北师大版高中英语模块4 Unit 12 Culture 语言点（二）

Unit 12 Culture shock语言点（二）
目标认知
重点词汇
familiar, arrival, aspect, cautious, stare, whisper, insist, suit, conduct, injure, belong, attach, population, contrary, bear, treat, minority, forgive, spot, occasion
重点短语
keep on doing sth., the last time, see (sb.) off, look out, be fond of, well-off, pick up,
重点句型
when作并列连词的用法
That’s why...
含有虚拟语气的表语从句
It is said that...
be about to do... when...
现在分词短语作状语
知识讲解
重点词汇
familiar
【原句回放】Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA．金丽在到达美国之后，很快熟悉了美国的生活方式。
【点拨】familiar adj. (常与to或with连用)熟悉的；常见的；普通的
搭配
(人)be familiar with 对……熟悉，与……亲密
(物)be familiar to sb. 某物为某人所熟悉
Your face seems familiar．你看上去很面熟。
He is familiar with this job．他熟悉这份工作。
English is familiar to him．英文是他所通晓的。
arrival
【原句回放】Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA．金丽在到达美国之后，很快熟悉了美国的生活方式。
【点拨】arrival n. 到达，抵达
We waited for the arrival of the next bus．我们等待下一班公共汽车的到来。
【拓展】
on／upon one’s arrival at／in...＝as soon as sb. arrive(s) at／in在某人到达……时出发[动]depart→[名]departure
到达[动]arrive→[名]arrival
【助记】反义词记忆法
反义词记忆法就是把意思相反的词语放在一起记忆。英语中有相当多的反义词(组)，将它们归纳总结，可以提高记忆效率。
heavy重的——light轻的 failure失败——success成功
tall高的——short矮的 entrance入口——-exit出口
fast快的——slow慢的 war战争——peace和平
lend借出——borrow借入 theory理论——practice实践
bring带来——take拿走 upstairs楼上——downstairs楼下
forget忘记——remember记住 pick up拾起——put down放下
at the beginning of在……初期——at the end of在……末期
aspect
【原句回放】When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things．刚到旧金山时，有一段时间我觉得很难理解某些美国人的处事方式。
【点拨】aspect n．方面，特定部分；特点；考虑事物的方式；方位；(建筑物朝某一方向的)一面；外表，特性
There’s an aspect of this affair I don’t understand．这件事有一方面我不了解。
The whole scheme began to take on a more practical aspect．
整个计划开始具有更切合实际的性质。
The front aspect of the hotel was unremarkable．旅馆的正面看上去不起眼。
The fierce aspect of the salesman frightened the customer off．
那个店员的凶相把顾客吓走了。
【搭配】
from the...aspect从……方面看 all aspects of sth．某事的方方面面
in every aspect (of sth.) (某事的)各个方面
This plan is very good from the social aspect．从社会的角度来看这个计划非常好。
The service was excellent in every aspect．这项服务的各方面都非常出色。
cautious
【原句回放】I’ve always been outgoing but since an embarrassing experience in a New York restaurant I’ve been much more cautious．我一直是一个外向的人，但是自从在纽约的一家饭店有过一次尴尬的经历后，我就更小心了。
【点拨】cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的，慎重的；(行为)谨慎的，小心的
He is cautious in his choice of words．他措辞很谨慎。
【拓展】
be cautious of／about／with留意，谨防
be cautious not to do sth．小心不做某事
The old lady is very cautious with money．那位老太太用钱很谨慎。
The boss is cautious about making promises．老板对承诺持谨慎态度。
I should be cautious not to give offence．我应该小心不要得罪人。
stare
【原句回放】I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us．我和我的美国朋友贾尼斯正在餐桌前边吃甜点边聊天，突然发现人们在注视着我们。
【点拨】stare vt. & n.
(1)vt. 瞪着眼睛凝视，盯着看
Don’t stare at me like that．别那样盯着我看。
(2)n. 凝视，注视
She smiled at Jane’s stare．当简望着她时，她微笑了。
【拓展】
stare sb．down盯得某人转移目光 stare into凝望
stare up at抬头凝视 give sb. a...stare……地瞪某人一眼
【辨析】stare at，glare at，glance at与gaze at
易混词组
辨析
例句
stare at
意思是“凝视，盯着看”
It’s not polite to stare at others．
盯着别人看是不礼貌的。
glare at
意思是“怒目而视(stare angrily)”
They stood there，glaring at each other．
他们站在那儿，互相怒视著对方。
glance at
看一眼，瞥一眼(指粗略地看一下)
He glanced at his watch．他看了看手表。
gaze at
指由于兴趣、感慨、喜欢或惊奇而目不转睛地“凝视”
She gazed at her new diamond ring．
她凝视着自己的新钻戒。
whisper
【原句回放】I whispered for the rest of the evening．那天晚上后面的时候，我一直小声说话。
【点拨】whisper n. & v.
(1)n. 低语，耳语，私语；密谈；(树叶)发沙沙声；(风)发飒飒声；(水)发潺潺声等；谣言，流言蜚语
This fine engine makes only a whisper when running at full speed．
这部优良的发动机全速开动时也只发出一点点沙沙声。
I’ve heard a whisper that he’s going to resign．我听到了一个传闻说他准备辞职。
(2)v. 低声说，耳语，嘀咕
She whispered to me that his temperature was up again．她低声对我说他的体温又上升了。
He whispered that he had got a new job．他低声说他已找到了新工作。
【拓展】
in a whisper ＝ in whispers低声地 whisper to sb. 向某人低语
insist
【原句回放】He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off．
他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。
【点拨】insist v. 坚持，坚决要求；坚持说，固执己见
搭配
insist on／upon(doing) sth． 坚持(做)某事
insist that...坚持……；主张……
He insisted on leaving at once．他坚持立刻离开。
They insist that I stay there for supper．他们坚持让我留在那里吃晚饭。
【单词积累】
insistence n. 坚持
【一言辨异】
Insisting that Tom had stolen his car，Mr. Smith insisted that he(should) be put into prison．由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的汽车，史密斯先生坚持把他关进监狱。
【辨析】insist on与stick to
易混词组
辨析
例句
insist on
指的是坚持认为、坚决主张或坚决要求，其后跟动名词或名词作宾语
I insist on doing the work by myself．我坚持要独立做这份工作。
stick to
指的是坚持真理、原则、观点、决定、计划、理论等
Don’t stick to your own opinions．不要固执己见。

suit
【原句回放】I told her the coat suited her，but she looked very embarrassed，saying that it was a cheap one she had bought a long time ago．我对她说，这件外套她穿得很合身，没想到她看上去很不好意思，解释说这件外套是很早以前买的，而且很便宜。
【点拨】suit v. 适合……之要求，适应；相配，恰当
Would Friday morning suit you?星期五早上对你合适吗?
The hot weather doesn’t suit me．这么热的天气不适合我。
【辨析】suit与fit
易混词组
辨析
例句
suit
多指合乎需要、口味性格、条件、地位、气候等
The dress fits you well，but its colour doesn’t suit you．你穿这件连衣裙很合身，但颜色不合适。
fit
多指大小、形状、尺寸等合适，引申为“吻合，协调”
conduct
【原句回放】My friend went home and left me to conduct the band．我的朋友回家了，留下我来指挥乐队。
【点拨】conduct n. & vt.
(1)n. 行为方式；举止；品行；管理方式；处理方式
The prisoner was released early for good conduct．这个囚犯因品行良好而获得提前释放。
The conduct of the elections arose some doubt among people．选举的管理引起人们的怀疑。
(2)v. 组织；执行；实施；进行；指挥(音乐，管弦乐队，合唱团等)；给……领路；给……做向导；(物理)传导(热、电等能量)
I decided to conduct an experiment．我决定进行一次实验。
Dennis had recently begun a successful career conducting opera in Europe．
丹尼斯最近开始在欧洲担任歌剧指挥，事业发展得很成功。
The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city．导游引导我们游览了古城废墟。
injure
【原句回放】Thinking they may get injured，parents won’t let their children play in the street．考虑到可能会受到伤害，父母们不让他们的孩子在街上玩。
【点拨】injure v. 伤害，损害(某人)．；伤害，损害
He injured his hand in a fire．他在火灾中伤了左手。
This incident could seriously injure the company’s reputation．
这一事件可能会对公司的声誉造成严重损害。
【单词积累】
injured adj. 受伤的；受损害的 injury n. 伤害；损害
【辨析】injure，harm，hurt与wound
易混词
辨析
例句
injure
动词，多指意外或事故造成伤害或对健康、成就、容貌、机能等的伤害，也可用来指I对前景或生活的舒适带来反面影响
The explosion injured several people．爆炸炸伤数人。
harm
动词或名词，常指精神上、感情上或肉体上的伤害，含有强烈的疼痛
Smoking harms our health．吸烟有害健康。
hurt
动词或名词，指对人或事物造成伤害，这种伤害不一定是直接的，也不一定有痛楚，可指带来痛苦、悲伤、损失或损害等
No one was seriously hurt in the accident．事故中无人受重伤。
wound
动词或名词，指“受伤”“伤口”。通常指外界暴力造成创伤，多指枪刀伤害，特指战场上受伤
The thief wounded her in the arm with his knife．小偷用刀子扎伤了她的手臂。
belong
【原句回放】At first，we didn’t feel we belong here，but now we are attached to the land we live on．起初，我们并不认为自己属于这里，但是现在我们已与我们所居住的土地紧紧地联系在一起了。
【点拨】belong v.
(1)属于，为……之财产；为……之一员
They belong to a younger generation．他们属于较年轻的一代。
(2)应在(某处)
The chair belongs in the corner．这把椅子应放在角落处。
【单词积累】
belongings n. 动产；财物
【拓展】
belong to属于……，为……的一员，是……的一部分，属于……的财产

attach
【原句回放】At first，we didn’t feel we belong here，but now we are attached to the land we live on．起初，我们并不认为自己属于这里，但是现在我们已与我们所居住的土地紧紧地联系在一起了。
【点拨】attach vt. 加上；连上；附上；依恋；喜欢
He attached a stamp to the envelope．他把邮票贴在了信封上。
We are much attached to each other．我们之间感情深厚。
【拓展】
attach oneself to依附；参加(党派等)；热爱，依恋
be／become attached to附属于，依恋
attach...to...把……附在……上
attach importance／value to...认为……有重要性／价值
attach one’s name to...在……上签名
【单词积累】
attached adj. 附加的；附属的；依恋的
attachment n. 附件，附加装置；依恋，爱慕；拥护
【助记】
[根]tach(＝stick粘贴)→[生]
attach连接，使附属
detach拆卸，使分开
population
【原句回放】The early settlers were mostly English and Irish，but since 1945，the population has become more and more mixed with people from Southern Europe and Asia．早期的移民大多是英国人和爱尔兰人，但是从1945年以来，人口中越来越多地混入了南欧人和亚洲人。
【点拨】population n. 人口(数量)；(全体)居民
The country has a population of 100 million．这个国家有1亿人口。
A desert has no settled population．沙漠里没有固定的居民。
contrary
【原句回放】Contrary to popular belief，Australia is not a dull place at all for people wanting culture．同普遍认识相反，对在文化方面有需求的人来说，澳大利亚不是一个枯燥的地方。
contrary adj. & n.
(1)adj. 与之相异的；相对立的；相反的
His views are contrary to mine．他的看法与我的相反。
(2)n. 相反的事实，事情／情况
I’m not ill．On the contrary，I’m very healthy．我没有生病，正相反，我很健康。
【辨析】contrary to，to the contrary与on the contrary
易混词组
辨析
例句
contrary to
是形容词短语，后接名词或what从句，作表语、状语或后置定语
My younger sister’s taste in clothes is contrary to mine．在服装方面，我妹妹的品位和我的完全不同。
to the contrary
是介词短语，意为“相反的”，用作后置定语，也可作状语，常置于句末
I’ll go on with my work unless I get me order to the contrary．我将继续工作，除非我得到相反的命令。
on the contrary
是介词短语，起副词作用，用于两个分句之间，常用逗号分开。也表示“相反”，用来否定—个事实并肯定其反面
He is not poor．On the contrary，he is a millionaire．他不穷，相反，他是个百万富翁。
bear
【原句回放】I can’t bear the way the native Australians have been treated．我不能忍受对待土著澳大利亚人的方式。
【点拨】bear v. 忍受，容忍；生孩子；结果实；携带，拿；运输；运送；承担，担负(责任)
Don’t leave me alone．I wouldn’t be able to bear it．别把我一个人留下，我会受不了的。
His wife had borne him a son．他妻子为他生了个儿子。
The peach trees are not going to bear well this year．今年桃树结果不会多。
She was bearing a basketful of vegetables．她正提着一篮子的蔬菜。
A camel can bear burden．骆驼能驮重。
Steamboats bear the travellers out of Kerrera Sound．汽船把游客送出凯勒拉海峡。
No one likes to bear the responsibility for such decisions．
没有人喜欢为这样的决定承担责任。
The ice is too thin to bear your weight．冰太薄，承受不了你的重量。
【助记】图解bear一词多义
treat
【原句回放】I can’t bear the way the native Australians have been treated．我不能忍受对待土著澳大利亚人的方式。
【点拨】treat vt. & n.
(1)vt．以……态度对待；把……看作；请客，款待
How could you treat her so badly?你怎么能待她那么差?
Don’t treat me as a fool．别把我当傻瓜。
He treated them to a good dinner on New Year’s Day．在新年那天，他请他们吃了一顿好饭。
(2)n. 款待，招待
She was cooking fish as a treat．她正在煮鱼来款待客人。
【单词积累】
treated adj. 已处理过的、加工过的 treatment n. 待遇，对待；处理；治疗
minority
【原句回放】They are now a minority group and most of them live in terrible conditions while the rest of us are quite well-off．他们现在是少数群体，大部分人住在恶劣的环境里，而我们这些人却很富有。
【点拨】minority n. 少数，少数派；少数民族，少数群体
A small minority voted against the plan．只有少数人投票反对该计划。
【助记】
【拓展】
a minority of 少数
be in a／the minority占少数
Men are in the minority in this profession．在这一行业中，男人占少数。
the rest (of)其余的
The rest of the students are to stay here．其余的学生留在这里。
The rest of the meat has gone bad．其余的肉已变质了。
forgive
【原句回放】I wonder if they’ll ever forgive the way they’ve been treated．我不知道土著人是否能原谅人们对待他们的方式。
【点拨】forgive v. 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务)
He is not a man who forgives easily．他不是一个肯轻易宽恕人的人。
I forgive you your debt．我免除你的债务。
【单词积累】
forgiveness n．宽恕
【拓展】
forgive sb. for sth．原谅某人做了某事
forgive and forget既往不咎
forgive me请原谅；对不起
spot
【原句回放】Ayers rock is a famous sightseeing spot in Australia. 艾利斯岩是奥大利亚一个著名的风景点。
【点拨】spot n. & v.
(1)n．地点，场所；小点；污点；少量，少许
They stayed at several of the island’s top tourist spots．
他们在岛上最著名的几处旅游景点作了停留。
They all stood there staring，as if frozen to the spot．
他们都站在那儿发愣，就像被冻在那里似的。
You have a grease spot on your shirt．你的衬衣上有块油斑。
Spots of rain had begun to fall．雨点开始落下来了。
Mr. Brooke is undoubtedly in a spot of bother．布鲁克先生肯定遇到了点小麻烦。
(2)v. 发现；注意到；认出；(尤指体育、娱乐业)赏识；玷污
He left the party seconds before smoke was spotted coming up the stairs．
就在他离开聚会几秒钟后有人发现烟顺着楼梯冒上来了。
We were spotted by a talent scout．我们得到了一位星探的赏识。
He spotted his reputation by lying repeatedly．他因反复说谎而败坏了自己的名声。
【拓展】
on the spot当场，在现场；立即
put sb. on the spot使某人尴尬，使某人为难
James was called to see the producer and got the job on the spot．
詹姆斯被叫去见制片人，当场就得到了那份工作。
Her question about my future plans really put me on the spot．
她问到我将来的打算，真让我感到尴尬。
occasion
【原句回放】There was no written Aboriginal language and，in fact，most of the 600 tribes spoke different dialects and rarely met except on ceremonial occasions．土著居民没有自己的书面语言，事实上600个部落中的大部分土著居民讲不同的方言，并且除了在仪式场合，他们几乎不见面。
【点拨】occasion n. 场合，时刻
He seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner．他抓住机会邀请她去家里吃晚饭。
【助记】
[熟]case情况→[生]occasion场合，机会
【拓展】
give occasion to引起 on one occasion曾经，有一次
on this occasion在这种场合 on occasion(s)有时，间或
on no occasion决不 on the occasion of在……时
take occasion to do sth．利用机会做某事
have the occasion to do sth．有机会做某事
【单词积累】
occasional adj. 偶尔的，间或发生的 occasionally adv. 有时，偶尔
重点短语
keep on doing sth.
【原句回放】But my host kept on putting more food in my rice bowl．但是主人还是不停地往我碗里夹菜。
【点拨】keep on doing sth. 反复做某事
Don’t give up hope；keep on trying．不要灰心，继续努力。
【链接】
keep away使离开，远离 keep up with跟上；不落后；赶上
keep on继续；保持 keep out of躲开；置身于……之外
keep to坚持；保持；不离开 keep sth. up继续；坚持；保持；维持
keep off(sb.／sth.) 避开；不接近(某人／某物)
the last time
【原句回放】I had a similar experience the last time I visited China．我上次访问中国时的经历和你相似。
【点拨】the last time在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“上次”。
The last time I saw him he was quite well．上次见到他时他还相当健康。
The last time we met you were very fat．我们上次见面时你还很胖。
【链接】
有些名词词组可以引导时间状语从句：
(1)every time，each time每次
(2)next time，the last time，the year，the day，the week，next day，next year，next week下次／上次……
(3)the moment，the minute，the instant一……就……
(4)the first／second／third time第一／二／三次
see (sb.) off
【原句回放】He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off．他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。
【点拨】see (sb.) off 为(某人)送行
The people in the village all came to see him off．村子里的人都来给他送行。
Aunt Zhong went to the railway station to see me off．钟阿姨去火车站送我。
【链接】
see about负责，处理 see to负责，注意
see through识破，看穿 see for oneself亲自看
see to it that...确保……，务必使……
look out
【原句回放】This is a great place for camping but you have to look out for snakes and spiders—Australia has some of the most dangerous in the world．
这是一个露营的好地方，但是你得小心蛇和蜘蛛——澳大利亚拥有一些世界上最危险的蛇和蜘蛛。
【点拨】look out 小心，当心
Look out! A car is coming! 当心! 有汽车过来了!
“Look out!”he cried out．“小心!”他大叫一声。
【链接】
look out for...留心防备……，提防……
If you go to that place，look out for trouble．如果你到那个地方去，小心遇上麻烦。
Look out for pickpockets! 小心扒手!
The group were warned to look out for bad drivers．这群人得到警告说要当心恶劣的司机。
【拓展】
look after照看 look around四周观望
look back on回忆 look into往……里看：调查
look down on／upon俯瞰；蔑视 look up抬头看；查询
look up to尊敬(某人)
be fond of
【原句回放】But it’s not the only sport Australians are fond of．但是，它不是澳大利亚人唯一喜爱的运动。
【点拨】be fond of 喜爱；喜欢；爱好
Mary is fond of learning English．玛丽喜欢学习英语。
well-off
【原句回放】They are now a minority group and most of them live in terrible conditions while the rest of us are quite well-off．他们现在是少数群体，大部分人住在恶劣的环境里，而我们这些人却很富有。
【点拨】well-off adj. 富有的
When I’m well-off I’ll buy a Jaguar．等我有钱了，我一定去买一辆美洲豹牌车。
If he had worked harder when young，he would be well-off now．
如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。
【拓展】
better off情况更好 badly off贫困的，情况不好 worse off恶化；情况更坏
You will be better off．你的状况会好起来的。
I am quite badly off recently．最近我经济上很拮据。
pick up
【原句回放】He swam down and down and picked up the oyster．他越潜越深，最后捡到了牡蛎。
【点拨】pick up
(1)拾起，拿起，捡起
The boy picked up the hat for the old man．男孩替老人拾起了帽子。
(2)中途搭载乘客；接人
I want to pick up Grandpa at the railway station．我想去火车站接爷爷。
(3)意外发现，获得；无意中学会
I don’t want you to pick up any bad habits of speech．我不想让你养成不良的说话习惯。
(4)收拾；整理
You should pick up the tools after work．工作结束后你应该把工具收拾好。
(5)(从电台、收音机)收听，接收
My radio can’t pick up the signal．我的收音机接收不到信号。
(6)加快(速度)
We began to pick up speed when we reached the freeway．我们到了高速公路的时候开始加速。
(7)(碰巧或廉价地)买到
He picked up most of the furniture in the town．
他大部分的家具都是在镇上买的。
(8)(生意、生产、天气、健康、社交生活等的)好转；改善；增强
He is beginning to pick up after the operation．手术后他的病有了起色。
(9)pick oneself up意为“(跌倒后)站起来”。
He picked himself up from the floor．他从地板上爬了起来。
重点句型
when作并列连词的用法
【原句回放】I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when I noticed people staring at us．我和我的美国朋友贾尼斯正在餐桌前边吃甜点边聊天，突然发现人们在注视着我们。
【点拨】when作并列连词的用法
when在本句中起并列连词的作用。它常与suddenly连用，表示一个意想不到的动作。连接并列分句时，第一个分句常用was／were doing，was／were about to do或have／had just done作谓语，when可换成and then，and at that time。
They Were having dinner when I called．我打电话时他们正在吃晚饭。
I was about to go out when he called on me．当他来造访时我正要外出。
The headmaster had already gone home when I got to his office．
我到他的办公室的时候校长已经回家了。
That’s why...
【原句回放】That’s why surfing is such a popular sport．那就是冲浪之所以成为一项如此普及的体育运动的原因。
【点拨】That’s why...“那是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
He is ill，and that’s why he hasn’t come．他病了，所以没有来。
【链接】
That’s why...“那是……的原因”，why后接结果。
That’s because...“那是因为……”，because后接原因。
The reason why...is that...“……的理由是……”，reason作主语时，表语从句用that引导。
such a popular sport一项如此普及的运动
Golf is such a popular sport．高尔夫是一项很流行的运动。
【链接】
(1)当such与冠词连用时，such为前位限定词；当such与all，no，every，each，another，other，several，few，many，one，two等一起用时，such为后位限定词。
We shouldn’t believe such a lie．我们不应该相信这种谎言。
There is no such student in our class．我们班里没有这样的学生。
(2)such as例如 such as it is虽说不多，尽管不好
as such从字面意义看 ... and such诸如此类的事物，人
such...that...如此……以致…… such and such如此这般
含有虚拟语气的表语从句
【原句回放】Beijing has such a long and interesting history so my advice to your friend is that he should visit as many historical places as possible．北京具有非常悠久且有趣的历史，因此，我对你朋友的建议是：他应尽可能多地参观一些历史圣地。
【点拨】that he should...为含有虚拟语气的表语从句。
在表示建议、命令、主张、目的、愿望等意义的名词后面的表语从句和同位语从
句要用虚拟语气。谓语动词形式为“(should+)动词原形”。
Their plan is that they should build a new factory in their hometown．(表语从句)
他们的计划是在家乡建一座新工厂。
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help．(同位语从句)
我们接受了他的建议，我们应该请求老师帮助。
【链接】
有相同用法的名词有：
resolution决心，决议 pray祈祷 decision决定
motion提议 suggestion建议 recommendation推荐
order命令 preference优先权 desire愿望
necessity必要性 proposal提议 demand要求
request要求 advice劝告 requirement要求
idea主意、想法
It is said that...
【原句回放】It is said that there are more than 200 different kinds! 据说有200多种呢！
【点拨】It is said that...意为“据说……，听说……”。为主语从句句型。
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing．据说格林先生已经到了北京。
【链接】
常见的主语从句句型有：
(1)It + be+过去分词(said，reported，thought，expected，decided，announced，arranged，etc.) + that从句。
It is expected that the weather will be good soon．预料天气会很快好起来。
(2)It + be + 名词词组(no wonder，a wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity，no surprise，etc．)+that从句。
It is no surprise that their team was defeated．他们队失手并不奇怪。
(3)It + seems／happens等不及物动词或短语+that从句。
It happened that I knew the man．碰巧我认识那个人。
(4)It doesn’t matter(makes no difference，etc.) + 连接词引导的主语从句。
It makes no difference which road you take．你走哪条马路都无关紧要。
(5)当that引导的主语从句出现在疑问句中时，要以it作形式主语，而把主语从句后置。
Is it necessary that he (should) be sent there at once?有必要马上派他到那里去吗?
be about to do... when...
【原句回放】He was just about to attack them，when the hunters heard the baby．他刚要向他们进攻，这时猎人们听到了婴儿的声响。
【点拨】be about to do... when...刚要做……这时……
She was about to have dinner when some guests came．她刚要吃晚饭，这时来了一些客人。
【链接】
be on the point of doing sth．when...正要做……这时……
was／were doing...when...正在做……这时……
had done...when...刚做完……这时……
I was on the point of going to bed when you rang．你打电话的时候我正要去睡觉。
I was reading a book when the telephone rang．我正在看书，这时电话响了。
We had just left the village when it began to rain．我们刚刚离开村子天就开始下起雨来了。
现在分词短语作状语
【原句回放】Kino and Juana walked back to the town carrying the body of their dead baby．凯诺和胡安娜抱着他们已经死了的婴儿的尸体走回城镇。
【点拨】carrying the body ... 为现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随情况。现在分词短语作状语，表示方式、伴随或补充说明时，常置于句末，可扩展成一个并列分句。
The girl was left alone in the room，weeping bitterly(＝and was weeping bitterly)．
女孩被独自留在房间，在痛苦地哭泣。
He sat at the table reading a magazine(＝and read a magazine)．他坐在桌子旁读杂志。
He stood at the station waiting for the bus(＝and waited for the bus)．他站在车站等公共汽车。
Tom came in，singing happily(＝and sang happily)．汤姆快乐地唱着歌进来了。
Don’t sit there doing nothing(＝and do nothing)．别什么也不干坐在那里。
巩固练习
单词拼写（根据汉语意思或首字母。共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1. He is ______ （熟悉）with three languages.
2. He was dead on ______ （到达）at the nearby hospital.
3. Climate and weather affect every ______（方面）of our lives.
4. The scientists are ______ （慎重的）about using enzyme（酶疗法）therapy on humans.
5. She sat on Ross’s knee as he ______ （低语，耳语）in her ear.
6. These books b______ to me.
7. He a______ labels to all his bags.
8. What’s the p______ of your city?
9. In the end, the ______（相反的事实）proved true: he was innocent and she was guilty.
10. The ice is too thin to ______（承受）your weight.
11. They ______（原谅）us our rudeness.
短语翻译（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
1. 对……熟悉
2. 注视
3. 破坏习俗
4. 与……相似
5. once in a while
6. insist on(doing) sth. [
7. see…off
8. keep on doing sth.
9. in a whisper
10. be cautious about sth.
根据汉语意思完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
1. 你的名字我很熟悉。
Your name ______ ______ ______ me.
2. 一旦出版，这本词典将会非常畅销！
______ printed, this dictionary will be very popular!
3. 上次我和你见面之后，你到哪里去了？
Where have you been______ I last saw you?
4. 我正要外出，这时天下起雨来。
I was about to go out ______ it began to rain.
5. 长时间盯着一个人看是不礼貌的。
It’s not polite to ______ ______ a person for a long time.[
翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
1. She lives alone in a lonely house, but she doesn’t feel lonely.

2. 我们大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息。

3. 他去飞机场为他的朋友们送行。

4. 当看到太阳从海平面上冉冉升起时，我们高兴的欢呼起来。

5. 当你刷牙的时候不要让水一直流着。

单项填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
1. After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice ______ him.
A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call
2. Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, ______ on your feet.
A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept
3. The man insisted ______ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.
A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding
4. John is leaving for London tomorrow and I will ______ him ______ at the airport.
A. send ; away B. see; off C. leave; off D. show; around
5. David moved ______ forward and looked over the edge.
A. accurately B. cautiously C. disappointedly D. sadly
6. She insisted that Tom ______ her car and insisted that he ______ into prison.
A. had stolen; be put B. should steal; should be put
C. had stolen; was put D. should steal; was put
7. — How about two o’clock outside the school gate ?
— That ______ me fine.
A. suits B. fits C. meets D. satisfies
8. The geographical ______ between Qingdao and Weihai is that they are both seaside cities.
A. feature B. similarity C. region D. purpose
9. ______ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree ______ out of her life.
A. Saw; frightened B. Seen; frightened
C. Seeing; frightened D. To see; frightening
10. Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she ______ since her marriage to Father.
A. shoulders B. shouldered
C. is shouldering D. has been shouldering
答案与解析
单词拼写
1 .familiar 2. arrival 3. aspect 4. cautious 5. whispered 6. belong
7. attached 8. population 9. contrary 10. bear 11. forgave
短语翻译
1. be familiar with… 2. stare at 3. break a custom 4. be similar to…
5. 偶尔；有时 6. 坚持（做）某事 7. 为（某人）送行
8. 反复不断地做某事 9. 低声地 10. 小心；留意
根据汉语意思完成句子
1. is familiar to 2. Once 3. since 4. when 5. stare at
翻译句子
1. 她独自一人住在一所偏僻的房子里，但她并不感到孤独。
2. We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.
3. He went to the airport to see his friends off.
4. Seeing the sun rising above the surface of the sea, we let out a shout of joy.
5. Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
单项填空
1. A calling作宾补，voice与call之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的主动形式作补语。
2. B 句意：埃玛，坐下。一直站立着，你将只会使你自己更加疲劳。从题干中可知，这里是非谓语动词作条件状语。keeping on your feet=if you keep on your feet。having kept表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不符合语境，故可排除C项。动词不定式不能作条件状语，故排除A、D两项。故选项B正确。
3. C 句意：即便是我告诉他我就住在这附近，但他还是坚持为我找了辆出租车。insist on doing sth.“坚持做某事”。
4. B 前一分句说约翰要去伦敦，后一分句谈到机场，那自然与“送行”有关。
5. B 句意：戴维小心翼翼地往前挪，从边缘向下张望。accurately“精确地”；cautiously“警惕地；慎重地”；disappointedly“失望地”；sadly“悲哀地”。可以判断出这个人在小心谨慎地移动。故选B。
6. A 第一个insist意为“坚持认为”，从句用陈述语气；第二个insist意为“坚持要求”，从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“should+动词原形”的形式，should可以省略。
7. A meet 与 satisfy 作“合适”讲时，宾语为need，即“满足需要”；fit指大小、形状、尺寸吻合；suit多指合乎需要、口味、条件等。
8. B 句意：青岛与威海地理位置的相似之处就是他们都是沿海城市。由句意可知选similarity意为“相似处”。
9. C seeing the big snake为现在分词短语作时间状语，相当于when she saw the bid snake。 frightened out of her life为过去分词短语作伴随状语，故选C项。
10. D 句意：母亲想成为一名优秀的养家糊口之人，这是她在嫁给父亲之后一直在担当的角色。since表示“从……一直到现在”，并且这一动作还将持续下去，故此处的时态为现在完成时。