版本科目年级课时教学设计
黑龙江哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
课题
Earthquakes - Learning about language
单元
Unit 4
学科
英语
年级
高一
学习
目标
Knowledge objectives: Learn to get the main information from the text through the exercises. Remember the corresponding words and sentence patterns we learned in the passage.
Skill objectives: Learn to use key words and sentence patterns to understand grammatical phenomena. Can imitate the sentences and use appropriate conjunctions to organize paragraphs to form a passage. Master the words and phrases and use them to briefly and correctly.
Emotional objectives: Learn to cherish life, cherish family, cherish everything we have. Give our love to those suffering from earthquake disaster.
重点
Learn to use the words and phrases we learned in this unit to communicate and to discuss earthquakes in English.
难点
Can talk about the topic of earthquakes correctly, and can express the views freely.
教学过程
教学环节
教师活动
学生活动
设计意图
导入新课
Lead in
Listen to the passage A Night the Earth didn’t Sleep we learned first, then retell the passage in own words briefly.
The sample:
S1.Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. The water in the village wells rose and fell, the well walls had deep cracks and smelly gas came out of the cracks. Chickens, pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide and fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.
S2.At about 3:00 on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst in the city. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun.
S3.Steam burst from holes in the ground. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
S4.Everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground, two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling, the railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. People were shocked.
S5.Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
听课文，边听边回忆课文中提到的情景。分别请几名学生复述课文内容，复述把复述的内容快速写出来。
复习学过的内容，提高英语应用能力。
讲授新课
Learning about language
I. Discovering useful words and expressions
The exercise 1. Find the correct words and the expressions for each of the following meanings.
1. ________ of no use
2. ________ all the people in a country
3. ________ a lot of
4. ________ matter that is not clean
5. ________ finished
6. ________ very great in degree
7. ________ immediately
8. ________ gas that hot water gives out
9. ________ make someone feel very surprised
10. ________ metal bars that a train moves along
11. ________ save something or somebody from danger
12. ________ the part of a building left after rest has been destroyed
The possible answers to the exercise 1:
1. useless 2. nation 3. a great number of
4. dirt 5. at an end 6. extreme
7. right away 8. steam 9. shock
10. track 11. rescue 12. ruin
The suggested answers to exercise 2:
Earthquake
Feelings
Damage
Events
Rescue work
Before:
curious
anxious
surprise
amazed
puzzled
confused
After:
shocked
horrified
relieved
worried
scared
angry
distressed
sad
terrified
frightened
hopeless
hopeful
unbelievable
encouraged
Before:
well walls cracks;
pipes cracks and burst
After:
1. great destruction
2. houses in ruins
3. roads destroyed
4. water, gas and electricity hard to get
5. people killed or injured
6. cracks cut across roads and canals
7. hills of rock became dirt
8. children lost parents
Before:
1. animal behaved strangely
2. light in sky
3. sound of planes
4. well water rose and fell
After:
1. city in ruins
2. another quake
3. army came to help
After:
calm practical
hard-working
selfless helpful
brave courageous
kind thoughtful
prepared tireless
understanding
organized
strong-willed
determined
Suggested answers to the exercise 3:
burst; destroyed; ruins; trapped;
wells; injured; shocked; bury
II. Fill in the blanks with the following words first, then read the short passage.
devastate injure terrible bury missing
destroy survivor rescue severe rubble
On May 12, 2008, a great earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan province. The earthquake almost 1.____________ the whole of Wenchan. It was a 2.____________ day. Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers 3.____________ in the 4.____________. Helpless people can be seen lying beside the collapsed buildings. Many people were 5.____________ or killed, and thousands of children became orphans.
Soldiers, doctors, nurses and 6.____________ workers from all over the country rushed to Wenchuan to help the 7.____________.
The earthquake 8.____________ damaged more than 100 thousand square kilometers. A total of 69227 people were killed, 374643 injured and 17923 9.____________ in the earthquake.
It was the most 10.____________ earthquake since the founding of our country. It was also the most serious earthquake after the Tangshan earthquake.
The possible answer:
1.destroyed；2.terrible day；3.were buried；
4.rubble； 5.injured；6.rescue；7.survivors
8. severely；9.missing；10.devastating
The exercise 4. Work in groups
Finish the sentences first, and translate them into Chinese.
1. When the earthquake came, it was as if the world was at an end.
当地震来临时，就好像世界末日到了一样。
When the houses fell down, it sounded as if a mountain had blown up.
当房屋倒塌时，听起来就像一座山被炸毁了一样。
2. When the dam broke, it looked as if the sea had arrived suddenly on our doorstep.
当大坝决口时，看起来就像海水突然间涌到了我们家门口似的。
When the bricks covered the ground, it was as if stones were flowing like water.
当砖块覆盖地面时，碎石就像水一样在流动似的。
3. When the coal mines fell, the ground above looked as if it would crack.
煤矿倒塌时，地面看起来好像要裂开似的。
When the cows ran down the road, they looked as if they were driven by an unseen hand.
当牛在路上奔跑时，它们看起来就像在被一只看不见的手驱赶着似的。
4. When the shock hit us, we felt as if we were going to die.
当电击袭来时，我们感觉好像就要死去了一样。
When the nation turned to help us in our need, it seemed as if all China was thinking of us and was coming to our aid.
在我们需要祖国帮助的时候，好像全中国都在关注我们，都在帮助我们。
III. The useful structures
Exercise 1.
Look at the useful structures which are attributive clause in the passage.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Please find out the sentences with attributive clause from the reading passage except the two sentences above.
1. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
2. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
3. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
4. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
Review the structures of attributive clause:
复习定语从句
定语从句是修饰名词或代词的；被修饰的词叫先行词。有限制性和非限制性定语从句。
今天先复习由关系代词引导的定语从句。
常用的关系代词：
先行词是人 — who, whom, whose, that
先行词是物 — which, whose, that
1）The man who/that was sitting there yesterday is a middle school teacher.（在从句中做主语）
昨天坐在那儿的那位先生是中学教师。
2）The boy who /that is standing over there is my brother.（在从句中做主语）
站在那边的那个男孩是我弟弟。
3）The woman (whom/that) you saw in my room is my mother.（在从句中做宾语时可省略）
你在我房间看到女士是我母亲。
4）The letter (which/that）I received yesterday is from my family.（在从句中做宾语时可省略）
我昨天收到的那封信是我家人寄来的。
5）This is Tom whose mother is our English teacher.（在从句中表示“谁的”用whose引导）
这是汤姆，他的妈妈是我们的英语老师。
下列情况必须用“that”引导，而不能用“which”。
1. 先行词是everything，little，few，much，all，anything，nothing或者是由none, much, only 修饰。
The only thing that is important is to find our way home.
唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。
Have you got anything that belongs to me?
你那有我什么东西吗？
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
小偷最后交出了他偷的东西。
Is this all that is left?
就剩下这一个了吗？
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用that。
This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
这是我读过的一本最好的书。
This is the third baby (that) Mary gave birth to.
这是玛丽生下的第三个孩子。
3. 先行词被the only，the last 修饰时，用that。
He is the only person that I want to see now.
他是我此时唯一想见的人。
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
我们谈论的是当时见过的人和事。
5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是能飞的机器。
6.“time”做先行词表示“第……次”时用that。
This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.
这是我第一次去北京。
限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别：
限定性定语从句是对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉从句，句意不完整或概念不清。
非限定性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
People who take physical exercise live longer.
进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter who is in Boston now is coming home next week.
他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
(若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整)
非限制性定语从句常有逗号与主句分开，有时去掉逗号意义不同。
I have a brother who is a doctor.
我有一个当医生的兄弟。(兄弟不止一个)
I have a brother, who is a doctor.
我有一个兄弟，他是当医生的。(只有这一个)
【温馨提示】
注意“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句。
在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用 “which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。
This is John’s book, which is very interesting.
这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。
I like to talk with Tom, who is my old friend.
我喜欢同汤姆交谈，他是我的老朋友。
Practice:
1. 指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：
1) The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang. (主语)
2) A child whose parents are dead in the earthquake is called Tom. (定语)
3) I like the book (which) you bought yesterday. (宾语)
4) I like the person to whom you just talked. (介词宾语)
5) We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. (宾语)
2. Choose the best answer：
1) The beautiful card is from my friend _____ lives in Australia.
A. whom B.whose C. who D.which
2) I borrowed the bike from Tom ____ father is a teacher.
A. whom B.whose C. who/that D.which
3) His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor.
A. whom B.whose C. who D.which
4) This is the best film _____ I’ve ever seen.
A. (that) B. whom C. who D.which
5) He changed his mind, _____ made me very angry.
A. that B.whose C. who D. which
6) Mr. Smith, _____ is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.
A. that B.whose C. who D. which
7) I’ve invited Jim, ______ lives on the third floor.
A. whom B.whose C. who D. which
8) He is the man _____ car was stolen.
A. whom B.whose C. who D. which
9) The film _____ I saw yesterday is very interesting.
A. whom B.what C. who D. that
10) This is the house ______ I bought last year .
A. where B.what C. who D. that
Suggested answers
(1-5) CBBAD (6-10) CCBBD
Let’s do the exercise 2 on the book.
The answers to the exercise 2
1. whose 2. who 3. (that) 4. which/that
5. whose 6. whose 7. who 8. whose
Let’s do the exercise 3, work in groups
The sample sentences:
The girl was rescued from the well.
The girl was rescued from the well that was abandoned for some years.
The girl was rescued from the well which was in next to her school.
The girl who is wearing a red cap was rescued from the well.
The girl whose mother is an English teacher was rescued from the well.
The children buried eggs in the garden.
The children buried eggs in the garden that was Tom’s grandma’s.
The children buried eggs in the garden which was very beautiful.
The children who were in the kindergarten buried eggs in the garden.
The children whose teacher dance well buried eggs in the garden.
The survivors were dug out by the soldiers.
The The survivors were dug out by the soldiers that came to help the people in the city.
The survivors were dug out by the soldiers who were working day and night.
The survivors that were trapped in the rubble were dug out by the soldiers.
The survivors who were frightened in the disaster dug out by the soldiers.
The nation was shocked at the news.
The nation was shocked at the news that the earthquake happened in Wenchuan.
The nation was shocked at the news that the passengers and crews were killed in the air crash.
The nation that was being in great progress was shocked at the news.
The nation which has its population with hundreds of millions of people was shocked at the news.
Make ten sentences with attributive clause:
1. You can chat to other people who are online.
你可以和其他在线的人聊天。
2. It would be nice to have someone who really understood me.
要是有个真正理解我的人就好了。
3. I met these students who were mostly my own age.
我遇见到了这些和我年龄相仿的学生。
4. I also had friends who gave me a great deal of encouragement.
我还有些朋友给了我很多鼓励。
5. He is my friend whom I've known for many many years. 他是一位我认识多年的朋友。
6. These residents whom I knew had little money and little free time. 我所认识的这些居民没多少钱，也没多少闲暇时间。
7. I saw a man shouting at a driver whose car was blocking the street. 我看见一位男士正朝一个司机叫嚷，他的车把街道堵塞了。
8. He was an actor whose name I can't remember at the moment.
他是一位我一时想不起名字的演员。
9. The ole woman who needs constant attention is cared for by relatives.
那个需要长期照顾的老夫人由亲戚们照看着。
10. The thief gave himself up to police who are now questioning him.
这个小偷向警方自首了，目前警方正在审讯他。
在教师的引导下做练习题
复习定语从句
夯实基础，提高应用能力
掌握定语从句的用法，并正确使用
课堂小结
Summary.
In today’s class, we’ve reviewed the passage first.
And we have finished the exercises on the book, and we have reviewed the structures which are the attributive clauses.
We’ve reviewed:
1. We’ve reviewed the words and expressions.
2. We’ve reviewed the structures which are the attributive clauses in this part.
3. We finished the exercises on the text book.
4. We made some sentences with the words that, who, whom, whose, which. When we made the sentences, we have to pay attention to the structures of attributive clauses.
Home work:
Review the usage of the structures which are the attributive clauses. Review the words and expressions.
2. Finish the exercise book of this part in the unit.
板书
Period 4 Learning about language
I. Discovering useful words and expressions
The possible answers to the exercise 1:
1. useless 2. nation 3. a great number of
4. dirt 5. at an end 6. extreme
7. right away 8. steam 9. shock
10. track 11. rescue 12. ruin
The possible answers to the exercise 2:
Earthquake
Feelings
Damage
Events
Rescue work
Before:
curious
anxious
surprise
amazed
puzzled
confused
After:
shocked
horrified
relieved
worried
scared
angry
distressed
sad
terrified
frightened
hopeless
hopeful
unbelievable
encouraged
Before:
well walls cracks;
pipes burst
After:
1. great destruction
2. houses in ruins
3. roads destroyed
4. water, gas and electricity hard to get
5. people killed or injured
6. cracks cut across roads and canals
7. hills of rock became dirt
8. children lost parents
Before:
1. animal behaved strangely
2. light in sky
3. sound of planes
4. well water rose and fell
After:
1. city in ruins
2. another quake
3. army came to help
Before:
calm practical
hard-working
selfless helpful
brave courageous
kind thoughtful
prepared tireless
understanding
organized
strong-willed
determined
Suggested answers to the exercise 3:
burst; destroyed; ruins; trapped;
wells; injured; shocked; bury
II. Fill in the blanks with the following words first, then read the short passage.
devastate injure terrible bury missing
destroy survivor rescue severe rubble
（短文原文见幻灯片）
The possible answer:
1.destroyed；2.terrible day；3.were buried；
4.rubble； 5.injured；6.rescue；7.survivors
8. severely；9.missing；10.devastating
The exercise 4, work in groups
Finish the sentences first, and translate them into Chinese.
The possible answers:
1. as if a mountain had blown up.
2. as if stones were flowing like water.
3. as if they were driven by an unseen hand.
4. as if all China was thinking of us and was coming to our aid.
III. The useful structures
Excerces1.
Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Practice
1. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
2. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
3. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
4. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
Review the structures of attributive clause:
关系代词引导的定语从句。
先行词是人 — who, whom, whose, that
先行词是物 — which, whose, that
1）The man who/that was sitting there yesterday is a middle school teacher.
2）The boy who /that is standing over there is my brother.
3）The woman (whom/that) you saw in my room is my mother.
4）The letter (which/that）I received yesterday is from my family.
5）This is Tom whose mother is our English teacher.
下列情况必须用“that”，不用“which”。
1. 先行词是everything，little，few，much，all，anything，nothing或由none, much, only 修饰。
The only thing that is important is to find our way home.
Have you got anything that belongs to me?
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
Is this all that is left?
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。
This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.
This is the third baby (that) Mary gave birth to.
3. 先行词被the only/last 修饰时。
He is the only person that I want to see now.
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
6.“time”做先行词表示“第……次”时用that。
This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.
限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别：
People who take physical exercise live longer.
His daughter who is in Boston now is coming home next week.
I have a brother who is a doctor.
I have a brother, who is a doctor.
注意“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句。
This is John’s book, which is very interesting.
I like to talk with Tom, who is my old friend.
Practice:
1. 指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份：
1) The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2) A child whose parents are dead in the earthquake is called Tom.
3) I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
4) I like the person to whom you just talked.
5) We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together.
2. Choose the best answer：（见幻灯片）
Suggested answers
(1-5) CBBAD (6-10) CCBBD
Suggest answer to the exercise 2
1. whose 2. who 3. (that) 4. which/that
5. whose 6. whose 7. who 8. whose
The exercise 3
The girl was rescued from the well.
... that was abandoned for some years.
... which was in next to her school.
...who is wearing a red cap...
...whose mother is an English teacher...
The children buried eggs in the garden.
... that was Tom’s grandma’s.
... which was very beautiful.
...who were in the kindergarten...
... whose teacher dance well ...
The survivors were dug out by the soldiers.
... that came to help the people in the city.
... who were working day and night.
... that were trapped in the rubble ...
... who were frightened in the disaster...
The nation was shocked at the news.
... that the earthquake happened in Wenchuan.
... that the passengers and the crews were killed in the air crash.
... that was being in great progress ...
... which has its population with hundreds of millions of people ...
（备注： 板书可分成四栏，第一、二项占两栏，第三项占两栏。）
课件36张PPT。人教版新课标 高中英语 一年级上Unit Four(4)Learning about language作者：黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛A Night the Earth didn’t SleepLead inLearning about language Recall the scene in the passage when listening S1. Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. The water in the village wells rose and fell, the well walls had deep cracks and smelly gas came out of the cracks. Chickens, pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide and fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.S2. At about 3:00 on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst in the city. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city, one of the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. Retell the passage in own words brieflyLead inS3. Steam burst from holes in the ground. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.S4. Everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground, two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling, the railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. People were shocked.Retell the passage in own words brieflyLead inS5. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again. Retell the passage in own words brieflyLead in1. ___________ of no use
2. ___________ all the people in a country
3. ___________________ a lot of
4. ___________ matter that is not clean
5. ___________ finished
6. ___________ very great in degree
7. ___________ immediatelyuselessnationa great number ofdirtat an endextremeright away Find the correct words and the expressions for each of the following meanings.1. ___________ of no use
2. ___________ all the people in a country
3. ___________________ a lot of
4. ___________ matter that is not clean
5. ___________ finished
6. ___________ very great in degree
7. ___________ immediatelyuselessnationa great number ofdirtat an endextremeright away Find the correct words and the expressions for each of the following meanings. 8. ________ gas that hot water gives out
9. ________ make someone feel very surprised
10. _______ metal bars that a train moves along
11. ________ save something or somebody from danger
12. ________ the part of a building left after rest has been destroyedsteamshocktrack rescueruin Find the correct words and the expressions for each of the following meanings. The Possible answers to the Ex. 2:burst; destroyed; ruins; trapped
wells; injured; shocked; bury The Possible answers to the Ex. 3: devastate injure terrible bury missing destroy survivor rescue severe rubble On May 12, 2008, a great earthquake happened in Wenchuan, Sichuan province. The earthquake almost 1____________ the whole of Wenchan. It was a 2____________ day. Many schools were destroyed and there were many students and teachers 3____________ in the 4____________.
Helpless people can be seen lying beside the collapsed buildings. Many people were 5____________ or killed, and thousands of children became orphans. Soldiers, doctors, nurses and 6________ workers from all over the country rushed to Wenchuan to help the 7____________. destroyedterriblewere buriedrubble Fill in the blanks with the following words.injuredrescuesurvivors The earthquake 8____________ damaged more than 100 thousand square kilometers. A total of 69227 people were killed, 374643 injured and 17923 9____________ in the earthquake.
It was the most 10_____________ earthquake since the founding of our country. It was also the most serious earthquake after the Tangshan earthquake.severelymissing Fill in the blanks with the following words. devastate injure terrible bury missing destroy survivor rescue severe rubbledevastatingWork in groups1. When the earthquake came, it was as if the world was at an end.当地震来临时，就好像世界末日到了一样。 When the houses fell down, it sounded as if a mountain had blown up.当房屋倒塌时，听起来就像一座山被炸毁了一样。 The Possible answers to the Ex. 4:2. When the dam broke, it looked as if the sea had arrived suddenly on our doorstep.当大坝决口时，看起来就像海水突然间涌
到了我们家门口似的。 When the bricks covered the ground, it was as if stones were flowing like water.当砖块覆盖地面时，碎石就像水一样在流动似的。Work in groups3. When the coal mines fell, the ground above looked as if it would crack.煤矿倒塌时，地面看起来好像要裂开似的。 When the cows ran down the road, they looked as if they were driven by an unseen hand.当牛在路上奔跑时，它们看起来就像在被一只看不见的手驱赶着似的。 The Possible answers to the Ex. 4:4. When the shock hit us, we felt as if we were going to die.当电击袭来时，我们感觉好像就要死去了一样。 When the nation turned to help us in our need, it seemed as if all China was thinking of us and was coming to our aid.在我们需要祖国帮助的时候，好像全中国都在关注我们，都在帮助我们。Look at the sentences from the passage Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.whose 引出定语从句homes had been destroyed The useful structures, Exercise 1.who 引出定语从句who were trapped and to bury the deadPlease find out the sentences with attributive clause from the reading passage except the two sentences above.Find out the sentences: 1. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
2. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
3. The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400,000.
4. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. The useful structures, Exercise 1.which 引出定语从句that 引出定语从句who 引出定语从句which 引出定语从句复习定语从句
定语从句是修饰名词或代词的；被修饰的词叫先行词。有限制性和非限制性定语从句。本单元复习由关系代词引导的定语从句。
常用的关系代词：
先行词是人 — who, whom, whose, that
先行词是物 — which, whose, that
The man who/that was sitting there yesterday is a middle school teacher.
先行词是人，用who或者that，（在从句中做主语）
从句的意思 = The man was sitting there yesterday . Review the structures：Attributive clauses1. The man who/that was sitting there yesterday is a middle school teacher.（在从句中做主语）
昨天坐在那儿的那位先生是中学教师。
2. The boy who /that is standing over there is my brother. （在从句中做主语）
站在那边的那个男孩是我弟弟。
3. The woman (whom/that) you saw in my room is my mother.（在从句中做宾语时可省略）
你在我房间看到女士是我母亲。 Review the structures：Attributive clauses4. The letter (which/that）I received yesterday is from my family.
（从句中做宾语可省略） 我昨天收到的那封信是我家人寄来的。
5. This is Tom whose mother is our English teacher.
（从句中表示“谁的”用whose引导） 这是汤姆，他妈妈是我们的英语老师。
下列情况必须用“that”引导，不用“which”
1. 先行词是 everything，little，few，much， all，anything，nothing
或者由 none, much, only 修饰。
The only thing that is important is to find our way home.
唯一重要的事是要找到回家的路。 Review the structures：Attributive clauses下列情况必须用“that”引导，不用“which”。
Have you got anything that belongs to me? 你那有我什么东西吗？
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen.
小偷最后交出了他偷的东西。
Is this all that is left? 就剩下这一个了吗？
2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时， 用 that。
This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read. 这是我读过的一本最好的书。
This is the third baby (that) Mary gave birth to.
这是玛丽生下的第三个孩子。 Review the structures：Attributive clauses3. 先行词被 the only，the last 修饰时，用that。
He is the only person that I want to see now. 他是我此时唯一想见的人。
4. 先行词同时指人和指物时，用that。
We talked about the things and persons that we saw then.
我们谈论的是当时见过的人和事 。
5. 定语从句内容为解释名词的性质、概念时，需用that。
A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是能飞的机器。
6. “time”做先行词表示 “第……次” 时用 that。
This is the first time that I have been to Beijing. 这是我第一次去北京。 Review the structures：Attributive clauses限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别：
限定性定语从句是对先行词进行修饰和限制，如果去掉从句，句意不完整或概念不清。非限定性定语从句是对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。
People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。
(若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)
His daughter who is in Boston now is coming home next week.
他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期回来。
(若把从句去掉，句子意义仍然完整) Review the structures：Attributive clauses非限制性定语从句常有逗号与主句分开，有时去掉逗号意义不同。
I have a brother who is a doctor.
我有一个当医生的兄弟。(兄弟不止一个)
I have a brother, who is a doctor.
我有一个兄弟，他是当医生的。(只有这一个)
注意：“that”不能用于非限定性定语从句。 在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时只能用 “which”，不能用“that”，而且“which”不能省略。
This is John’s book, which is very interesting.
这是约翰的书，这本书很有趣。
I like to talk with Tom, who is my old friend.
我喜欢同汤姆交谈，他是我的老朋友。 Review the structures：Attributive clauses 1. 指出关系代词在定语从句中的成份
1) The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2) A child whose parents are dead in the earthquake is called Tom.
3) I like the book (which) you bought yesterday.
4) I like the person to whom you just talked.
5) We shall never forget the days (that) we spent together. 主语定语宾语介词宾语宾语 Review the structures：Attributive clauses1) The beautiful card is from my friend _____ lives in Australia.
A. whom B.whose C. who D.which
2) I borrowed the bike from Tom ____ father is a teacher.
A. whom B.whose C. who/that D.which
3) His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor.
A. whom B.whose C. who D.which
4) This is the best film _____ I’ve ever seen.
A. (that) B. whom C. who D.which
5) He changed his mind, _____ made me very angry.
A. that B.whose C. who D. which Review the structures：Choose the best answer6) Mr. Smith, _____ is our boss, will leave for Japan next week.
A. that B.whose C. who D. which
7) I’ve invited Jim, ______ lives on the third floor.
A. whom B.whose C. who D. which
8) He is the man _____ car was stolen.
A. whom B. whose C. who D. which
9) The film _____ I saw yesterday is very interesting.
A. whom B.what C. who D. that
10) This is the house ______ I bought last year .
A. where B.what C. who D. that Review the structures：Choose the best answerThe answers to the exercise 2:
1. whose 2. who 3. (that) 4. which/that
5. whose 6. whose 7. who 8. whose
Sample sentences:
Review the structures：The exercise 2.1. The girl was rescued from the well. The girl was rescued from the well that was abandoned for some years. The girl was rescued from the well which was in next to her school. The girl who is wearing a red cap was rescued from the well. The girl whose mother is an English teacher was rescued from the well. Review the structures：The exercise 3.2. The children buried eggs in the garden. The children buried eggs in the garden that was Tom’s grandma’s. The children buried eggs in the garden which was very beautiful. The children who were in the kindergarten buried eggs in the garden The children whose teacher dance well buried eggs in the garden. Review the structures：The exercise 3.3. The survivors were dug out by the soldiers. The survivors were dug out by the soldiers that came to help the people in the city. The survivors were dug out by the soldiers who were working day and night.The survivors that were trapped in the rubble were dug out by the soldiers.The survivors who were frightened in the disaster dug out by the soldiers.4. The nation was shocked at the news. The nation was shocked at the news that the earthquake happened in Wenchuan. The nation was shocked at the news that the passengers and crews were killed in the air crash.The nation that was being in great progress was shocked at the news.The nation which has its population with hundreds of millions of people was shocked at the news. Review the structures：The exercise 3.1. You can chat to other people who are online.
2. It would be nice to have someone who really understood me.
3. I met these students who were mostly my own age.
4. I also had friends who gave me a great deal of encouragement.
Make ten sentences with attributive clause:你可以和其他在线的人聊天。要是有个真正理解我的人就好了。我遇见到了这些和我年龄相仿的学生。我还有些朋友给了我很多鼓励。5. He is my friend whom I've known for many many years. 他是
6. These residents whom I knew had little money and little free time.
7. I saw a man shouting at a driver whose car was blocking the street.
Make ten sentences with attributive clause:一位我认识多年的朋友。我所认识的这些居民没多少钱，也没多少闲暇时间。我看见一位男士正朝一个司机叫嚷，他的车把街道堵塞了。 8. He was an actor whose name I can't remember at the moment.
9. The ole woman who needs constant attention is cared for by relatives.
10. The thief gave himself up to police who are now questioning him. Make ten sentences with attributive clause:那个需要长期照顾的老夫人由亲戚们照看着。这个小偷向警方自首了，目前警方正在审讯他。他是一位我一时想不起名字的演员。SummaryWe've learned the following in the class1. We’ve reviewed the words and expressions.
2. We’ve reviewed the structures which are the attributive clauses in this part.
3. We finished the exercises on the text book.
4. We made some sentences with the words that, who, whom, whose, which. When we made the sentences, we have to pay attention to the structures of attributive clauses. 1. Review the usage of the structures which are the attributive clauses. Review the words and expressions.
2. Finish the exercises book of this part in
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