北师大版高中英语模块4 Unit 11 The media 语言点（二）

Unit 11 The media语言点（二）
目标认知
重点词汇
locate, suitable, apply, boom, combine, suggest, approach, scene, conclude, innocent, consideration, affect, promise, interrupt, wonder, load
重点短语
consist of , because of , stand out, according to, as long as(＝so long as), keep (...) away from
in the way, help sb. out, stop doing sth., go ahead (with sth.), in one’s opinion, no matter what
重点句型
宾语从句的各种形式
过去完成进行时
It is／was…+that从句
现在完成进行时
知识讲解
重点词汇
locate
【原句回放】For example，it could be“Shanghai Sewing Machine”，or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”，and you would know what the companies sell，where they are located，and the brand names．例如，一则广告可能是“上海缝纫机厂”或“青岛啤酒厂”，你一看就知道它们卖什么，位置在哪里，是什么牌子。
locate vt. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)
Please locate that city on the map．请在地图上找出那座城市的位置。
The company located its branch office in the suburbs．该公司把它的分公司设在郊区。
【拓展】
located
be in／on=lie in／at／on坐落于，位于
situated
The museum is located on Center Street．博物馆位于中心大街。
【单词积累】
location n. 位置，场所 located adj. 位于，坐落在
suitable
【原句回放】However，this kind of advertising might not be suitable when there are products and services in direct competition with each other in the market place．然而，当产品和服务在市场上互相进行直接竞争时，这种广告可能就不适合了。
【点拨】suitable adj. 适合的(作表语)；合适的，恰当的(作定语)
搭配：be suitable for...适合于……
He is not suitable for the job．他不适合做这份工作。
He is the most suitable man for the job．他是做这项工作最合适的人。
in competition with 与……竞争
They were in competition with each other for the prize．他们为了得奖互相竞争。
【拓展】
enter a competition参加比赛 hold a competition举行竞赛
【单词积累】
compete v. 比赛；竞争 competitive adj. 竞争的；比赛的
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
apply
【原句回放】As present-day advertisers often have large budgets，a lot of money is spent on applying modern techniques of design to make these advertisements as visually as possible．当今的广告商常常拥有大量的资金，所以他们把许多钱用在现代设计技术上，以使广告在视觉上尽可能地吸引人。
【点拨】apply v.
(1)vt. 使(法律等)实施或生效；运用
The rules of safe driving apply to everyone．安全驾驶之规则适用于每个人。
(2)vt. 贴；敷；涂
The nurse applied the ointment to the wound．护士把药膏敷到伤口上。
(3)vi. 申请；请求
You have to apply for a passport in advance．你必须提前申请护照。
【单词积累】
(派)application n. 申请；申请书 applicant n. 申请人，应征者
【拓展】
apply(to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物
apply oneself to (doing) sth．专心致力于某事，专心做某事
apply sth. to sth. 运用／应用某物到某物上 apply to适用于……
apply one’s mind to...专心于……
It’s difficult to apply oneself to a boring task．致力于令人厌烦的任务是困难的。
What you’ve said doesn’t apply to me．你所说的并不适合我。
boom
【原句回放】Because of the advertising boom，people are used to seeing high standards of visual design．由于广告的繁荣，人们已习惯于看到高水准的视觉设计。
【点拨】boom n. & v.
(1)n. 低沉声；繁荣，兴旺；激增
These are boom times for voluntary organizations．这是志愿组织兴起的时期。
It’s a boom year this year．今年是繁荣昌盛的一年。
(2)v. 发出低沉声；急速增长
The tower clock boomed out twelve．塔楼上的大钟沉重地敲了十二下。
Business is booming．商业正日趋繁荣。
combine
【原句回放】Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive．现代广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。
【点拨】combine v. 结合，联合；n. 联合企业或团体；联合收割机
The two old schools are to combine to form one big new school．
这两所旧学校将合并组成一所新的大学校。
【单词积累】
combination n. 联合(体)，结合，联盟
【拓展】
combine...with...把……与……结合在一起
combine against为反对……而联合
in combination在联合中，联合起来
in combination with...与……结合，与……相连
suggest
【原句回放】For example，some advertisements may suggest that buying a car can make you free．例如，有些广告示意买车会使你自由。
【点拨】suggest v.
(1)暗示；显出
His yawns suggested that he was sleepy．他哈欠连天表明他困了。
(2)提议；提出；建议
搭配
suggest sth．to sb．向某人建议某事
suggest doing sth．建议做某事
suggest one’s doing sth. 建议某人做某事
suggest (that) sb. (should) do... 建议某人做……(从句用虚拟语气)
I suggest our going to the park on Sunday．我建议我们星期天去公园。
I suggest that we should deal with it immediately．我建议我们马上处理这件事。
【一言辨异】
Her pale face suggested that she was ill，and her mother suggested that she (should) have a medical examination．她苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她母亲建议她做一下医疗检查。
approach
【原句回放】For many of today’s advertisers，repeating old ideas is not a successful approach．对当今很多广告商来说，重复旧的理念已不是有效的办法。
【点拨】approach n. & v.
(1)n. 方法；通路，入口，途径；接近
I like her approach to the problem．我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。
Our approach drove away the wild animals．我们一走近，野兽全都跑开了。
(2)v. 接近，走近，靠近；数量(或质量)上接近；处理
As they approached the wood a rabbit ran out of the trees．
他们走近树林的时候，一只兔子从树丛里跑了出来。
Our vacation is approaching and we still can’t decide where to go．
我们的假期日益临近，可我们仍定不下来去哪儿。
Workers，above all，will know how to approach the problem correctly．
工人们最懂得怎样正确地处理这个问题。
【单词积累】
approaching adj. 侵入的，接近的
approachable adj. 可接近的；易亲近的
【拓展】
approach sb. on／upon sth. 为某事与某人打交道
make approaches to...与……接洽：对……进行探讨
approach to...……的方法 at the approach of在……接近的时候
with the approach of...随着……的来临
The scientists are making a scientific approach to the subject．
科学家们正在对这个问题进行科学探讨。
scene
【原句回放】People were asked to comment on scenes from films like Pulp Fiction，TV series like Channel 4’s Brookside and cartoons like South Park．人们被要求对如电影《低俗小说》、第4 频道的电视连续剧《小溪边》，以及动画片《南方公园》之类的场景进行评论。
【点拨】scene n. 场面，片段，镜头；事件，情景
The first scene of the play is the king’s palace．剧中的第一个场景是皇宫。
She witnessed some very distressing scenes．她目睹过一些令人非常痛苦的场面。
【拓展】
on the scene当场，在现场，在台上演出
behind the scenes幕后，不公开，暗中
steal the scene抢镜头
conclude
【原句回放】Leeds University concluded that people made a distinction between bad language used in programmes for adults，and those meant for children．利兹大学得出结论，人们对成年人节目和儿童节目中使用的不良语言是有区分的。
【点拨】conclude v.
(1)vt. 推断出，得出结论
The enquiry concluded that the accident had been caused by human error．
调查结论认为这次事故是人为失误造成的。
(2)vt. & vi. (使)(某事物)结束，终止
We concluded our meeting at 9 o’clock．我们九点钟结束了会议。
(3)vt. 达成；议定；缔结(条约等)
Is it possible to conclude the contract this month?本月内能签合同吗?
【助记】
[规则][动]conclude→[名]conclusion
[类例][动]include→[名]inclusion [动]exclude→[名]exclusion
【单词积累】
innocent
【原句回放】We have always tried to keep bad language away from innocent ears and this is a very important consideration when deciding at what times of day certain programmes are shown．我们一直努力使天真的儿童远离不良语言，在决定每天什么时段播放某些节目时，这是一个非常重要的考虑因素。
【点拨】innocent adj.
(1)天真无邪的，纯真的
He is an innocent boy．他是个天真无邪的男孩。
(2)无辜的，清白的，无罪的
He declared that he was innocent．他声称自己是无辜的。
【拓展】
be innocent of...没有……罪 be guilty of...有……罪
consideration
【原句回放】We have always tried to keep bad language away from innocent ears and this is a very important consideration when deciding at what times of day certain programmes are shown．我们一直努力使天真的儿童远离不良语言，在决定每天什么时段播放某些节目时，这是一个非常重要的考虑因素。
【点拨】consideration n. 考虑，斟酌；(作计划或决定时)必须考虑的事
The question needs careful consideration．这个问题需要仔细考虑。
【单词积累】
considerate adj. 体贴的，体谅的 considerable adj. 相当多的，相当大的
considering prep. 鉴于；考虑到
【拓展】
have consideration for...为……着想
have sth. out of consideration对某事不予考虑，忽视某事
take...into consideration把……考虑在内 under consideration在考虑中
out of consideration for...出于对……的考虑 in consideration of...考虑到，顾及
affect
【原句回放】No matter what the government says，it is clear that the airport will also affect our health．不管政府说什么，显然机场还是会对我们的健康产生影响。
【点拨】affect (1)影响
A sudden change in weather may affect the crops．天气的突然变化可能会影响庄稼。
(2)(疾病)侵袭(某人／某物)；感染
The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight．该病开始侵袭她的视力。
(3)使(某人)有悲伤或同情的感觉；感动
His death affected us deeply．他的死使我们很感伤。
She was deeply affected by the sad story．她被那个悲伤的故事深深地打动了。
(4)假装
She affected a calmness she did not feel．她强装镇静。
【单词积累】
affecting adj. 动人的，感人的 affected adj. 不自然的，做作的
affection n. 喜爱，钟爱 affectation n．做作，假装
【拓展】
【辨析】affect，effect与influence
易混词
辨析
一言辨异与例句
affect
指“产生的影响足以引起反应”，着重“影响”的动作，有时含有“对……产生不利影响”的意思
They are determined to effect their plan though it has been much affected by the present conditions．他们决定实施他们的计划，虽然目前的条件对此不利。
effect
指“实现”“达成”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果
influence
指“通过说服、举例等对行动、思想、性格等产生不易觉察到的、潜移默化的影响”
My father influenced me to accept the idea．在我父亲的影响下我接受了这个观点。
promise
【原句回放】Problems will increase even though the government has promised us a new hospital．尽管政府答应我们建一新医院，但问题还是会增加。
【点拨】promise v. & n.
(1)vt. & vt. 许诺
搭配
promise(sb.) sth. (向某人)许诺桌事
promise(sb.) to do sth．(向某人)许诺做某事
promise that...许诺……
He promised me the book．他答应给我那本书。
He promised to help us．他答应要帮助我们。
I promise that I’ll study harder．我保证以后更努力地学习。
(2)vt. 使(某事物)很有可能
He promises to be a lawyer．他有望成为一名律师。
(3)v. 预示
There were dark clouds overhead promising rain．天上乌云密布，预示就要下雨。
(4)n. 诺言，承诺
搭配
keep a promise遵守诺言
carry out a promise履行诺言
break a promise违背诺言
make a promise许诺
I’ll keep my promise in any event．无论如何我都会遵守诺言。
【单词积累】
(派)promising adj. 有出息的，有希望的
【一言辨异】
Father promised me to buy a new bike but he didn’t permit me to do it myself．
父亲答应我买一辆新自行车，但他不允许我自己去买。
interrupt
【原句回放】Can I interrupt a moment? 我可以打断一会儿吗？
【点拨】interrupt v. 插嘴，打扰，使中断
It’s not polite to interrupt a speaker．打断人的讲话是不礼貌的。
【辨析】interrupt与disturb
易混词
辨析
例句
interrupt
“打断，中断”，常指打断别人的谈话
Don’t interrupt me，children．孩子们，别打断我的话。
disturb
含有“骚扰，使不安”的意思，尤其是指妨碍正在发生的事，还可指打扰睡眠、休息、工作等
He looks tired，and I don’t want to disturb him．他看来很累，我不想打扰他。
wonder
【原句回放】For many years，people have been wondering why they refuse to change their size．
许多年来，人们一直纳闷他们为什么拒绝改变大小。
【点拨】wonder v. & n.
(1)v. 觉得好奇；想知道
1 wonder when George will arrive．我不知道乔治什么时候来。
(2)n. [U]惊讶；惊奇
There is a look of wonder in his eyes．他眼中露出惊奇的神色。
(3)n. [C]奇迹，奇观，奇事
The Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders of the world．
科罗拉多大峡谷是世界自然奇观之一。
【拓展】
in wonder惊奇地 work wonders产生奇迹，有惊人的效果
no wonder怪不得，难怪 do wonders创造奇迹
It is no wonder that...=No wonder that...难怪……
【一言辨异】
He was wandering around the pyramid，wondering how on earth this wonder was built．
他在金字塔四周徘徊，想知道这座奇观究竟是怎样建成的。
load
【原句回放】The greengrocer’s truck had been carrying a load of fresh strawberries．
蔬菜水果店的卡车装了一车新鲜的草莓。
【点拨】load n. & vt.
(1)n. 负荷，负载；工作量
The boat received a heavy load．这船负有重载。
Measures have been taken to lighten the load of students．已经采取措施减轻学生的负担。
(2)vt. 装上，装入
They are loading the boat with coal．他们正把煤装上船。
【助记】图解“load”一词多义：
【拓展】
take a load off one’s mind解除某人的思想负担 loads of大量，许多
with a full load满载 be loaded with装载着……
重点短语
consist of
【原句回放】Some advertisements consist of pictures or the words of experts to show people how good the products are．
【点拨】consist of由……组成(=be made up of)
The committee consists of ten members．该委员会由10人组成。
【链接】
make up组成 be made up of...由……组成
be composed of...由……组成
【辨析】consist of，consist in与consist with
易混词组
辨析
一言辨异与例句
consist of
“由……组成”，其后常接整体的各个部分，主语与宾语是整体与部分的关系
Life mainly consists of happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist in struggle．
生活主要是由快乐和悲伤组成的，而快乐和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。
consist in
“在于，存在于”，其后一般接抽象名词或动名词
consist with
“与……一致，并存”
Theory should consist with practice．
理论应与实践相一致。
because of
【原句回放】Because of the advertising boom，people are used to seeing high standards of visual design．由于广告的繁荣，人们已习惯于看到高水准的视觉设计。
【点拨】because of是复合介词，表示原因，意为“因为”，后接名词或代词，在句中作状语。
Because of the storm he didn’t go there．因为暴风雨他没有去那儿。
The crops failed because of the drought．干旱造成农作物歉收。
【辨析】because of，due to，owing to与thanks to
易混词组
辨析
例句
because of
意为“因为，由于”，在句中作状语，可置于句首或句中
We won the game because of his participation．由于他的参与，我们赢了比赛。
due to
强调“归咎于”或“起因于”，一般作表语，通常不置于句首
Her absence was due to the heavy rain．由于下大雨她没有来。
owing to
强调“由……导致”，作状语，可置于句首或句中，也可作表语
Owing to the rain the match was cancelled．由于下雨，比赛取消了。
thanks to
强调“由于，幸亏”，多置于句首，但也可放于句中。可以表达近乎于“感谢”的意思
Thanks to your help we succeeded．多亏你的帮助我们成功了。
stand out
【原句回放】Modern advertisements must stand out in a world full of competition by combining the highest standards of design with ideas linked to the products to make them more attractive．现代广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能在激烈的竞争中胜出。
【点拨】stand out
(1)出色；杰出；更为重要
She stood out as the best in the class．她是班里最出色的学生。
(2)显眼，突出
His height makes him stand out in the crowd．他身材高大，因此在人群中很突出。
【链接】
stand aside站到一边；让开；不参与；不行动；不做事
stand back退后；向后站；位于距某物有一段距离的位置上
stand down退职；离职：下台
stand for代表；赞同，支持或主张
stand by袖手旁观 stand up for为……辩护，支持……
stand up to经受得住，抵抗

according to
【原句回放】According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday，people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children．根据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究报告，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目中，人们并不介意。
【点拨】according to
(1)据某人所述；根据(某事物)
According to her，someone called at noon．据她说，有人中午打电话了。
(2)按照，依照(某事物)
They arrange the books according to size．他们按大小将书分类。
(3)视或依(某事物)而定
We will go or we won’t，according to the weather．我们去或不去，将视天气而定。
【助记】
[熟]according to按照，根据→[生] accord n．& vt. 协议；相符合，相一致；accordance n. 一致．符合
【辨析】according to，according as与accordingly
易混词(组)
辨析
例句
according to
介词词组，意思是“依据……所说，按照……”
According to the Bible，Adam was the first man．据《圣经》记载，亚当是人类始祖。
according as
连词词组，as后接句子，意思是“根据……而……，按照……而……”
Everyone contributes according as he is able．每个人根据自己的能力做出贡献。
Accordingly
副词，修饰动词或整个句子，意思是“因此，于是；照着，相应地”
He was too sick to stay．Accordingly，we sent him home．他身体欠安，不能待下去了，于是我们把他送回了家。
as long as(＝so long as)
【原句回放】According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday，people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children．根据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究报告，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目中，人们并不介意。
【点拨】as long as(＝so long as)
(1)“只要”，用来引导条件状语从句。
I don’t mind as long as it doesn’t rain．只要不下雨就行。
(2)“和……一样长”，是原级比较。
My arms are as long as yours．我的胳膊和你的一样长。
【链接】
(1)as／so far as...和……一样远；尽……；就……
We walked as far as the lake．我们一直走到湖边。
I’ll help you as far as I can．我将尽我所能地帮助你。
(2)as well as既……又……
He as well as I is fond of music. 不但我，他也喜欢音乐。
(3)as good as和……几乎一样
It was as good as new．它几乎像新的一样。
(4)as...as possible／as...as one can尽可能……地
You should return the book as soon as possible．你应该尽快归还图书。
Can you say it as loudly as possible?你能尽量说得声音大些吗?
(5)as soon as一……就……
I’ll tell him as soon as I see him．我一见到他就会告诉他。
keep (...) away from
【原句回放】We have always tried to keep bad language away from innocent ears and this is a very important consideration when deciding at what times of day certain programmes are shown．我们一直努力使天真的儿童远离不良语言，在决定每天什么时段播放某些节目时，这是一个非常重要的考虑因素。
【点拨】keep (...) away from 离开；避开
I have warned her to keep away from Tom．我警告她别靠近汤姆。
【拓展】
keep back阻止，阻挡；隐瞒；保留；扣下；留下
keep doing sth．继续做某事
keep down控制；压制 keep off避开，不接近
keep on继续；保持 keep out关在门外；不准入内
keep out of躲开；置身于……之外 keep to坚持；遵守；守信
in the way
【原句回放】The 60-year-old driver of the truck did not know that he was parked in the way of the trolleybus．60岁的卡车驾驶员不知道他停放的车挡住了无轨电车的路。
【点拨】in the way 妨碍，阻碍
His social life gets in the way of his study．他的社交生活妨碍了学业。
Can I go along with you? I won’t get in the way．我能和你一块去吗?我不会碍你事的。
【链接】
by the way顺便说说；顺便提起 by way of通过; 经由
in a way在某种程度上；从某一点上看 in this way以这种方式
on one’s／the way to...在去……的路途中 make way让路
out of the way不挡道，不碍事 feel one’s way摸索着走；谨慎行事
help sb. out
【原句回放】He praised the bravery of the astronomers who were helped out of the windows of the trolleybus by firemen．他赞扬了天文学家们的勇敢，他们被消防员从电车的窗户救了出来。
【点拨】help sb. out 帮某人解决难题／摆脱困境。
I am wondering if you could think of a way of helping me out．
我在想你是否能想办法帮助我摆脱困境。
【链接】
help oneself to(口)自用(食物)；擅自取用
can’t help doing sth．禁不住做某事 with the help of在……的帮助下
help sb. with sth. 帮某人做某事 can’t help but do sth. 不得不做某事
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 come to one’s help来帮某人的忙
come for one’s help求某人帮忙 In need of help需要帮助
【辨析】help，aid与assist
易混词
辨析
例句
help
是常用词意义较aid，assist强指“以积极的态度给予各方面的帮助”，强调“受助者得到帮助或好处”，并着重指“受助者对帮助的需要”
I’ll do everything possible to help you．我会尽一切可能帮助你。
aid
属较正式用语，强调“帮助受助者脱离困难或危险”，有时指“强者援助弱者”
We aided those suffering from earthquakes．
我们援助那些遭受地震的人。
assist
是正式用语，多指“在提供帮助时，帮助者起次要或协助作用”
The nurse assisted the doctor with the operation．护士协助医生进行手术。
stop doing sth.
【原句回放】‘I can’t stop crying with happiness，’ she said. “我无法抑制这幸福的泪水，”她说。
【点拨】stop doing sth. 停止做某事
I think I should stop smoking．我认为我应该停止抽烟。
【一言辨异】
The pupils stopped to write their compositions when the teacher said angrily，“Stop discussing。children．”当老师生气地说：“孩子们，停止讨论。”时，学生们便停下来写自己的作文。
go ahead (with sth.)
【原句回放】However，the government is planning to go ahead with the building next year．
然而，政府正打算明年开始修建（新机场）。
【点拨】go ahead (with sth.)
(1)毫不迟疑地开始做某事
We decided to go ahead with my plan anyway．我们决定无论如何要推行我的计划。
(2)进行，发生
if you agree with our plan，we’ll go ahead．如果你同意我们的计划，们就进行。
(3)先走，走在前面
You go ahead and I’ll catch you up in a few minutes．你先走，我几分钟后就会赶上你。
(4)用于口语中，意为“说吧，做吧，开始吧”。
—May I start? 我可以开始了吗?
—Yes，go ahead．好，开始吧。
【链接】
go about到处走动 go along进行；赞成；同意
go against反对；违背；对……不利 go down下降；下沉；坠落；降价
go by经过；过去 go in for参加(考试)；应试；酷爱；嗜好
go off爆炸；(枪、炮)被发射，响起；(食物等)变坏
go on发生；前进；进行(=go along)；接下去；继续
go out出去，离开；熄灭；退潮；过时，不流行 go over视察；查看；查阅；复习
go through经历；经受；遭到；完成；做完；通过；批准
go up涨价；上涨；兴建，建造
in one’s opinion
【原句回放】However，in my opinion，it will ruin...然而，在我看来，它会毁掉……
【点拨】in one’s opinion 按照某人的看法，在某人看来
In my opinion，that’s an excellent idea．我认为那是个好主意。
In my opinion，it’s better not to go．在我看来还是不去为好。
【链接】
give／express one’s opinion on对……发表意见
have an ill opinion of... 对……有不好的评价
have a good opinion of oneself自视甚高；自信；自高自大
have a high opinion of...对……有很高的评价；尊重(某人／事物)
have a low opinion of... 对……评价甚低；轻视：瞧不起
no matter what
【原句回放】No matter what the government says，it is clear that the airport will also affect our health．不管政府说什么，显然机场还是会对我们的健康产生影响。
【点拨】no matter what 无论什么。
“no matter + 疑问词”用来引导让步状语从句时，相当于“疑问词+ -ever”。
Don’t trust her，no matter what she says．无论她说什么，都别相信。
No matter what you do，never lose heart．不管你做什么，千万别泄气。
It is clear that the airport will also affect our health.
it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句，用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型主要有以下几类：
重点句型
宾语从句的各种形式
【原句回放】For example，it could be“Shanghai Sewing Machine”，or “Tsing Tao Beer Corporation”，and you would know what the companies sell，where they are located，and the brand names．例如，一则广告可能是“上海缝纫机厂”或“青岛啤酒厂”，你一看就知道它们卖什么，位置在哪里，是什么牌子。
【点拨】宾语从句的各种形式
(1)除谓语动词后可以跟宾语从句外，介词、动词不定式、分词以及某些形容词如certain，sure，glad，pleased，afraid，surprised，satisfied等后也可以跟宾语从句。
We’re very glad that he’s got a job．我们很高兴他找到了一份工作。
(2)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，通常使用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面。
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries every day．我每天写日记成了习惯。
(3)在I think／believe／suppose／expect等后的宾语从句中，如果从句的谓语动词是否定形式，则应否定主句，即否定转移。
I don’t think he’ll come tomorrow．我认为他明天不会来。
(4)在I think／believe／hope／suppose／guess以及I’m afraid等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句。
—Is he a doctor?他是名医生吗?
—Yes，I think so．是的，我认为他是。
(5)that引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词如except，in，but，besides等后；其他情况下，that从句作介词的宾语时，需用形式宾语it代替，然后将that从句放在最后。
It was a good hotel except that it was rather noisy．除了太吵了，这家旅馆还不错。
You can depend on it that he will help you．你放心，他会帮你的。
(6)某些动词如insist(坚决要求)，demand，suggest(建议)，order，require，request等后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即谓语用“(should+)动词原形”。
I suggest that you (should) do it again．我建议你重做这件事。

过去完成进行时
【原句回放】The greengrocer’s truck had been carrying a load of fresh strawberries．蔬菜水果店的卡车装了一车新鲜的草莓。
【点拨】过去完成进行时 其构成为“had + been + doing”，用来表示过去某一时间之前一直进行着的动作。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it．这个东西我找了很多天才找到。
He was tired．He had been working all day．他累了。他工作了一整天了。
It is／was…+that从句
【原句回放】No matter what the government says，it is clear that the airport will also affect our health．不管政府说什么，显然机场还是会对我们的健康产生影响。
【点拨】(1)It is／was+形容词+that从句
It is true that he is ill．他确实病了。
(2)It is／was+名词+that从句
It’s a pity that you missed the party．你未能参加聚会，真是遗憾。
(3)It is／was+过去分词+that从句
It is said that a new bus line will be open next month．
据说一条新的公共汽车线路将于下月开通。
现在完成进行时
【原句回放】For many years，people have been wondering why they refuse to change their size．
许多年来，人们一直纳闷他们为什么拒绝改变大小。
【点拨】现在完成进行时 “have／has + been + 现在分词”构成，表示到目前为止一直在进行的动作。可能刚刚停止，也可能还会继续进行。虽然有些词，如work，study，live，teach等用现在完成进行时与现在完成时意思差不多，但多数动词用这两种时态时表达的意义不同。
He has lived here since then. ＝He has been living here since then．自那以来他一直住在这里。
Computers have become cheaper．(已完成)电脑已经便宜了。
Computers have been becoming cheaper．(未完成)电脑一直在变便宜。
巩固练习
单词拼写
1. From what you said, I___________（推断）that he wouldn’t come here this evening.
2. She was found _________（无辜的）of any crime(罪，犯罪).
3. It is impolite to__________（打断）others while they are speaking.
4. He used a_________（假的）name to get a job.
5. We should use products ____________（环保的）friendly.
6. She cut the melon into several equal __________(部分).
7. It is really______________(不方便的) for me to go to work on such rainy days.
8. Now that you’re a college student, you should learn to be __________(独立的) of your parents’ help.
完成句子
1. 住得离商店这么远有时候非常不便。（inconvenient）
__________________ such a long way from the shop.
2. 由于我的努力，他上了两次课后就能开车。(owing to)
____________________, he just can drive after twice courses.
3. 我不知道我们中间是不是有人会如愿以偿呢？（wonder）
____________ any of us will ever get our wishes.
4. 刘比第二名快2秒而获得了第一，破了去年李创的纪录。（by）
Liu came first ______________, breaking the record set by Li last year.
5. 能与时俱进的人才是明智的人。（ahead）
Those who can ______________the times are wise men.
单项填空
1. ____, I would like to express my wish to meet you again at our next annual meeting.
A. In brief B. In conclusion C. In all D. In detail
2. The school was built on a hill, so we had a very wonderful ____from the top.
A. scene B. sight C. time D. view
3. —Could I ask you a rather personal question?
—_____.
A. Yes, don’t worry B. Of course, go ahead
C. Yes, help yourself D. Of course, why not
4. —What made Jack look so worried?
—____his expensive and favourite ten-speed bike.
A. Being lost B. Having been lost
C. Losing D. To be lost
5. Don’ t _____me. I’m talking about the solution to the problem.
A. interrupt B. disturb C. drop in D. call at
6. —I’d like to find a job in the library.
—Good idea. In my opinion, ____it doesn’t affect your studies.
A. unless B. as long as C. despite D. even if
7. The graduate’s experience and qualification will be taken into ____when the decision is made.
A. regard B. consideration
C. thought D. observation
8. —How does the old man make a living in the city?
—_____newspapers in the streets.
A. To sell B. To selling
C. By selling D. For selling
9. It’ll maybe a little difficult to finish the work on time; I’ll make it, _____.
A. anyhow B. somehow C. yet D. either
10. Never form the habit of smoking because it_____ human beings.
A. is harmful with B. does harm to
C. is harm for D. does harmful to
答案与解析：
单词拼写
1. concluded 2.innocent 3.interrupt 4. false
5. environmentally 6. sections 7.inconvenient 8. independent
完成句子
1. It is inconvenient to live 2. Owing to my effort
3. I wonder if 4. by two seconds 5. go ahead with
单项填空
1.【解析】选B。in brief简言之; in conclusion最后；in all总共; in detail详细地。根据句意“最后，我希望我们能在下一届年会再度相会”可知B为正确答案。
2. The school was built on a hill, so we had a very wonderful ____from the top.
A. scene B. sight C. time D. view
2.【解析】选D。考查名词词义辨析。scene场面，场景，通常指局部的、具体的风景。sight视力、视野；time时间; view视野，视域，尤指站在高处所看到的风景，故D项正确。
3. 【解析】选B。考查日常交际用语。根据语境“Could I ask you a rather personal question？”可知是征询对方的意见，用“Of course, go ahead. ”表示应允，其余三项不符合语境。
4. 【解析】选C。考查动名词作主语及省略。根据疑问词what可知，填上的部分需在句子中作主语，代替what, 而having been lost强调动作先于主句的动作发生，重在两个动作的对比。答语实际上是“Losing his expensive and favourite ten-speed bike made Jack look so worried. ”。
5.【解析】选A。由后句“我正要谈论解决问题的方法”可知，前句应为“别打断”，A项恰好符合。disturb“干扰，打扰”；drop in“顺便拜访”, drop in at sth. /on sb. “拜访某地/拜访某人”; call at“拜访”，其宾语也应是表示地点的名词。
6.【解析】选B。考查连词的区别。as long as只要；even if即使；unless除非；despite尽管。后一句句意：在我看来，只要不影响你的学习就行。
7.【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：作出决定时，毕业生的经验和资历也将考虑在内。take. . . into consideration将……考虑在内。
8. 【解析】选C。通过问句how可知问的是方式，用by doing来回答，by通过某种方式或手段。
9.【解析】选A。考查副词的区别。句意：按时完成工作有点困难；不管怎样，我都会按时完成的。anyhow无论如何，不管怎样，符合题意。
10.【解析】选B。harm是名词或动词，do harm to对……有害；harmful是形容词；be harmful to对……有害。