北师大版高中英语模块4 Unit 10 Money 语言点（二）
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Unit 10 Money 语言点（二）
目标认知
重点词汇
amusement, appeal, approximately, contain, balance, remove, puzzled, effect, behave, advance, electric, practical
relaxing, signal, convenient, focus, weigh, replace, however, involve, keen, represent, within
重点短语
up to, move around, instead of
重点句型
省略句
which引导非限制性定语从句
It is/was...that/who...强调句型结构
while...
find复合结构
知识讲解
重点词汇
amusement
【原句回放】games in amusement parks(Reading，key words)
【点拨】amusement n. 趣味，乐趣；娱乐活动，消遣方式
Much to their amusement，I couldn’t get the door open．让他们觉得很好笑的是，我打不开门。
What do you do for amusement round here?你们在这儿有什么消遣?
【单词积累】
amuse v. 逗乐，逗笑；为(某人)提供消遣；娱乐
amusement n．娱乐，消遣；娱乐活动
amusing adj. 令人发笑的
amused adj. 感到好笑的
amusedly adv．开心地；好玩地
【拓展】
in amusement愉快地
to one’s amusement让人感到愉快(有趣)的是
do sth. for amusement为消遣而做某事
amuse sb.／oneself with sth.
=be amused with sth. 用某事／物娱乐某人(自己)
amuse sb．by／at(doing) sth. 通过(做)某事逗乐某人
be／feel amused at／by／with...被……逗乐
be amused to see／find／learn看到／发现／得知……觉得挺逗
appeal
【原句回放】Well，if buying a bag candies or cookies doesn’t appeal to you，how about buying a tree instead? 你如果对买一袋糖果或甜点不感兴趣，那（用这钱）买一棵树如何？
【点拨】appeal vi. & n.
(1)vi. 有吸引力，引起兴趣；哀求，求助；向……呼吁；上诉
The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups．设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
They are appealing for money to build a new hall．他们呼吁得到建筑新大厅的款项。
The Prime Minister appealed to young people to use their vote．首相呼吁年轻人行使他们的投票权。
He said they would appeal against the decision．他说他们将对该决议提出申诉。
(2)n. [C，U]恳求，呼吁；吸引力，兴趣；上诉
The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm．警察呼吁公众保持镇静。
The child’s mother made an emotional appeal on TV for his return．
孩子的母亲在电视上恳切地要求儿子回家。
They kept at me with their appeals to help them．他们一直要我帮助他们。
The music has not much appeal for me．这种音乐引不起我多大兴趣。
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students．
对多数学生来说，这些学科已经失去了吸引力。
The judge rejected the appeal made by the prisoner for a new trial．法官驳回了犯人提出重新审理的上诉。
【拓展】
appeal to向……呼吁(请求)；投合……的心意；引起……的兴趣；诉诸(武力)
appeal to sb. for...为……向某人呼吁(请求)
appeal for sth. 恳求某事，呼吁某事
make an appeal to sb. 向某人提出呼吁；引起某人的兴趣
appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
how about表示征求对方的意见，它的用法与what about相同，常用于句式“How／What about+名词／代词／动名词?”中。
By the way，I’ll be free this evening．How about going to see a film?
另外，我今天晚上有空，去看场电影怎么样？
How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop？去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡怎么样？
approximately
【原句回放】Every year，approximately 1.6 billion tons of soil flows into the Yellow River，China’s second longest river．每年，大约有16亿吨泥土流入黄河——中国第二长河。
【点拨】 approximately adv. 近似地，大约地
The plane will be landing in approximately 20 minutes．飞机大约将于20分钟以后着陆。
There were approximately fifty people there．那儿大约有50人。
学法点拨：approximately与about两个词都含有“大约”的意思，approximately原意为“最接近地”，因而指数量或质量上接近正确，误差极小，可以忽略；而about原意为“在……周围”，因而指大致接近，相差可多可少。
误区警示：approximate无比较等级，其反义词是exact“确切的”。
【助记】
(1)approach接近→approxim最接近→approximate adj. 近似的，大致的
(2)approxim(最接近)→ate + -ly→adv. 近似地，大约；最接近地
contain
【原句回放】The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area．这些泥土中含有保持该地区自然界平衡的物质。
【点拨】contain n. 包含，含有；控制，克制，抑制(感情)
This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol．这种饮料不含任何酒精。
She was unable to contain her excitement at that time．那时她无法抑制内心的激动。
【单词积累】
content n. 容量，内容 container n. 容器，集装箱
【拓展】
contain oneself 克制自我，控制自己
【辨析】contain与include
易混词
辨析
例句
contain
“包含”，其后的宾语指的是整体的全部或部分，侧重于内容
Our textbook contains twelve units．我们的教科书有12个单元。
include
“包括”，其后的宾语只是整体中的一部分，侧重于范围
Six people were killed，including a child. 6人死亡，包括一名儿童。
【助记】
balance
【原句回放】The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area．
这些泥土中含有保持该地区自然界平衡的物质。
【点拨】balance n. & vt.
(1)n. [U，sing.]平衡
John lost his balance and fell from the ladder．约翰失去了平衡，从梯子上掉了下来。
It is very important to keep the balance of ecology．保持生态平衡是很重要的。
(2)n. [C]天平；秤
In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store?
实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?
(3)vt. 考虑，权衡
We must balance the good and evil of things．我们必须权衡事物的好和坏两个方面。
【拓展】
keep／lose one’s balance保持／失去平衡 out of balance失去平衡
keep the balance of nature保持自然界平衡 a balanced diet均衡的饮食
hold the balance掌握决定权，举足轻重 off balance不平衡
remove
【原句回放】Over time，a lot of soil has been removed，which has caused serious erosion of the land along the River．长年累月，大量的泥土被冲走，导致黄河两岸严重的水土流失。
【点拨】remove v. 移开，去掉，从……机构开除；使消失
He removed the table to the corner of the room．他把那张桌子挪到了房间的角落里。
The news removed every doubt about the company’s future．
这则消息消除了一切有关该公司未来的疑虑。
Some of them are removed and some are put into museums．
它们中的有些被迁移了，有一些被放到了博物馆里。
【助记】
puzzled
【原句回放】Still puzzled how your 5 yuan can have so much effect?
还是不理解你的5元钱怎么会有如此大的作用吗？
【点拨】puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑的，无法理解的
I’m still slightly puzzled as to why she never calls us．
对于她为什么从不给我们打电话，我仍然感到有点迷惑。
【拓展】
puzzle v. & n.
(1)v. 迷惑；使困惑
搭配：puzzle over苦苦思索 puzzle out琢磨出……的答案
What puzzles me is how the thief got into the house without setting off the alarm．
这个盗贼如何进入房子而没有让警报器响起来，这使我大惑不解。
(2)n. 疑问，不解之谜
The deeper meaning of the poem remains a puzzle．这首诗的深层含义仍是个谜。
【单词积累】
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的；费解的 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
effect
【原句回放】Still puzzled how your 5 yuan can have so much effect?
还是不理解你的5元钱怎么会有如此大的作用吗？
【点拨】effect n. & vt.
(1)n. 影响，效果，作用
However，the medicine didn’t have any effect．然而，这药没有任何效果。
(2)vt．使发生；实现；引起
His opinion effected a change in the plan．他的意见使计划变更了。
【拓展】
in effect有效，生效；实际上 take effect生效
have an effect on...对……有影响 come into effect生效
to the effect that...大意是…… without effect无效地
【一言辨异】
They are determined to effect their plan though it has been much affected by the present conditions．
他们决心实施他们的计划，虽然目前的条件对此不利。
behave
【原句回放】At that time，women were expected to stay at home，take care of their husbands and children，and behave like ladies．那时，妇女被期望待在家里照顾丈夫和孩子而且行为举止要像个淑女。
【点拨】behave vi. 举止，表现；vt. 检点(自己的)行为
They behave very badly towards their guests．他们对客人们很不礼貌。
He behaves like a true gentleman．他的行为像个真正的绅士。
Well-behaved children should be praised．表现好的孩子们应该受到表扬。
Behave yourself，or you’ll not be allowed to attend the party．规矩点，否则不允许你参加晚会。
【拓展】
behave well／badly表现好／坏
behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌
well-behaved表现得好的 badly-behaved表现得差的
behaviour n．行为，举止，态度
advance
【原句回放】They were determined to take the opportunity to advance across the river．
他们决心抓住这次机会前进跨过河流。
【点拨】advance n. & v.
(1)n. 前进；发展，提高
Nothing could stop the advance of the soldiers．什么也无法阻挡战士们的前进步伐。
We live in all age of rapid technological advances．我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
(2)vi. 前进；进步
I signed to him to keep away，but he continued to advance．我示意他离开，但他还是继续往前走。
Our knowledge is advancing all the time．我们的知识在不断地进步。
(3)vt. 使提前发生；加速进程；促进，帮助发展；提出(理论、论点)
I advanced the schedule by several weeks．我把进度表提前了几周。
Too much protein in the diet may advance the ageing process．
饮食中摄入过量蛋白质可能会加速衰老。
When not producing art of his own，Oliver was busy advancing the work of others．
奥利弗在不搞自己的艺术创作时，就会忙着帮助别人完成作品。
Many theories have been advanced as to why some women suffer from depression．
就一些女性患抑郁症的原因。各种说法纷至沓来。
【单词积累】
advanced adj．先进的；高级的 advancement n. 晋升；提拔；前进
【搭配】
advance to使提升到；朝……前进
advance on／towards sb.／sth．前进；行进
the advance(s) in... 在……方面的进步，进展
in advance＝ahead of time预先，提前
make an advance(advances)＝make progress取得进步
electric
【原句回放】I think electric toothbrushes are not very practical．我认为电动牙刷不太实用。
【点拨】electric adj.
(1)电的；电动的；充电的；能发电的
Electric lights have replaced candles．电灯已经取代了蜡烛。
(2)(使)突然兴奋的；紧张激动的
The mood in the hall was electric．大厅里的气氛非常紧张。
【单词积累】
electricity n. 电，电力 electrical adj. 与电有关的(人或物品)
electrician n. 电工
【辨析】electric，electrical与electronic
易混词
辨析
一言辨异
electric
指可发电的，靠电力操作的或由电力产生的
The electrical engineer’s electric iron and electronic dictionary both broke down．电力工程师的电烙铁和电子词典都坏了。
electrical
指与电有关的人员或物品
electronic
“电子的”
practical
【原句回放】I think electric toothbrushes are not very practical．我认为电动牙刷不太实用。
【点拨】 practical adj.
(1)实践的；讲求实际的
As a teacher，he has a lot of practical experience．作为一名教师，他有着丰富的实践经验。
Have you got any practical experience of teaching? 你有任何实际教学经验吗?
(2)切合实际的；实用的
Your invention is very good，but not very practical．你的发明是很好，但不是很实用。
We must take practical measures to settle problems．我们必须采取切实可行的措施来解决问题。
【单词积累】
practically adv. 实际上，几乎，简直 practice n. & v. 实践，练习
practise v. 实践，练习
relaxing
【原句回放】You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! 你可以在洗澡时听轻松的音乐！
【点拨】relaxing adj. 有助于休息的；令人放松的；轻松的
I think fishing is more relaxing than playing golf．我认为钓鱼比打高尔夫球更使人放松、舒坦。
【辨析】relaxing与relaxed
易混词
辨析
一言辨异
relaxing
是现在分词形式的形容词，意思是“令／使人轻松的”，往往与事物有关，说明事物所具有的特征
The job Tom is doing now is relaxing．He is feeling much more relaxed．
汤姆现在从事一项很轻松的工作，他觉得轻松多了。
relaxed
是过去分词形式的形容词，意思是“感到轻松的；感到不紧张的”，往往与人有关，说明人所处的状态
signal
【原句回放】The signals go through glass，doors and walls．信号可穿透玻璃、门和墙壁。
【点拨】signal n. & v.(1)n．信号；标志；迹象；预示
A red light is often a danger signal．红灯常常是危险的信号。
We live too far from the city to get a strong television signal．
我们住的地方离城里太远，不能收到很强的电视信号。
Her speech yesterday is a signal that her view has changed．她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。
(2)v. 用信号传递信息(或指示)；发信号；预示；表明；显示
The police signaled the traffic to move forward slowly．警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。
She signaled massive changes in energy policy．她暗示能源政策会有重大变化。
【辨析】signal，symbol与sign
易混词
辨析
例句
signal
指为某一目的而有意发出的信号
I corrected my watch by the time signal．
我按报时信号校正我的表。
symbol
指象征或表达某种深意的特殊事物
The dove is the symbol of peace．
鸽子是和平的象征。
sign
普通用词，指人们辨认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆
Dark clouds are a sign of rain or snow．
乌云是雨或雪将至的预兆。
convenient
【原句回放】It is convenient and very reliable．它（这种照相机）既方便又可靠。
【点拨】convenient adj. 适合需要的；方便的；省心的；省事的；合适的
Living in the big city is convenient．住在大城市是方便的。
I’d like to see you whenever it’s convenient．在你方便的时候我想来看看你。
It is a more convenient way to pay for purchases．这是支付货款的一种比较方便的手段。
【链接】
at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候 make a convenience of sb．利用某人
to one’s convenience对某人方便／合适 for convenience为了方便，为了实用
focus
【原句回放】It has an automatic focus and flash，so you don’t have to worry about anything．
它有自动聚焦和闪光，困此你不必担心任何事。
【点拨】 focus n. & v.
(1)n. 兴趣(或活动)的焦点；重视；图像(成像)清晰度
In tonight’s programme our focus is on Germany．
在今天晚上的节目中我们重点介绍德国。
The new system is the focus of controversy．这个新体制是争议的焦点。
The focus on my camera isn’t working properly．
我的照相机的调焦装置有毛病。
(2)v. 注视；把注意力集中于，重视；调节(眼睛的)焦距
All eyes were focused on him．大家的目光都聚集在他身上。
Please focus your mind son the following problems．请集中注意力考虑以下问题。
You should focus your attention on your work．你应该把注意力放到工作上。
【搭配】
focus on／upon集中注意力于……
weigh
【原句回放】The dog walker weighs only ten kilos. 狗狗跑步机只有10千克重。
【点拨】weigh v. 有……重；重……；称某物的重量；认真考虑、权衡……
Our Christmas turkey weighed 16 pounds．我们的圣诞火鸡重16磅。
He weighed himself on the scale．他在磅秤上称体重。
He weighed the stone in his hand．他用手掂了掂这块石头的重量。
We have to weigh the costs of the new system against the benefits it will bring．
我们在衡量新系统带来的好处时，必须考虑到它的费用。
【链接】
weight n. [U，C]重量；分量
【一言辨异】
Why not weigh the baby to find out how much it weighs?
为何不称一下这个婴儿以弄清楚它多重呢?
【拓展】
weigh on/upon 成为(心里的)负担 by weight按重量
weigh out称出；量出 put on／gain weight体重增加；长胖
take off / lose weight减轻体重；减肥；变苗条
weigh one’s words／phrases斟酌词句；推敲
replace
【原句回放】Well，it’s a disk to replace our textbook．哦，这是代替我们课本的磁盘。
【点拨】replace vt.
(1)代替，取代
Who will replace the present leader? 谁将接替现任的领导呢?
Can anything replace a mother’s love? 有什么东西能代替母爱吗?
(2)更换，替换
Machines cannot replace people in this work．机器无法代替人做这项工作。
These losses are not easily replaced．这些损失不容易弥补。
(3)放回，把……放回原处
He picked them up and replaced them in the bag．他把它们捡了起来，放回包里。
I replaced the dish in the cabinet．我把盘子放回橱柜。
【拓展】
replace sb.／sth. with sb.／sth. 用……替代……
We replaced the old television set with a newer one．我们把旧电视换成了个较新的。
however
【原句回放】However，for the euro，twelve different countries were involved，and each country was as keen as the other to be represented．然而，对于欧元来说，它涉及12个不同国家，而且每个国家都和其他国家一样迫切希望出现在画面上。
【点拨】however adv．
(1)然而，可是，尽管如此
I feel a bit tired．However，I can hold on．我有点累了，但我能坚持下去。
(2)不管多么
However hard it rained, they went on hiking．不管雨下得多大，他们仍继续徒步旅行。
(3)不管怎样
However I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution．这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。
involve
【原句回放】However，for the euro，twelve different countries were involved，and each country was as keen as the other to be represented．然而，对于欧元来说，它涉及12个不同国家，而且每个国家都和其他国家一样迫切希望出现在画面上。
【点拨】involve vt.
(1)包括，包含，牵涉，牵连(某人／某物)
Since this meeting doesn’t involve me．I think I’d better leave now．
既然这场会议不包括我，我想我现在最好是回避一下。
This problem involves us all．这个问题牵涉到我们大家。
(2)使(某物)成为必要条件
Giving advice at the right time has to involve a great deal of intelligence．
在适当的时间提建议需要人的睿智。
(3)使参加，加入
We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations．
我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。
【助记】
[根]volve(卷)→[生]evolve进化；involve卷入
【拓展】
involve sb.／sth. in(doing) sth. 使某人，某物参与某活动
involve...with...使……和……混在一起；使……和……有密切联系
get involved in参加，参与
keen
【原句回放】However，for the euro，twelve different countries were involved，and each country was as keen as the other to be represented．然而，对于欧元来说，它涉及12个不同国家，而且每个国家都和其他国家一样迫切希望出现在画面上。
【点拨】keen adj.
(1)热切的；热情的；热心的
She is keen that we should go．她热情地叫我们去。
搭配
be keen on(doing) sth.
be keen to do sth.
对(做)某事热心
He’s very keen to see his hometown．他极渴望看到他的故乡。
I’m very keen on outdoor sports．我非常喜欢室外运动。
(2)强烈的，深厚的
He took a keen interest in his grandson’s education．他对孙子的教育很感兴趣。
(3)灵敏的，敏锐的
The blind have a keen sense of touch．盲人有敏锐的触觉。
represent
【原句回放】However，for the euro，twelve different countries were involved，and each country was as keen as the other to be represented．然而，对于欧元来说，它涉及12个不同国家，而且每个国家都和其他国家一样迫切希望出现在画面上。
【点拨】represent vt.
(1)(绘画)表现(某人／物)；描绘；塑造
The picture represents a hunting scene．这是一幅狩猎图。
(2)(常用于被动语态中)作为(某人的)代表、代理人
Our firm is represented in India by Mr. Hall．我们公司驻印度的代表是霍尔先生。
(3)代表；象征；标志
Each colour on the chart represents a different department．
图表中的每一种颜色都代表一个不同的部门。
【拓展】
represent to sb．向某人描述 represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent oneself as／to be自称是
within
【原句回放】The 12 stars on the European flag represent the 12 countries within the European Union，including Austria，Belgium，Finland，France，Germany，Greece，Ireland，Italy，Luxembourg，the Netherlands，Portugal，and Spain．欧盟旗上的这12颗星代表着欧盟内的12个国家，包括奥地利、比利时、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙和西班牙。
【点拨】within prep. 在……之内，不超出；adv．在内部
We did the work within the time they had allotted to us．
我们在他们给我们指定的时间内把工作做完了。
Several cars are available within this price range．在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选购。
This is a task well within your ability．这完全是你力所能及的任务。
【拓展】
within one’s income量入为出 within one’s reach在某人所能够到的范围内
重点短语
up to
【原句回放】With Remote Headphones you can go up to sixty metres away from your radio or TV．
带着遥控耳机，你能远离你的电视或收音机60米。
【点拨】up to
(1)达到(某数量、程度)，至多有
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests．这家旅馆最多可供500位来宾住宿。
(2)直到；不多于；不迟于
Up to now he’s been very quiet．到目前为止，他一直很安静。
(3)胜任，适于
He’s not up to the job．他无法胜任这项工作。
(4)忙于；从事着(尤指坏事)
I’m sure he’s up to no good．我敢说他在打某个坏主意。
(5)应由；视为……的责任；由……决定
It’s up to you whether we accept the present or not．我们接不接受这份礼物由你决定。
move around
【原句回放】These exciting，new headphones give you freedom to move around plus top quality sound．
这些令人兴奋的新型耳机会带给你移动的自由及高质量的声音效果。
【点拨】move around＝move about不停地走动；四处走动
It felt good to get out of the Car and move around．下车活动活动的感觉真好。
Cordless phones allow you to move around freely while talking．
无线电话让你在讲话时可自由移动。
【拓展】
move aside搁在一边，除去 move along往前移动 move away搬屯离开
move down(使)降级 move in搬到某处，迁入 move off离去，出发
move on继续前进。继续搬迁 move over(为别人)挪开地方
move up 晋升
instead of
【原句回放】However，instead of showing real，existing structures，he used photographs to make up imaginary structures that best represented the different architectural styles．但他没有去展现真实存在的建筑结构，而是用相片聚合成一个想象中的最能代表不同建筑风格的结构图。
【点拨】instead of代替
There is growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices．
人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。
【辨析】instead of与instead
易混词(组)
辨析
例句
instead of
“代替，而不”，后接名词、代词动名词、介词短语等．为介词短语
He gave me an English book instead of a Chinese book.=He didn’t give me a Chinese book．
instead
可单独使用，为副词。置于句首或l句末。置于句首时，常表示“(不是……)而是／反而……”
Instead he gave me an English book．他没给我一本汉语书，而给了我一本英语书。
重点句型
省略句
【原句回放】Not a lot，you may think．或许你觉得做不了很多。
【点拨】省略句 此句补充完整为：You can not do a lot with 5 yuan．you may think.
在一个句子中有时一个或更多的成分会被省略掉，这样的句子称为省略句。被省略的部分可能是：(1)主语；(2)谓语或谓语的一部分；(3)宾语；(4)动词不定式；(5)冠词；(6)主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)；(7)其他成分等。
(1)省略主语
(Ⅰ)Beg your pardon? 请再说一遍。
(You)Translate the following sentences into English．
请把下列句子翻译成英语。
(2)省略谓语或谓语的一部分
(Is there) Any question? 有什么问题吗?
(Do)You need help? 你需要帮忙吗?
(3)省略宾语
—who do you think should be responsible?你认为谁应该负责任?
—It’s hard to say(it)．这很难说。
(4)动词不定式的省略
—Would you like to come to our party tonight? 今晚你愿意来参加我们的聚会吗?
—Yes，I’d love to(go／come)．是的，我愿意。
(5)主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)的省略
(I’m) Glad to see you．见到你真高兴。
When(he was) rescued，he was almost dead．当(他)获救时，他几乎要死了。
(6)从句的省略
You should do the same(if you were in my position)．你也会这样做的(如果你在我的位置)。
(7)整句的省略
—Are you all right? 你好吗?
—Yes．(I’m all right．)是的。(我很好。)
(8)只保留一个句子成分
—What did you get?你拿了什么?
—A dictionary．一本字典。(只保留宾语)
which引导非限制性定语从句
【原句回放】Over time，a lot of soil has been removed，which has caused serious erosion of the land along the river．
长年累月，大量的泥土被冲走，导致黄河两岸严重的水土流失。
【点拨】which引导非限制性定语从句，此时，which不能用that代替。
Our school building，which was built in 1987，is very beautiful．
我们学校的教学大楼非常漂亮，它是1987年建成的。
易混词
辨析
例句
从句作用
从句位置
词义
I bought my younger sister a big toy，which delighted her greatly．
我给妹妹买了个大玩具，这使她非常高兴。
which
引导的非限制性定语从句对主句进行补充说明，表明事物存在的状态或引起的结果
只能跟在主向后
常译为“这一点，这件事”等
as
引导的非限制性定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论
可置于主句前，也可在主句后的出现
常译为“正如，像，由……可知”
Einstein，as is well known，is a famous scientist．众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
It is/was...that/who...强调句型结构
【原句回放】In fact，it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion．
事实上，你才是阻止黄河水土流失最重要的人。
【点拨】 It is/was...that/who...强调句型结构
此强调句式几乎可以强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分，用来加强语气。
He saw Mr. Wang on TV yesterday．他昨天在电视上看到了王先生。
It was he that／who saw Mr. Wang on TV yesterday．
是他昨天在电视上看到了王先生。(强调主语)
It was Mr. Wang that he saw on TV yesterday．
他昨天在电视上看到的是王先生。(强调宾语)
It was yesterday that he saw Mr. Wang on TV．
他是昨天在电视上看到王先生的。(强调时间状语)
It was on TV that he saw Mr. Wang yesterday．
他昨天是在电视上看到王先生的。(强调地点状语．)
学法点拨：①不能用这一结构来强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词用do的适当形式。
He did see Mr. Wang on TV yesterday．他昨天确定在电视上见到王先生了。
②强调疑问词时，疑问词要放在句首。
When was it that they were in prison?他们究竟在什么时候坐过牢？
③强调句的一般疑问句形式。
Was it during the war that the boy’s father died?
误区警示：①如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其他成分，则一律用that来连接。
It is my mother who／that cooks every day．是我妈妈每天做饭。
②使用强调句型时要注意，如果被强调成分是主语，who／that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。
It is I who am right．我才是对的。
It is he who is wrong．就是他错了。
③被强调成分若是作主语的代词，用主格，若是作宾语的代词，用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday．昨天是他帮助了我。
It was me that he helped yesterday．他昨天帮助的是我。
④被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。
It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．
他们当时正在谈论他们记忆中的事物和人。
play the/a...role in... 在……中担任……角色，在……中起……作用
He played the role of Lei Feng in the film．在这部电影中他扮演了雷锋这一角色。
Words play a tremendous role in everyday life．话语在日常生活中起着举足轻重的作用。
学法点拨：这一用法与play the/a...part in...一样
He played an important part in the struggle against pollution．在与污染进行的斗争中，他起了重要的作用。
while…
【原句回放】You can listen to your favourite programmes while you are walking round the house or garden!（戴着它）你可以边在房子或花园周围漫步，边听你最喜欢的节目！
【点拨】while conj.
(1)正当……的时候
Please keep the watch for me while I go swimming．我去游泳时，请代我保管这块手表。
(2)虽然；尽管
While I like the colour of the hat，I don’t like its shape．
虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。
(3)(表示对比)而
Some people like coffee，while others like tea．有些人喜欢咖啡，而有些人喜欢茶。
误区警示：①while作“当……时候”解时，不可指时间点（a point of time）。
He was ringing me up when he heard of his younger brother’s arrival．
听说他弟弟到达的消息时，他正给我打电话。（不可用while）
②当从句中的谓语动词是持续性动作时，可以用while，when或as．
③as常用来表示两个动作同时发生，常译为“随着；一边……一边……”。
no + adj.／adv. 的比较级 + than
【原句回放】It is no bigger than a credit card！它（这种相机）和一张信用卡一样小！
【点拨】no bigger than...＝as small as...跟……一样小
no + adj.／adv. 的比较级 + than＝as + adj.／adv. 的反义词 + as，表示“跟……一样不……”，表示两者都否定。
He is no cleverer than his younger brother.＝He is as stupid as his younger brother．
(Neither of them is clever.)他和他弟弟一样都不聪明。
—Is your father any better today? 你父亲今天好些了吗?
—No，he is no better than yesterday．不，他和昨天一样没见好。
【辨析】no more(...)than与not more(...)than
易混词组
辨析
一言辨异
no more(...) then
和……一样不……(两者都否定)；后接数词，表示“至多，仅仅”(强调少)
He worked no more than a week，so he could get not more than 100yuan．他只工作了一个星期，因此他至多能得到100元。
not more(...) than
不比……；没有到……(程度)；后接数词，表示“不多于，不超过”(不强调少，不带感彩)。
find的复合结构
【原句回放】Do you find housework tiring and boring? 你是否觉得家务活又累又烦？
【点拨】 find的复合结构
find + Object(宾语) + Object Complement(宾语补足语：n.／adj.／doing／done／adv.／prep. 短语，to be)
We all find him a very sensible man．我们都发现他是个很有头脑的人。
I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn．我发现习语和有用的短语很难学。
She found a wallet lying on the ground．她发现一个钱包在地上。
They found the street lined with people．他们发现大街两侧都站着人。
误区警示：find后一般不接to do不定式作补足语。
【链接】
(1)find it + adj.／n. + to do sth.／that-clause发现做某事是……
I find it difficult to work here．我发现在这里工作很难。
He found it a difficult matter not to think of these things．他发现不考虑这些事情是一件很难的事。
(2)find oneself...发现自己(处于某种状态)，不自觉地……
She found herself more and more interested in reading．她发现自己对阅读越来越感兴趣。
Dick found himself walking in the direction of the zoo．
迪克发现自己不知不觉地朝动物园的方向走去。
(3)find out + n.／pron.／clause／连接代词或副词+ to do...查明，弄清楚……
Go and find out the truth to report back quickly．立刻查明事实真相回来汇报。
How did you find out that Burns was going to be promoted?你是怎么知道伯恩斯将会得到提升的?
【辨析】find，find out与discover
易混词 (组)
辨析
一言辨异与例句
find
多指偶然发现，碰到；后接名词、代词、复合结构或that从句
I have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it．我发现给孩子提建议的最好办法是先弄明白他们想要什么，然后建议他们去做。
find out
指通过观察、探索发现事实的真相、实情，通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、错误等；一般后接名词、代词或从句
discover
指发现客观事物的存在，发现已存在而不为人所知的事情
Columbus discovered America．哥伦布发现了美洲。
巩固练习
单词拼写（根据汉语意思或首字母 共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1. He is very （实用的，会做事的）—he can make or mend almost anything.
2. The child couldn’t keep his b on his new bicycle.
3. We are all p where all his money goes each week.
4. I am a 6 feet tall.
5. The little boy （表现）with great courage in the face of the gunman.
6. The book （包含）some amusing passages.
7. Big cities have many （娱乐活动）.
8. You must pay for the book in （提前）.
9. In 1951，I （搬走）from the country to the town.
10. The government is （呼吁）to everyone to save water.
11. The railway s showed that the train could pass.
12. Because of his strange clothes，he immediately became the f of attention when he entered the office.
完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
1.The （电灯） is very convenient in our daily life.
2. （如果你方便的话），please post the letter for me.
3.Didn’t you find （他的讲演令人厌倦）？
4.I find the bike （和那辆自行车一样不好）.
5.This e-dictionary is （很容易使用）.
单项填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
1.These books are both interesting and instructive. No wonder they the youth.
A. apply to B. approve of C. appeal to D. attend to
2. The government appealed to the people .
A. to unite B. uniting C. in uniting D. for uniting
3. The price the postage.
A. includes B. contains C. holds D. has
4.The whole book 22 units， four main revisions.
A. contains；including B. includes；containing
C. contains；containing[ D. includes；including
5. Apples water and sugar.
A. include B. contain C. hold D. take
6.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
— good.
A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds
7.—Did he say anything that to you especially？
—Not really. Actually I slept through his speech.
A. adapted B. attached C. referred D. appealed
8.While going around the city，the visitors admired .
A. the beauty of the whole city B. that the whole city was beauty
C. the whole city its beauty D. the beauty for the whole city
9.—The last one pays the meal.
—Agreed！
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
10.I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ？
A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. to be bought
11. Never be ashamed what you don’t understand.
A. of asking about B. to ask about C. to ask D. asking
12.He is rude his uncle，so his father said，“It’s rude you to do things like that.”
A. to；for B. of；to C. to；of D. of；for
13. Parents are always their kids’ education and want to do everything to make sure that their kids get the best.
A. concerned about B. concerning about
C. concerned to D. concerning to
14. I am much concerned that my friend is hurt.
A. to hear B. of hearing C. for hearing D. to hearing
15.The film lasted for 2 hours，but I was to see it out（完成）.
A. determining to wake B. determined to wake
C. determined of waking D. determining of wake
16.I am that you have passed the exams.
A. pleased to hear B. pleasing to hear
C. pleased of hearing D. pleasing of hearing
17.The boy begged his teacher him another chance，for his failure was due to his carelessness this time.
A. to give B. giving C. of giving D. for giving[来
18.—Excuse me，sir，where is Room 301?
—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob you to your room.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
19. Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
20.—Can I smoke here? —Sorry. We don’t allow here.
A. people smoking B. people smoke
C. to smoke D. smoking
答案与解析：
单词拼写
1 .practical 2.balance 3.puzzled 4.approximately 5.behaved 6.contains
7. amusements 8.advance 9.removed 10.appealing 11.signal 12.focus
完成句子
1.electric light
2. If it is convenient to you
3. his speech boring
4. no better than that one
5. easy to use
单项填空
1.C appeal to吸引。
2.A “号召某人做某事”为appeal to sb.to do sth.。
3.A 句意为“这个价格包括邮资”。
4.A 句意为“整本书包含22个单元，包括4个主要的复习课”。
5.B contain意为“包含”。
6.D 考查省略句。答语为“That sounds good.”的省略形式。
7.D 考查短语辨析。appeal to意为“吸引”。adapt to“适应”；attach to“附着在……上”；refer to“参考，指的是”。
8.A admire为及物动词，其宾语应是一个名词（短语）。
9.C “the last/next/first...”后常接不定式作定语。
10.D 此题要看施动者是谁。
11.B be ashamed to do sth.of sth.羞于（做）某事。
12.C A be rude to B A对B粗鲁；It is rude of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是粗鲁的。
13.A be concerned about关心，挂念。
14.A 此题考查be concerned about sth.／to do sth.结构。
15.B be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表示状态)；determine to do sth.(当时)决定做某事(表示动作)；无C、D两项的形式。
16.A be pleased to hear...很高兴听说……
17.A beg sb.to do sth.祈求某人做某事。
18.A have sb.do sth.使某人做某事。
19.C suggest后面接动词时要用动名词作宾语，A项是动名词的完成式，表示发生在谓语动词suggested之前的一个动作，由句意可知不符合题意，故排除，因而选C。
20.D allow doing sth.允许做某事；allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。故D项正
目标认知
重点词汇
amusement, appeal, approximately, contain, balance, remove, puzzled, effect, behave, advance, electric, practical
relaxing, signal, convenient, focus, weigh, replace, however, involve, keen, represent, within
重点短语
up to, move around, instead of
重点句型
省略句
which引导非限制性定语从句
It is/was...that/who...强调句型结构
while...
find复合结构
知识讲解
重点词汇
amusement
【原句回放】games in amusement parks(Reading，key words)
【点拨】amusement n. 趣味，乐趣；娱乐活动，消遣方式
Much to their amusement，I couldn’t get the door open．让他们觉得很好笑的是，我打不开门。
What do you do for amusement round here?你们在这儿有什么消遣?
【单词积累】
amuse v. 逗乐，逗笑；为(某人)提供消遣；娱乐
amusement n．娱乐，消遣；娱乐活动
amusing adj. 令人发笑的
amused adj. 感到好笑的
amusedly adv．开心地；好玩地
【拓展】
in amusement愉快地
to one’s amusement让人感到愉快(有趣)的是
do sth. for amusement为消遣而做某事
amuse sb.／oneself with sth.
=be amused with sth. 用某事／物娱乐某人(自己)
amuse sb．by／at(doing) sth. 通过(做)某事逗乐某人
be／feel amused at／by／with...被……逗乐
be amused to see／find／learn看到／发现／得知……觉得挺逗
appeal
【原句回放】Well，if buying a bag candies or cookies doesn’t appeal to you，how about buying a tree instead? 你如果对买一袋糖果或甜点不感兴趣，那（用这钱）买一棵树如何？
【点拨】appeal vi. & n.
(1)vi. 有吸引力，引起兴趣；哀求，求助；向……呼吁；上诉
The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups．设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
They are appealing for money to build a new hall．他们呼吁得到建筑新大厅的款项。
The Prime Minister appealed to young people to use their vote．首相呼吁年轻人行使他们的投票权。
He said they would appeal against the decision．他说他们将对该决议提出申诉。
(2)n. [C，U]恳求，呼吁；吸引力，兴趣；上诉
The police made an appeal to the public to remain calm．警察呼吁公众保持镇静。
The child’s mother made an emotional appeal on TV for his return．
孩子的母亲在电视上恳切地要求儿子回家。
They kept at me with their appeals to help them．他们一直要我帮助他们。
The music has not much appeal for me．这种音乐引不起我多大兴趣。
These subjects have lost their appeal for most students．
对多数学生来说，这些学科已经失去了吸引力。
The judge rejected the appeal made by the prisoner for a new trial．法官驳回了犯人提出重新审理的上诉。
【拓展】
appeal to向……呼吁(请求)；投合……的心意；引起……的兴趣；诉诸(武力)
appeal to sb. for...为……向某人呼吁(请求)
appeal for sth. 恳求某事，呼吁某事
make an appeal to sb. 向某人提出呼吁；引起某人的兴趣
appeal to sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
how about表示征求对方的意见，它的用法与what about相同，常用于句式“How／What about+名词／代词／动名词?”中。
By the way，I’ll be free this evening．How about going to see a film?
另外，我今天晚上有空，去看场电影怎么样？
How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop？去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡怎么样？
approximately
【原句回放】Every year，approximately 1.6 billion tons of soil flows into the Yellow River，China’s second longest river．每年，大约有16亿吨泥土流入黄河——中国第二长河。
【点拨】 approximately adv. 近似地，大约地
The plane will be landing in approximately 20 minutes．飞机大约将于20分钟以后着陆。
There were approximately fifty people there．那儿大约有50人。
学法点拨：approximately与about两个词都含有“大约”的意思，approximately原意为“最接近地”，因而指数量或质量上接近正确，误差极小，可以忽略；而about原意为“在……周围”，因而指大致接近，相差可多可少。
误区警示：approximate无比较等级，其反义词是exact“确切的”。
【助记】
(1)approach接近→approxim最接近→approximate adj. 近似的，大致的
(2)approxim(最接近)→ate + -ly→adv. 近似地，大约；最接近地
contain
【原句回放】The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area．这些泥土中含有保持该地区自然界平衡的物质。
【点拨】contain n. 包含，含有；控制，克制，抑制(感情)
This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol．这种饮料不含任何酒精。
She was unable to contain her excitement at that time．那时她无法抑制内心的激动。
【单词积累】
content n. 容量，内容 container n. 容器，集装箱
【拓展】
contain oneself 克制自我，控制自己
【辨析】contain与include
易混词
辨析
例句
contain
“包含”，其后的宾语指的是整体的全部或部分，侧重于内容
Our textbook contains twelve units．我们的教科书有12个单元。
include
“包括”，其后的宾语只是整体中的一部分，侧重于范围
Six people were killed，including a child. 6人死亡，包括一名儿童。
【助记】
balance
【原句回放】The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area．
这些泥土中含有保持该地区自然界平衡的物质。
【点拨】balance n. & vt.
(1)n. [U，sing.]平衡
John lost his balance and fell from the ladder．约翰失去了平衡，从梯子上掉了下来。
It is very important to keep the balance of ecology．保持生态平衡是很重要的。
(2)n. [C]天平；秤
In what way is a laboratory balance different from a balance found in a store?
实验室的天平与商店里的秤在什么方面有所不同?
(3)vt. 考虑，权衡
We must balance the good and evil of things．我们必须权衡事物的好和坏两个方面。
【拓展】
keep／lose one’s balance保持／失去平衡 out of balance失去平衡
keep the balance of nature保持自然界平衡 a balanced diet均衡的饮食
hold the balance掌握决定权，举足轻重 off balance不平衡
remove
【原句回放】Over time，a lot of soil has been removed，which has caused serious erosion of the land along the River．长年累月，大量的泥土被冲走，导致黄河两岸严重的水土流失。
【点拨】remove v. 移开，去掉，从……机构开除；使消失
He removed the table to the corner of the room．他把那张桌子挪到了房间的角落里。
The news removed every doubt about the company’s future．
这则消息消除了一切有关该公司未来的疑虑。
Some of them are removed and some are put into museums．
它们中的有些被迁移了，有一些被放到了博物馆里。
【助记】
puzzled
【原句回放】Still puzzled how your 5 yuan can have so much effect?
还是不理解你的5元钱怎么会有如此大的作用吗？
【点拨】puzzled adj. 困惑的，迷惑的，无法理解的
I’m still slightly puzzled as to why she never calls us．
对于她为什么从不给我们打电话，我仍然感到有点迷惑。
【拓展】
puzzle v. & n.
(1)v. 迷惑；使困惑
搭配：puzzle over苦苦思索 puzzle out琢磨出……的答案
What puzzles me is how the thief got into the house without setting off the alarm．
这个盗贼如何进入房子而没有让警报器响起来，这使我大惑不解。
(2)n. 疑问，不解之谜
The deeper meaning of the poem remains a puzzle．这首诗的深层含义仍是个谜。
【单词积累】
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的；费解的 puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的
effect
【原句回放】Still puzzled how your 5 yuan can have so much effect?
还是不理解你的5元钱怎么会有如此大的作用吗？
【点拨】effect n. & vt.
(1)n. 影响，效果，作用
However，the medicine didn’t have any effect．然而，这药没有任何效果。
(2)vt．使发生；实现；引起
His opinion effected a change in the plan．他的意见使计划变更了。
【拓展】
in effect有效，生效；实际上 take effect生效
have an effect on...对……有影响 come into effect生效
to the effect that...大意是…… without effect无效地
【一言辨异】
They are determined to effect their plan though it has been much affected by the present conditions．
他们决心实施他们的计划，虽然目前的条件对此不利。
behave
【原句回放】At that time，women were expected to stay at home，take care of their husbands and children，and behave like ladies．那时，妇女被期望待在家里照顾丈夫和孩子而且行为举止要像个淑女。
【点拨】behave vi. 举止，表现；vt. 检点(自己的)行为
They behave very badly towards their guests．他们对客人们很不礼貌。
He behaves like a true gentleman．他的行为像个真正的绅士。
Well-behaved children should be praised．表现好的孩子们应该受到表扬。
Behave yourself，or you’ll not be allowed to attend the party．规矩点，否则不允许你参加晚会。
【拓展】
behave well／badly表现好／坏
behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌
well-behaved表现得好的 badly-behaved表现得差的
behaviour n．行为，举止，态度
advance
【原句回放】They were determined to take the opportunity to advance across the river．
他们决心抓住这次机会前进跨过河流。
【点拨】advance n. & v.
(1)n. 前进；发展，提高
Nothing could stop the advance of the soldiers．什么也无法阻挡战士们的前进步伐。
We live in all age of rapid technological advances．我们生活在技术迅猛发展的时代。
(2)vi. 前进；进步
I signed to him to keep away，but he continued to advance．我示意他离开，但他还是继续往前走。
Our knowledge is advancing all the time．我们的知识在不断地进步。
(3)vt. 使提前发生；加速进程；促进，帮助发展；提出(理论、论点)
I advanced the schedule by several weeks．我把进度表提前了几周。
Too much protein in the diet may advance the ageing process．
饮食中摄入过量蛋白质可能会加速衰老。
When not producing art of his own，Oliver was busy advancing the work of others．
奥利弗在不搞自己的艺术创作时，就会忙着帮助别人完成作品。
Many theories have been advanced as to why some women suffer from depression．
就一些女性患抑郁症的原因。各种说法纷至沓来。
【单词积累】
advanced adj．先进的；高级的 advancement n. 晋升；提拔；前进
【搭配】
advance to使提升到；朝……前进
advance on／towards sb.／sth．前进；行进
the advance(s) in... 在……方面的进步，进展
in advance＝ahead of time预先，提前
make an advance(advances)＝make progress取得进步
electric
【原句回放】I think electric toothbrushes are not very practical．我认为电动牙刷不太实用。
【点拨】electric adj.
(1)电的；电动的；充电的；能发电的
Electric lights have replaced candles．电灯已经取代了蜡烛。
(2)(使)突然兴奋的；紧张激动的
The mood in the hall was electric．大厅里的气氛非常紧张。
【单词积累】
electricity n. 电，电力 electrical adj. 与电有关的(人或物品)
electrician n. 电工
【辨析】electric，electrical与electronic
易混词
辨析
一言辨异
electric
指可发电的，靠电力操作的或由电力产生的
The electrical engineer’s electric iron and electronic dictionary both broke down．电力工程师的电烙铁和电子词典都坏了。
electrical
指与电有关的人员或物品
electronic
“电子的”
practical
【原句回放】I think electric toothbrushes are not very practical．我认为电动牙刷不太实用。
【点拨】 practical adj.
(1)实践的；讲求实际的
As a teacher，he has a lot of practical experience．作为一名教师，他有着丰富的实践经验。
Have you got any practical experience of teaching? 你有任何实际教学经验吗?
(2)切合实际的；实用的
Your invention is very good，but not very practical．你的发明是很好，但不是很实用。
We must take practical measures to settle problems．我们必须采取切实可行的措施来解决问题。
【单词积累】
practically adv. 实际上，几乎，简直 practice n. & v. 实践，练习
practise v. 实践，练习
relaxing
【原句回放】You can listen to relaxing music in the bath! 你可以在洗澡时听轻松的音乐！
【点拨】relaxing adj. 有助于休息的；令人放松的；轻松的
I think fishing is more relaxing than playing golf．我认为钓鱼比打高尔夫球更使人放松、舒坦。
【辨析】relaxing与relaxed
易混词
辨析
一言辨异
relaxing
是现在分词形式的形容词，意思是“令／使人轻松的”，往往与事物有关，说明事物所具有的特征
The job Tom is doing now is relaxing．He is feeling much more relaxed．
汤姆现在从事一项很轻松的工作，他觉得轻松多了。
relaxed
是过去分词形式的形容词，意思是“感到轻松的；感到不紧张的”，往往与人有关，说明人所处的状态
signal
【原句回放】The signals go through glass，doors and walls．信号可穿透玻璃、门和墙壁。
【点拨】signal n. & v.(1)n．信号；标志；迹象；预示
A red light is often a danger signal．红灯常常是危险的信号。
We live too far from the city to get a strong television signal．
我们住的地方离城里太远，不能收到很强的电视信号。
Her speech yesterday is a signal that her view has changed．她昨天的讲话标志着她的观点已经转变。
(2)v. 用信号传递信息(或指示)；发信号；预示；表明；显示
The police signaled the traffic to move forward slowly．警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。
She signaled massive changes in energy policy．她暗示能源政策会有重大变化。
【辨析】signal，symbol与sign
易混词
辨析
例句
signal
指为某一目的而有意发出的信号
I corrected my watch by the time signal．
我按报时信号校正我的表。
symbol
指象征或表达某种深意的特殊事物
The dove is the symbol of peace．
鸽子是和平的象征。
sign
普通用词，指人们辨认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆
Dark clouds are a sign of rain or snow．
乌云是雨或雪将至的预兆。
convenient
【原句回放】It is convenient and very reliable．它（这种照相机）既方便又可靠。
【点拨】convenient adj. 适合需要的；方便的；省心的；省事的；合适的
Living in the big city is convenient．住在大城市是方便的。
I’d like to see you whenever it’s convenient．在你方便的时候我想来看看你。
It is a more convenient way to pay for purchases．这是支付货款的一种比较方便的手段。
【链接】
at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候 make a convenience of sb．利用某人
to one’s convenience对某人方便／合适 for convenience为了方便，为了实用
focus
【原句回放】It has an automatic focus and flash，so you don’t have to worry about anything．
它有自动聚焦和闪光，困此你不必担心任何事。
【点拨】 focus n. & v.
(1)n. 兴趣(或活动)的焦点；重视；图像(成像)清晰度
In tonight’s programme our focus is on Germany．
在今天晚上的节目中我们重点介绍德国。
The new system is the focus of controversy．这个新体制是争议的焦点。
The focus on my camera isn’t working properly．
我的照相机的调焦装置有毛病。
(2)v. 注视；把注意力集中于，重视；调节(眼睛的)焦距
All eyes were focused on him．大家的目光都聚集在他身上。
Please focus your mind son the following problems．请集中注意力考虑以下问题。
You should focus your attention on your work．你应该把注意力放到工作上。
【搭配】
focus on／upon集中注意力于……
weigh
【原句回放】The dog walker weighs only ten kilos. 狗狗跑步机只有10千克重。
【点拨】weigh v. 有……重；重……；称某物的重量；认真考虑、权衡……
Our Christmas turkey weighed 16 pounds．我们的圣诞火鸡重16磅。
He weighed himself on the scale．他在磅秤上称体重。
He weighed the stone in his hand．他用手掂了掂这块石头的重量。
We have to weigh the costs of the new system against the benefits it will bring．
我们在衡量新系统带来的好处时，必须考虑到它的费用。
【链接】
weight n. [U，C]重量；分量
【一言辨异】
Why not weigh the baby to find out how much it weighs?
为何不称一下这个婴儿以弄清楚它多重呢?
【拓展】
weigh on/upon 成为(心里的)负担 by weight按重量
weigh out称出；量出 put on／gain weight体重增加；长胖
take off / lose weight减轻体重；减肥；变苗条
weigh one’s words／phrases斟酌词句；推敲
replace
【原句回放】Well，it’s a disk to replace our textbook．哦，这是代替我们课本的磁盘。
【点拨】replace vt.
(1)代替，取代
Who will replace the present leader? 谁将接替现任的领导呢?
Can anything replace a mother’s love? 有什么东西能代替母爱吗?
(2)更换，替换
Machines cannot replace people in this work．机器无法代替人做这项工作。
These losses are not easily replaced．这些损失不容易弥补。
(3)放回，把……放回原处
He picked them up and replaced them in the bag．他把它们捡了起来，放回包里。
I replaced the dish in the cabinet．我把盘子放回橱柜。
【拓展】
replace sb.／sth. with sb.／sth. 用……替代……
We replaced the old television set with a newer one．我们把旧电视换成了个较新的。
however
【原句回放】However，for the euro，twelve different countries were involved，and each country was as keen as the other to be represented．然而，对于欧元来说，它涉及12个不同国家，而且每个国家都和其他国家一样迫切希望出现在画面上。
【点拨】however adv．
(1)然而，可是，尽管如此
I feel a bit tired．However，I can hold on．我有点累了，但我能坚持下去。
(2)不管多么
However hard it rained, they went on hiking．不管雨下得多大，他们仍继续徒步旅行。
(3)不管怎样
However I approached the problem, I couldn’t find a solution．这一问题我不管怎样都无法解决。
involve
【原句回放】However，for the euro，twelve different countries were involved，and each country was as keen as the other to be represented．然而，对于欧元来说，它涉及12个不同国家，而且每个国家都和其他国家一样迫切希望出现在画面上。
【点拨】involve vt.
(1)包括，包含，牵涉，牵连(某人／某物)
Since this meeting doesn’t involve me．I think I’d better leave now．
既然这场会议不包括我，我想我现在最好是回避一下。
This problem involves us all．这个问题牵涉到我们大家。
(2)使(某物)成为必要条件
Giving advice at the right time has to involve a great deal of intelligence．
在适当的时间提建议需要人的睿智。
(3)使参加，加入
We want to involve as many people as possible in the celebrations．
我们希望参加庆典的人越多越好。
【助记】
[根]volve(卷)→[生]evolve进化；involve卷入
【拓展】
involve sb.／sth. in(doing) sth. 使某人，某物参与某活动
involve...with...使……和……混在一起；使……和……有密切联系
get involved in参加，参与
keen
【原句回放】However，for the euro，twelve different countries were involved，and each country was as keen as the other to be represented．然而，对于欧元来说，它涉及12个不同国家，而且每个国家都和其他国家一样迫切希望出现在画面上。
【点拨】keen adj.
(1)热切的；热情的；热心的
She is keen that we should go．她热情地叫我们去。
搭配
be keen on(doing) sth.
be keen to do sth.
对(做)某事热心
He’s very keen to see his hometown．他极渴望看到他的故乡。
I’m very keen on outdoor sports．我非常喜欢室外运动。
(2)强烈的，深厚的
He took a keen interest in his grandson’s education．他对孙子的教育很感兴趣。
(3)灵敏的，敏锐的
The blind have a keen sense of touch．盲人有敏锐的触觉。
represent
【原句回放】However，for the euro，twelve different countries were involved，and each country was as keen as the other to be represented．然而，对于欧元来说，它涉及12个不同国家，而且每个国家都和其他国家一样迫切希望出现在画面上。
【点拨】represent vt.
(1)(绘画)表现(某人／物)；描绘；塑造
The picture represents a hunting scene．这是一幅狩猎图。
(2)(常用于被动语态中)作为(某人的)代表、代理人
Our firm is represented in India by Mr. Hall．我们公司驻印度的代表是霍尔先生。
(3)代表；象征；标志
Each colour on the chart represents a different department．
图表中的每一种颜色都代表一个不同的部门。
【拓展】
represent to sb．向某人描述 represent...as...把……描绘成……
represent oneself as／to be自称是
within
【原句回放】The 12 stars on the European flag represent the 12 countries within the European Union，including Austria，Belgium，Finland，France，Germany，Greece，Ireland，Italy，Luxembourg，the Netherlands，Portugal，and Spain．欧盟旗上的这12颗星代表着欧盟内的12个国家，包括奥地利、比利时、芬兰、法国、德国、希腊、爱尔兰、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙和西班牙。
【点拨】within prep. 在……之内，不超出；adv．在内部
We did the work within the time they had allotted to us．
我们在他们给我们指定的时间内把工作做完了。
Several cars are available within this price range．在这个价格范围内，有好几种汽车可供选购。
This is a task well within your ability．这完全是你力所能及的任务。
【拓展】
within one’s income量入为出 within one’s reach在某人所能够到的范围内
重点短语
up to
【原句回放】With Remote Headphones you can go up to sixty metres away from your radio or TV．
带着遥控耳机，你能远离你的电视或收音机60米。
【点拨】up to
(1)达到(某数量、程度)，至多有
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests．这家旅馆最多可供500位来宾住宿。
(2)直到；不多于；不迟于
Up to now he’s been very quiet．到目前为止，他一直很安静。
(3)胜任，适于
He’s not up to the job．他无法胜任这项工作。
(4)忙于；从事着(尤指坏事)
I’m sure he’s up to no good．我敢说他在打某个坏主意。
(5)应由；视为……的责任；由……决定
It’s up to you whether we accept the present or not．我们接不接受这份礼物由你决定。
move around
【原句回放】These exciting，new headphones give you freedom to move around plus top quality sound．
这些令人兴奋的新型耳机会带给你移动的自由及高质量的声音效果。
【点拨】move around＝move about不停地走动；四处走动
It felt good to get out of the Car and move around．下车活动活动的感觉真好。
Cordless phones allow you to move around freely while talking．
无线电话让你在讲话时可自由移动。
【拓展】
move aside搁在一边，除去 move along往前移动 move away搬屯离开
move down(使)降级 move in搬到某处，迁入 move off离去，出发
move on继续前进。继续搬迁 move over(为别人)挪开地方
move up 晋升
instead of
【原句回放】However，instead of showing real，existing structures，he used photographs to make up imaginary structures that best represented the different architectural styles．但他没有去展现真实存在的建筑结构，而是用相片聚合成一个想象中的最能代表不同建筑风格的结构图。
【点拨】instead of代替
There is growing tendency for people to work at home instead of in offices．
人们在家里而不是在办公室里工作的趋势日益增长。
【辨析】instead of与instead
易混词(组)
辨析
例句
instead of
“代替，而不”，后接名词、代词动名词、介词短语等．为介词短语
He gave me an English book instead of a Chinese book.=He didn’t give me a Chinese book．
instead
可单独使用，为副词。置于句首或l句末。置于句首时，常表示“(不是……)而是／反而……”
Instead he gave me an English book．他没给我一本汉语书，而给了我一本英语书。
重点句型
省略句
【原句回放】Not a lot，you may think．或许你觉得做不了很多。
【点拨】省略句 此句补充完整为：You can not do a lot with 5 yuan．you may think.
在一个句子中有时一个或更多的成分会被省略掉，这样的句子称为省略句。被省略的部分可能是：(1)主语；(2)谓语或谓语的一部分；(3)宾语；(4)动词不定式；(5)冠词；(6)主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)；(7)其他成分等。
(1)省略主语
(Ⅰ)Beg your pardon? 请再说一遍。
(You)Translate the following sentences into English．
请把下列句子翻译成英语。
(2)省略谓语或谓语的一部分
(Is there) Any question? 有什么问题吗?
(Do)You need help? 你需要帮忙吗?
(3)省略宾语
—who do you think should be responsible?你认为谁应该负责任?
—It’s hard to say(it)．这很难说。
(4)动词不定式的省略
—Would you like to come to our party tonight? 今晚你愿意来参加我们的聚会吗?
—Yes，I’d love to(go／come)．是的，我愿意。
(5)主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)的省略
(I’m) Glad to see you．见到你真高兴。
When(he was) rescued，he was almost dead．当(他)获救时，他几乎要死了。
(6)从句的省略
You should do the same(if you were in my position)．你也会这样做的(如果你在我的位置)。
(7)整句的省略
—Are you all right? 你好吗?
—Yes．(I’m all right．)是的。(我很好。)
(8)只保留一个句子成分
—What did you get?你拿了什么?
—A dictionary．一本字典。(只保留宾语)
which引导非限制性定语从句
【原句回放】Over time，a lot of soil has been removed，which has caused serious erosion of the land along the river．
长年累月，大量的泥土被冲走，导致黄河两岸严重的水土流失。
【点拨】which引导非限制性定语从句，此时，which不能用that代替。
Our school building，which was built in 1987，is very beautiful．
我们学校的教学大楼非常漂亮，它是1987年建成的。
易混词
辨析
例句
从句作用
从句位置
词义
I bought my younger sister a big toy，which delighted her greatly．
我给妹妹买了个大玩具，这使她非常高兴。
which
引导的非限制性定语从句对主句进行补充说明，表明事物存在的状态或引起的结果
只能跟在主向后
常译为“这一点，这件事”等
as
引导的非限制性定语从句表示说话人的看法、态度、解释或评论
可置于主句前，也可在主句后的出现
常译为“正如，像，由……可知”
Einstein，as is well known，is a famous scientist．众所周知，爱因斯坦是一位著名的科学家。
It is/was...that/who...强调句型结构
【原句回放】In fact，it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion．
事实上，你才是阻止黄河水土流失最重要的人。
【点拨】 It is/was...that/who...强调句型结构
此强调句式几乎可以强调除谓语以外的其他句子成分，用来加强语气。
He saw Mr. Wang on TV yesterday．他昨天在电视上看到了王先生。
It was he that／who saw Mr. Wang on TV yesterday．
是他昨天在电视上看到了王先生。(强调主语)
It was Mr. Wang that he saw on TV yesterday．
他昨天在电视上看到的是王先生。(强调宾语)
It was yesterday that he saw Mr. Wang on TV．
他是昨天在电视上看到王先生的。(强调时间状语)
It was on TV that he saw Mr. Wang yesterday．
他昨天是在电视上看到王先生的。(强调地点状语．)
学法点拨：①不能用这一结构来强调谓语动词，强调谓语动词用do的适当形式。
He did see Mr. Wang on TV yesterday．他昨天确定在电视上见到王先生了。
②强调疑问词时，疑问词要放在句首。
When was it that they were in prison?他们究竟在什么时候坐过牢？
③强调句的一般疑问句形式。
Was it during the war that the boy’s father died?
误区警示：①如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，用who或that来连接都可以。如果是其他成分，则一律用that来连接。
It is my mother who／that cooks every day．是我妈妈每天做饭。
②使用强调句型时要注意，如果被强调成分是主语，who／that之后的谓语动词应该在人称和数上与原句中的主语保持一致。
It is I who am right．我才是对的。
It is he who is wrong．就是他错了。
③被强调成分若是作主语的代词，用主格，若是作宾语的代词，用宾格。
It was he that helped me yesterday．昨天是他帮助了我。
It was me that he helped yesterday．他昨天帮助的是我。
④被强调部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。
It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about．
他们当时正在谈论他们记忆中的事物和人。
play the/a...role in... 在……中担任……角色，在……中起……作用
He played the role of Lei Feng in the film．在这部电影中他扮演了雷锋这一角色。
Words play a tremendous role in everyday life．话语在日常生活中起着举足轻重的作用。
学法点拨：这一用法与play the/a...part in...一样
He played an important part in the struggle against pollution．在与污染进行的斗争中，他起了重要的作用。
while…
【原句回放】You can listen to your favourite programmes while you are walking round the house or garden!（戴着它）你可以边在房子或花园周围漫步，边听你最喜欢的节目！
【点拨】while conj.
(1)正当……的时候
Please keep the watch for me while I go swimming．我去游泳时，请代我保管这块手表。
(2)虽然；尽管
While I like the colour of the hat，I don’t like its shape．
虽然我喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但我不喜欢它的形状。
(3)(表示对比)而
Some people like coffee，while others like tea．有些人喜欢咖啡，而有些人喜欢茶。
误区警示：①while作“当……时候”解时，不可指时间点（a point of time）。
He was ringing me up when he heard of his younger brother’s arrival．
听说他弟弟到达的消息时，他正给我打电话。（不可用while）
②当从句中的谓语动词是持续性动作时，可以用while，when或as．
③as常用来表示两个动作同时发生，常译为“随着；一边……一边……”。
no + adj.／adv. 的比较级 + than
【原句回放】It is no bigger than a credit card！它（这种相机）和一张信用卡一样小！
【点拨】no bigger than...＝as small as...跟……一样小
no + adj.／adv. 的比较级 + than＝as + adj.／adv. 的反义词 + as，表示“跟……一样不……”，表示两者都否定。
He is no cleverer than his younger brother.＝He is as stupid as his younger brother．
(Neither of them is clever.)他和他弟弟一样都不聪明。
—Is your father any better today? 你父亲今天好些了吗?
—No，he is no better than yesterday．不，他和昨天一样没见好。
【辨析】no more(...)than与not more(...)than
易混词组
辨析
一言辨异
no more(...) then
和……一样不……(两者都否定)；后接数词，表示“至多，仅仅”(强调少)
He worked no more than a week，so he could get not more than 100yuan．他只工作了一个星期，因此他至多能得到100元。
not more(...) than
不比……；没有到……(程度)；后接数词，表示“不多于，不超过”(不强调少，不带感彩)。
find的复合结构
【原句回放】Do you find housework tiring and boring? 你是否觉得家务活又累又烦？
【点拨】 find的复合结构
find + Object(宾语) + Object Complement(宾语补足语：n.／adj.／doing／done／adv.／prep. 短语，to be)
We all find him a very sensible man．我们都发现他是个很有头脑的人。
I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn．我发现习语和有用的短语很难学。
She found a wallet lying on the ground．她发现一个钱包在地上。
They found the street lined with people．他们发现大街两侧都站着人。
误区警示：find后一般不接to do不定式作补足语。
【链接】
(1)find it + adj.／n. + to do sth.／that-clause发现做某事是……
I find it difficult to work here．我发现在这里工作很难。
He found it a difficult matter not to think of these things．他发现不考虑这些事情是一件很难的事。
(2)find oneself...发现自己(处于某种状态)，不自觉地……
She found herself more and more interested in reading．她发现自己对阅读越来越感兴趣。
Dick found himself walking in the direction of the zoo．
迪克发现自己不知不觉地朝动物园的方向走去。
(3)find out + n.／pron.／clause／连接代词或副词+ to do...查明，弄清楚……
Go and find out the truth to report back quickly．立刻查明事实真相回来汇报。
How did you find out that Burns was going to be promoted?你是怎么知道伯恩斯将会得到提升的?
【辨析】find，find out与discover
易混词 (组)
辨析
一言辨异与例句
find
多指偶然发现，碰到；后接名词、代词、复合结构或that从句
I have found the best way to give advice to your children is to find out what they want and then advise them to do it．我发现给孩子提建议的最好办法是先弄明白他们想要什么，然后建议他们去做。
find out
指通过观察、探索发现事实的真相、实情，通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、错误等；一般后接名词、代词或从句
discover
指发现客观事物的存在，发现已存在而不为人所知的事情
Columbus discovered America．哥伦布发现了美洲。
巩固练习
单词拼写（根据汉语意思或首字母 共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1. He is very （实用的，会做事的）—he can make or mend almost anything.
2. The child couldn’t keep his b on his new bicycle.
3. We are all p where all his money goes each week.
4. I am a 6 feet tall.
5. The little boy （表现）with great courage in the face of the gunman.
6. The book （包含）some amusing passages.
7. Big cities have many （娱乐活动）.
8. You must pay for the book in （提前）.
9. In 1951，I （搬走）from the country to the town.
10. The government is （呼吁）to everyone to save water.
11. The railway s showed that the train could pass.
12. Because of his strange clothes，he immediately became the f of attention when he entered the office.
完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
1.The （电灯） is very convenient in our daily life.
2. （如果你方便的话），please post the letter for me.
3.Didn’t you find （他的讲演令人厌倦）？
4.I find the bike （和那辆自行车一样不好）.
5.This e-dictionary is （很容易使用）.
单项填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
1.These books are both interesting and instructive. No wonder they the youth.
A. apply to B. approve of C. appeal to D. attend to
2. The government appealed to the people .
A. to unite B. uniting C. in uniting D. for uniting
3. The price the postage.
A. includes B. contains C. holds D. has
4.The whole book 22 units， four main revisions.
A. contains；including B. includes；containing
C. contains；containing[ D. includes；including
5. Apples water and sugar.
A. include B. contain C. hold D. take
6.—I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
— good.
A. Sound B. Sounded C. Sounding D. Sounds
7.—Did he say anything that to you especially？
—Not really. Actually I slept through his speech.
A. adapted B. attached C. referred D. appealed
8.While going around the city，the visitors admired .
A. the beauty of the whole city B. that the whole city was beauty
C. the whole city its beauty D. the beauty for the whole city
9.—The last one pays the meal.
—Agreed！
A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving
10.I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ？
A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. to be bought
11. Never be ashamed what you don’t understand.
A. of asking about B. to ask about C. to ask D. asking
12.He is rude his uncle，so his father said，“It’s rude you to do things like that.”
A. to；for B. of；to C. to；of D. of；for
13. Parents are always their kids’ education and want to do everything to make sure that their kids get the best.
A. concerned about B. concerning about
C. concerned to D. concerning to
14. I am much concerned that my friend is hurt.
A. to hear B. of hearing C. for hearing D. to hearing
15.The film lasted for 2 hours，but I was to see it out（完成）.
A. determining to wake B. determined to wake
C. determined of waking D. determining of wake
16.I am that you have passed the exams.
A. pleased to hear B. pleasing to hear
C. pleased of hearing D. pleasing of hearing
17.The boy begged his teacher him another chance，for his failure was due to his carelessness this time.
A. to give B. giving C. of giving D. for giving[来
18.—Excuse me，sir，where is Room 301?
—Just a minute. I’ll have Bob you to your room.
A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing
19. Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold
20.—Can I smoke here? —Sorry. We don’t allow here.
A. people smoking B. people smoke
C. to smoke D. smoking
答案与解析：
单词拼写
1 .practical 2.balance 3.puzzled 4.approximately 5.behaved 6.contains
7. amusements 8.advance 9.removed 10.appealing 11.signal 12.focus
完成句子
1.electric light
2. If it is convenient to you
3. his speech boring
4. no better than that one
5. easy to use
单项填空
1.C appeal to吸引。
2.A “号召某人做某事”为appeal to sb.to do sth.。
3.A 句意为“这个价格包括邮资”。
4.A 句意为“整本书包含22个单元，包括4个主要的复习课”。
5.B contain意为“包含”。
6.D 考查省略句。答语为“That sounds good.”的省略形式。
7.D 考查短语辨析。appeal to意为“吸引”。adapt to“适应”；attach to“附着在……上”；refer to“参考，指的是”。
8.A admire为及物动词，其宾语应是一个名词（短语）。
9.C “the last/next/first...”后常接不定式作定语。
10.D 此题要看施动者是谁。
11.B be ashamed to do sth.of sth.羞于（做）某事。
12.C A be rude to B A对B粗鲁；It is rude of sb.to do sth.某人做某事是粗鲁的。
13.A be concerned about关心，挂念。
14.A 此题考查be concerned about sth.／to do sth.结构。
15.B be determined to do sth.决心做某事(表示状态)；determine to do sth.(当时)决定做某事(表示动作)；无C、D两项的形式。
16.A be pleased to hear...很高兴听说……
17.A beg sb.to do sth.祈求某人做某事。
18.A have sb.do sth.使某人做某事。
19.C suggest后面接动词时要用动名词作宾语，A项是动名词的完成式，表示发生在谓语动词suggested之前的一个动作，由句意可知不符合题意，故排除，因而选C。
20.D allow doing sth.允许做某事；allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。故D项正