北师大版高中英语模块4 Unit 10 Money语言点（一）

Unit 10 Money语言点（一）
目标认知
重点词汇
determined，concerned, furniture, appreciate, aware, bargain, enthusiastic, confident, aggressive
ashamed, annoy, comment
重点短语
spend some time(in) doing sth., dream up, ways of doing sth., be/get tired of..., give away, drop out, “be of + n.”
重点句型
“插入语”
where引导定语从句
同位语从句
知识讲解
重点词汇
determined
【原句回放】A lot of people are determined to become a millionaire．许多人一心想成为百万富翁。
【点拨】determined adj.
(1)有决心的；决意的
The government is determined to combat international terrorism．
政府决定同国际恐怖主义作斗争。
He is determined to study harder than before．他决心比以前更加努力地学习。
I left him，determined never to set foot on that soil again．
我离开了他，决心永不再踏上那块土地。
(2)坚定的；果断的
Beneath her charming exterior lies a very determined woman．
在她迷人的外貌下面是一个意志坚定的女人。
【单词积累】
determine v. 决定，决心 determiner n. 限定词
determination n. 决心，决定 determinedly adv. 坚决地，有决心地
【拓展】
determine to do(动作)决定做 be determined to do(状态)决心做
determine on sth．决定某事 determine that...决定，决心……
【辨析】determine与decide
易混词
辨析
例句
determine
指决心做某事而不动摇
We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule．我们已经决定要提前完成这项工作。
decide
指经过询问、研讨或考虑之后，在几种可能的选择中作出决定
She decided to leave here on Sunday instead of Monday．她决定星期日而不是星期一离开这里。
考法提示：对determined的考查切入点有两个：①be determined to do sth. 短语中determined的正确表达形式：②determined作为非谓语动词在句中作状语和定语的用法。
concerned
【原句回放】Some millionaires continue to be concerned about money when they become millionaires．
【点拨】concerned adj. 担心的；忧虑的；感兴趣的；关注的
She is concerned about your safety．她不放心你的安全。
She is most concerned to solve this problem．她很想解决这个问题。
【链接】
concern是concerned的动词、名词形式，其用法也是高考中的热点：
(1)vt. 与……有关，涉及；影响；牵涉(某人)；使某人担忧
This chapter concerns itself with the historical background．
本章旨在讲述历史背景。
These problems concern all of us．这些问题影响到我们所有的人。
The boy’s poor health concerned his parents．
那个男孩健康状况不佳，这使他的父母担忧。
(2)n. 担心，忧虑；关心
Our main concern is that they are not receiving enough help．
我们最担心的是他们一直没有得到足够的帮助。
【拓展】
so／as far as...be concerned关于；至于；就……而言
be concerned about/for担心，挂念 be concerned over/at sth．为某事忧虑
be concerned with sth. 和某事有牵连 concern oneself about关心，挂念
show concern for sb. 关心某人 feel concern about忧虑，挂念
sb.’s concern由某人负责的事
have no concern for...毫不关心……
not sb.’s concern／none of sb.’s concern某人不感兴趣的事；与某人无关的事
【一言辨异】
As far as I am concerned，educators should be concerned about the problem that is concerned with the healthy growth of the children and concern themselves with／in educational cause．依我之见，教育者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并使自己从事／参与教育事业。
concerning prep. 关于
学法点拨：位置不同，意义迥异：the people concerned“有关联的人”；the concerned expression“忧愁的表情”。
furniture
【原句回放】Today he lives in a small dormitory room where there is only second-hand furniture．现在他住着一间小宿舍房间，里面只有二手家具。
【点拨】furniture n. [U](总称)家具
Let’s rearrange the furniture in the room．让我们重新布置一下房间里的家具。
This old table is a valuable piece of furniture．这张旧桌子是一件很珍贵的家具。
I helped him choose the furniture for his house．我帮他挑选他家里用的家具。
【链接】
a piece of clothing=an article of clothing一件衣服
a piece of luggage=an article of luggage一件行李
a piece of jewelry=an article of jewelry一件珠宝
appreciate
【原句回放】But Charles appreciates this change．但是查尔斯喜欢这种改变。
【点拨】appreciate vt.
(1)欣赏，赏识，重视，后面常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语
Children always appreciate small gifts of money．孩子们总是把(大人给的)一点儿钱看得很重。
We all appreciate a holiday after a year of hard work．经过一年辛苦工作之后，我们都能领略假期的乐趣。
(2)感激
常用句式：I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激。
We shall appreciate hearing from you again．能再次收到你的来信，我们将十分感激。
I shall appreciate it if you will do me that favour．若是你肯帮我那个忙，我会非常感激的。
【助记】
[ap-(=ad-)+preci(=price，value)+-ate] v. [根义]估价，了解其真正价值→[多义]评价，欣赏，感激
【单词积累】
appreciation n. 欣赏；赏识；鉴定
appreciative adj. 有欣赏力的；能确认价值的
学法点拨：①表示“感激”时，appreciate + 事/物，而thank + 人。
I deeply appreciate your help. ＝I deeply thank you for your help．
我很感激你的帮助。
②表示“欣赏”时，appreciate指对事物有深入的了解并能鉴赏，enjoy仅指从中得到快乐。
The foreigner enjoys Beijing Opera very much although he does not appreciate it．这个外国人非常爱听京剧，虽然他并不能鉴赏它。
误区警示：appreciate后一般不直接跟if或when引导的从句，而是借用形式宾语it，构成I would appreciate if...句式，意为“如果……的话我将不胜感激！”。
aware
【原句回放】“A few years ago，”says Charles，“I was a millionaire，but was aware there were a lot of hungry people in the world．”查尔斯说：“几年前，我曾是个百万富翁，但我意识到世界上还有许许多多忍饥挨饿的人。”
【点拨】aware adj. 知道的；明白的；意识到的(后接of或that从句)
Everybody should be aware of the risks involved．应该让人人都知道所涉及的风险。
I was aware that she was trembling．我察觉到她在发抖。
【助记】
警告——使警惕、小心，使意识到(危险)
[熟]warn→[根]ware
警惕，小心→[生]beware v. 谨防，当心
意识到→[生]aware adj. 意识到的
【拓展】
be aware of知道，意识到 be aware that知道，意识到
become aware of发觉，注意到
【链接】
与be aware of表达相似含义的短语还有be awake to，be conscious of和be sensible of等。
【单词积累】
awareness n. 觉察；觉悟；意识
bargain
【原句回放】key words(lesson 2)
【点拨】bargain n. & v.
(1)n. 便宜货；协议，交易
These shoes are a bargain at $22．这双鞋才22美元，很便宜。
We’ve made a bargain that he’ll do the shopping and I’ll cook．我们已经讲好了，他买东西我做饭。
(2)v. (和某人就某事)讨价还价，商讨条件
I bargained with her about／over the price．我跟她讨价还价。
【拓展】
bargain with sb. over／about...与某人就……讨价还价
enthusiastic
【原句回放】He feels enthusiastic about music．他对音乐很感兴趣。
【点拨】enthusiastic adj. 热情的，很感兴趣的
【拓展】
be／become enthusiastic about／over／for sth．对某物，某事感兴趣，对某事热心的
feel enthusiastic about sth.＝be interested in sth．对某物／某事感兴趣
have enthusiasm about／for...对……有热情
show enthusiasm about／for...对……表现出热情
【单词积累】
enthusiasm n. 热心，热情 enthusiastically adv．热情地
enthusiast n. 热心者，热衷于……的人
confident
【原句回放】She is confident but not aggressive．她充满信心，但没有冲劲。
【点拨】confident adj. 自信的；确信的
be／feel confident of...
搭配 be／feel confident that... 对……有信心
be／feel confident about...
I’m confident of my success．我相信我将成功。
I’m confident that you’ll get the job．我肯定你能得到那份工作。
I feel quite confident about the future．我对未来很有信心。
【单词积累】
(派)confidence n. 信心
aggressive
【原句回放】She is confident but not aggressive．她充满信心，但没有冲劲。
【点拨】aggressive adj.
(贬义)好争的；好斗的；挑衅的
The men were drunk，aggressive and looking for a fight．
那些人喝醉了，一副挑衅的架势，想找人打架。
Teachers apparently expect a certain amount of aggressive behaviour from boys．
老师看来知道男孩子多少会有一定的攻击性行为。
A good salesperson has to be aggressive in today’s competitive market．
在当今竞争激烈的市场上，一个好的销售员应该有进取精神。
A successful businessman has to be aggressive．成功的实业家要有一股冲劲。
【单词积累】
aggressively adv. 侵略地；有闯劲地 aggressiveness n. 侵略，进取
aggressor n. 侵略者
ashamed
【原句回放】She is not ashamed to say she has not got much money．她并不羞于说她的钱不多。
【点拨】ashamed adj. 感到羞愧的，感到惭愧的
搭配
be ashamed of...一对……感到惭愧
be ashamed to do...以做……为耻
be ashamed for sb. 替某人感到羞愧
be ashamed that...为……而感到惭愧
She was ashamed of having failed in the exam．她因考试不及格而感到羞愧。
I am ashamed to say that I lied to her．我真不好意思说我向她撒了谎。
Bob was ashamed that he had lost his temper．鲍勃因自己发脾气而感到羞愧。
【单词积累】
shame n．遗憾的事；羞愧 shameful adj. 可耻的，不道德的
It is a shame to be so wasteful. 如此浪费太可耻了。
what a shame!真遗憾!
annoy
【原句回放】If the person says “no”，she is annoyed．如果人们说不，她就生气。
【点拨】 annoy vt. 使气愤；使生气
His temper’s been changeable this week，so don’t annoy him．
这星期他脾气变化无常，所以不要惹他生气。
【拓展】
be annoyed with sb. 对某人感到生气
be annoyed at/about sth. 对某事感到恼火
be annoyed to do...因做……而生气
be annoyed by...被……惹恼了
be annoyed that因……而生气
to sb.’s annoyance让某人恼火的是……
【单词积累】
annoyed adj. 生气的；恼怒的
annoyance n. 恼怒，烦恼，烦扰，不高兴；烦恼的事情
annoying adj. 使人不高兴的，恼人的，烦人的
学法点拨：be annoyed后接介词的用法与be angry相同。
如be angry with sb. 生某人的气；be angry at/about sth. 因某事而生气。
comment
【原句回放】Comment on the object. 对物品作出评论。
【点拨】comment vi.，vt. ＆ n.
(1)vi. 评论，发表意见；vt. 评论说……
The teacher refused to comment on the examination result．
老师不肯评价考试成绩。
I won’t comment on what people say．我不会对人们的话发表意见。
John commented that he thought it was time for us to go home．约翰说他认为我们该回家了。
(2)n. 评论，评语，批评
The police chief made no comment about the bomb attack．总长对炸弹袭击事件保持沉默。
【拓展】
comment on／upon...评论……，谈论……，对……提意见
ask for comment征求意见 make comments on／upon sth．评论某事
offer comments提意见 No comment．无可奉告
without comment不必多说；未作解释
重点短语
spend some time(in) doing sth.
【原句回放】They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich，and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich．他们用一半时间梦求致富的办法，用另一半时间来考虑一旦阔绰起来要做些什么令人享受的事。
【点拨】spend some time(in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事
【搭配】
spend time(in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事
spend money(on) doing sth. 花费金钱做某事
spend time／money on sth. 在某事上花费时间／金钱
How much time do you spend practising English every day? 你每天花多少时间练习英语?
I can’t afford to spend any more on food．用在食物上的钱，我不能再多花了。
【链接】
have difficulty／trouble(in) doing sth．
做某事有困难
be busy(in) doing sth．忙于做某事
【助记】
【辨析】spend。cost与take
易混词
辨析
例句
spend
普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人
By the end of the holiday I had spent all my money．到假期结束时，我已经花光了自己所有的钱。
cost
指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式
Painted walls look much more interesting and doesn’t cost much．彩绘墙壁看上去更有趣而且花费也不高。
take
普通用词，指需要占用空间、时间或精力等，其主语可以是人，也可以是一件事情
It may take a long time to find a solution to the problem．也许要花很长时间才能找到解决这个问题的办法。
误区警示：spend some time in doing sth. 中，介词in可以省略。
dream up
【原句回放】They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich，and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich．他们用一半时间梦求致富的办法，用另一半时间来考虑一旦阔绰起来要做些什么令人享受的事。
【点拨】dream up 想出，想象，设想出来
Trust you to dream up a crazy idea like this!你这个人就是会想出这种荒唐的主意来!
【拓展】
dream of/about 梦想，梦见 dream a good dream做一个美梦
dream away one’s time虚度光阴
【助记】
He dreamt a strange dream last night．昨晚他做了一个奇怪的梦。
He dreams of being a pilot．他梦想当一名飞行员。
学法点拨：①dream作及物动词时，其后可跟同源宾语，即dream a dream，类似可接同源宾语的及物动词还有：die，laugh，live，smile，sleep等。
②表示“实现梦想/愿望”的常见表达为：
sb. has realized one’s dream
one’s dream has come true
ways of doing sth.
【原句回放】They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich，and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich．他们用一半时间梦求致富的办法，用另一半时间来考虑一旦阔绰起来要做些什么令人享受的事。
【点拨】ways of doing sth. 做某事的方法(=ways to do sth．)
His way of working out／to work out the problem is very good．他解决问题的办法很好。
【链接】
by the way顺便说一下，附带说说 by way of经，由；通过……的方法
feel one’s way摸索着前进；谨慎行事 in no way决不
no way(俚语)没门儿，决不 on one’s way to... 在某人去……的路上／途中
in this way=by this means=with this method用这种方法
in away在某种程度上，有几分 all the way全程，自始至终，完全地
in the way 妨碍，挡道 lose one’s way迷路
学法点拨：①the way作先行词且其后定语从句中缺少状语时，关系代词可用that，in which，也可以省略关系代词。
I don’t like the way (that/in which) you speak to your father．
我不喜欢你跟你父亲讲话的方式。
②the way作先行词且定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。
be/get tired of...
【原句回放】He was tired of being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing． 他不再想做在世界上许多人一无所有的情况下自己却拥有一切的那种人。
【点拨】be/get tired of... 对……厌烦(指精神上)
I am tired of listening to classical music．我对听古典音乐感到厌烦。
You’ll soon get tired of such kind of person．
不久你会忍受不了这种人的。
【辨析】be tired of...与be tired from...
易混词组
辨析
一言辨异
be tired of...
表示“对……厌倦”
You may be tired from reading，but you should not be tired of it．阅读可能使你疲劳，但你不应该对它感到厌烦。
be tired from
表示“由于……而疲劳”
学法点拨：“对……感到厌烦”的表达方式有be tired of...，be bored with...，be fed up with...，be sick of...等。
give away
【原句回放】He made the choice to give all his money away．
他作出了把他所有的钱捐赠出去的选择．
【点拨】give away
(1)赠送；捐赠；颁发(奖品)
Look through your old clothes and see if you have anything to give away．
翻翻你的旧衣服，看看你有没有可以捐赠的东西。
He gave away immense amounts of money to charities．他把大笔大笔的钱捐给了慈善机构。
(2)泄露(秘密)；暴露(自己的情况)
Please don’t give my secret away! 请别泄露我的秘密!
His broad Liverpool accent gave him away．他那很重的利物浦口音把他的身份泄露了。
Don’t give away to the public when we will start．不要向公众泄露我们出发的日期。
(3)背弃；出卖
I know you didn’t want to give your friend away．
我知道你不想出卖自己的朋友。
学法点拨：give away可指有意或无意地泄露某事或出卖某人，可构成give sb.／sth. away的搭配；而let out指“泄露(秘密等)”，构成let sth. out的搭配，而let sb. out意为“放过某人使其免受某事之累，(尤指不愉快的事)”。
【链接】
give in让步，屈服 give back归还，送回
give off发出(光、热、声音、气味等) give up放弃；投降；停止
give out分发；筋疲力尽；发出(声音、信号等)；发布，发表
考法提示：give away的考点主要是它与give构成的其他短语的辨析，如：give up，give back，give out，give off等。
drop out
【原句回放】Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free．查尔斯·格雷决定退出，他发现仅有少量的钱财可以使人自由。
【点拨】drop out 退出；不再参加；掉队；放弃，离去；退学，辍学
As they marched，a few got sunstroke and dropped out．
行进途中有几个人中暑，退出了。
Luckily，I dropped out before the deal turned sour．幸运的是，在交易变坏前我已退出了。
I can’t understand his dropping out of school．我不理解他为何辍学了。
Bill dropped out of college after his first year．比尔在大学读完第一年后就辍学了。
【拓展】
drop in(拜访) +at+地名
+on+人
drop behind落后，掉队 drop off下降；减退；入睡
drop out of从……中退出 drop away逐渐下降，减少
drop by顺便访问一下
考法提示：drop out的考点是它与drop构成的其他短语的辨析。
“be of + n.”
【原句回放】Something that is of very good value非常有价值的东西
【点拨】“be of + n.”结构
The design for the room was of the fancy style popular in those days．
这个房间的设计是当时流行的极有表现力的建筑式样。
(be of+抽象名词=be+该词的同根形容词)
(2)be of a(n)／the／the same+抽象名词意为“属于，归于”(这类抽象名词 没有相应的形容词形式)
be of the size／weight／height／age／colour／kind／type
Your bag is of a size with mine．的包和我的一样大。
重点句型
“插入语”
【原句回放】But do all millionaires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals? 但是，当所有的百万富翁达到目标后他们都找到期盼的幸福了吗？
【点拨】they thought在此是定语从句中的插入语。
“插入语”是英语中的一种“独立成分”，它同句子的其他部分只有意义上的联系，没有语法上的联系。插入语主要有以下类型：
(1)单词插入语(多为副词)
常作插入语的单词有：though，personally，luckily，fortunately，obviously等。
Luckily，his father’s second wife is kind to him．幸运的是，他父亲的第二任妻子对他很好。
(2)短语插入语
常作插入语的短语有：for example，by the way，in some ways，to tell you the truth，on the contrary，to start with等。
To tell you the truth．I don’t agree to your plan．
说实话，我不同意你的计划。
To start with，we haven’t got the approval．首先，我们没得到批准。
(3)句子插入语
常作插入语的句型有：I suppose，I believe，I think，I wonder，I guess，I’m afraid，I’m sure，I tell you，you know，you think，as far as I know等。
My father bought me a dictionary yesterday，which I think is of great help to me．昨天我父亲给我买了一本词典，我认为它对我很有帮助。
Jack，as far as I know，isn’t so honest as we expected．
据我所知，杰克不像我们预料的那么诚实。
(4)特殊插入语
有些复杂的特殊疑问句，也可认为含有插入语。这种疑问句(也称为“混合疑问句”或“连锁疑问句”)常用来征询对某一疑问点的看法、判断、认识或请求，口语中出现的频率极高。常用的动词有：think，suppose，guess，believe，imagine，say等。
When do you expect he will come back? 你预计他什么时候会回来?
Who do you guess has taken the book? 你认为是谁拿走了那本书?
where引导定语从句
【原句回放】Today he lives in a small dormitory room where there is only second-hand furniture．现在他住着一间小宿舍房间，里面只有二手家具。
【点拨】where引导的是一个定语从句，修饰a small dormitory room。
where引导定语从句
where在引导定语从句时指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词为place，room，factory等表示地点的名词。
He helps his father on the small farm where they live．
他在他们所住的小农场帮他父亲干活。
学法点拨：①先行词是place，room，factory等时，引导定语从句的关系词不一定都是where，关键是看从句的需要。
This is the factory where my father once worked．这是我父亲曾经工作过的那家工厂。（work为不及物动词，不需要跟宾语，where在从句中作状语）
This is the factory（which/that）we visited last year．这是我们去年参观过的那家工厂。（visit为及物动词，其后需要跟宾语，which/that作其宾语，which/that可省略）
②当定语从句先行词为case，point，situation，stage等抽象名词且先行词在从句中作状语时，其定语从句引导词常用where。
同位语从句
【原句回放】There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man! 当然没有迹象表明查尔斯曾经是个富人！
【点拨】这是一个含有同位语从句的主从复合句。其中that Charles was a rich man为同位语从句。
同位语从句 多出现在fact，news，idea，doubt，thought，question，reply，promise，truth，report，remark等名词的后面。引导同位语从句的关联词有：连接词that，whether等；连接代词who，what，which等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。
They were delighted at the news that their team had won．当听到他们队赢了的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。
We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time．
我们将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。
I have no idea what has happened to him．我不知道他发生了什么事。
He had no idea why she left．他不知道她为什么离开。
【辨析】that引导的同位语从句与定语从句
从句
意义不同
功能不同
例句
同位语从句
对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，表示该名词的具体内容
that为连接词，在从句中不充当成分，也不可以省略
The news that he lost the match was disappointing．他输掉比赛的消息令人失望。
定语从句
修饰或限制前面的名词
that为关系代词，在从句中充当成分，作宾语时可以省略
The news that you told me yesterday was disappointing．你昨天告诉我的那条消息令人失望。
巩固练习
单词拼写（根据汉语或首字母 共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
1.This jacket is a real b at such a low price.
2.It’s not polite to be （好争吵的）with customers.
3.He made a （评论）about the bad road.
4.He is 热情的）about the subject though he doesn’t know much.
5.I am （决心）to go and nothing can stop me.
6.We’re rather c about father’s health..
7.We were quite a （of）how you would respond to our terms.
短语翻译（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1.赠送给，泄露
2.退出，退学
3.决定/决心做某事
4.关心，挂念
5.背对；拒绝
6.make a choice
7.be tired of
8.dream up
9.achieve one’s goals
10.be pleased to do sth.
完成句子（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1.她担忧着她儿子的将来。
She herself her son’s future.
2.他开始考虑他将做什么。
He began to what he would do.
3.你最好弄明白什么时候在哪里开会。
You’d better when and where the meeting will be held.
4.他努力学习以便能通过考试。
He studied hard he could pass the exam.
5.“你会给我那些钱吗？” “没门儿！”
—Are you going to give me that money?
!
单项填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
1. for your spelling mistakes！
A. Look out B. Be careful C. Take care D. Look up
2.Nobody knew when the fire ，but they knew it the next morning.
A. broke out；was put out B. was broken out；was put out
C. broke out；put out D. was broken out；went out
3.I’m sure David will be able to find the library—he has a pretty good of direction.
A. idea B. feeling C. experience D. sense
4.Lucy has all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.[
A. acquired B. finished C. concluded D. achieved[来
5.E-mail，as well as telephones， an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
6.“I have company now，please wait for while” the manager said to her.
A. a；a B. the；a C./；/ D./；a
7.Don’t stay out in the sun for long. You can’t be careful.
A. very B. quite C. too D. rather
8.Even though the old is very wealthy，he is very careful his money.
A. on B. about C. of D. with
9.—How did you find your visit to Qingdao，Joanna？
— .
A. Oh，wonderful indeed B.I went there alone
C. First by train and then by ship D.A guide showed me the way
10.Father for London on business upon my arrival，so I didn’t see him.
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
答案与解析
单词拼写
1.bargain 2.aggressive 3.comment 4.enthusiastic5.determined 6.concerned 7.aware
短语翻译
1.give away 2.drop out 3.be determined to do sth. 4.be concerned about 5.turn one’s back on
6.做出选择 7.厌倦 8.凭空想出，虚构出 9.实现某人的目标 10.做某事很高兴
完成句子
1.concerns,about 2.think about 3.make sure 4.so that 5.No way
单项填空
1.A 表示“警惕/留心某事”时，look out和介词for搭配，而be careful和with搭配。
2.A 表示“火灾爆发”时，break out为不及物动词短语，无被动形式；表示“大火被扑灭”时，put out与fire之间是动宾关系，故需要用被动形式。
3.D a sense of direction指“方向感”。
4.D 句意为“露西在高中已经实现了她为自己制订的所有目标，并准备在大学迎接新的挑战”。achieve one’s goal/aim“实现某人的目标”。
5.A e-mail为单数，谓语动词用is。
6. D company当“客人”讲时，为不可数名词；for a while “一会儿”，为固定搭配。
7. C “can not （never）+...+too+ adj./adv.”结构表示“再……也不过分”。
8. D be careful with意为“对……仔细”。
9. A How do you find...?为固定句型，意为“你认为……怎么样？”，常用于询问对某人/某事的看法，A项符合题意。
10.D 由后半句中的didn’t可知，选项应用过去时态，排除A；而离开的动作应发生在“到达”之前，故需用过去完成时。