北师大版高中英语模块3 Unit 9 Wheels 语言点（二）

Unit 9 Wheels语言点（二）
目标认知
重点词汇
amount，compare，relate，admit，occupy，regular，risk，somehow，suit，damage，mass
重点短语
get stuck in(＝be stuck in)，on average，base...on...
重点句型
形容词(短语)作状语
While句型
强调句型
知识讲解
重点词汇
amount
【原句回放】Amount of TV advertising...(P42)电视广告的总量……
【点拨】amount n. 数量；vi. 合计，等同，接近
Their travelling expenses amount to seven hundred dollars．
他们的旅费共达700美元。
Borrowing money and not returning it amounts to stealing．
不还等于偷窃。
常用结构
amount to doing sth．接近于做某事，等于做某事
amount to总计……，等于……
in amount总计
易混辨析
number与amount
number指“数”，与可数名词连用。
amount指“量”，与不可数名词连用。
compare
【原句回放】But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car．(P42)但是比起汽车的实际代价，恼怒和紧张还是微不足道的。
【点拨】compare vt. & vi. 比较
Try on both of these coats and compare them．
试穿一下这两件外套，比较一下它们。
Nothing can compare with wool for warmth．
就保暖而言，没有什么能和羊毛相比。
归纳拓展
comparison n．比较，对照
comparable adj. 类似的，可比较的
comparative adj．比较的，相对的
常用结构
compare...with...把……和……作比较
compare...to...把……比作……
compared to／with...和……比起来，和……相比
beyond／without compare无与伦比，举世无双
relate
【原句回放】Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution．(P42)有些类型的癌症和交通污染有关系。
【点拨】relate vt. & vi. 把……联系起来，使有关联，讲述
I can’t really see how the two things relate each other．
我看不出这两件事彼此有什么联系。
Philip began to relate the horrors of his childhood．
菲利普开始讲述他儿时的恐怖事情。
归纳拓展
relation n. 联系，亲戚
relations n. 关系
relative adj. 相比较而言的，比较的
related adj. 相关的，有联系的，属同一种类的
常用结构
relate...to...把……与……联系起来
relate sth. (to sb.)(向某人)讲述／叙述某事
relate to sb.／sth. 与某人／某事有关
bear／have relation to与……有关
in relation to和……相比，关于……
relations between…and………和……之间的关系
易混辨析
be relative to与be related to
be relative to指“与……有关的，与……相对的”。
be related to指“与……有关系”。
admit
【原句回放】I admit：I’m addicted to my car．(P43)我承认，我沉溺于汽车难以自拔。
【点拨】admit vt. & vi.
①许可，接受
Each ticket admits two people to the party．
每张票可供两个人人场参加聚会。
The school admits 60 new boys and girls every year．
这所学校每年招收60名男女新生。
②可容纳
The theatre admits only 260 people．这家剧院只能容纳260人。
③表示“承认”时，要注意以下用法：
a．一般为及物动词，可直接跟宾语；表示“向某人承认”时，接介词to。
He admitted to the teacher that he was wrong．他向老师承认他错了。
b．后接动词作宾语时，用动名词形式而不用不定式形式。
I admit(to)having broken the window．我承认打破了窗户。
c．后可接带不定式的复合宾语，其中的不定式通常是to be，且仅用于被动语态。
The task must be admitted to be difficult．
必须承认这项任务是艰巨的。
④表示“允许进入，使能进入”时，注意以下用法：
a．通常只用作及物动词。
There are no windows to admit air．没有窗户可使空气流入。
b．引申义表示“允许进入某一组织、团体”等。
How many students have been admitted to the school this year?
今年这所学校招了多少学生?
⑤admit of容许，有……的可能，有……的余地(此时句子的主语通常是物而不是人)。
The matter admits of no delay．这件事刻不容缓。
occupy
【原句回放】On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirty-three cars．(P43)平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占用33辆小汽车。
【点拨】occupy vt.
①使用(房屋、建筑)，居住
They occupy the house next door．他们住在隔壁。
The family have occupied the farm for many years．
这一家在农场已居住多年。
②占据，充满(时间、空间、某人的头脑等)
The speech occupied three hours．这次发言共占去3个小时。
A bed occupies a corner of the room．一张床占去了房间的一角。
Her time is fully occupied with her three children．
她的时间全部用在她的3个孩子身上了。
归纳拓展
occupant n．居住者，占用者，使用者
occupation n. 居住，占据；工作，职业；业余活动，消遣
occupational adj. 职业的，由职业造成的
occupier n．占有者，占用者，居住人
常用结构
be occupied in doing sth.／with sth．忙于(做)某事
regular
【原句回放】And regular exercise cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%！ (P43)而且定期运动可以降低50％得心脏病的几率!
【点拨】regular adj. 有规律的，规则的，定期的，固定的
常用结构
regular customers常客
regular programs固定节目
易混辨析
usual，common，ordinary与regular
①usual指“通常的、习惯的”，使用范围较广，强调所修饰事物的常见，指任何经常发生的事情，如自然发生的事情、根据社会或个人习惯所做的事情等。
②common指“普通的、常见的、共同的、公有的”。
③ordinary指“普通的、平凡的”，强调普通、寻常以及缺乏优越的性质。
④regular指“通常的、有规律的”，强调遵循事物既定的或自然的规律。
Is it usual for him to be so late?
他是经常来得这么晚吗?
How will these changes affect the common man?
这些变化将会怎样影响普通人呢?
I’ve got an ordinary car，nothing special．
我有一辆普通的汽车，毫无特别之处。
There is a regular bus service to the airport．
有班车定时发往机场。

risk
【原句回放】And regular exercise cuts the risk of heart disease by 50%！ (P43)而且定期运动可以降低50％得心脏病的几率!
【点拨】risk n. 危险，风险；vt. 冒……的危险，使面临危险
常用结构
at the risk of冒……的危险
run the risk of冒……的危险
at one’s own risk自己担风险
risk doing sth．冒险做某事
risk it冒风险试试
The disease is spreading, and all young children are at the risk of being infected．
这种疾病正在蔓延，所有儿童都有被感染上的危险。
I don’t want to run the risk of meeting George，so I’ll stay here．
我不想冒险碰上乔治，所以我要待在这儿。
归纳拓展
risky adj. 危险的，冒险的
riskily adv. 危险地，冒险地

somehow
【原句回放】Take action somehow!(P43)用某种方式采取行动!
【点拨】somehow adv．以某种方式，不知怎么地
We must stop him from seeing her somehow．
我们得想个办法阻止他再跟她来往。
Somehow, I don’t feel I can trust him．
不知什么缘故，我觉得我不能信任他。
归纳拓展
anyhow(＝anyway)adv．无论如何，不管怎样，不论用何种方式
Anyhow，you should fulfill the task on time．
无论如何你得按时完成此项任务。
suit
【原句回放】Do whichever of these things that suit you．(P43)做上述任何一件适合你的事情。
在本句中，whichever引导宾语从句，that引导定语从句修饰things。
【点拨】suit vt. 适合
Do you think this style suits me?你觉得这种款式适合我吗?
A good teacher should suit his lessons to the age of his pupils．
一位优秀的老师应使他的课适合学生的年龄。
易混辨析
suit，fit与match
①suit侧重合乎某人的条件、需要、品味。
No dish suits all tastes．众口难调。
②fit侧重尺寸大小合适，因而引申为“吻合，适应”。
Every shoe fits not every foot．无万全之策。
③match侧重指两物在颜色、品质等方面相配，和谐一致。
The carpet should match the curtain．地毯应该与窗帘相配。

damage
【原句回放】...the old buildings in the town are getting dirty and damaged．(P44)……城里的古建筑正在变脏和受损。
【点拨】damage n. [u]损失，破坏；[C](p1．)损失赔偿金；识损害，毁坏
常用结构
do／cause damage to对……造成破坏
易混辨析
damage，destroy与ruin
①damage指价值、用途降低或外表损坏等，侧重指可以修复的破坏，而不是全部被破坏。
The heavy rain damaged many houses．大雨毁坏了许多房屋。
②destroy指彻底毁坏，以致不能或很难修复。
That town was destroyed in a big fire．
那个城镇在一场大火中被毁掉了。
③bruin指以自然力或人为力量破坏，使无法恢复原状。
Much of the coastline has been ruined bv tourism．
旅游业使这条海岸线大部分遭到破坏。

mass
【原句回放】Ford found a way to mass-produce the motor car cheaply，making it possible for many more people to own one．(P46)福特找到了一种廉价地批量生产汽车的方法，从而使更多人拥有汽车成为可能。
【点拨】mass
①n. 团，块，堆，大量，许多，一群，一堆
The ship cut its way slowly through masses of ice．
船破开冰块缓缓地前进。
There are masses of people here．这儿有许多人。
There was a mass of children in the yard．院子里有很多孩子。
②(mass的复数形式)群众
The masses are the true makers of history．群众是历史真正的缔造者。
③adj. 大批的，数量多的
mass communication大众传媒mass meeting群众大会
mass medium大众传播工具 mass production成批制造，批量生产
归纳拓展
massive adj. 巨大的，结实的，非常严重的
温馨提示
常用masses of表示“许多(人或物)”，后面既可跟可数名词，又可以跟不可数名词。
重点短语
get stuck in(＝be stuck in)
【原句回放】How often do we get stuck in traffic jams?(P42)我们多久遇到一次塞车?
【点拨】get stuck in(＝be stuck in)被……困住
They got stuck in a crashing plane．他们被困在坠落的飞机中。
The wheels were stuck in the mud．轮子陷到泥里了。
归纳拓展
stick by忠于
stick out伸出，突出
stick to坚持(真理)
stick together团结在一起
on average
【原句回放】On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirty-three cars．(P43)平均而言。大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占用33辆小汽车。
【点拨】on average平均
We fail one student per year on average．
我们平均每年有一个学生不及格。
归纳拓展
①average n．平均，平均数，一般水平
The average of 4，5 and 9 is 6.4，5，9三个数的平均数是6。
These marks are well above／below average．
这些分数远在一般水平以上／以下。
②average adj. 平均的，普通的，平常的
The average temperature in Oxford last month was 18℃．
牛津上个月的平均气温是18℃。
Rainfall is about average for the time of year．
对一年中的这个时候来说，降雨量还算平常。
base...on...
【原句回放】Some of the car companies，like Cadillac，based their designs on airplanes．(P46)有些汽车公司，如卡迪拉克，是以飞机为蓝本来设计他们的汽车的。
【点拨】base...on...把……建立在……的基础上
The book is based on a true story．这本书以一个真实的故事为原型。
You should base your opinion on the facts．
你应当把你的观点建立在事实的基础上。
I base my hopes on the good news we had yesterday．
我把希望寄托在我们昨天得到的好消息上。
温馨提示
建立在事实基础上的观点
(×)an opinion basing on the facts
(√)an 0pinion based on the facts
重点句型
形容词(短语)作状语
【原句回放】How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out，fired and angry?(P42)我们多久一次极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒地到达办公室或学校?
【点拨】stressed out，tired and angry为形容词短语，在句中作状语。
归纳拓展
形容词(短语)作状语在句中的作用
(1)表示原因
Afraid of being caught，the thief hid himself in the corner．
由于害怕被抓住，这个小偷藏在角落里。
(2)表示时间
Ripe，these apples are very sweet．熟了时，这些苹果是很甜的。
(3)表示结果
The rabbit turned over，dead．这只兔子翻了个身，死了。
(4)表示动作发生的情况或方式
Helpless，we watched half a year’s food destroyed before us．
我们毫无办法，眼睁睁地看着半年的粮食在我们面前给毁掉了。
While句型
【原句回放】On average，about forty people travel in one bus，while the same number occupy thirty-three cars．(P43)平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占用33辆小汽车。
【点拨】连词while在句中表示对比或相反的情况
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream．
我喝不加奶的咖啡，而他喜欢加奶油的。
English is understood all over the world while Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself．
英语在世界上通用，但土耳其语离开本国就很少有人说了。
易混辨析
while，however，but，though，yet与at the same time
①while可用来表时间，意为“在……期间，当……时候，与此同时”；还可表让步关系，意为“虽然，尽管”，且多放于句首。
He likes pop music while he is running．
他在跑步时喜欢听流行音乐。
②however表转折，可位于句首、句末和句中，常用分号与前面的句子隔开，用逗号与后面的句子隔开。
I’d like to go with you；however，my hands are full．
我很想和你一起去，然而我忙不过来。
③but为并列连词，表转折，意为“但是”。
He’s an intelligent but not very hard-working boy．
他是一个十分聪明但是不怎么刻苦的男孩。
④though为从属连词或副词。though作副词时，意为“可是，不过，然而”，常用于句末；作从属连词时常置于主句后(＝and yet)。
I’ve a bit of cold．It’s nothing much serious though．
我有点感冒，不过并不严重。
⑤yet为并列连词，意为“但是”，有时连接两个形容词，可译为“却”，用于and／but yet。
It’s strange，and yet(it is)true．这事虽然奇怪，但它是真的。
⑥at the same time为介词短语，意为“与此同时，尽管如此”，常与but连用或单独使用。
This book is very interesting；at the same time it’s very expensive．
这本书很有趣，然而很贵。

强调句型
【原句回放】Although the motor car was invented in 1889 by a German man called Gottlieb Daimler，it was an American man called Henry Ford who created the motor car as we know it today．(P46)尽管汽车是1889年被一位叫戈特利布·戴姆勒的德国人发明的，但是我们今天所知道的汽车却是由一位名叫亨利·福特的美国人发明的。
【点拨】 句中的called Gottlieb Daimler为过去分词短语作后置定语。although引导让步状语从句，主句为强调句型。
强调句型的构成：
It is／was+被强调部分+that／who…
It was I who／that met an old friend of my father’s in the street yesterday．
是我昨天在街上碰到了我父亲的一位老朋友。
It was yesterday that I met an old friend of my father’s in the street．
我是昨天在街上遇到了我父亲的一位老朋友。
归纳拓展
(1)强调人时可用who／that作连词，强调物时可以用that，所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的部分可以作主语、宾语或状语，但不能作定语或谓语。
It is American movies that he likes to watch．他喜欢看的是美国电影。
(2)强调句型的一般疑问句只需把is／was提前，而特殊疑问句只有疑问词可以被强调，结构为：疑问词+is／was + it + that从句。
Was it in 1933 that the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1933年爆发的吗?
Why is it that smoking is not allowed here?
为什么不允许在这儿抽烟?
(3)肯定句中，在强调时间、地点、原因、方式等状语时，要用that而不用when，where，why，how。原因状语从句中只有because引导的状语从句可被强调。
It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t come to school yesterday．
昨天是因为她妈妈病了，她才没来上学。
(4)在not...until...结构中对until引导的短语或从句进行强调时，需用It is／was not until...that...这一固定句型。that从句中谓语动词用肯定形式。
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I recognised she was a famous film star．
直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位著名的影星。
(5)It is／was...that...结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语，可用助动词do，did或does。只限于祈使句和肯定的陈述句。
Do be careful when crossing the street．过马路时一定要当心。
Mike does enjoy playing football．迈克确实喜欢踢足球。
温馨提示
(1)强调结构中，原句中谓语动词是过去时，强调结构中的be动词用was；原句谓语动词是现在时或将来时，强调结构中的be动词用is；be动词有时也可与表示推测的情态动词连用。
It must be John that／who cleaned the room．一定是约翰打扫的房间。
(2)被强调的是原句的主语时，要注意that／who后的谓语动词与原句主语一致。
It is I that／who am in trouble．是我陷入了困境。
(3)强调结构作宾语时的语序要与陈述句语序相同。
I don’t know where it is that he has gone．我不知道他去了哪里。
(4)要注意强调结构的省略。
一Who is making so much noise in the garden?
—谁在花园里吵闹?
—It is the children.(＝It is the children that are making SO much noise in the garden．)
—就是那些孩子们。
巩固练习
单词拼写（根据汉语意思或首字母共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1. A ________（高速公路）is a main road，usually connecting large towns.
2. We went straight on till we reached the ________ （十字路口）.
3. When ice forms on the bridge, ________（建筑） work will have to be stopped.
4. This sofa ________（占有）much room in the sitting room.
5. This arrangement ________（适合）you both very much.
6. He a________ having read the letter and had known its contents ahead.
7. People should walk on the p________, not in the road.
8.Many of the books in their library were d________ by the big fire a few days ago.
9.The railway passes through a big t________.
10.What are the f________ in all for two of us from Guangzhou to Beijing by train?
翻译短语（共12小题；每小题1分，满分12分）
1.将……用为……___ ____ 2.意味着___ ____
3.对……感兴趣___ ____ 4.为……担忧___ ____
5.由……引起___ ____ 6.参加___ ____
7.发生，举行___ ____ 8.说服某人相信某事___ ____
9.总是 ___ ____ 10.达到……的速度___ ____
11.意识到___ ____ 12.在比赛中___ ____
单项填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
1. ________ happened ________ he is unfit for the office.
A. This; that B. That; that C. It; that D. He; that
2. We took ________ for granted that they would accept our advice.
A. that B. this C. it D. them
3. ________ that the scientist will give us a talk next month?
A. Is true B. Is it true C. It’s true D. It’s truly
4. ________ doesn’t matter much ________ dress you are going to wear.
A. This; that B. That; who C. It; which D. It; who
5. ________ is going to America for further study.
A. He is said that B. People said that he C. It was said he D. It is said that he
6.—They are good friends.
—________is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A. This B. That C. There D. It
7. Is ________ possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship?
A. this B. there C. that D. it
8. She liked ________ when he kissed her.
A. him B. that C. one D. it
9. ________ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. One
10. We think ________ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
11. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an import ant part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
12. ________Shanghai, I went to Beijing for holiday. Which is wrong?
A. Besides B.As well C. As well as D. In addition to
13. He sings as well as ________ the piano.
A. plays B. to play C. playing D. played
14. Peter________ is among the best students in our class.
A. and Mary as well as Tom B. Marry as well as Tom
C. as well as Mary and Tom D. and Mary besides Tom
15. Thomas Hardy is a novelist, and a poet________.
A. as well as B. as well C. but also D. also
答案与解析

单词拼写
1. highway 2. crossroad 3. Construction 4. occupies 5. suits
6. admitted 7. pavement 8. damaged 9. tunnel 10.fares
翻译短语
1. use...for... 2.mean doing 3.be interested in 4.be worried about
5. caused by 6.take part in 7.take place 8.persuade sb. of sth.
9．all the time 10.reach the speed of... 11.come to realize 12.in the race
单项填空
1. C it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句。
2. C it作形式宾语，代替后面的that从句。
3. B it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句。
4. C it作形式主语，代替后面的which从句。
5. D it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句。
6. D it作形式主语，代替后面的that从句。
7. D it作形式主语，代替后面的不定式。
8. D it作形式宾语，代替后面的when引导的宾语从句。
9. A it作形式主语，代替后面的不定式。
10. D it作形式宾语，代替后面的不定式。
11. A as well as 连接两个主语时，由前面的主语决定谓语的单复数形式。
12. B 句意为“除了上海我还去北京度假了”。
13. C as well as与动词连用时，通常要用动词的-ing形式。
14. C 根据谓语动词is可以看出应选C。
15. B 托马斯?哈代是小说家，也是个诗人。