北师大版高中英语模块3 Unit 9 Wheels 复习动词的时态

复习动词时态
概念引入
动词的时态是英语中最重要的语法项目，也是高考重点热点之一，在英语句子中也是随处可见、随时要用的。从学英语我们就开始学习和应用动词的时态，而在高二最后一个语法复习中，我们将重点学习现在完成进行时，并小结一下动词常用的10种时态形式及其用法。
先看下面句子：
1. It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England, who are interested in archaeology.
2. We’ve been excavating here for many years and ...
3. We have found human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects.
4. Did they wear clothes made entirely of animal skins?
5. An archaeologist is showing them round.
这些句子中斜体词部分都是句子的谓语，谓语当然都有自己的时态。句1是一般现在时，句2是现在完成进行时，句3是现在完成时，句4是一般过去时，句5是现在进行时。例句中涉及到的时态只是时态的一部分，下面我们先学习本单元重点语法-----现在完成进行时。
由于篇幅限制，简单的例句将不提供汉语释义。
用法讲解
现在完成进行时
Ⅰ. 构成：
have/ has＋been＋动词?ing (第三人称单数用has，其他用have)
Ⅱ. 用法：
现在完成进行时主要表示从过去某一时刻开始到现在一段时间里一直进行的动作，此动作可能仍在进行，也可能刚刚完成。现在完成进行时所表示的动作具有持续性、暂时性和未完成性。
1．现在完成进行时表示动作的重复，有时所表示的动作并不是一直不停地进行，而是断断续续地重复。
It has been raining every day this month. 这个月天天下雨。
2．表示某种感彩。
His sister has always been studying hard. 他妹妹学习一直很刻苦。(表示赞许)
注意：
1. 现在完成进行时多用于延续性动词，如live，learn，lie(躺)，stay，sit，wait，stand，rest， study等。
2. 常与下列表示时间的表示法连用：
1）all this morning，these days，all night，this month，recently等
2）since ＋时间点或从句、for＋时间段 (此时动作常会继续下去)。
Where have you been living these years? 这些年你一直住在哪里？
The China CCTV has been broadcasting English programmes since 1977.
中国中央电视台自从1977年以来一直播放英语节目。
Ⅲ. 现在完成进行时与现在完成时的主要区别：
1．两者都可表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，但前者着重表示动作的延续性，而后者着 重表示过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果。
They have been living in Beijing for ten years.（强调持续）
他们一直住在北京十年了。
They have lived in Beijing for ten years.（强调完成）
他们住在北京已经十年了。
2．现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般不含有感彩。
What has Tom been doing? 汤姆一直都在做什么？(表示惊异)
What has Tom done？汤姆做什么了？
3．现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近一直见他吗？
Have you met him recently? 你最近见过他吗？
时态小结1----一般体（1）
常用时态形式列表（以do为例）
体
现在
过去
将来
过去将来
一般
do/does（is, am, are）
did (was/ were)
shall／will do
should/would do
进行
am/is/ are doing
was/were doing
shall/will be doing
完成
have/has done
had done
完成进行
have/has been doing
注：表示时态时，shall和should主要用于第一人称。
Ⅰ. 一般现在时
1. 主语是单数第三人称，后接-s／-es。
2. 常与表示频度的副词连用，如：always, usually, often, frequently, sometimes, occasionally，every…, at…, on Sunday，once a week
3. 下面情况常用一般现在时
1）表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
As soon as he earns any money, he spends it. 他一挣来钱就花掉。
2）表示现在的特征或状态。
The old people live in the distant area. 这些老年人住在遥远的地方。
3）公认的真理、客观存在及自然现象。
Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证明地球是圆的。
4）指严格按时间表安排好或要发生的动作时，表示将来。只限于少数动词，如：
begin, start, come, go, leave, sail, arrive, return, end, stop, depart, open, close, be
The concert?begins?at?7:30?and?ends?at?9:30. 音乐会7：30开始，9：30结束。
5）电影、剧情介绍, 新闻标题或小说章节题目, 电视解说词, 舞台动作说明等。
Hundreds of People Die in the Earthquake (新闻标题）
地震：数百人罹难
6）时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来。
I’ll show you the picture the moment you come. (主将从现)
明天你来时，我会给你看那张照片的。
Once the rain stops, we will leave. 一旦雨停了，我们就离开。
注意：
Be seated if you will. 如果愿意就坐下。
（will表示“愿意”时可以用于if引导条件状语从句）
Ⅱ. 一般过去时 　　
1. 表示在过去具体时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常与具体时间连用：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, last night, just now等。
The flowers were so lovely that they were sold in no time.
这些花那么美，没用多长时间就卖掉了。
2. 表示过去经常性、习惯性或反复发生的动作。可与often等连用,或与used to, would连用。
When Mary was in England, she often went to the Museum.
玛丽在英国时，经常去这家博物馆。
3. 过去某时先后完成的一系列动作，都用一般过去时。
I crowded onto the bus, elbowed my way to the back, found a seat and sat down.
我挤进公交车，推搡着到了车尾部，找到个座位就坐下了。
时态小结1----一般体（2）
Ⅲ. 一般将来时
常见形式：
1）will/ shall do 2）is/ am/ are going to do 3) is/ am/ are to do 4) 现在进行时
5）is/ am/ are about to do
1. will/ shall
1) 将来要发生的动作或事件及根据自然规律必然要发生的状况。
They will discuss the plan tomorrow.
I will/ shall be seventeen next year.
2) 事先未思考或计划过的意图；
I’ll answer the door.
3）说话人主观愿望、推测或按常理认为会发生。
I hope it will be warm tomorrow.
Nobody will do such a job.
2. is/ am/ are going to
1）说话人已经决定的计划或安排要做的事。
The play is going to be produced next month.
2）说话人根据现在的现象或征兆“预测”马上要发生。
Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 看那些乌云，要下暴雨了。
3. is/ am/ are to do
表示计划中的约定或按职责、义务和要求必须做的事或即将发生的事。有“强制”的感觉。
The work is to be finished by the end of the week. 这项工作下周末务必完成。
Tell her she is not to be back late. 告诉她不能回来晚了。
?注意：be to do 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，而be going to do 则表示主观的打算或计划。
4. is/ am/ are about to do
指马上或眼下就要发生，一般不与具体时间连用。
The train is about to start. 火车就要开了。
5. 现在进行时
指马上要发生的或安排好要做的事情，常用于此结构的动词有：go, come, leave, arrive, start, begin, run, stay, return, play, do , take, work 等少部分词。
We’re staying in Shanghai the whole next week. 下一周我们都会在上海。
Ⅳ. 过去将来时　
表示从过去某一时间开始将要发生的动作或存在的状态。其形式是would/ should do及其他几种形式中的be动词用was/were。
The students said they would go to visit the Great Wall the next day.
I was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出去电话铃响了。
注意：was/ were to have done表示未曾实现的计划。
We were to have told you, but you were not in. 我们本想告诉你的，但是你不在家。

时态小结2----进行体
1. 一个长动作作为背景，被一个短动作打断，长动作往往用进行体，短动作用一般体。
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我弟弟骑自行车时从车子掉了下来，伤了自己。
2. 进行体表示动作的未完性、暂时性。
He hasn’t moved into the new house, because the rooms are being painted.
他还没有搬进新房子，因为房间在粉刷。
3. 表示现在或当时发展中的或正在进行的情况。
I first met Lily 3 years ago. She was working at a restaurant.
我三年前遇到了莉莉，当时她在一家饭店工作。
4. 表示计划、安排要做的工作。（见“一般将来时”5）
5. 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always, continually, constantly, frequently, often, forever等连用。
You are constantly finding fault with me. 你怎么总找我毛病呀！
He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到别人。
6. 现在进行时立足于现在，过去进行时表示过去某时或某阶段的正在发生的情况，而将来进行时表示将来某时要发生的动作和状态。
They were digging a railway tunnel last week. 他们上周正在挖掘铁路隧道。
I’ll be meeting him sometime in the future. 将来某个时候我会遇见他的。
【复习动词时态—完成体】
时态小结3----完成体
Ⅰ. 现在完成时
1. 特殊标志性时间状语：
in the past/ last three years 在过去三年里 lately/ recently 最近
so far/ up till now 到目前为止
注意：for常用完成时连用，但是也可以与一般过去时连用。如：
I played basketball very well for four years in college. (没有延续到现在)
大学四年，我打篮球很好。

Mr. Smith has taught English for nearly thirty years. (表示某动作延续至说话时止)
史密斯先生教英语近30年了。
Don’t get off the train until it has stopped. (表将来，强调已经完成)
火车停稳了再下车。
对比：I won’t go to play until I finish/ have finished my homework.
我做完作业才能出去玩。（完成时强调“完成”）
This is the best beer that I have drunk. 这是我喝过的最好的啤酒。
小结：
1）现在完成时表示过去开始的动作一直持续到现在（也许还会持续下去）。
2）现在完成时还可表示过去的动作对现在的影响，或强调过去的经历。
2. 重点句型：在下列三种情况的that从句中用完成时
1. This/ That/ It is the first /second/ .../ last time that…
This is the first time that I have heard him say “thank you”.
这是我第一次听到他说“谢谢”。
2. This/That/ It is the only … that…
This is the only party that I have ever really enjoyed in my life.
这是我这辈子唯一一次我感到高兴的聚会。
3. This/ That/ It is the 最高级形容词… that…
It is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read.
这本书是我读过的最有意思的。
Ⅱ. 过去完成时
特别注意:
只有确定了要填的词表示的动作是“过去的过去”或在一个过去动作之前，才能用过去完成时。否则要谨慎使用此时态。
1. 标志性时间状语：by the end (of last year), by the time, before。
By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
到去年年末为止，我们已经生产了20,000辆汽车。
The train (had) left before we reached the station. (had可省)
我们到达车站前，火车已经开走了。
By 1914 Einstein had gained world fame. 1914年前，爱因斯坦就已经世界闻名了。
She didn’t go to bed until she had finished the homework.
她完成了作业才上床睡觉。
注意：before和after因为有明确的“前、后”之意，有时也可以用一般过去时表示过去的过去。
2. 用于hope, intend, mean, think, expect 等词，表示未完成的愿望。可以译成“原希望/打算/原以为...”。
I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so.
我原来希望送他张圣诞卡，但是忘了。
We had thought to return early, but they wouldn’t let us go.
我们本想早点回来，但是他们不让我们走。
3. 用于hardly/scarcely… when, no sooner… than的句型，意思为“一/刚.....就......”。
Hardly had I arrived at the train station when the train left.
我刚到车站，火车就离开了。
（前面从句用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时）
练一练
1. Shelly____ California for Texas and____ there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.
A. left; worked B. has left; had worked C. left; has worked D. has left; worked
解析：left是过去的短暂动作，用一般过去时；而从后句可知，“在那里工作”到现在一直没有变，因为有“ever since（从此以后）”，用现在完成时。所以选C。
2. ---Did he decide to take part in the competition?
---Yes, of course. He_____ to.
A. has been encouraging B. had been encouraged
C. has been encouraged D. was to be encouraged
解析：encourage与He是被动关系，排除A；由Did可知是过去的事，而且先“受鼓励”，后“决定”，是过去的过去，用过去完成时。选B。■
时态小结4----时态的交叉
时态是由“时----时间”与“态---状态（体）”组合而成，交叉得到不同的时态，如“现在完成进行时”就是“现在完成(have been)+进行(be doing)”组合来的(去掉重复的be)，形式就是have been doing。所以，我们学完了基本的时态，其他时态就可以推知了。再如“将来完成时”在时间上是“将来”，在状态上是“完成体”，将来完成时就是will/would have done（will指从现在算起，would指从过去算起）。使用英语时一定要根据具体情况选择合适的时态。
练一练：
By the end of this year, I ____ enough money for a holiday.
A. will save B. will be saving C. will have saved D. have saved
解析：选C。the end of this year是表示将来的时间状语,by表示“在......之前，到......为止”，所以主句表示在这个将来时间前要完成的动作,故应用will have saved。
做题技巧
时态是高考考查最多的语法项目之一，考查点多在于根据语境，选择正确的时态填空，所以做题的关键在于在正确理解各种时态的特征的基础下，吃透语境，摸准句子的真实意义，选出正确答案。
确定时态的要点：
1. 以说话时的时间点为参照点
1）发生在此前的动作或存在的状态,就用过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来 时,过去完成时等)；
2）发生在此时，就用现在时(一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时等)；
3）发生在之后的,就用将来时(一般将来时,将来进行时，将来完成时等)。
2. 注意句中其他动词的时态，以及修饰动词的状语信息，如果过去完成时应有过去某一时间作为基点。
3. 注意用虚拟语气的句子的时态，除虚拟语气的形式外，有时也考查根据虚拟语气来判断表示事实的句子的时态。
练一练：
1. In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours.
A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing
解析：选D。从all they can可知，说话时间就是此时，排除A，C；从over the past five hours可知从过去开始一直到现在，强调过程很长，所以选D。
2. ----Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong?
----Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.
A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take
解析：选B。I’m waiting...是说话时，而take a test是在此之前做过的事，用一般过去时。
3. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _____ some European business partners.
A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met
解析：选D。说话时是现在，但是从to have arrived...可知“他回来”是过去的事，而“回来”之前所做的动作“见面”是过去的过去，应该用过去完成时。
4. I would have come earlier, but I ________ that you were waiting for me.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. would have known D. haven’t known
解析：选A。前面的分句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，后面的分句说明过去的事实，所以用一般过去时。
对比：
非谓语(doing/to do)的时态要以谓语动词的时间为参照点：
发生在其前就用having done/ to have done；
发生在其后或同时就用doing/ to do/ to be doing。
练一练：
_______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. Suffered
解析：选A。由already提示，分词动作发生在谓语之前，故须用分词的完成式。
巩固练习
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. They won’t buy new clothes because they ________ (save) money to buy a new house.
2. ----Where is your new home now?
----In the new developed zone. But I ______ (live) downtown for five years.
3. —I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
—Oh, not at all. I ______ (be) here only a few minutes.
4. When Jack arrived he learned Mary _________ (be) away for almost an hour.
5. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _______ (result) in the contrary to our intention.
6. The sun was setting when my car ______ (break) down near a remote village.
7. —Is everyone here?
— Not yet. Look, there ______ (come) the rest of our guests!
8. For thousands of years, the festival _______ (mark) by eating zongzi and racing dragon boats in honor of Qu Yuan.
9. When they came into the yard, the couple discovered that their new car _______ ( steal).
10. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _______ (rain) all day.
Ⅱ. 翻译句子。
1. —爱丽丝，你昨天怎么没来呀？—我打算来的，但是我有个意外的客人。
_______________________________________________________________________
2. 她总是抱怨她的工作。
_______________________________________________________________________
3. 这是我第一次游览鸟巢 (the Bird’s Nest)。
_______________________________________________________________________
4. 我前几天遇到了约翰。我们几年没有见面了。
_______________________________________________________________________
5. 我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。
_______________________________________________________________________ 　　
6. 他们原打算（mean）在机场给我送行，但是到晚了。
_______________________________________________________________________
7. 由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解。
_______________________________________________________________________
8. 被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
_______________________________________________________________________
9. 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
_______________________________________________________________________
10. 我们刚一到车站，火车就开了。
_______________________________________________________________________
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he ____on it for more than an hour.
A. has been working 　B. will have worked C. will have been working 　 D. had worked
2. I have to see the doctor because I _______ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing　　　 B. had coughed 　　　C. coughed　　　 D. cough
3. John and I _______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _______ each other a couple of times before that.
A. had been; have seen 　 B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen　　　　D. have been; had seen
4. They ____ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ______ it as no good results have come out so far.
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
5. By the time he realizes the mistake he_______，it will be too late for him to do anything about it.
A．has made B．made C．makes D．will make
6. We _______ the problem for quite some time, but we _______ any conclusion.
A. have been discussing, haven’t reached
B. have discussed, haven’t been reaching
C. discussed, haven’t reached
D. had discussed, haven’t reached
7. The construction of the two new railway lines _______by now.
A. has been completed 　　　B. have been completed
C. has completed　　　　　　D. have completed
8. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ______so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change
9. I ______ letters this morning and ________ for four hours so far.
A. have been writing, have written　　　B. have written, have written
C. was writing, wrote 　　　　　　　 D. will write, wrote
10. The wind______ , but it was still rather cold.
A. no longer blew B. would no longer blow
C. was no longer blowing D. had no longer blown
11. —Isn’t it hard to drive downtown to work?
　 — Yes, that’s why I ______ to work by subway.
A. have gone 　　B. have been going C. was going 　　　D. will have gone
12. No one in the department but Tom and I _______ that the director is going to resign.
A. knows B. know C. have known D. was to know
13. Edward, you play so well. But I _______ you played the piano.
A. didn’t know B. hadn’t known C. don’t know D. haven’t known
14. My parents _____ in Hong Kong. They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.
A. live B. lived C. were living D. will live
15. The two friends ________ on the Internet for three hours, and they will go on till the next morning.
A. had been chatting　　　 B. had chatted C. were chatting　　 D. have been chatting
16. Daniel’s family _______ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.
A. are enjoying B. are to enjoy C. will enjoy D. will be enjoying
17. —Why does the Lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water _________.
A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted
18. By the time Pierce comes back from the meeting, we _______ here for three hours.
A. will be waiting B. is waiting C. will wait D. will have waited
19. I intend to buy that kind of clothes because I ________ that they ________ well.
A. have told; wash B. have been told; wash
C. was told; washed D. have been told; are washed
20. Tom looked at Jenny, tears _______his eyes, and shouted out the words _______in his heart for years .
A. filling；having been hidden B. filled；hidden
C. filling；hidden D. filled；hiding
答案与解析：
Ⅰ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. are saving 2. lived 3. have been 4. had been 5. results
6. broke 7. come 8. has been marked 9. had been stolen 10. rained
疑难解析：
2. 这个人已经在新家居住了，所以他住在downtown是过去的事情,for five years不一定总是完成时标志，要看语境。这句话只是说在那里住了五年。如果现在还住在那里，则用现在完成时。
5. “急于求成, 往往会事与愿违”是客观真理, 应当用一般现在时; 动名词作主语, 谓语用第三人称单数形式, 故填results。
6. was/were doing ...when ...did ...是一个固定句型, when后面的句子的谓语通常用一般过去时, 表示“正在做某事, 就在这个时候发生了另一事”。
7. 以here和there开头引出的倒装句通常只用于一般时态, 又因主语the rest of our guests为复数, 故填come。
10. 第一句是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气：如果天气好一点儿，我们原本可以野餐。第二句说明过去的事实：下了一整天雨。用一般过去时。
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. —Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? —I was going to, but I had an unexpected visitor.
2. She is always complaining about her job.
3. It is the first time I have visited the Bird’s Nest.
4. I met John the other day. We hadn’t seen each other for ages.
5. I remember sending/ having sent him an e-mail last week.
6. They had meant to see me off at the airport, but they got/ arrived there late.
7. Having lived/ Since she has lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well.
8. The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.　
9. He lay on the grass, staring (=and stared) at the sky for a long time.
10. We had no sooner/ No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.
疑难解析：
8. which has been destroyed不能用having been destroyed替换，因为动词-ing形式的完成式不能作定语，一般只用作状语。
Ⅲ. 单项选择。
1. A。for more than an hour是时间状语，多与完成时连用，而主句是一般将来时，所以从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。所以排除B，C和D。
2. A。用现在完成进行时表示过去开始，一直到现在，而且强调已经持续很久。
3. D。for eight years暗示第一空表示“到目前为止约翰和我已是朋友八年了”，所以用现在完成时; before that暗示第二空表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。
4. A。从“before I joined”可知第一空的动作是过去的过去一直做某事，要用过去完成进行
　　 时或过去完成时；而第二空用现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行。
5. A。句意：在他意识到他所犯的错误的时候，再采取任何措施已经为时已晚。显然，在他 意识到犯错误的时候，他已经犯下错误，因此应用现在完成时。by the time引导时间状语从句，用现在时代替将来时。
6. A。“discuss”这一动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，用现在完成进行时；第二空强调现在的结果，应用现在完成时。
7. A。由于“by now”，动作“complete”用现在完成时强调现在的结果；“两座新铁路桥的建造”与“完成”有被动关系，所以用A。
8. A。题干中主句为Selecting a mobile phone... is no easy task，谓语动词表示了一种“含此刻在内的广泛意义上的现在时间”，使用的是一般现在时态（...is no easy task）；后面的状语从句（because...）中则说明原因为“技术更新变化迅速”，应采用现在进行时。
9. A。第一空强调“一直”在做某事的过程，用现在完成进行时；第二空从“so far”可知，强调现在的结果，用现在完成时。
10. C。“风不再吹了，但天气还是很冷”，强调当时动作blow表示的暂时的状态，所以过去进行时。
11. B。因为开车进城很难，所以上班一直都乘地铁。表示过去开始一直到现在，而且强调过程，用现在完成进行时。
12. A。句子的主语是no one，谓语动词应当用单数，排除B、C；从is going to可知说话时是“现在”，表示现在“知道”的状态，用一般现在时。
13. A。由句意可知是以前不知道，现在听了他演奏后才知道，所以“不知道”是一般过去时。
14. A。注意“have never lived anywhere else”，出生后从来没有在别的地方住过，可知现在还住在香港，所以用一般现在时，说明现在的事实。
15. D。从下文will go可知说话的时间是“现在”，两个朋友在网上聊了三个小时了，表明从三小时前到现在一直在做着某事，应是现在完成进行时，所以选D。
16. D。从next week可知应用将来时，又因this time，要表示将来某点时间正发生的事，用将来进行时。
17. D。large quantities of修饰主语时，谓语动词应该用复数；根据前句可知所填动词表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响，时态用现在完成时，动词与主语是动宾关系，故应用被动语态。
18. D。by the time表示“到......时候为止”，主句通常用完成时，根据句意和comes back可知，此句中是将来的时间，所以用将来完成时。
19. B。既然是“我打算去买那种衣服”，就表明“有人已经告诉了我那种衣服好洗”，所以第一空用现在完成时表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。第二空填 wash，是动词的主动形式表被动含义，表示主语的状态或性质，不表动作。
20. C。句意：汤姆看着詹妮，眼含着泪，喊出了藏在心里多年的话。“眼含着泪”表示“看着”动作发生时的伴随状语，而不是与“looked、shouted”并列的动作（无连词），另外表示“泪水充满眼睛”，fill与tears是主动关系，填filling；第二空hide与其修饰词words是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，不能用having been hidden，因为动词-ing形式完成时及完成时的被动态不能用作定语。所以选C。