北师大版高中英语模块5 Unit 15 Learning 语言点1

Unit 15 Learning 语言点（1）
学习目标
重点词汇
qualification, secure, blank, suspect, instruct, distinguish, alternative, pace, reflect, loose select

重点短语
lay off // swell with, frankly speaking, aside from, contribute to,
to a certain extent

重点句型
It’s (high) time + that 从句
get + 过去分词
表语中的不定式省略
知识讲解
重点词汇
qualification
【原句回放】Because of my new qualification, I’m getting promoted at work. 因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。
【点拨】qualification n．资格，资历，合格证书；限制，限定性条件
常用搭配：without qualification没有严格限制条件，毫不保留
He has no qualification for this job. 他没有资格从事这项工作。
Jack has obtained a medical qualification. 杰克取得了行医资格证书。
I can recommend him without qualification. 我可以毫无保留地推荐他。
【拓展】qualify vt. 使具备资格
qualified adj. 有资格的
This test will qualify you to fly an aircraft.
这次考试将使你取得驾驶飞机的资格。
There is only one man qualified for the job.
仅有一个人能胜任这个工作。
secure
【原句回放】I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure full-time job. 我决定再给自己一次机会，在保持一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末的时间学习以取得学位。
【点拨】secure adj. 稳定的，无忧无虑的
vt. 使安全；保卫
常用搭配：be secure against / from 没有……的危险
be secure of 对……有把握，确信
feel secure about / as to 对……觉得放心
secure (sth.) against / from 使（某物）免遭……
The document shall be kept in a secure place.
文件应保管在安全的地方。
I feel secure about my future. 我对未来感到放心。
Some measures are needed to secure the farmland against the shifting sand.
应采取措施确保农田免受流沙侵袭。
【拓展】safe和secure
1. safe主要指人或物未遭受危险或损害。
2. secure着重指由于环境等因素而使人产生的安全感，含可以不必担心或害怕的意味。
It is not safe to drive like that. You must slow down.
那样开车是不安全的,你必须减速。
blank
【原句回放】Three months ago，when my managers told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger. 三个月前，当经理告诉我，我将要下岗时，我的脑海一片空白，满腔怒火。
【点拨】blank adj. 空白的，茫然的
n. 空白，空白处
常用搭配：go blank 变得一片空白（此短语是系表结构）
My mind went completely blank and I forgot what I was to do.
我的脑子一片空白，连我要做什么都忘记了。
I can’t remember where I’ve left my umbrella; my mind’s a complete blank!
我想不起来把伞丢在哪儿了，我的大脑一片空白。
Write your name in the blank. 在空白处写上你的名字。
suspect
【原句回放】I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry. 我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，使我想哭。
【点拨】suspect v．怀疑
n．嫌疑犯，可疑分子
常用搭配：suspect sb.of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做过)某事
suspect sb.to be 怀疑某人是……
I suspected his motive to do it. 我怀疑他做这事的动机。
The suspect was taken to the police station.
嫌疑犯已被带到警察局。
He was suspected of stealing the money.
他被怀疑偷了这些钱。
【拓展】suspect与doubt
suspect指猜疑、疑心，肯定意味较重。
doubt多指因证据还不能肯定而产生怀疑，有否定意味。
I suspect he was lying by the boy’s abnormal behaviour. (更侧重相信)
从那个男孩的反常举动中,我怀疑他在撒谎。
She was very angry with you, because you seemed to doubt what she had said. （更侧重不相信）
她对你很生气,因为你似乎不相信她说的话。
instruct
【原句回放】I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered. 于是让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。
【点拨】instruct v．教导，指导
常用搭配：instruct sb. in sth. = instruct sb. to do sth. 指示某人（做）某事
She instructed me in the use of the mobile phone.
她教我使用移动电话。
After having been instructed to drive out of town，I began to acquire confidence.
在接到把车开出城的指令后，我开始信心十足了。
【拓展1】比较：instruct，teach与educate
1. instruct 指给予某人某一科目有系统的必要知识。
He instructs classes in chemistry. 他教化学。
2. teach 系普通的用词。
Who taught you to ride a bicycle？谁教你骑自行车的？
3. educate 指系统传授知识和思想道德方面的才能和修养。
He was educated in law. 他受过法律教育。
【拓展2】instruction n．指示，指导，指令，用法说明(书)
distinguish
【原句回放】If the room hadn’t been dark, he would have distinguished the two pictures. 如果那个房间不是那么暗的话，他就会区分开那两幅画了。
【点拨】distinguish vt.& vi. 辨别，区别；显示......的差别；使......有所不同
常用搭配：distinguish ... from ... 把……与……加以区分
　　 distinguish between ... and... 把……与……加以区分
　　 distinguish oneself 使自己与众不同; 使自己扬名
　　 distinguish sb. by ... 凭借……辨认某人
I can distinguish them at a distance. 我在远处能够辨认出他们。
Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分那两个物体吗？
Speech distinguishes man from the animals. 说话的能力把人与动物区别开来。
【拓展】distinguished adj. 卓越的，杰出的，著名的
alternative
【原句回放】Jack had a “traditional” education and Nicholas had an “alternative” one. 杰克接受的是传统教育而尼古拉斯接受的是选择性教育。
【点拨】alternative adj. 可选择的；另类的
n．可供选择的事物
常用搭配：have no alternative but (to do) 除……之外别无选择
If this plan is not accepted, we have an alternative plan.
如果这个计划不被接受，我们还有另一个计划可供选择。
We took the alternative of walking. 我们选择了步行。
There was no other alternative but to fight till the victory.
除了战斗到胜利，别无选择。
【拓展】辨析alternative和choice
alternative 常指在两者之间作出选择。
choice 常指一般意义上的选择。
pace
【原句回放】Students study at their own pace and the teachers seldom set tests. 学生按照自己的节奏学习，老师很少进行考试。
【点拨】pace n. 步速，速度，（一）步
常用搭配：at one’s own pace 以适合自己的速度
keep pace with 跟上……的步伐
We encourage all the students to work at their own pace.
我们鼓励所有的学生按照自己的节奏学习。
She works so fast that I can’t keep pace with her.
她工作得如此快，以至于我跟不上她的速度。
The film director put the new actor through his paces.
电影导演测试了一下新演员的演技。
【拓展】speed，rate和pace
speed 普通用语，指单位时间内行进的固定速度或速率，也可指可能达到的最高速度。
rate 作“速度”讲时，与speed，可换用；作速率讲时，指相对增长的速度，也指两种相比较而得出的速度。
pace 普通用词，指步行的速度，常引申指活动的进度或生产率。
reflect
【原句回放】Our school motto reflects the importance we place on good manners, hard work and success. 我们的校训反映着我们对良好的修养、勤奋工作以及成功的重视。
【点拨】reflect vt.反映；反射
常用搭配：reflect on 仔细思考
A man’s actions reflect his thoughts.
人的行动反映出他的思想。
The water reflected her face.
水中映出了她的脸。
You need time to reflect on your choice.
你需要时间来思考你的选择。
【拓展】reflection n. 反映；（关于某课题的）思考；反射
loose
【原句回放】loose conduct
【点拨】loose adj. 松动的，不牢的，松的；意义含糊的；不严谨的，不精确的
常用搭配：loose conduct行为不检点，品行不端正
get/come loose松开，松掉
break loose挣脱；爆发；逃脱
cut loose砍断(船的缆绳等)；挣脱束缚；获得自由
let loose释放；发泄(愤怒等)；痛痛快快地说；自由自在地行动
Loose clothes are comfortable than tight ones.
宽大的衣服比紧小的衣服穿起来舒服。
I tied the boat to the tree but it got loose later.
我把船系在树上，可它后来松开了。
She broke loose from her mother’s embrace and crossed to the window.
她从妈妈怀抱里挣脱出来，走到窗前。
【拓展】loosen vt.& vi.松开，解开，放松
select
【原句回放】Well, select another one then. 那就另选一张（桌子）吧。
【点拨】select vt. 挑选，选择
Our shops select only the very high-quality products.
我们商店都是精选的质量非常高的产品。
She selected a diamond ring from the collection.
她从收藏品中挑选了一枚钻石戒指。
【拓展1】selection n.选择，挑选，被挑选的人/ 物
【拓展2】select, choose和pick out
select表示从几个东西中经过权衡之后进行的选择；
choose 侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重指被选者的优点。
pick out 口语用词，强调“从个人角度在众多事物中进行挑选”，有时含有“任意选择”的意思。
We choose her a nice birthday present.
我们给她挑选了一件精致的生日礼物。
I want to pick out some new ties to give to my friends as Christmas presents.
我要选些新领带，送给我的朋友们作为圣诞礼物。
重点短语
lay off // swell with
【原句回放】Three months ago，when my managers told me that I would be laid off，my mind went blank and my heart swelled with anger. 三个月前，当经理告诉我，我将要下岗时，我的脑海一片空白，满腔怒火。
【点拨1】lay off裁员，解雇
Harry was laid off for six months during the recession.
在经济衰退时期，哈利下岗了六个月。
A company employing ten workers might lay off two in bad times.
一家雇十个工人的公司可能在困难时期裁掉两人。
【拓展】lay的常用短语：
lay on 提供，供应；款待
lay out布置，花费；击打
lay up 贮存，卧床不起
lay the table摆餐具
【点拨2】swell with 充满，因为……涨/肿起（过去式swelled，过去分词swelled/ swollen）
Her heart swelled with pride when she watched her daughter play the piano.
当她注视着女儿弹钢琴时，心中充满了骄傲。
Hearing that his friend died in the accident, his heart swelled with sadness.
当他听说他的朋友在事故中丧生时，心中充满悲伤。
Her face swelled with the toothache.
她的脸由于牙疼而肿了起来。
frankly speaking
【原句回放】Frankly speaking，the last four years have been hard work，but it’s been worth it！
坦白地说，过去的四年很辛苦，但是很值得！
【点拨】frankly speaking坦白地说（作独立状语成分，speaking的形式不受上下文的影响）
Frankly speaking, I’m not in favour of your opinions.
坦率地说，我不支持你的观点。
【拓展】类似短语：
strictly speaking严格说来
generally speaking一般说来
judging from/by...根据……来判断
to start/begin with一开始，首先
to tell you the truth说实话
Generally speaking，the more you pay，the more you get.
一般来说，花钱多，买的东西就多。
Judging by her last letter，they are having a wonderful time.
从她上封信看，他们过得非常愉快。
aside from
【原句回放】And aside from emailing，it’s fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam. 除了收发电子邮件，我用网上镜头看到了在美国的外孙并且同他们谈话，太有趣了。
【点拨】aside from除……之外（相当于apart from，except for（除了，只是）和besides）
Aside from that little problem，the day was perfect.
除了那个小问题外，那天过得好极了。
Aside from the technological requirements of the new system，other important issues have to be resolved. 除了新系统的技术要求，其他重要问题已经解决了。
contribute to
【原句回放】Our goal is to contribute to the students’ whole being by giving each of them real-life skills. 我们的目标是通过给予每个学生真实生活的技能以促进他们的全面发展。
【点拨】contribute to促成，有助于，捐款给，投稿
注意：此短语中to 是介词，其后接名词、代词或动名词形式。
The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the suburbs.
公路的建造将有助于郊区的发展。
She contributed to the hospital.她捐助了这家医院。
【拓展】contribution n．贡献，捐献(物)，稿件
常用搭配：make a contribution/contributions to对……做出贡献
Everyone should make a contribution/contributions to our society.
每一个人都应该为我们的社会做出贡献。
to a certain extent
【原句回放】To a certain extent, you’re right. 在某种程度上，你是对的。
【点拨】to a certain extent 在某种程度上 (＝to some extent)
To a certain extent, it was my fault that we lost the chance.
我们失去这次机会在某种程度上是我的错。
I agree with you to a certain extent. 我在某种程度上同意你。
【拓展】extent 构成的短语
to a great extent 很大程度上，非常
to some extent 某种程度上，（多少）有一点
to such an extent that 到这样的程度以致
to the extent of 到……的程度
重点句型
It’s (high) time + that 从句
【原句回放】I decided that it was time I became an Internet user. 我决定该是成为互联网用户的时候了。
【点拨】It’s (high) time + that 从句
注意：此句型的从句谓语动词常用一般过去时或should+动词原形，should不可以省略。也可以用about修饰time。
It’s high time that the article were published.
发表这篇文章是适时的。
It’s time you should do cleaning.
你该去打扫卫生了。
It’s time you looked ahead and made plans for your retirement.
是你为以后想一想并对退休后的生活做出安排的时候了。
【拓展】同义表达：It’s time for sb. to do sth.
该是孩子们上床的时间了。
It’s time the kids were in bed.
=It’s time for the kids to be in bed.
get + 过去分词
【原句回放】Because of my new qualification, I’m getting promoted at work. 因为我拥有的新资质，我在工作上得以晋升。
【点拨】get done
　　1. 系动词get后跟过去分词作表语，过去分词有被动含义，意为“进入或变成某种状态”。
　　2. 部分过去分词已转化成形容词。get done相当于be done，但更强调动作的结果，体现动作性。
　　常见短语有:
　　get burnt 烧伤/烫伤 　　　　 get hurt 受伤　　　 get dressed/changed 穿/换衣服
　　get broken 断了，碎了　　 get married结婚　　 get separated分散　　
　　get lost 迷路　　　 　　　　 get killed被杀　　　 get paid拿工资
　　get stuck 被困住，被卡在　　 get drowned 溺水 　 get caught in 陷入，遭到
　　The computer got damaged when we were moving. 搬家时计算机弄坏了。
　　My bike is getting repaired now. 我的自行车正在修理。
　　My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. 我打篮球时眼镜打破了。
　　Peter and Mary got married last year. 彼得和玛丽去年结婚了。
　　Don’t get caught in the heavy snow. 别被大雪困住了。
表语中的不定式省略
【原句回放】So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you’ve ever learnt. 很多人认为退休后你所能做的就是关闭大脑，埋葬所学过的任何东西。
【点拨】表语中的不定式省略
当不定式作表语，且其前有实义动词do的任何形式时，作表语的不定式常省略to，如switch off在原句中是不定式，用来作表语，省略了to。再如：
All you need to do is ask yourself some questions.
你需要做的是问自己一些问题。
What the wounded need to do is lie down very still.
伤员们需要做的是躺下来静止不动。
The only thing he did in class was nod in sleep.
他上课时所做的唯一一件事就是打瞌睡。
【拓展】 “do nothing but do”句型
注意：介词but/except前面因为有了实义动词do，but和except后所接的不定式省略to。
He did nothing but watch TV all the day.他除了整天看电视什么也不做。
对比：He is so poor and has no choice but to drop school.
他太穷了，没有别的选择，只有辍学了。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. The still water __________ (反射出) the full moon.
2. Nicholas is old enough to _________ (区别) the difference between right and wrong.
3. The college advertised for a teacher to _________ (指导) their students in cooking.
4. The final team ________ (选择) will be made tomorrow. Are you nervous?
5. The balloon gradually _________ (膨胀) and then slowly flew up into the sky.
6. It was groundless to _________ (怀疑) him of stealing the jewellery from the store.
7. If people find out what you are doing, it will ruin your ______________ (名声)．
8. With women working outside, their social s_________ has increased in consequence.
9. Though the stone bridge was built a hundred years ago, it is still s_________ today.
10. The locals mainly live on rice, which is the c_________ crop grown in that area.
二、根据汉语提示，完成句子。
swell with, loose conduct, lay off, aside from, go blank,
keep pace with， to some extent, dream of, switch off, contribute to
1. When your mind __________, you are unable to remember anything or think properly.
2. __________ cleaning the offices, she had to cook three meals for the boss every day.
3. The little boy has been __________ becoming an astronaut when he grows up.
4. Many workers were __________ for lack of new orders.
5. Make sure the electricity __________ before you leave for a holiday.
6. It’s important for a firm to ________________ changes in the market.
7. All these factors ________________ his success.
8. The river has ____________ melted snow. It’s dangerous to cross the river.
9. ____________, it was your brother who saved my life.
10. Behave yourself! Any ___________ will have bad effects on your reputation.
三、单项选择
1. The fastest runner ________ and the others followed.
A．kept pace　　　B．set the pace C．paced D．walked
2. The better use you can make ________ time，the greater contributions you will make ________ society.
A．in；to　　　　 B．of；to C．on；for D．up；for
3. Usually a child’s behaviour is a ________ of his family environment.
A．recognition　 B．reflection C．return D．record
4. He was________ of selling state secrets and arrested last month.
A．doubted B．suspected C．respected D．inspected
5．________，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.
A．General speaking B．Speaking general
C．Generally speaking D．Speaking generally
6．In the global financial crisis some US firms plan to________ workers by the thousand.
A．lay in B．lay off C．lay down D．lay aside
7. Many football fans attached great importance to the match, because China needed to beat Iran to ensure ________ for the Asian Cup semi-finals.
A. outcome B. conservation C. qualification D. introduction
8. They finally managed to ________ the food supply to the disaster area.
A. protect B. acquire C. secure D. develop
9. In this school, the students have three ________ courses, and seven ________ courses.
A. required; alternative B. requiring; alternative
C. required; alternate D. requiring; alternate
10. —What do you think of my proposal?
—I agree with you _______.
A. to some extent B. mainly C. to be exact D. to start with
11. ________ bicycles, our factory also produces motor bikes and motorcars.
A. Aside from B. Except C. Except for D. Beside
12. His father shook his fist, his voice ________ anger.
A. sharing with B. filling with C. starting with D. swelling with
13. My mind suddenly _______ when I heard the news that my father was laid off by the company.
A. got changed B. got confused C. went blank D. went white
14. What I advise you to do is _______ to the hospital and have a thorough examination.
A. has gone B. go C. gone D. have gone
15. The man got _______ in the mire (泥潭) and started falling when he was saved.
A. stuck 　　　B. shocked　　　 C. stricken 　　　D. struck
16. All the characteristics that distinguish birds ________ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.
A. to 　　　　B. between 　　　C. for 　　　　D. from
17. The sales manager asked his men to ____ him of everything concerning the sales in time.
A. inform B. instruct C. intend D. imply
18. --- What will you do during the summer holiday?
--- I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.
A. I’m deciding B. I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide
19. Now more and more college students ________ to go and work in the west provinces of China.
A. pick B. elect C. select D. choose
20. The dress is rather _______ and it doesn’t fit me at all.
A. beautiful B. lost C. loose D. kind
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. reflected 2. distinguish 3. instruct 4. selection 5. swelled
6. suspect 7. reputation 8. status 9. secure 10. chief
疑难解析：
7. reputation 名声，名气 8. status地位；身份 10. chief 级别最高的，主要的
二、选词填空
1. goes blank 2. Aside from 3. dreaming of 4. laid off
5. is switched off 6. keep pace with 7. contributed to 8. swollen with
9. To some extent 10. loose conduct
疑难解析：
3. dream of 梦想到 5. switch off（用开关）关掉
三、单项选择
1. B。句意：跑得最快的人定下速度，其他人跟着。keep pace (with)意为“跟上……的速度”，与题意不符；pace充当动词意为“来回走动”，也不符合题意；walk更不符合题意。set the pace意为“定下速度”。
2. B。make use of意为“利用”，句中先行词被定语从句you can make ________ time修饰，省略的关系代词that代替use，与make... of构成短语；make contributions to对……做出贡献。
3. B。句意：孩子的行为通常能反映出他的家庭环境。recognition识别，认识；reflection反映；return归还，返回；record记录。由句意可知B项符合题意。
4. B。表示“怀疑某人做了某事”，用suspect sb. of doing sth.，所以选B。doubt 表示“怀疑”，暗指不相信某人做了某事，不合题意；respect 尊敬；inspect 检查，视察。
5. C。generally speaking 表示“总的说来”，注意要用副词修饰动词，排除A、B；而generally这样的表示状态的副词一般放动词前。所以选C。
6. B。因为经济危机，所以一些美国公司计划裁员，所以选B（lay off 裁员）。lay in 储存；lay down 放下，放弃；lay aside 放弃，储存。
7. C。句意：很多球迷都很关注这场比赛，因为中国队需要战胜伊朗队才能确保获得亚洲杯半决赛的资格。这里的qualification意为“资格”，符合题意；outcome 结果；conservation 保存；introduction 介绍，引进。
8. C。句意：他们最后成功做到了确保灾区的食物供应。secure 是及物动词，相当于ensure，和food supply搭配，表示确保食物供应；protect 保护某物不受伤害；acquire 意为“获得”；develop意为“发展”，不合题意。
9. A。句意：在这所学校，学生有三门必修课，七门选修课。前空用过去分词required修饰courses，因为两者之间是被动关系；后空意思为“选择的，选其一的”，形容词alternative 符合题意。
10. A。句意：——你觉得我的提议怎么样？——我在一定程度上同意你的提议。to some extent 某种程度上；mainly 主要的；to be exact 确切的；to start with 首先，开始。
11. A。句意：除了自行车，我们工厂也生产摩托车和汽车。aside from在此句中相当于besides，表示“除了……还”，不能选except（除了……）和except for （所排除的事物与总类事物不是一类，只是其部分细节）。beside 在……旁边。
12. D。句意：他的父亲摇晃着拳头，声音里饱含愤怒。swell with 充满；filled with 被充满（用过去分词）；share with 分享；start with 以……开始。
13. C。听到父亲被公司解雇了，大脑一片空白，表示“变得一片空白”，用go blank；get changed 换衣服；get confused 感动困惑。go white 变成白色。
14. B。句意；我建议你做的就是到医院去进行一次彻底检查。主语部分含有实意动词do，作表语的不定式省略to，故选B。
15. A。get stuck 被困在，被卡在。shock 使震惊；stricken 患病地，愁苦的；struck 是strike的过去式，意为“打动、打、击”。句意：那个人陷入了泥潭，得救时已开始下沉了。
16. D。distinguish A from B 把A和B区分开。句意：所有这些把鸟与其他动物区分开来的特征可以追溯到史前时期。
17. A。inform sb. of sth. 表示“告知某人某事”，符合题意；instruct 指导；intend 打算；imply 暗示。以上三个选项不合题意。
18. C。it’s high time that … 句型中从句的谓语一般用虚拟语气，形式是一般过去时或should+动词原形，should不能省略。所以选C。
19. D。句意；现在越来越多的大学生选择去中国西部省份去工作。choose to do 意为“选择做某事”，符合题意。pick 摘，挑选；elect 选举；select 精心挑选。
20. C。从下文可知，衣服不合身，所以不选A（美丽的）；表示衣服太松了，选loose；lost 迷路的；kind 善良的。