，常用be worthy of + n. ／be worthy to be done／be worthy of being done结构。
(3)worthwhile可以作定语或表语，作定语时指“值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)去做的”；作表语时，常用it作形式主语，构成It is worthwhile doing sth.／to do sth．结构。
这本书值得一读。
The book is worth reading．
＝The book is worthy of being read．
＝The book is worthy to be read．
＝It is worthwhile reading the book．
＝It is worthwhile to read the book．
impress
【原句回放】The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends．(P26)他给皇帝留下了深刻的印象，两个人成了朋友。
【点拨】impress vt．给予强烈印象，使留下深刻印象，使铭记，使意识到
The book didn’t impress me at all．
这本书没有给我留下任何印象。
His sincerity impressed her．他的真诚打动了她。
常用结构：be(deeply/ strongly)impressed by对……印象深刻
impress sb．with sth．/sb．以……给某人留下深刻的印象
impress sth. on/ upon sb．/one’s memory 使铭记某物；使某人对……印象深刻
He impressed her with his sincerity．他用真诚打动了她。
Her words impressed themselves on my memory．她的话语我铭记在心里。
He impressed on us the need for immediate action．
他让我们意识到必须立即采取行动(的重要性)。
归纳拓展：impression n．印象，感想，想法，看法
impressive adj．令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的
impressionable adj. (人，尤指年轻人)易受影响的
常用结构：make an impression(on／upon sb．)(给某人)留下印象
make no impression没有效果，不起作用
(be)under the impression that…以为……，(通常指)误认为……
You’ll have to play better than that if you really want to make an impression(＝to make people admire you)．
你如果真的想给人留下好印象，就得表现得更好些。
My words made no impression on her．我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。
Tom was under the impression that Bob stole his money．
汤姆认为鲍勃偷了他的钱。
amaze
【原句回放】Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was．(P26)马可同时也被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。
【点拨】amaze vt．使惊愕(惊奇)
Her knowledge amazes me. 她的学识令我吃惊。
【拓展】amazed adj. 吃惊的，惊奇的（表示人的感觉）
amazing adj. 令人惊异的（表示事物性质）
amazement n. 惊奇，惊异
常用结构：be amazed at (by) 对……大为惊奇
be amazed to do … 很吃惊地做某事
to one’s amazement 使某人惊讶的
We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.
我们很惊异地发现竟没有人受伤。
I am amazed by what you have told me．我对你告诉我的那些感到惊愕。
It was amazing that he knew nothing about the event.
他对这个事件毫不知情，真让人感到诧异。
To our amazement，the door had been unlocked for a week．
令我们诧异的是，这扇门已经有一个星期没上锁了。
confuse
【原句回放】He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel．(P26)他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。
【点拨】confuse vt. 把(某人)弄糊涂，使迷惑，使为难；使(某物)模糊不清，使混淆
常用结构
confuse A with B把A与B混淆
confuse the issue／matter／argument搅乱问题／事情／争论
confuse sb. 弄乱某人，使某人困惑
They confused me by asking so many questions．
他们提了一大堆问题，把我都弄糊涂了。
The new rules confused the drivers．
新的规则使司机们困惑不已。
Don’t confuse Austria and／with Australia．
不要把奥地利跟澳大利亚混淆了。
Don’t confuse the issue．不要把这个问题搅乱。
【拓展】confusing adj. 莫名其妙的，难以理解的
confused adj. 糊涂的，迷乱的，混杂的
confusion n. 困惑，混乱
be confused about对……感到困惑／迷惑
create／lead to confusion造成混乱
throw...into confusion使……陷于混乱
quantity
【原句回放】He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities．(P27)他去了一个大批量生产铁的城市。
【点拨】quantity n．[U，C]量，数量(尤指巨大的)
常用结构：quantities of／a quantity of...许多的……，大量的……
in quantity ／in (huge) quantities大量，大批
注意：
1. a quantity of和quantities of其后既可接可数名词复数，也可以接不可数名词。
2. “a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致。
3. “quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
His reputation as a writer depends more on quantity than quality．
他获得作家的名气靠的是作品的数量而不是质量。
What quantity do you require? 你要求多大的数量?
It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity．大批量地购物较便宜。
We export a large quantity of bicycles now. 我们现在出口大量的自行车。
There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
Large quantities of water have been polluted by the factory.
大量的水已经被那座工厂污染了。
【拓展】形似词：quality n. 质，质量，品质，特性，品种
The changes of quantity cause the changes of quality．量变引起质变。
重点短语
go down
【原句回放】
The food cooking on the fire smells great and while you are having a hot cup of tea，you relax and watch the sun go down．(P22)烤在火上的食物散发着诱人的香味，你喝着一杯热茶，轻松地欣赏着日落。
【点拨】go down(船)下沉，(价格)下跌，(温度等)下降，(洪水等)下落
The moon has gone down．月亮已落下去了。
Prices on the stock exchange have begun to go down．
股票交易价格已开始下跌。
Her temperature has gone down．她的体温已降下来了。
The floods are going down．洪水开始消退。
【拓展】含go的短语
go against违反，对……不利 go away离开，走开
go back回去 go by过去，(时间)逝去
go in for从事，喜好 go off离去，去世，爆炸
go out出去，熄灭 go through通过，经历，仔细看
go up上升，上涨 go with与……协调、搭配
go without没有……也行 go over检查，复习
in order to
【原句回放】
People do extreme sports in order to feel excited．(P24)人们做极限运动是为了感到兴奋。
【点拨】in order to 为了（引导目的状语，比to do语气更强烈）
常用结构：in order for sb．to do… 以便某人做某事
in order not to do… 为了不做……
He started early in order to catch the first bus．
他早出发是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。
He gets up early in order not to be late．
他为了不迟到而早起。
易混辨析：in order to与so as to
两者意义相同，皆引导目的状语，但其位置值得注意：in order to可放在句首，也可放在句中，而so as to只能放在句中。
[译]为了赶上第一班公共汽车，我早早地起床。
[误]So as to catch the first bus，I got up early．
[正]I got up early so as to catch the first bus．
＝I got up early so that l could catch the first bus．
＝In order to catch the first bus I got up early．
＝I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus．
upside down
【原句回放】
Ice divers walk upside down under the ice．(P24)冰下潜水运动员在冰下倒着走。
【点拨】upside down
(1)倒置，颠倒
He put up the picture upside down．他把那幅画挂倒了。
(2)乱七八糟，东倒两歪
turn somewhere upside down把某处弄得乱七八糟
归纳拓展
wrong side out(指衣服、帽子等)里面朝外的
She wears her dress wrong side out．她把衣服穿反了(里面朝外了)。
go through with
【原句回放】
When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it．(P25)当我第一次出现在蹦极现场时，我很紧张，企图退出。但是我的朋友们说服我跳了下去。
【点拨】go through with照承诺(或计划)去做，将……进行到底
Jenny felt she couldn’t go through with the competition．
珍妮觉得自己不能照原来说的去比赛。
We must go through with our career．
我们必须将我们的事业进行到底。
易混辨析：go through with与go through
go through with主要指完成(或做完)艰难或令人不快的事。
go through主要指经历(或遭受)磨难或痛苦的事。
She decided not to go through with(＝not to have)the operation．
她决定不动手术。
She’s been going through a bad path recently．她最近很不走运。
He is amazingly cheerful considering all he’s had to go through．
经历了种种磨难，他还那么乐观，令人惊叹。
turn up
【点拨】turn up出现，调大音量，把……向上翻
We have been waiting for him for a long time，but he hasn’t turned up．
我们一直等了他很久了，但他还是没有露面。
Turn up the radio so that everyone can hear it．
把收音机的音量调大一点儿，以使大家都能听见。
He turned up his collar．他把领子翻了上去。
【拓展】含turn的短语
turn around转身 turn against背叛
turn down拒绝，调低 turn off关掉
turn out关掉，熄灭，证明是，开除 turn to求助于，翻到
turn a deaf ear to不理会 turn over翻，翻身，翻转，打翻
get across
【原句回放】It’s difficult to get across how exciting it is!(P25)很难让人理解它有多么令人兴奋!
【点拨】get across使理解(某事)；被理解
How can I get it across to you people how important this is?
我怎样才能让你们这些人理解这件事的重要性呢?
She managed to get the feeling across that she wasn’t happy．她设法让人理解她是不幸福的。
Your meaning didn’t really get across．
你的意思并未真正为别人理解。
in turn
【原句回放】Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was．(P26)马可同时也被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。
【点拨】in turn轮流，依次，逐个地，反过来
The girls called out their names in turn．那些女孩逐一报出她们的名字。
Interest rates were cut，and in turn，share prices rose．
利率降了，而股票价格涨了。
【拓展】相关短语
take turns to do sth.／(at)doing sth．轮流做某事
it’s one’s turn to do sth．轮到某人做某事
wait one’s turn to do sth．等候轮到某人做某事
take one’s turn依次，轮到某人
by turns轮流，依次
break out
【原句回放】Not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town．(P26)他回国后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。
【点拨】break out(战争、火灾等)爆发，(疾病)突然发生
The First World War broke out in 1914．
第一次世界大战爆发于1914年。
A fire broke out in this hotel last night. 昨晚这家旅馆发生了火灾。
温馨提示
break out为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，同样用法的还有take place，come about，die out等。
The bird died out．这种鸟绝迹了。
归纳拓展
break off(使)折断，突然停止(讲话等) break into破门而入，闯入
break away from挣脱，摆脱，脱离 break up分解(物理变化)，破裂
break down （机器等）出毛病了，感情失控，衰落下来，分解
stand by
【原句回放】But Marco always stood by his tales．(P26)但是马可总是信守他所讲的每一个故事。
【点拨】stand by
(1)遵守，坚持
You should always stand by your promises．你应该一直遵守你的诺言。
I still stand by what I said yesterday．我仍然坚持我昨天所说的。
(2)站在一旁，袖手旁观
You cannot stand by and allow such a thing to happen．
你不能袖手旁观，允许这样的事情发生。
(3)忠于(某人)，支持，站在……一边
No matter what happens I'll stand by you，so don’t be afraid．
不管发生什么事情，我都会支持你，因此不要害怕。
(4)在一旁随时准备行动
The policeman in the car radioed the police station about the robbery，and then stood by for orders．
在车中的那个警察用对讲机把抢劫案报告给警察局，然后待在车中等待指示。
重点句型
动词不定式作定语
【原句回放】
They know all the best routes and best places to camp．(P22)他们熟知所有的最佳路线和最好的宿营地。
【点拨】本句中的to camp是动词不定式，充当places的定语。
归纳：动词不定式作定语时应注意的几个问题
①当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，可用主动语态to do形式和被动语态to be done形式，但含义不同。
Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗?(to send的动作执行者是you。)
Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else。)
②当动词不定式既有逻辑主语又有逻辑宾语时，该不定式只能用主动形式to do。
I will buy you a book to read．我要给你买本书读。(to read的逻辑主语，即动作的发出者是you，to read的逻辑宾语是a book。)
③作定语的动词不定式中的动词如果是不及物动词，或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后面必须有相应的介词。
He is looking for a room to live in．他在找一个房间居住。
There is nothing to talk about．没什么可谈论的。
状态或动作动词
State or Activity verbs
【原句回放】We also realize that hiking can be hard work and believe that hikers need all our help. (P22)
【点拨】状态或动作动词（State or Activity verbs）
1. 动词分为：动作动词（描述动作），和状态动词（描述状态）。
The girl is putting on a red coat. 那个女孩正在穿一件红大衣。
(动作正在发生, put on为动作动词)。
She has on a red coat. 她穿着一件红大衣。 (have on为状态动词)。
2. 状态动词
要点：状态动词通常不用于进行时态。状态动词包括：
1）表示拥有和存在意思的动词，如： be(是)，seem ， appear ， belong to ， differ from ， need，have(有) ，contain, own，possess等。
The boy is 170 centimeters tall. 这个男孩170厘米高。
That dictionary belongs to me. 那本词典属于我。
2）表示五官感觉的动词，如 hear, see, feel, taste, smell, sound等。
The old man doesn’t hear very well．这个老人听力不好。
The meat tastes delicious. 肉很好吃。
3）表示思维活动的动词，如 believe, consider, expect, imagine, regret，remember, mean, realize, want, understand，admit等。
He does not believe in Howard’s honesty. 他不相信霍华德的真诚。
4） 表示情感状态的词，如：adore, care, like, dislike, prefer, love, hate, hope等。
Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 两件衣服你更喜欢哪一件？
3. 某些状态动词也可指代动作，在此情况下，原是状态动词可用进行时。
对比：She is smelling the roses．她正在嗅玫瑰花。（smell指动作）
The fish smells terrible. 这鱼好难闻。（smell指状态）
He has two elder brothers and a younger sister. 他有两个哥哥，一个妹妹。（状态）
He is having his breakfast. 他在吃早饭。（动作）
They are lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine. 他们正躺在海滩上，享受阳光。（动作）
The city lies on the coast. 那座城市在海边。（状态）
巩固练习
单词拼写
1. I told my a experience in the mountains to them.
2. Tom likes e sports very much.
3. There is little rain and not much plant life in (沙漠).
4. Do you know the best r to the library?
5. The travel agent arranged our a .
6.The excitement was at its (最大限度).
7. I haven’t any (选择) in the matter.
8. Of the two, my (较喜欢) is for the smaller one.
9. E sports become very popular now.
10. There are a lot of (相似之处) between the two.
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. (2019广东惠州期末) What my father said to me that night left a deep ________ (impress) on me.
2. He suddenly became ________ (wealth), which changed his whole life.
3. (2019广东惠州期末) What you are saying can be _________ (confuse), if you use the wrong words.
4. The two buildings are ________ (similarity) on the whole.
5. It doesn't take much ________ (imagine) to guess what she meant.
翻译句子
1. 无论发生什么事，我们都支持你。（stand by）
2. 这个司机被这些路标搞糊涂了。（be confused with）
3. (2019 北京西城期末)最后，他们依次提出了应对空气污染的方案。 (in turn)
4. 他答应要来，但是到现在还没到。（turn up）
5. (2019 北京西城期末)这个外国人很难让别人理解他的想法。 (get across)
单项选择
1. The most popular food for foreigners on any menu in Beijing is roast duck.
A. include B. including C. to include D. included
2. The man a boat, but he failed to find suitable materials.
A. meant to build B. meant building
C. had meant to build D. had meant building
3. the damage from enemy action, people had to deal with a severe shortage of food clothing, fuel and almost everything.
A.As soon as B.As long as C.As far as D.As well as
4. During the busiest season like National Day, Spring Festival, the traffic company provides
buses for the travelers.
A. extra B. spare C. various D. unusual
5. He as well as I what you said.
A. agree with B. agree on C. agrees with D. agrees on
6. We choose him manager of our company, because he the position.
A. is fit to B. is fit for C. fit D. fits
7. A stranger was seen upstairs. He must be still there now.
A. go B. to go C. going D. gone
8. It is generally believed that teaching is it is a science.
A. as art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
9. —You should apologize to her, Barry. — , but it’s not going to be easy.
A. I suppose so B. I feel so C. I prefer to D. I like to
10. —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema? —That me fine.
A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits
11. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up
12. — What are you reading, Tom?
— I’m not really reading, just the pages.
A. turning off B. turning around C. turning over D. turning up
13. This magazine is very with young people, who like its content and style.
A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. particular
14. Most rivers of China from west to east.
A. flow B. float[ C. travel D. go
15. The baby is sleeping. Please the radio.
A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn away
16.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane .
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
17.I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
18.Finding information in today’s world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.
A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge
19. I to give all my life to the career of education.
A. am like B. would like C. feel like D. are like
20.—Will you join us in the game?[ —Thank you,
A. but why not? B. but I’d rather not. C. and I won’t. D. and I’ll join.
答案与解析
单词拼写
1. adventure 2.extreme 3.desert 4.route 5. accommodation
6.maximum 7.option 8.preference 9.Extreme 10.similarities
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. impression 2. wealthy 3. confusing 4. similar 5. imagination
翻译句子
1. No matter what/ Whatever happens, we will stand by you.
2. The driver was confused with the road signs.
3. Eventually / Finally, they presented the solutions to air pollution in turn.
4. He promised to come, but so far he has not turned up yet.
5. The foreigner had difficulty (in) getting his ideas across to others./
The foreigner found it difficult to get his ideas across to others./
It was difficult for the foreigner to get his ideas across to others.
单项选择
1.D 过去分词作后置定语。
2.C mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing 意味着。句意：这个人打算建一艘船，但他没有找到合适的材料。
3.D as well as 除……之外，也。
4.A extra 额/外的。
5.C 句子的主语为he，故谓语动词用单数；“同意某人的话”用agree with。
6.B be fit for 意为“胜任”。
7.B be seen to do sth.是固定用法。
8.D 根据题意，此处需用as...as结构，所以B项不对，A、C为语序错误。全句意为“一般认为，教学如同科学一样是一门艺术”。
9. A 考查情景交际。句意：“你应该向她道歉，Barry。”“我认为如此，但那不是件容易的事。” I suppose so.“我认为如此”；I feel so.“我感觉如此”。
10. D 答语句意：那很适合我。fit指大小合适。
11.C take up在此意为“开始从事”。
12.C 本题考查由turn构成的动词短语。答句句意：我没在真正看书，只是在翻书。turn over“翻过一页书（纸）”，符合句意。turn off“关闭”；turn around“完成；提供；生产出”；turn up“调大；出现；发生”。
13.B 本题考查形容词与介词的搭配。be popular with...“受……的欢迎”。
14.A 句意：中国的大部分河流从西向东流淌。
15.B turn up “把（音量、火焰等）调大”；turn down “把（音量、火焰等）调小”；turn on “打开”；turn away “把……打发走”。
16.B 表示位置转移的词用进行时表将来。
17.B would love to do sth.是固定结构，but前分句句意为“我希望昨天晚上去（参加）聚会了”，所以用不定式的完成式。
18.C challenge挑战。
19.B would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。
20.B Thank you, but...是用来委婉拒绝他人邀请的句式。
目标认知
重点词汇
extreme，adventure，desert，optional，imagine，can，route，mean，accommodation，prefer
cost，maximum，differ，anxious，similarity，stand，worth，impress，amaze，confuse
quantity
重点短语
go down，in order to，upside down，go through with，turn up，get across，in turn，break out
stand by
重点句型
动词不定式作定语
状态或动作动词
知识讲解
重点词汇
extreme
【原句回放】Listen to people talking about extreme sports and adventure holidays．(P21)听人们谈论极限运动和冒险假日。
【点拨】extreme
①adj. 极端的，极其的
After three months she got used to the extreme heat．
三个月以后她就适应酷热的环境了。
Extreme cold will cause the engine to fail to start．
极其寒冷会导致发动机发动不起来。
②adj. 远离中心的，末端的
He lives in the extreme north of the country．他生活在这个国家的最北端。
③n. [C]极端
Sometimes he eats too much and sometimes he eats nothing．He goes from one extreme to the other．他有时吃得太多，有时什么也不吃。他从一个极端走到另一个极端。
归纳拓展
extremely adv. 极端地，极其，非常
extremity n. 极限，极度，末端，尽头
常用结构
go to extremes走极端 in the extreme极其，非常
extreme crisis极端严重的危机 extreme emotion极端强烈的情感
extreme joy极其快乐 an extreme case一起极端案件
extreme measures极端措施
adventure
【原句回放】Listen to people talking about extreme sports and adventure holidays．(P21)听人们谈论极限运动和冒险假日。
【点拨】adventure n. 奇遇，冒险的经历
An Antarctic expedition was once an adventure．远征南极曾是一项冒险之举。
(2019 福建高考) Life can be so wonderful, full of adventure and joy.
生活可以是如此的精彩，充满了冒险和快乐。
易混辨析
venture与adventure
①venture“冒险”，既可作名词，又可作动词，多指冒生命危险或重大的经济风险。
②adventure只用作名词，所冒之险一般只是刺激性强，并无多大危险，用作复数时，意为“冒险故事”。
desert
【原句回放】Explore：a forest，a desert，another planet(P21)探索：一片森林、一片沙漠、另一颗行星
【点拨】desert
(1)n. 沙漠，不毛之地
He went to the Sahara Desert last year．去年他去了撒哈拉沙漠。
(2)vt. 遗弃，抛弃
He deserted his wife and children and went abroad．
他置妻子儿女于不顾，出国去了。
(3)vt. 背弃，离开
The teacher deserted his post．那个老师放弃了教学岗位。
归纳拓展
deserter n. 逃兵，开小差的人
deserted adj. 无人居住的，被抛弃的
To his surprise，he found a deserted hut in the desert．
使他惊奇的是，他在沙漠里发现了一间废弃的小屋。
optional
【原句回放】Why does the company offer optional tours?(P22) 这家(旅游)公司为什么提供可选择的旅游(项目)呢?
【点拨】optional adj. 可选择的，非强制的
(2019 湖南高考) As a senior next year, I think extra periods should be used to take optional subjects. 作为明年的毕业班学生，应该多用点课时来上选修课。
【拓展】option n. [U]选择，选择权，选择自由；[C](供)选择的事物
常用结构：at one’s option随意
have no option but to do sth．不得不做某事（option相当于choice）
There are three options open to us．我们有三个选择。
It was so serious a matter that I had no option but to call the police.
这是一个十分严重的事,我没有选择只能报警。
There was no option but to quit her job in order to take care of her child.
为了照顾孩子，她别无选择只好辞职。
imagine
【原句回放】Just imagine．(P22)试想一下。
【点拨】imagine vt．想象，设想
n. 想象……
常用结构：imagine (sb.) doing sth. 想象（某人）做某事
imagine+ that／wh-从句想象……
imagine sb./sth. to be + n./adj. 想象某人/物是……
You may imagine their astonishment at finding the room empty．
你可以想象他们在发现房间空着时吃惊的样子。
Try to imagine being on the moon．
尽力想象一下，置身于月球时的情景。
I could easily imagine her regarding him as a man of fine quality．
我能够很容易地想象她会认为他是一个具有优良品质的人。
You can’t imagine how I miss the bird．
你想象不出我多么想念那只鸟。
温馨提示：
当主语为第一人称，imagine后接的宾语从句为否定意义时，要否定的是主句的谓语动词，即否定转移。其他有类似用法的动词有：think，believe，suppose，expect等。
I don’t imagine that he will come. 我想他不会来。
归纳拓展
imagination n. 想象力，想象出来的东西，幻想
imaginative adj. 有想象力的，幻想的
imaginable adj. 可想象的，想象得到的
imaginary adj. 想象出来的
can
【原句回放】
Hiking trips can be uncomfortable and even dangerous．(P22)徒步旅行可能并不舒服，甚至还很危险。
【点拨】can是情态动词，在本句中表示“有时会，时而可能”。
Our house is on the top of the hill，and in winter the winds can be pretty cold．
我们的房子在山顶上，在冬天，风有时候会非常寒冷。
He is a bad-tempered fellow，but he can be quite charming when he wishes．
他是一个脾气差劲的家伙，但是，如果他愿意，有时候他会是相当迷人的。
route
【原句回放】
They know all the best routes and best places to camp．(P22)他们熟知所有的最佳路线和最好的宿营地。
【点拨】route ①n. 路线，路程
This is the shortest route from London to Paris．这是从伦敦到巴黎的最短路线。
We took the most direct route to the coast．我们走了最直接的路线去海边。
②vt. (经由专门的路线)输送，运送
They routed the goods by way of Germany．他们经由德国输送这些货物。
This flight is routed to Chicago via New York．
这趟班机是经纽约飞往芝加哥的。
归纳拓展
routine adj. 例行的，常规的；n. 例行公事，惯例，惯常的程序
mean
【原句回放】
And our porters carry your luggage，which means that you can simply enjoy the experience．(P22)我们的搬运工则会帮你搬运行李，这样你就可以尽情地享受这经历了。
【点拨】mean
(1)vt. (指字、句等)表示，意指，意味着
常用搭配：mean doing …意味着……
A dictionary tells you what words mean．词典告诉你单词的含义。
The Latin word“amo”means“I love”．拉丁语“amo”的意思是“I love”。
Missing this train means waiting for another hour.
错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。
(2)vt. 图谋，计划，意欲，企图
常用搭配：mean (sb.) to do… 打算（某人）做……，意欲（某人）做……
I don’t mean there to be any argument about this．
我无意使此事引起任何争论。
I meant to give you this book today, but I forgot.
我本来打算今天给你这本书的，可是我忘了。
I didn’t mean you to see and read the letter．
我并没有打算要你看并阅读那封信。
(3)vt. 有……征兆，可能造成……
This frontier incident probably means war．这次边境事件可能导致战争。
(4)vt. 指定，预定(某人或某物供……之用)
I mean this house for my son．我打算把这所房子给我的儿子。
He is obviously meant for a soldier／to be a soldier．很显然，他是当兵的料。
(5)vt. 对……重要，对……有价值
Your friendship means a great deal to me．你的友谊对我来说极为重要。
The high cost of living means nothing to some people．
对某些人来说，高昂的生活费用算不上什么。
归纳拓展
meaningless adj. 无意义的，无目的的
meaningly adv. 有意义地，故意地
meaning n．意义，含义，企图；adj. 意味深长的
accommodation
【原句回放】Accommodation is in comfortable hotels in Beijing and Lhasa，hostels on the hiking trip-and one-or two-person tents for camping．(P22)在北京和拉萨，食宿在舒适的饭店，旅途中住旅店，宿营地则配有单、双人帐篷。
【点拨】accommodation n．
(1)[U]住所，住处，停留处
The price of your hotel accommodation is included in your holiday．
你度假的费用包括旅馆住宿在内。
(2)住宿，膳宿(常用复数)
More and more travelers are looking for bed and breakfast accommodations in private homes．
愈来愈多的旅行者在寻找由私人住户提供住宿和早餐的服务。
(3)[C，U]和解
The two sides came to an accommodation．双方达成了和解。
常用结构
rented accommodation租的住处
furnished accommodation有家具的住处
make accommodations for为……提供膳宿
reach／come to／arrive at an accommodation达成和解
prefer
【原句回放】
For people who prefer to spend some time on the coast，we can organise your travel and accommodation too．(P22)如果你更喜欢在海边停留些日子，我们也可以为你安排旅行和住宿。
【点拨】prefer vt. & vi. 宁愿，更喜欢
常用结构
prefer sb. to do sth．宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do sth.／doing sth．更喜欢做某事
prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A（A、B是动词时用-ing形式）
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth．与做某事相比更喜欢做某事
Which would you prefer，tea or coffee?你比较喜欢喝茶，还是喝咖啡?
I prefer tea to coffee．茶和咖啡相比，我更喜欢喝茶。
I prefer walking to cycling．我喜欢步行多于骑自行车。
He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema．
他喜欢待在家里，不太喜欢去看电影。
Their father prefers them to go home early．他们的父亲希望他们早点回家。
【拓展】类似结构
would like (sb.) to do 想要（某人）做某事
feel like (one’s) doing想要（某人）做某事
would rather do… 宁愿做……
would rather sb. did／had done … 宁愿做……
would rather do...than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做……（也用作would do...rather than do…）
cost
【原句回放】The hike costs ￡2，500 including all flights and accommodation．(P22)旅行费用为2，500英镑，包括所有机票费和住宿费。
【点拨】cost vt.& vi. 花费，价钱为，使丧失；n．价格，成本，代价
The boy’s bad behaviour cost his mother many sleepless nights．
那孩子的不良行为使他的母亲很多天晚上都睡不着。
常用结构
at a／the cost of费用为……，以……为代价
at all costs／at any cost不惜任何代价，无论如何
He saved the girl’s life at the cost of his own. 他牺牲自己的生命救了那个姑娘。
易混辨析：cost，spend，take与pay
四者都有“花费”之意，区别主要在搭配上。
①spend：主语(人)+spend+宾语(时间、金钱)+(in)doing sth．；主语(人)+spend+宾语(时间、金钱)+on sth.。
②cost：主语(事或物)+cost+宾语(人+时间／金钱)(无被动式)。
③take：主语(it作形式主语)+take+宾语(人+时间)+to do sth.；主语(物)+take+宾语(时间)+to do。
④pay：主语(人)+pay+宾语(金钱)+for sth.。
maximum
【原句回放】Maximum group size is 15 people．(P22)每组最多15人。
【点拨】maximum n. (pl. maxima／maximums)最大，最多，最大限度
adj. 最大的，最多的
I can swim a maximum of a mile．我最远能游一英里。
The maximum load for this truck is ten tons．这辆卡车最大载重量是10吨。
温馨提示
maximum的反义词是minimum。
differ
【原句回放】How do the tourists differ from local people?(P23)游客与当地人怎么不同?
【点拨】differ vi. 不一致，不同
Opinions on the subject differ greatly．在这个问题上的意见分歧很大。
常用结构
differ from...与……不同
differ in...在……方面不同
differ with sb. on／about／over sth．在……方面与某人持不同意见
Humans differ from other mammals in their ability to speak．
人与其他哺乳动物的不同之处在于人能说话。
The two lawyers differed with each other on how to present the case．
这两个律师在如何展现这个案件方面意见有分歧。
【拓展】different adj. 不同的，各种各样的，个别的
difference n. 差别
be different from...与……不同
tell the difference between A and B区分A与B的不同之处
make a difference有影响，有差异
make no difference没有影响
anxious
【原句回放】From that moment they started to feel anxious and they slept badly that night．(P23)从那时起，他们开始感到担心，并且那天晚上他们睡得很不好。
【点拨】anxious adj. 不安的，(非正式)渴望的；使人焦虑或担心的
常用结构
be anxious about／for...为……担心
be anxious to do sth.／for sth．渴望做某事
be anxious that...渴望……
He was anxious for the safety of his money．他担心他的钱是否安全。
He was anxious to please his guests．他渴望讨好客人。
He was anxious that they could have all they want．
他非常希望能拥有他们想要的一切。
The period of his illness was anxious time to us all．他生病期间令我们大家都很焦虑。
归纳拓展
anxiously adv. 焦虑地，急切地
anxiety n. 焦虑，渴望，热望
易混辨析：eager与anxious
eager强调对成功的渴望，含有积极的意义；anxious强调“担心，忧虑”，对结果表示不安。
She is eager to go to college，but anxious about not passing the entrance examinations．
她渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过入学考试。
similarity
【原句回放】Snowboarding has similarities with surfing．(P24)单板滑雪与冲浪有相似之处。
【点拨】similarity
(1)n．[C]类似点，相似点
The police say there are some similarities between the two attacks．
警方说这两次袭击有相似之处。
(2)n. [U]类似性，相似性
What I like about his poetry is its similarity to Wordsworth’s．
我喜欢他的诗的地方是它跟华兹华斯的(诗)很相似。
归纳拓展：similar adj. 相似的
similarly adv. 相似地，同样地，相同地
常用结构：be similar to与……相似
stand
【原句回放】
I can’t stand slow sports．(P24)我不能忍受慢速运动。
【点拨】stand vt．经受，承受，忍受
常用结构：stand doing sth．容忍做某事
I don’t know if I can stand the waiting any longer．
再等下去，我不知道我是否受得了。
How can you stand Mary coming home late all the time?
你怎么能忍受玛丽总是晚回家?
易混辨析：bear，endure，tolerate与stand
(1)bear通常表示忍受一件沉重的、困难的事情，但侧重忍受的能力，不太强调其态度。bear的宾语如果是人或事物，后面有时加with，如果宾语是抽象的概念，则通常不加with，bear多用于否定句或疑问句。
I can’t bear his reproaches．
我不能忍受他的指责。
The pain was almost more than he could bear．
疼痛几乎使他不能忍受。
(2)endure强调默默地、无怨言地忍受，但不屈服，多用于否定句，常和can，could，be able to连用。
She can’t endure his rudeness．她不能忍受他的粗野。
(3)tolerate主要指容忍与自己的愿望相反的事情。人之所以能tolerate，常常是由于不太关心某事，是为了求得安宁、平静。
A nation will not tolerate treason．国家不能容忍叛国行为。
I will not tolerate your impudence．我不会容忍你的轻率。
(4)stand“忍耐，忍受，顶住”，在口语中，stand常被用来表示bear或endure的意思。
worth
【原句回放】But it’s worth waiting for．(P25)但这值得等待。
【点拨】worth adj. 等值的，值钱的
常用结构：be worth + n. (常指价值)
be worth + doing值得做……
The coat is worth 100 yuan．这件上衣值100元。
The man is worth trusting．这个人值得信任。
易混辨析：worth，worthy与worthwhile
(1)worth只能作表语，后常接名词或动名词。
(2)worthy作定语时指“有地位的，有价值的”；作表语时，常用be worthy of + n. ／be worthy to be done／be worthy of being done结构。
(3)worthwhile可以作定语或表语，作定语时指“值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)去做的”；作表语时，常用it作形式主语，构成It is worthwhile doing sth.／to do sth．结构。
这本书值得一读。
The book is worth reading．
＝The book is worthy of being read．
＝The book is worthy to be read．
＝It is worthwhile reading the book．
＝It is worthwhile to read the book．
impress
【原句回放】The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends．(P26)他给皇帝留下了深刻的印象，两个人成了朋友。
【点拨】impress vt．给予强烈印象，使留下深刻印象，使铭记，使意识到
The book didn’t impress me at all．
这本书没有给我留下任何印象。
His sincerity impressed her．他的真诚打动了她。
常用结构：be(deeply/ strongly)impressed by对……印象深刻
impress sb．with sth．/sb．以……给某人留下深刻的印象
impress sth. on/ upon sb．/one’s memory 使铭记某物；使某人对……印象深刻
He impressed her with his sincerity．他用真诚打动了她。
Her words impressed themselves on my memory．她的话语我铭记在心里。
He impressed on us the need for immediate action．
他让我们意识到必须立即采取行动(的重要性)。
归纳拓展：impression n．印象，感想，想法，看法
impressive adj．令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的
impressionable adj. (人，尤指年轻人)易受影响的
常用结构：make an impression(on／upon sb．)(给某人)留下印象
make no impression没有效果，不起作用
(be)under the impression that…以为……，(通常指)误认为……
You’ll have to play better than that if you really want to make an impression(＝to make people admire you)．
你如果真的想给人留下好印象，就得表现得更好些。
My words made no impression on her．我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。
Tom was under the impression that Bob stole his money．
汤姆认为鲍勃偷了他的钱。
amaze
【原句回放】Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was．(P26)马可同时也被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。
【点拨】amaze vt．使惊愕(惊奇)
Her knowledge amazes me. 她的学识令我吃惊。
【拓展】amazed adj. 吃惊的，惊奇的（表示人的感觉）
amazing adj. 令人惊异的（表示事物性质）
amazement n. 惊奇，惊异
常用结构：be amazed at (by) 对……大为惊奇
be amazed to do … 很吃惊地做某事
to one’s amazement 使某人惊讶的
We were amazed to find that no one was hurt.
我们很惊异地发现竟没有人受伤。
I am amazed by what you have told me．我对你告诉我的那些感到惊愕。
It was amazing that he knew nothing about the event.
他对这个事件毫不知情，真让人感到诧异。
To our amazement，the door had been unlocked for a week．
令我们诧异的是，这扇门已经有一个星期没上锁了。
confuse
【原句回放】He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel．(P26)他也不明白为什么人们用黑色的石头作燃料。
【点拨】confuse vt. 把(某人)弄糊涂，使迷惑，使为难；使(某物)模糊不清，使混淆
常用结构
confuse A with B把A与B混淆
confuse the issue／matter／argument搅乱问题／事情／争论
confuse sb. 弄乱某人，使某人困惑
They confused me by asking so many questions．
他们提了一大堆问题，把我都弄糊涂了。
The new rules confused the drivers．
新的规则使司机们困惑不已。
Don’t confuse Austria and／with Australia．
不要把奥地利跟澳大利亚混淆了。
Don’t confuse the issue．不要把这个问题搅乱。
【拓展】confusing adj. 莫名其妙的，难以理解的
confused adj. 糊涂的，迷乱的，混杂的
confusion n. 困惑，混乱
be confused about对……感到困惑／迷惑
create／lead to confusion造成混乱
throw...into confusion使……陷于混乱
quantity
【原句回放】He went to a city where iron was produced in huge quantities．(P27)他去了一个大批量生产铁的城市。
【点拨】quantity n．[U，C]量，数量(尤指巨大的)
常用结构：quantities of／a quantity of...许多的……，大量的……
in quantity ／in (huge) quantities大量，大批
注意：
1. a quantity of和quantities of其后既可接可数名词复数，也可以接不可数名词。
2. “a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致。
3. “quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
His reputation as a writer depends more on quantity than quality．
他获得作家的名气靠的是作品的数量而不是质量。
What quantity do you require? 你要求多大的数量?
It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity．大批量地购物较便宜。
We export a large quantity of bicycles now. 我们现在出口大量的自行车。
There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle. 瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
Large quantities of water have been polluted by the factory.
大量的水已经被那座工厂污染了。
【拓展】形似词：quality n. 质，质量，品质，特性，品种
The changes of quantity cause the changes of quality．量变引起质变。
重点短语
go down
【原句回放】
The food cooking on the fire smells great and while you are having a hot cup of tea，you relax and watch the sun go down．(P22)烤在火上的食物散发着诱人的香味，你喝着一杯热茶，轻松地欣赏着日落。
【点拨】go down(船)下沉，(价格)下跌，(温度等)下降，(洪水等)下落
The moon has gone down．月亮已落下去了。
Prices on the stock exchange have begun to go down．
股票交易价格已开始下跌。
Her temperature has gone down．她的体温已降下来了。
The floods are going down．洪水开始消退。
【拓展】含go的短语
go against违反，对……不利 go away离开，走开
go back回去 go by过去，(时间)逝去
go in for从事，喜好 go off离去，去世，爆炸
go out出去，熄灭 go through通过，经历，仔细看
go up上升，上涨 go with与……协调、搭配
go without没有……也行 go over检查，复习
in order to
【原句回放】
People do extreme sports in order to feel excited．(P24)人们做极限运动是为了感到兴奋。
【点拨】in order to 为了（引导目的状语，比to do语气更强烈）
常用结构：in order for sb．to do… 以便某人做某事
in order not to do… 为了不做……
He started early in order to catch the first bus．
他早出发是为了赶上第一班公共汽车。
He gets up early in order not to be late．
他为了不迟到而早起。
易混辨析：in order to与so as to
两者意义相同，皆引导目的状语，但其位置值得注意：in order to可放在句首，也可放在句中，而so as to只能放在句中。
[译]为了赶上第一班公共汽车，我早早地起床。
[误]So as to catch the first bus，I got up early．
[正]I got up early so as to catch the first bus．
＝I got up early so that l could catch the first bus．
＝In order to catch the first bus I got up early．
＝I got up early in order that I could catch the first bus．
upside down
【原句回放】
Ice divers walk upside down under the ice．(P24)冰下潜水运动员在冰下倒着走。
【点拨】upside down
(1)倒置，颠倒
He put up the picture upside down．他把那幅画挂倒了。
(2)乱七八糟，东倒两歪
turn somewhere upside down把某处弄得乱七八糟
归纳拓展
wrong side out(指衣服、帽子等)里面朝外的
She wears her dress wrong side out．她把衣服穿反了(里面朝外了)。
go through with
【原句回放】
When I turned up for my first jump I was so nervous that I tried to back out，but my friends persuaded me to go through with it．(P25)当我第一次出现在蹦极现场时，我很紧张，企图退出。但是我的朋友们说服我跳了下去。
【点拨】go through with照承诺(或计划)去做，将……进行到底
Jenny felt she couldn’t go through with the competition．
珍妮觉得自己不能照原来说的去比赛。
We must go through with our career．
我们必须将我们的事业进行到底。
易混辨析：go through with与go through
go through with主要指完成(或做完)艰难或令人不快的事。
go through主要指经历(或遭受)磨难或痛苦的事。
She decided not to go through with(＝not to have)the operation．
她决定不动手术。
She’s been going through a bad path recently．她最近很不走运。
He is amazingly cheerful considering all he’s had to go through．
经历了种种磨难，他还那么乐观，令人惊叹。
turn up
【点拨】turn up出现，调大音量，把……向上翻
We have been waiting for him for a long time，but he hasn’t turned up．
我们一直等了他很久了，但他还是没有露面。
Turn up the radio so that everyone can hear it．
把收音机的音量调大一点儿，以使大家都能听见。
He turned up his collar．他把领子翻了上去。
【拓展】含turn的短语
turn around转身 turn against背叛
turn down拒绝，调低 turn off关掉
turn out关掉，熄灭，证明是，开除 turn to求助于，翻到
turn a deaf ear to不理会 turn over翻，翻身，翻转，打翻
get across
【原句回放】It’s difficult to get across how exciting it is!(P25)很难让人理解它有多么令人兴奋!
【点拨】get across使理解(某事)；被理解
How can I get it across to you people how important this is?
我怎样才能让你们这些人理解这件事的重要性呢?
She managed to get the feeling across that she wasn’t happy．她设法让人理解她是不幸福的。
Your meaning didn’t really get across．
你的意思并未真正为别人理解。
in turn
【原句回放】Marco，in turn，was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was．(P26)马可同时也被中国的美丽和强大所震撼。
【点拨】in turn轮流，依次，逐个地，反过来
The girls called out their names in turn．那些女孩逐一报出她们的名字。
Interest rates were cut，and in turn，share prices rose．
利率降了，而股票价格涨了。
【拓展】相关短语
take turns to do sth.／(at)doing sth．轮流做某事
it’s one’s turn to do sth．轮到某人做某事
wait one’s turn to do sth．等候轮到某人做某事
take one’s turn依次，轮到某人
by turns轮流，依次
break out
【原句回放】Not long after his return，a local war broke out near his town．(P26)他回国后不久，一场区域性的战争在他家乡附近爆发了。
【点拨】break out(战争、火灾等)爆发，(疾病)突然发生
The First World War broke out in 1914．
第一次世界大战爆发于1914年。
A fire broke out in this hotel last night. 昨晚这家旅馆发生了火灾。
温馨提示
break out为不及物动词短语，不能用于被动语态，同样用法的还有take place，come about，die out等。
The bird died out．这种鸟绝迹了。
归纳拓展
break off(使)折断，突然停止(讲话等) break into破门而入，闯入
break away from挣脱，摆脱，脱离 break up分解(物理变化)，破裂
break down （机器等）出毛病了，感情失控，衰落下来，分解
stand by
【原句回放】But Marco always stood by his tales．(P26)但是马可总是信守他所讲的每一个故事。
【点拨】stand by
(1)遵守，坚持
You should always stand by your promises．你应该一直遵守你的诺言。
I still stand by what I said yesterday．我仍然坚持我昨天所说的。
(2)站在一旁，袖手旁观
You cannot stand by and allow such a thing to happen．
你不能袖手旁观，允许这样的事情发生。
(3)忠于(某人)，支持，站在……一边
No matter what happens I'll stand by you，so don’t be afraid．
不管发生什么事情，我都会支持你，因此不要害怕。
(4)在一旁随时准备行动
The policeman in the car radioed the police station about the robbery，and then stood by for orders．
在车中的那个警察用对讲机把抢劫案报告给警察局，然后待在车中等待指示。
重点句型
动词不定式作定语
【原句回放】
They know all the best routes and best places to camp．(P22)他们熟知所有的最佳路线和最好的宿营地。
【点拨】本句中的to camp是动词不定式，充当places的定语。
归纳：动词不定式作定语时应注意的几个问题
①当作定语的动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的承受者时，可用主动语态to do形式和被动语态to be done形式，但含义不同。
Have you anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗?(to send的动作执行者是you。)
Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else。)
②当动词不定式既有逻辑主语又有逻辑宾语时，该不定式只能用主动形式to do。
I will buy you a book to read．我要给你买本书读。(to read的逻辑主语，即动作的发出者是you，to read的逻辑宾语是a book。)
③作定语的动词不定式中的动词如果是不及物动词，或者动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式动作的地点、工具等，动词不定式后面必须有相应的介词。
He is looking for a room to live in．他在找一个房间居住。
There is nothing to talk about．没什么可谈论的。
状态或动作动词
State or Activity verbs
【原句回放】We also realize that hiking can be hard work and believe that hikers need all our help. (P22)
【点拨】状态或动作动词（State or Activity verbs）
1. 动词分为：动作动词（描述动作），和状态动词（描述状态）。
The girl is putting on a red coat. 那个女孩正在穿一件红大衣。
(动作正在发生, put on为动作动词)。
She has on a red coat. 她穿着一件红大衣。 (have on为状态动词)。
2. 状态动词
要点：状态动词通常不用于进行时态。状态动词包括：
1）表示拥有和存在意思的动词，如： be(是)，seem ， appear ， belong to ， differ from ， need，have(有) ，contain, own，possess等。
The boy is 170 centimeters tall. 这个男孩170厘米高。
That dictionary belongs to me. 那本词典属于我。
2）表示五官感觉的动词，如 hear, see, feel, taste, smell, sound等。
The old man doesn’t hear very well．这个老人听力不好。
The meat tastes delicious. 肉很好吃。
3）表示思维活动的动词，如 believe, consider, expect, imagine, regret，remember, mean, realize, want, understand，admit等。
He does not believe in Howard’s honesty. 他不相信霍华德的真诚。
4） 表示情感状态的词，如：adore, care, like, dislike, prefer, love, hate, hope等。
Which of these two dresses do you prefer? 两件衣服你更喜欢哪一件？
3. 某些状态动词也可指代动作，在此情况下，原是状态动词可用进行时。
对比：She is smelling the roses．她正在嗅玫瑰花。（smell指动作）
The fish smells terrible. 这鱼好难闻。（smell指状态）
He has two elder brothers and a younger sister. 他有两个哥哥，一个妹妹。（状态）
He is having his breakfast. 他在吃早饭。（动作）
They are lying on the beach, enjoying the sunshine. 他们正躺在海滩上，享受阳光。（动作）
The city lies on the coast. 那座城市在海边。（状态）
巩固练习
单词拼写
1. I told my a experience in the mountains to them.
2. Tom likes e sports very much.
3. There is little rain and not much plant life in (沙漠).
4. Do you know the best r to the library?
5. The travel agent arranged our a .
6.The excitement was at its (最大限度).
7. I haven’t any (选择) in the matter.
8. Of the two, my (较喜欢) is for the smaller one.
9. E sports become very popular now.
10. There are a lot of (相似之处) between the two.
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. (2019广东惠州期末) What my father said to me that night left a deep ________ (impress) on me.
2. He suddenly became ________ (wealth), which changed his whole life.
3. (2019广东惠州期末) What you are saying can be _________ (confuse), if you use the wrong words.
4. The two buildings are ________ (similarity) on the whole.
5. It doesn't take much ________ (imagine) to guess what she meant.
翻译句子
1. 无论发生什么事，我们都支持你。（stand by）
2. 这个司机被这些路标搞糊涂了。（be confused with）
3. (2019 北京西城期末)最后，他们依次提出了应对空气污染的方案。 (in turn)
4. 他答应要来，但是到现在还没到。（turn up）
5. (2019 北京西城期末)这个外国人很难让别人理解他的想法。 (get across)
单项选择
1. The most popular food for foreigners on any menu in Beijing is roast duck.
A. include B. including C. to include D. included
2. The man a boat, but he failed to find suitable materials.
A. meant to build B. meant building
C. had meant to build D. had meant building
3. the damage from enemy action, people had to deal with a severe shortage of food clothing, fuel and almost everything.
A.As soon as B.As long as C.As far as D.As well as
4. During the busiest season like National Day, Spring Festival, the traffic company provides
buses for the travelers.
A. extra B. spare C. various D. unusual
5. He as well as I what you said.
A. agree with B. agree on C. agrees with D. agrees on
6. We choose him manager of our company, because he the position.
A. is fit to B. is fit for C. fit D. fits
7. A stranger was seen upstairs. He must be still there now.
A. go B. to go C. going D. gone
8. It is generally believed that teaching is it is a science.
A. as art much as B. much an art as
C. as an art much as D. as much an art as
9. —You should apologize to her, Barry. — , but it’s not going to be easy.
A. I suppose so B. I feel so C. I prefer to D. I like to
10. —How about eight o’clock outside the cinema? —That me fine.
A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits
11. After studying in a medical college for five years, Jane her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A. set out B. took over C. took up D. set up
12. — What are you reading, Tom?
— I’m not really reading, just the pages.
A. turning off B. turning around C. turning over D. turning up
13. This magazine is very with young people, who like its content and style.
A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. particular
14. Most rivers of China from west to east.
A. flow B. float[ C. travel D. go
15. The baby is sleeping. Please the radio.
A. turn up B. turn down C. turn on D. turn away
16.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane .
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
17.I would love to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
18.Finding information in today’s world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.
A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge
19. I to give all my life to the career of education.
A. am like B. would like C. feel like D. are like
20.—Will you join us in the game?[ —Thank you,
A. but why not? B. but I’d rather not. C. and I won’t. D. and I’ll join.
答案与解析
单词拼写
1. adventure 2.extreme 3.desert 4.route 5. accommodation
6.maximum 7.option 8.preference 9.Extreme 10.similarities
用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. impression 2. wealthy 3. confusing 4. similar 5. imagination
翻译句子
1. No matter what/ Whatever happens, we will stand by you.
2. The driver was confused with the road signs.
3. Eventually / Finally, they presented the solutions to air pollution in turn.
4. He promised to come, but so far he has not turned up yet.
5. The foreigner had difficulty (in) getting his ideas across to others./
The foreigner found it difficult to get his ideas across to others./
It was difficult for the foreigner to get his ideas across to others.
单项选择
1.D 过去分词作后置定语。
2.C mean to do sth.打算做某事；mean doing 意味着。句意：这个人打算建一艘船，但他没有找到合适的材料。
3.D as well as 除……之外，也。
4.A extra 额/外的。
5.C 句子的主语为he，故谓语动词用单数；“同意某人的话”用agree with。
6.B be fit for 意为“胜任”。
7.B be seen to do sth.是固定用法。
8.D 根据题意，此处需用as...as结构，所以B项不对，A、C为语序错误。全句意为“一般认为，教学如同科学一样是一门艺术”。
9. A 考查情景交际。句意：“你应该向她道歉，Barry。”“我认为如此，但那不是件容易的事。” I suppose so.“我认为如此”；I feel so.“我感觉如此”。
10. D 答语句意：那很适合我。fit指大小合适。
11.C take up在此意为“开始从事”。
12.C 本题考查由turn构成的动词短语。答句句意：我没在真正看书，只是在翻书。turn over“翻过一页书（纸）”，符合句意。turn off“关闭”；turn around“完成；提供；生产出”；turn up“调大；出现；发生”。
13.B 本题考查形容词与介词的搭配。be popular with...“受……的欢迎”。
14.A 句意：中国的大部分河流从西向东流淌。
15.B turn up “把（音量、火焰等）调大”；turn down “把（音量、火焰等）调小”；turn on “打开”；turn away “把……打发走”。
16.B 表示位置转移的词用进行时表将来。
17.B would love to do sth.是固定结构，but前分句句意为“我希望昨天晚上去（参加）聚会了”，所以用不定式的完成式。
18.C challenge挑战。
19.B would like to do sth.“想要做某事”。
20.B Thank you, but...是用来委婉拒绝他人邀请的句式。