北师大版高中英语模块4 Unit 11 The media 动名词
文档属性
| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语模块4 Unit 11 The media 动名词 |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 26.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-11-10 20:38:37 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
语法：动名词
概念引入：
1.Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康
2. He was arrested for smuggling. 他因走私而被捕。
3. It is polite to knock before entering a room. 进入房间之前敲门是一种礼貌
4. He narrowly escaped being run over .他差点被车压了。
语法讲解：
动名词的概念：
动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式。动名词由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1）作主语。如：
Seeing is believing.
Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.
It is no use arguing with him.
注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：
Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）
To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具体动作）
但在It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless等后常用动名词间或用不定式。
2）作表语。如：
Her job is teaching.
3）作宾语。如：
He is fond of playing football.
I like swimming.
admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel， like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，can’t help（情不自禁），can’t stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。
②forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）
Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）
I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）
I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）
I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）
I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）
Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）
He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）
I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）
③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
④动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
Her method is worth trying.
⑤在短语devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，there’s no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
⑥在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。
⑦start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：
It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.
⑧在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。
4）作定语。例如：
He has a reading room.
动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，用普通格。如：
His coming made me very happy.
Mary’s crying annoyed him.
She didn’t mind his crying.
Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning.?He insists on the plan being carried out.
动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词所表示的动作以前发生，用动名词的一般式。如：
We are interested in playing chess.
His coming will be of great help to us.
如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。如：
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
在某些动词或词组后，常用动名词的一般形式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的。如：Excuse me for coming late.
主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态。被动语态由“being + 过去分词”或“having been + 过去分词”构成。后一种一般很少使用，以免使句子显得累赘。如：
He likes being helped.
He was afraid of being left at home.
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.
巩固练习
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．I like her，but I don't like____（she，sing）．
2．—When did you go to Shanghai？
?? —I remember____（take）there when I was a child．
3．—Sorry，but I'll have to keep you waiting?for some time．
?? —That's all right．I don't mind ____（keep）waiting．
4．I'm sorry I missed____（see）you while?I was in Beijing last month．
5．She must be looking forward as much as I to____（see）him．
6．We should keep on____（practise，speak）English every day to improve our spoken English．
7．I feel like____（take）a long walk．Would you like____（go）with me？
8．He was in low spirits and even considered____（go）away．
9．I could not imagine that____（be）possible．
10．Most people prefer____（spend）money to____（earn）it．
11．This problem demands____（look into）．
12．A child can't learn____（spell）without____（be）helped．
13．I know you will pardon____（I，say）so，but you keep____（give）us many words____（spell）in English．
14．I remember____（allow）them____（play）in my garden without first____（ask）for permission．
15．I should like him____（start）（take）more English lessons in the future．
16．On____（arrive）at the village he found four tractors working in the fields．
17．He is proud of____（his son，win）the Nobel Prize．
18．There is no____（know）what the weather will be like．
19．____（read）aloud in the reading room is a bad habit．
20．It's a waste of time____（argue）with him．
将下列句子译成英语：
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.
2.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.
3.你写完作文了吗?
4.请原谅我来晚了.
5.他不声不响地走了进来.
6.他走进来了, 没有被看见.
单项选择：
1. _____ wealthy people with the business tax instead of the individual income tax weakens government efforts _____ the wealth gap.
A．Taxing, closing
B．Taxing, to close
C．Tax, to close
D．Having taxed, closing
2． _________ computer games made his mother worried.
A．That the child was addicted to play
B．The child’s being addicted to playing
C．The child’s being addicted to play
D．What the child addicted to playing
3. – What a heavy rain! – So it is. We have to delay ______ the sports meeting until it is fine.
A．to hold
B．holding
C．held
D．being held
4. --Can I smoke here? --Sorry, we don’t allow __________ here.
A．people smoke
B．to smoke
C．people smoking
D．smoking
5. He is a foreigner and he is not accustomed _______like that while he is tn China．
A．treating
B．to be treated
C．to being treated
D．to treat
6. — You look upset. What is the matter ? — I lost my handbag _______ my ID card and a lot of cash.
A．including
B．containing
C．included
D．contained
7. ________ abroad for a tour can be a great honor for an ordinary person like me.
A．Taking
B．Taken
C．Being taken
D．Having been taken
8. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he _____ English.
A．could learning
B．learned
C．to learn
D．could learn
9. ???????twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
A．Examining
B．Examined
C．Being examined
D．Having been examined
10. After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod.
A．to attack; hit
B．to be attacked; to be hit
C．attacking; hitting
D．having been attacked; hit
答案解析：
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．her singing 2．having been taken／being taken 3．being kept 4．seeing 5．seeing 6．practising speaking 7．taking，to go 8．going 9．being 10．spending，earning 11．looking into／to be looked into 12．spelling，being 13．my／me saying，giving，to spell 14．allowing，to play，asking 15．to start，to take 16．arriving 17．his son／son's having won 18．knowing 19．Reading 20．arguing
将下列句子译成英语：
1.My favorite sport is swimming.
2.It's no use going there today. He won't be in；(can't be in).
3.Have you finished writing your composition?
4.Excuse me for being；(coming)；late.
5.He entered the room without making any noise.
6.He entered the room without being seen.
单项选择：
答案： B 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做主语和不定式用法。本题第一空的Taxing wealthy people with the business tax instead of the individual income tax在句中做主语。第二空的不定式to close the wealth gap是对名词efforts的修饰限定。句意：征收富人的商业税而不是个人所得税削弱了政府减少贫富差距的努力。故B正确。
答案： B 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做主语：句意：这个孩子沉迷于电脑游戏使妈妈很担心。Made是谓语动词，前面的内容是主语，用逻辑主语The child’s+动名词 being addicted to playing 做主语。Be addicted to里面的to是介词后面接动名词，选B。
答案： B? 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做宾语，delay后面用动名词做宾语，表示“推迟做…”,句意：--多大的雨啊！--是的，我们只好把运动会推迟到天好了。选B。
答案： D 解析： 试题分析：句意：--我可以在这里吸烟吗？--对不起，我们不允许在这里吸烟。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事；allow doing允许做某事，故选D。
答案： C 解析： 试题分析：句意：他是外国人当他在中国时他不习惯于像那样的被对待。这里be accustomed to+动名词或代词，又因为he 与treat之间是被动关系，故选C。
答案： B 解析： 试题分析：句意：--你看起来很不安，怎么啦？--我把手提包丢了，里面有身份证和一些现金。include包括；contain装有。这里handbag与contain之间是主动关系，故用B。
答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做主语，这句话的谓语是can be，所以前面的是主语，an ordinary person和take是被动关系，用动名词的被动做主语，选C。
答案： A 解析： 试题分析：考查固定句式：这题用到两个固定句式：as much as sb can/could do尽可能做：spent sometime doing sth.花时间做…,其次分析结构he spent time learning English为主干，as much as he could做插入部分，加起来Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he could learning English选A.
答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做句子的主语。句意：无论是汽车，公交车还是卡车，两年被检查一次是这个城市里所以的司机都要遵守的规则。本题中的being examined是一个动名词的被动形式做句子的主语。故D项正确。
答案： D 解析： 试题分析：考查非谓语动词：句意：等他清醒后，他记起来自己被袭击了，被人用棒子打在脑袋上。Remember to do表示记得要做的事，remember doing/having done表示记得已发生的，这里他记起的是已发生的事，所以用动名词的完成式；因为他是被袭击，所以用被动语态。第二空填hit是having been hit的省略，所以选D。
概念引入：
1.Taking exercise every morning helps make one healthy.
每天早晨做运动有助于人的健康
2. He was arrested for smuggling. 他因走私而被捕。
3. It is polite to knock before entering a room. 进入房间之前敲门是一种礼貌
4. He narrowly escaped being run over .他差点被车压了。
语法讲解：
动名词的概念：
动名词由动词原形+ING构成,是一种非谓语动词形式。动名词由动词 + ing构成，否定形式为not doing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
1）作主语。如：
Seeing is believing.
Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.
It is no use arguing with him.
注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：
Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火）
To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具体动作）
但在It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless等后常用动名词间或用不定式。
2）作表语。如：
Her job is teaching.
3）作宾语。如：
He is fond of playing football.
I like swimming.
admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel， like，finish，forgive，give up，imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist，risk，suggest，can’t help（情不自禁），can’t stand（无法忍受）等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。
②forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。
Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. （让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。）
Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. （让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。）
I remember doing the exercise. （我记得做过练习。）
I must remember to do it. （我必须记着做这事。）
I tried not to go there. （我设法不去那里。）
I tried doing it again. （我试着又干了一次。）
Stop speaking. （不要讲话。）
He stopped to talk. （他停下来讲话。）
I mean to come early today. （我打算今天早些来。）
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
（误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。）
③在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
④动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做，这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如：
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
Her method is worth trying.
⑤在短语devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be(kept) busy，have difficulty/trouble/problem(in)，have a good/wonderful/hard time(in)，there’s no use/good/need，feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式，例如：
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
⑥在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。
⑦start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。
但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语：当主语是物而不是人时；当start或begin以-ing形式出现时，当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如：
It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.
⑧在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。
4）作定语。例如：
He has a reading room.
动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语，其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，用普通格。如：
His coming made me very happy.
Mary’s crying annoyed him.
She didn’t mind his crying.
Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning.?He insists on the plan being carried out.
动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种，如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词所表示的动作以前发生，用动名词的一般式。如：
We are interested in playing chess.
His coming will be of great help to us.
如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成时态。如：
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
在某些动词或词组后，常用动名词的一般形式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的。如：Excuse me for coming late.
主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时，动名词用被动语态。被动语态由“being + 过去分词”或“having been + 过去分词”构成。后一种一般很少使用，以免使句子显得累赘。如：
He likes being helped.
He was afraid of being left at home.
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.
巩固练习
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．I like her，but I don't like____（she，sing）．
2．—When did you go to Shanghai？
?? —I remember____（take）there when I was a child．
3．—Sorry，but I'll have to keep you waiting?for some time．
?? —That's all right．I don't mind ____（keep）waiting．
4．I'm sorry I missed____（see）you while?I was in Beijing last month．
5．She must be looking forward as much as I to____（see）him．
6．We should keep on____（practise，speak）English every day to improve our spoken English．
7．I feel like____（take）a long walk．Would you like____（go）with me？
8．He was in low spirits and even considered____（go）away．
9．I could not imagine that____（be）possible．
10．Most people prefer____（spend）money to____（earn）it．
11．This problem demands____（look into）．
12．A child can't learn____（spell）without____（be）helped．
13．I know you will pardon____（I，say）so，but you keep____（give）us many words____（spell）in English．
14．I remember____（allow）them____（play）in my garden without first____（ask）for permission．
15．I should like him____（start）（take）more English lessons in the future．
16．On____（arrive）at the village he found four tractors working in the fields．
17．He is proud of____（his son，win）the Nobel Prize．
18．There is no____（know）what the weather will be like．
19．____（read）aloud in the reading room is a bad habit．
20．It's a waste of time____（argue）with him．
将下列句子译成英语：
1.我最喜欢的运动是游泳.
2.今天去没有用, 他不会在家.
3.你写完作文了吗?
4.请原谅我来晚了.
5.他不声不响地走了进来.
6.他走进来了, 没有被看见.
单项选择：
1. _____ wealthy people with the business tax instead of the individual income tax weakens government efforts _____ the wealth gap.
A．Taxing, closing
B．Taxing, to close
C．Tax, to close
D．Having taxed, closing
2． _________ computer games made his mother worried.
A．That the child was addicted to play
B．The child’s being addicted to playing
C．The child’s being addicted to play
D．What the child addicted to playing
3. – What a heavy rain! – So it is. We have to delay ______ the sports meeting until it is fine.
A．to hold
B．holding
C．held
D．being held
4. --Can I smoke here? --Sorry, we don’t allow __________ here.
A．people smoke
B．to smoke
C．people smoking
D．smoking
5. He is a foreigner and he is not accustomed _______like that while he is tn China．
A．treating
B．to be treated
C．to being treated
D．to treat
6. — You look upset. What is the matter ? — I lost my handbag _______ my ID card and a lot of cash.
A．including
B．containing
C．included
D．contained
7. ________ abroad for a tour can be a great honor for an ordinary person like me.
A．Taking
B．Taken
C．Being taken
D．Having been taken
8. Before he went abroad，he spent as much time as he _____ English.
A．could learning
B．learned
C．to learn
D．could learn
9. ???????twice a year, whether it is a car or a bus or a truck, is the rule that every driver must obey in this city.
A．Examining
B．Examined
C．Being examined
D．Having been examined
10. After he became conscious, he remembered ____ and ____ on the head with a rod.
A．to attack; hit
B．to be attacked; to be hit
C．attacking; hitting
D．having been attacked; hit
答案解析：
用所给词的正确形式填空。
1．her singing 2．having been taken／being taken 3．being kept 4．seeing 5．seeing 6．practising speaking 7．taking，to go 8．going 9．being 10．spending，earning 11．looking into／to be looked into 12．spelling，being 13．my／me saying，giving，to spell 14．allowing，to play，asking 15．to start，to take 16．arriving 17．his son／son's having won 18．knowing 19．Reading 20．arguing
将下列句子译成英语：
1.My favorite sport is swimming.
2.It's no use going there today. He won't be in；(can't be in).
3.Have you finished writing your composition?
4.Excuse me for being；(coming)；late.
5.He entered the room without making any noise.
6.He entered the room without being seen.
单项选择：
答案： B 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做主语和不定式用法。本题第一空的Taxing wealthy people with the business tax instead of the individual income tax在句中做主语。第二空的不定式to close the wealth gap是对名词efforts的修饰限定。句意：征收富人的商业税而不是个人所得税削弱了政府减少贫富差距的努力。故B正确。
答案： B 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做主语：句意：这个孩子沉迷于电脑游戏使妈妈很担心。Made是谓语动词，前面的内容是主语，用逻辑主语The child’s+动名词 being addicted to playing 做主语。Be addicted to里面的to是介词后面接动名词，选B。
答案： B? 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做宾语，delay后面用动名词做宾语，表示“推迟做…”,句意：--多大的雨啊！--是的，我们只好把运动会推迟到天好了。选B。
答案： D 解析： 试题分析：句意：--我可以在这里吸烟吗？--对不起，我们不允许在这里吸烟。allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事；allow doing允许做某事，故选D。
答案： C 解析： 试题分析：句意：他是外国人当他在中国时他不习惯于像那样的被对待。这里be accustomed to+动名词或代词，又因为he 与treat之间是被动关系，故选C。
答案： B 解析： 试题分析：句意：--你看起来很不安，怎么啦？--我把手提包丢了，里面有身份证和一些现金。include包括；contain装有。这里handbag与contain之间是主动关系，故用B。
答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做主语，这句话的谓语是can be，所以前面的是主语，an ordinary person和take是被动关系，用动名词的被动做主语，选C。
答案： A 解析： 试题分析：考查固定句式：这题用到两个固定句式：as much as sb can/could do尽可能做：spent sometime doing sth.花时间做…,其次分析结构he spent time learning English为主干，as much as he could做插入部分，加起来Before he went abroad, he spent as much time as he could learning English选A.
答案： C 解析： 试题分析：考查动名词做句子的主语。句意：无论是汽车，公交车还是卡车，两年被检查一次是这个城市里所以的司机都要遵守的规则。本题中的being examined是一个动名词的被动形式做句子的主语。故D项正确。
答案： D 解析： 试题分析：考查非谓语动词：句意：等他清醒后，他记起来自己被袭击了，被人用棒子打在脑袋上。Remember to do表示记得要做的事，remember doing/having done表示记得已发生的，这里他记起的是已发生的事，所以用动名词的完成式；因为他是被袭击，所以用被动语态。第二空填hit是having been hit的省略，所以选D。