北师大版高中英语模块5 Unit 15 Learning 语言点2
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语模块5 Unit 15 Learning 语言点2 |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-11-13 11:07:37 | ||
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Unit 15 Learning 语言点（2）
学习目标
重点词汇
pour, lack, access, worthwhile/ worthy acquire, accustomed,
ignore // tend, assume, urge, inspire, adapt, beneficial
重点短语
add up to, set off, put forward, approve of, in conclusion, at times
重点句型
even though/ even if引导的状语从句
同位语从句
with复合结构
知识讲解
重点词汇
pour
【原句回放】I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off. 我还记得他让我把一些火药倒进火箭里，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。
【点拨】pour vt. 倒，灌，蜂拥而来
vi. 倾泻
常用搭配：
pour into 涌入 pour out 倾诉，倾吐
She poured wine into the glasses.
她把酒倒入玻璃杯。
Sweat poured down from his face.
汗珠不断从他的脸上流下来。
She poured out her trouble to me over a cup of coffee.
她边喝咖啡边向我倾诉她的苦恼。
lack
【原句回放】...but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself. ……但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。
【点拨】lack
1. lack缺乏，没有
注意：lack多是及物动词；作不及物动词时常用lack for，此短语不用于进行体和被动结构，多用于否定句，用法正式。
He lacked the courage to do it. 他缺乏做这件事的勇气。
I lack words with which to express my thanks. 我无法用语言表达我的谢意。
Space lacks for a detailed description of it. 篇幅有限,不能对此详加描述。
2. lack n. [U] 缺乏，没有(常与of连用)
There was no lack of water. 这儿不缺水。
The plants died for lack of water. 那些植物因缺水而枯死了。
【拓展】(be) lacking (in) adj.（在……是）匮乏的，不足的
The necessary chemicals are lacking. 必要的化学药品缺乏。
He is lacking in responsibility. 他缺乏责任心。
access
【原句回放】The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn. 作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。
【点拨】access n [U] 接近或进入之路，通路；(使用或接近的)机会，权利
(常与介词to连用)
常用搭配：have/gain access to 可以获得/接近……
Every town has access to telephone lines.
各镇都已通了电话。
The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.
到那座古堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。
Only high officials had access to the president.
只有高级官员才有机会接近总统。
【拓展】accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的
The remote desert area is accessible only by helicopter.
只有乘直升机才能进入那遥远的荒漠地区。
worthwhile/ worthy
【原句回放】And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile. 如果我作为老师所做的工作能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为如此成功的一个成年人，那么我知道我做的一切都是值得的。
【点拨】worthwhile adj. 值得努力的；值得干的；有价值的（用作表语和定语）
常用搭配：it is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事
The visit to Paris was worthwhile. 去巴黎参观是值得的。
Here’s some worthwhile advice to any young businessman.
对任何年轻的商人来说，这儿有一些有价值的建议。
I don’t think it is worthwhile to explain/explaining to him. He simply can’t understand us.
我觉得不值得跟他解释，他根本就无法理解我们。
【拓展】对比：worth，worthy的用法
1. worth adj. 值得的
常用搭配：be worth＋n./doing sth. 值得某价钱/做某事（doing为主动形式表示被动含义）
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
任何值得做的事就值得做好。
2. worthy adj. 表示“值得的”，可以作表语和定语；作定语时常表示“有意义的；值得尊敬的；有出息的”。
常用搭配：
(sth.)+ be worthy of＋n./ being done sth. 某事值得做
(sth.)+be worthy to be done某事值得做
注意：两个句型中sth.与动词do是被动关系。
The project is worthy to be done/of being done. 那项工程值得一做。
The tie is worthy of the shirt. 领带与衬衣相配。
He was probably a worthy member of society.
他可能是一个令人起敬的社团成员。
记忆提示：注意worth、worthy和worthwhile三个词中只有worthy可能接被动形式，worth只作表语，worthy和worthwhile可以作定语。
acquire
【原句回放】It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. 我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎很显而易见。
【点拨】acquire vt.获得，得到
She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
她英语掌握得非常好。
He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.
他落得了不诚实的名声。
【拓展】acquire，gain与get
acquire多用于通过不断地学、问等慢慢地获取知识、技术等较抽象的东西。
gain表示付出更大的努力才能获得，常意为“赢得”。
get是“获得”的最普通用语。
accustomed
【原句回放】Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine... 尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎输入几个关键词……
【点拨】accustomed adj. 习惯了的；通常的
常用搭配：be/get accustomed to 习惯于（to为介词，接动词时用-ing形式）
Slowly my eyes were accustomed to the dark.
我的眼睛逐渐适应了黑暗。
I am not accustomed to walking long distances.
我不习惯于长距离的步行。
【拓展1】accustom vt. 使习惯于 He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.
他发现很难使他自己习惯早起。
【拓展2】同义短语：be/ get used to 习惯于（to为介词，后面跟动词的-ing形式）
He was a man who was accustomed/used to having five hours’ sleep a night.
他是那种习惯每晚只睡五个小时的人。
ignore // tend
【原句回放】The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. 教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。
【点拨1】ignore vt. 不顾，忽视
It would be a mistake to ignore their advice. 无视他们的忠告将是错误的。
It is not a question that can be ignored. 这不是个可以忽视的问题。
【拓展】ignorance n. 无知，愚昧
【点拨2】tend vi. 趋向, 往往是
vt. 照顾
常用结构：
tend to 往往会，倾向于，留意，注意（to是介词）
tend to do sth. 有做……倾向/趋势
Modern camera design tends to simplicity.
现代相机设计得越来越简单。
You’d better tend to your own affairs. 你还是管好自己的事情吧!
Women tend to live longer than men. 女性往往比男性长寿。
Since his mother was ill, he had to tend her at home. 因为母亲病了,他得在家照料她。
【拓展】tendency n. 倾向，趋势
assume
【原句回放】Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth？为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？
【点拨】assume vt. 假定，假设；认为
常用搭配assume…to be… 以为……是…… （to be可省略）
If he’s not here in five minutes，we’ll assume that he isn’t coming.
如果他五分钟之内不来，我们就假定他不来了。
Assuming it rains tomorrow，what will we do?
假设明天下雨，我们该做什么呢？
I had assumed him (to be) an American.
我原以为他是美国人。
【拓展1】assumption n. 假定，臆断
【拓展2】assume与guess
assume指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。
guess表示“猜测，猜想”，为最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
试一试：
1. Can you ________ the price?
2. I didn’t see your car，so I ________ you had gone out.
答案：1. guess 2. assumed
urge
【原句回放】At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, ... 起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，……
【点拨】urge vt. 力劝，强烈要求
常用搭配：
urge sb. to do sth. 督促某人做某事
urge sth. on/upon sb. 向某人强调、力陈某事
urge that... / it is urged that... 强烈要求……
（urge后的从句谓语动词用“?should?＋动词原形”，should可省）
When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette，it was more than I could bear.
当我的老朋友布赖恩怂恿我吸一支烟时，我实在熬不住了。
He urged on us the necessity of patience.
他对我们强调忍耐是必要的。
The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。
inspire
【原句回放】But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, … 但是即使是亚里士多德这样鼓舞了他之后的许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，……
【点拨】inspire v. 鼓舞，鼓励，引发，赋予……灵感；激发
常用搭配：
inspire sb. to sth. 鼓励某人某事
inspire sth. in sth. =inspire sb. with sth. 使某人产生……；鼓励某人……
We’re trying to inspire him with confidence.
我们在努力鼓舞他的自信心。
Need and struggle are what excite and inspire us.
需求和斗争使我们兴奋并受到鼓励。
【拓展】inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的，有灵感的（表示人的感情）
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 （表示事物的性质）
I was inspired to work harder than ever before.
我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。
The audience was carried away by his inspiring speech.
他鼓舞人心的发言使听众听入了神。
adapt
【原句回放】hard to adapt 很难适应
【点拨】
1. adapt vt. (使)适应
常用搭配：adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应某物/新情况
We have had to adapt ourselves quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
2. adapt vi. 适应
常用搭配：adapt to… 适应……
He has not yet adapted to the climate.
他还没有适应这种气候。
3. adapt vt. 改编；修改
常用搭配：adapt sth. for sth. 把……改写为……
adapt from 根据……改编
This novel has already been adapted for television.
这部小说已改编成电视剧。
【拓展】adaption n. 适应，改编（本）
beneficial
【原句回放】These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world. 他们懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有人说，对一个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。
【点拨】beneficial adj. 有用的；有益的
常用搭配：be beneficial to 对……有益
Sunshine is beneficial to plants. 阳光对植物有益。
The manager has signed a contract that is beneficial to our company.
那位经理已经签订了一项对我们公司有利的合同。
【拓展】benefit v．有益，获益
n. 利益
常用搭配：
benefit sb. 对某人有益
benefit from从……中获益
be of benefit to sb. 对……有益
What he said will benefit us in many ways.
他说的话在许多方面对我们有益。
重点短语
add up to
【原句回放】The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! 现在我对在学校所学的数学能够记得的唯一的东西是一个三角形的内角和等于180 度！
【点拨】add up to 合计达，总计
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
他所接受的全部的学校教育加起来不到一年。
【拓展】add的相关短语
add to 添加，增加
add...to 把……加到……上
add up 把……加起来
1. The money he spent added ________ more than $1,000.
2. The wonderful song added ________ our pleasure.
3. If you add two ________ five, you get seven.
4. Add ________ all the money I owe you.
答案：1. up to；2. to；3. to 4. up
set off
【原句回放】I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off. 我还记得他让我把一些火药倒进火箭里，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。
【点拨】set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起
They set off in search of the lost child.
他们出发寻找失踪的孩子。
The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch.
炸弹有可能被极其轻微的接触引爆。
On this day we set off fireworks in many places.
很多地方在这一天都燃放烟花。
That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.
那次罢工引起了遍及全国的一系列罢工。
【拓展】set的相关短语：
set up竖起；建立；开办 set down让某人下车；写下
set about (doing) sth. 着手处理某事 set out to do sth. 着手做某事
set out 启程；陈述 set aside 把……放在一边，留出，不理会
put forward
【原句回放】It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC). 因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德（384-322 BC）提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的观点，这也毫不奇怪。
【点拨】put forward vt. 提出；推荐，提名；提前、把（表等）往前拨 He rejected all the proposals put forward by the committee.
他拒绝了委员会提出的所有提议。
Your name was put forward as a possible team leader.
你被提名为队长候选人了。
My watch was slow so I put it forward ten minutes.
我的手表慢了，我往前拨了十分钟。
【拓展】put的相关短语：
put away 收拾；整理；储存（钱）；储存……备用
put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；扑灭
put aside 节省（钱、时间）；储蓄 put up with 忍受；忍耐
put up 建造；张贴 put on 穿上；演出
put together汇总
approve of
【原句回放】At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, ... 起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，……
【点拨】approve of赞成，赞许
My parents don’t approve of me smoking cigarettes.
我父母不赞成我吸烟。
We understand that you don’t approve of our idea.
我们了解你不赞成我们的想法。
【拓展】approve vt. 批准，通过
approval n. 赞同，批准
The course is approved by the Department for Education.
课程已获教育部核准。
in conclusion
【原句回放】in conclusion
【点拨】in conclusion总之，最后，作为结论
In conclusion, I’d like to say that you have to spend more time reading English passages.
最后，我想说你们必须多读英语文章。
【拓展】conclusion的相关短语
come to / arrive at/ draw / reach a conclusion 得出结论
jump to conclusions/ a conclusion 遂下决心；贸然决定
come to a conclusion 结束
bring … to a conclusion 使……结束
at times
【原句回放】But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times. 但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他以后许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也是错误的。
【点拨】at times有时，不时(＝sometimes)
At times I ride to the countryside to relax myself.
有时我骑车去乡下放松一下自己。
We hold a small party at times.
有时我们会举办一个小型聚会。
【拓展】time的相关短语：
at one time曾经 at a time一次
at all time一直 at no time决不
in no time立即，马上 for the first time 第一次（作状语）
the first time 第一次（引导状语从句）
I did this for the first time. 我第一次做这个。
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.
第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
重点句型
even though/ even if引导的状语从句
【原句回放】But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times. 但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他以后许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也是错误的。
【点拨】even if/ even though 即使，纵使（引导让步状语从句）
Even if we cannot agree, we should maintain our contact.
即使我们不能取得一致，我们也要保持联系。
I will make this radio work even if I have to stay up all night.
即使通宵不眠，我也要把这台收音机修好。
He’s the best teacher, even though he has the least experience.
他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。
【拓展】even if与even though
even if 更侧重假定性，even though更侧重说话人肯定了从句的事实。
同位语从句
【原句回放】I had no idea what an atom was and I didn’t really want to know either! 我不知道原子是什么，也真的不想知道。
【点拨】同位语从句
1. 同位语从句一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，information, question等后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。
2. 引导同位语从句的词有三类：
1）that：没有实际意义，只起连接作用，不能省略，因此从句一般是完整的句子。
2）whether：意为“是否”，注意不能用if代替。
3）有疑问含义的连接词what, which, who, 和how，when，where，why等。
4. 有时名词与同位语从句可能被定语或谓语动词隔开，称为分隔式同位语从句。
5. 同位语从句用陈述句语序。
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
The question who should be the first has not been settled.
谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。
Word came that the meeting had been put off. 消息传来说会议已经被延期了。
【拓展】某些表示“建议、要求、命令等”的名词，如demand, suggestion, order，后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，形式是“（should）+动词原形”。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
with复合结构
【原句回放】...and people like Galileo Galilei (1564～1642)，who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. ……像伽利略这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常会被教会惩罚而没有人为他们辩护。
【点拨】with复合结构
1. 此结构可以作状语和定语。
2. 此结构的组成是：with + 宾语 +宾语补足语。
作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语等，如果是动词，可以用不定式、动词-ing形式或过去分词。
With the years passing，his hair became white. 随着时光流逝，他的头发变白了。
（passing与the years是主动关系，动作正在进行，用-ing形式）
I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 有这么多碗碟要洗，我不能出去。
（因动作尚未发生，所以用不定式；to wash与the dishes虽然是被动关系，但句中主语I是wash动作的执行者，所以用主动形式。）
He lay in bed with his head covered. 他蒙着头躺在床上。
（his head与cover是被动关系，用过去分词表被动或动作已完成）
The naughty boy stood there before his teacher with his head down. (副词)
这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
She walked out in the rain, with her clothes all wet.（形容词）
她走进雨中，衣服全湿了。
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. （介词短语）
他手托着下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. We shouldn’t waste water. You know, not all the people in the world have a____ to clean drinking water.
2. Now, people still can’t understand completely how a child a_____ his mother tongue.
3. She works so hard so she r______ first in her class.
4. She is trying every possible means to i_____ children to read and write for fun.
5. We cannot i____ the fact that not all the children have access to good education nowadays.
6. People tend to make a____ about you based on your appearance.
7. Skillful employees are v_____ to the success of any company.
8. One or two glasses of wine can be b_____ to your health.
9. You can cook the meat either in a microwave or in a c_______ oven.
10. Pick the chair up instead of d_______ it behind you.
二、选词填空
从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
due to, at times, in other words, go against, to start with,
put forward, approve of, base on, as a whole, adapt to
1. She has moved to the south with her husband, because her parents don’t _____ her marriage.
2. You didn’t do well in the examination. ______, you failed this time.
3. His success is _____ his hard work and self-confidence.
4. John lives far away from his parents and only goes to visit them _________.
5. The suggestion you ______ will be discussed at the next meeting.
6. Scientists are always trying to draw conclusions _______facts.
7. Is the collection going to be divided up or sold ________?
8. Building the factory here would ______ the wishes of the local people.
9. ______, let’s go over what we learned last time.
10. Your eyes will ______ the dark slowly, when you enter a black room.
三、单项选择
1. Rita _____ two hours every Sunday afternoon to spend with her son.
A. set out B. set away C. set aside D. set off
2. The explorer got a disease in blood for the ____ of fresh vegetables and fruit.
A. sake B. lack C. ignorance D. benefit
3. —Does he often ask you for help?
—Oh, no, only____.
A. all the time B. at one time C. at a time D. at times
4. There is no access ________ the street ________ that door.
A．to；cross B．in；across C．to；through D．on；through
5. The Lake District scenery________ Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry.
A. inspired B. inspected C. respected D. expected
6. He is accustomed to_______ noise, because he lives right in the center of the city.
A. hear B. hearing C. being heard D. be heard
7. On feeling the earthquake, the teacher stayed calm in the front of the classroom, ________ all the students to rush out of the classroom as quickly as possible.
A. encouraging B. hoping C. demanding D. urging
8. She said she was not worthy _________the honor they had offered her.
A. to accept B. to be accepted C. accept D. accepting
9. The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ________ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A. added to B. added up to C. turned out D. made up
10. Having _______ the life in the school, we all experience great progress and excitement every day.
A. adapted B. adapted to C. adapted ourselves D. adapted by
11. They want to write literary books that are _______ to a general audience.
A. accessible B. active C. subject D. subjective
12. Be careful that you don’t set the fireworks _______ by mistake.
A. off B. down C. back D. up
13. His parents do not ________ of his going to work in Tibet.
A. agree B. admit C. approve D. allow
14. Experts have been warning ________ of the health risks caused by passive smoking.
A. at a time B. at one time C. for some time D. for the time
15. As she doesn’t like me she ________ me when we met.
A. ignored B. informed C. suspected D. embraced
16. —Look! How long _______ like this?
—Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain _______ without stopping these days of the year.
A. has it rained; pours B. has it been raining; pours
C. is it raining; is pouring D. it is raining; pours
17. My calculations were based on the _______ that house prices would remain steady.
A. appreciation B. arrangement C. assumption D. ambition
18. _______, please accept my best wishes for your family.
A. In conclusion B. In fact C. In all D. In time
19. I found her nice and honest _______ I saw her.
A. for the first time B. the first time C. at the first time D. at first
20. ________ news came _______ the flu was spreading among children.
A. Disturbing; that B. Disturbed; which C. Disturbing; which D. Disturbed; what
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. access 2. acquires 3. ranks 4. inspire 5. ignore
6. assumption 7. vital 8. beneficial 9. conventional 10. dragging
疑难解析：
3. rank 排列 7. vital 至关重要的，生死攸关的 9. conventional 传统的
10. drag 拖曳，缓慢前行
二、选词填空
1. approve of 2. in other words 3. due to 4. at times 5. put forward
6. based on 7. as a whole 8. go against 9. To start with 10. adapt to
三、单项选择
1. C。句意：Rita每周日下午都留出两个小时的时间与儿子在一起。set aside 留出； set out 出发，着手；set off 出发，引起，点燃。
2. B。for the lack of表示“因缺少……”符合题意。for the sake of 为了；ignorance 无知，不知；benefit 益处，好处。
3. D。根据句意，所需的那个词与often形成对应。不是经常求助而只是偶尔为之，能表达“有时，偶尔”意思的只有“at times”。
4. C。句意：穿过此门无法进入那条街道。access常与介词to连用；“穿过”门用介词through，故选C。across 横穿，从一边到另一边。
5. A。句意：（英格兰）湖区的美景给了华兹华斯灵感而创作出他最伟大的诗篇。inspire 激励，激发；inspect 检查，视察；respect 尊敬；expect 预期。
6. B。be accustomed to 表示“习惯于”，其中to是介词，所以后面接动词-ing形式；句子的主语he与hear是主动关系，所以选B。
7. D。encourage 意为“鼓励”，不符合语境；hope，demand一般不接sb. to do sth.，排除；urge 表示“督促，催促”，符合题意。
8. A。 sth.+be worthy to be done 或 sth. + be worthy of being done 是固定搭配，sth.与worthy后的动词是被动语态，所以用不定式或of +动词-ing的被动形式，但此题中she与accept是主动关系，worthy后接不定式或of +动词-ing，所以选A。
9. A。add to是“增加”的意思，原句想表达的意思应该是: 坏天气使得海上船员们更加感到无助。result from 表示“由……导致”，这里坏天气当然不可能是由船员们的无助所导致的；turn out 结果是；make up 编造,虚构。
10. B。adapt to适应于；adapt oneself to 使某人适应于；turn out 结果是，生产；adapt 作及物动词时意思是“改编”。在学校每天经历进步和兴奋一定是适应学校生活了，所以选B。
11. A。句意：他们想写一些普通人容易得到的文学书籍。be accessible to 表示“易接近的，易取得的”，符合句意。active 活跃的；subject学科，主题；subjective 主观的，个人的。
12. A。句意：当心点, 别弄错了引起那些爆竹爆炸。set … off 使……爆炸。set down 制定，放下；set back 向后移；set up 建立。
13. C。approve of 意为“赞成”，符合题意；agree 不与of搭配；admit of 容许，有……的可能；allow of 允许。
14. C。句意：专家一段时间里一直警告人们被动吸烟所引起的健康危险。for some time 表示“已有一段时间”，与完成时连用。at a time 一次，每次；at one time 从前，曾经；for the time 在当时。
15. A。因为不喜欢，遇到时就故意忽视，所以选A。inform 告知；suspect 怀疑；embrace 拥抱。
16. B。从第一句的Look可以看出雨还在下着，而且问“已经多久了”，说明英语用现在完成进行时，第二空说的是客观情况，而且有规律，要用一般现在时。
17. C。句意：我的计算是以房价保持稳定的假想为基础的。assumption 假想；appreciate 欣赏；arrangements安排；ambition 目标，抱负。
18. A。句意：最后，请接受我对你们家的最美好的祝福。in conclusion 最后；in fact 事实上；in all 总共；in time 及时。
19. B。句意：我第一次见到她就觉得她很不错，很诚实的样子。用the first time引导时间状语从句。for the first time和at the first time不能引导从句，只能充当时间状语。
20. A。句意：令人烦扰的消息传来说这种流感正在孩子们中蔓延。disturbing 意为“令人烦扰的”，表示事物特征的；第二空填that，引导同位语从句，说明news的内容，从句什么都不缺少，所以填that。
学习目标
重点词汇
pour, lack, access, worthwhile/ worthy acquire, accustomed,
ignore // tend, assume, urge, inspire, adapt, beneficial
重点短语
add up to, set off, put forward, approve of, in conclusion, at times
重点句型
even though/ even if引导的状语从句
同位语从句
with复合结构
知识讲解
重点词汇
pour
【原句回放】I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off. 我还记得他让我把一些火药倒进火箭里，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。
【点拨】pour vt. 倒，灌，蜂拥而来
vi. 倾泻
常用搭配：
pour into 涌入 pour out 倾诉，倾吐
She poured wine into the glasses.
她把酒倒入玻璃杯。
Sweat poured down from his face.
汗珠不断从他的脸上流下来。
She poured out her trouble to me over a cup of coffee.
她边喝咖啡边向我倾诉她的苦恼。
lack
【原句回放】...but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself. ……但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。
【点拨】lack
1. lack缺乏，没有
注意：lack多是及物动词；作不及物动词时常用lack for，此短语不用于进行体和被动结构，多用于否定句，用法正式。
He lacked the courage to do it. 他缺乏做这件事的勇气。
I lack words with which to express my thanks. 我无法用语言表达我的谢意。
Space lacks for a detailed description of it. 篇幅有限,不能对此详加描述。
2. lack n. [U] 缺乏，没有(常与of连用)
There was no lack of water. 这儿不缺水。
The plants died for lack of water. 那些植物因缺水而枯死了。
【拓展】(be) lacking (in) adj.（在……是）匮乏的，不足的
The necessary chemicals are lacking. 必要的化学药品缺乏。
He is lacking in responsibility. 他缺乏责任心。
access
【原句回放】The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children’s minds when they are open and eager to learn. 作为老师，你可以在孩子们心灵顿开、渴望学习时进入他们的思想。
【点拨】access n [U] 接近或进入之路，通路；(使用或接近的)机会，权利
(常与介词to连用)
常用搭配：have/gain access to 可以获得/接近……
Every town has access to telephone lines.
各镇都已通了电话。
The only access to that ancient castle is along a muddy track.
到那座古堡去的唯一通道是一条泥泞小路。
Only high officials had access to the president.
只有高级官员才有机会接近总统。
【拓展】accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的
The remote desert area is accessible only by helicopter.
只有乘直升机才能进入那遥远的荒漠地区。
worthwhile/ worthy
【原句回放】And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult, then I know what I’m doing is worthwhile. 如果我作为老师所做的工作能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子成为如此成功的一个成年人，那么我知道我做的一切都是值得的。
【点拨】worthwhile adj. 值得努力的；值得干的；有价值的（用作表语和定语）
常用搭配：it is worthwhile doing/to do sth. 值得做某事
The visit to Paris was worthwhile. 去巴黎参观是值得的。
Here’s some worthwhile advice to any young businessman.
对任何年轻的商人来说，这儿有一些有价值的建议。
I don’t think it is worthwhile to explain/explaining to him. He simply can’t understand us.
我觉得不值得跟他解释，他根本就无法理解我们。
【拓展】对比：worth，worthy的用法
1. worth adj. 值得的
常用搭配：be worth＋n./doing sth. 值得某价钱/做某事（doing为主动形式表示被动含义）
Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.
任何值得做的事就值得做好。
2. worthy adj. 表示“值得的”，可以作表语和定语；作定语时常表示“有意义的；值得尊敬的；有出息的”。
常用搭配：
(sth.)+ be worthy of＋n./ being done sth. 某事值得做
(sth.)+be worthy to be done某事值得做
注意：两个句型中sth.与动词do是被动关系。
The project is worthy to be done/of being done. 那项工程值得一做。
The tie is worthy of the shirt. 领带与衬衣相配。
He was probably a worthy member of society.
他可能是一个令人起敬的社团成员。
记忆提示：注意worth、worthy和worthwhile三个词中只有worthy可能接被动形式，worth只作表语，worthy和worthwhile可以作定语。
acquire
【原句回放】It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding. 我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎很显而易见。
【点拨】acquire vt.获得，得到
She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
她英语掌握得非常好。
He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.
他落得了不诚实的名声。
【拓展】acquire，gain与get
acquire多用于通过不断地学、问等慢慢地获取知识、技术等较抽象的东西。
gain表示付出更大的努力才能获得，常意为“赢得”。
get是“获得”的最普通用语。
accustomed
【原句回放】Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine... 尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜索引擎输入几个关键词……
【点拨】accustomed adj. 习惯了的；通常的
常用搭配：be/get accustomed to 习惯于（to为介词，接动词时用-ing形式）
Slowly my eyes were accustomed to the dark.
我的眼睛逐渐适应了黑暗。
I am not accustomed to walking long distances.
我不习惯于长距离的步行。
【拓展1】accustom vt. 使习惯于 He found it difficult to accustom himself to getting up early.
他发现很难使他自己习惯早起。
【拓展2】同义短语：be/ get used to 习惯于（to为介词，后面跟动词的-ing形式）
He was a man who was accustomed/used to having five hours’ sleep a night.
他是那种习惯每晚只睡五个小时的人。
ignore // tend
【原句回放】The church and many people tended to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed. 教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。
【点拨1】ignore vt. 不顾，忽视
It would be a mistake to ignore their advice. 无视他们的忠告将是错误的。
It is not a question that can be ignored. 这不是个可以忽视的问题。
【拓展】ignorance n. 无知，愚昧
【点拨2】tend vi. 趋向, 往往是
vt. 照顾
常用结构：
tend to 往往会，倾向于，留意，注意（to是介词）
tend to do sth. 有做……倾向/趋势
Modern camera design tends to simplicity.
现代相机设计得越来越简单。
You’d better tend to your own affairs. 你还是管好自己的事情吧!
Women tend to live longer than men. 女性往往比男性长寿。
Since his mother was ill, he had to tend her at home. 因为母亲病了,他得在家照料她。
【拓展】tendency n. 倾向，趋势
assume
【原句回放】Why did Aristotle assume that the sun moved around the Earth？为什么亚里士多德认为太阳绕着地球转？
【点拨】assume vt. 假定，假设；认为
常用搭配assume…to be… 以为……是…… （to be可省略）
If he’s not here in five minutes，we’ll assume that he isn’t coming.
如果他五分钟之内不来，我们就假定他不来了。
Assuming it rains tomorrow，what will we do?
假设明天下雨，我们该做什么呢？
I had assumed him (to be) an American.
我原以为他是美国人。
【拓展1】assumption n. 假定，臆断
【拓展2】assume与guess
assume指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。
guess表示“猜测，猜想”，为最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
试一试：
1. Can you ________ the price?
2. I didn’t see your car，so I ________ you had gone out.
答案：1. guess 2. assumed
urge
【原句回放】At first, people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, ... 起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，……
【点拨】urge vt. 力劝，强烈要求
常用搭配：
urge sb. to do sth. 督促某人做某事
urge sth. on/upon sb. 向某人强调、力陈某事
urge that... / it is urged that... 强烈要求……
（urge后的从句谓语动词用“?should?＋动词原形”，should可省）
When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette，it was more than I could bear.
当我的老朋友布赖恩怂恿我吸一支烟时，我实在熬不住了。
He urged on us the necessity of patience.
他对我们强调忍耐是必要的。
The report urged that all children be taught to swim.
这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。
inspire
【原句回放】But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him, … 但是即使是亚里士多德这样鼓舞了他之后的许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，……
【点拨】inspire v. 鼓舞，鼓励，引发，赋予……灵感；激发
常用搭配：
inspire sb. to sth. 鼓励某人某事
inspire sth. in sth. =inspire sb. with sth. 使某人产生……；鼓励某人……
We’re trying to inspire him with confidence.
我们在努力鼓舞他的自信心。
Need and struggle are what excite and inspire us.
需求和斗争使我们兴奋并受到鼓励。
【拓展】inspired adj. 受到鼓舞的，有灵感的（表示人的感情）
inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 （表示事物的性质）
I was inspired to work harder than ever before.
我受激励比以往任何时候都更加努力地工作。
The audience was carried away by his inspiring speech.
他鼓舞人心的发言使听众听入了神。
adapt
【原句回放】hard to adapt 很难适应
【点拨】
1. adapt vt. (使)适应
常用搭配：adapt oneself to sth. 使自己适应某物/新情况
We have had to adapt ourselves quickly to the new system.
我们不得不迅速适应新制度。
2. adapt vi. 适应
常用搭配：adapt to… 适应……
He has not yet adapted to the climate.
他还没有适应这种气候。
3. adapt vt. 改编；修改
常用搭配：adapt sth. for sth. 把……改写为……
adapt from 根据……改编
This novel has already been adapted for television.
这部小说已改编成电视剧。
【拓展】adaption n. 适应，改编（本）
beneficial
【原句回放】These men knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for；more vital to a man，and more beneficial to mankind，some might say，than all the money in the world. 他们懂得知识和理解是要奋斗的事情，有人说，对一个人或人类来说，它比世界上所有的金钱都重要和有益。
【点拨】beneficial adj. 有用的；有益的
常用搭配：be beneficial to 对……有益
Sunshine is beneficial to plants. 阳光对植物有益。
The manager has signed a contract that is beneficial to our company.
那位经理已经签订了一项对我们公司有利的合同。
【拓展】benefit v．有益，获益
n. 利益
常用搭配：
benefit sb. 对某人有益
benefit from从……中获益
be of benefit to sb. 对……有益
What he said will benefit us in many ways.
他说的话在许多方面对我们有益。
重点短语
add up to
【原句回放】The only thing I can remember from school maths is that the angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees! 现在我对在学校所学的数学能够记得的唯一的东西是一个三角形的内角和等于180 度！
【点拨】add up to 合计达，总计
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
他所接受的全部的学校教育加起来不到一年。
【拓展】add的相关短语
add to 添加，增加
add...to 把……加到……上
add up 把……加起来
1. The money he spent added ________ more than $1,000.
2. The wonderful song added ________ our pleasure.
3. If you add two ________ five, you get seven.
4. Add ________ all the money I owe you.
答案：1. up to；2. to；3. to 4. up
set off
【原句回放】I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off. 我还记得他让我把一些火药倒进火箭里，然后让另一个学生点火使火箭发射出去。
【点拨】set off 出发，动身；使爆炸；引起
They set off in search of the lost child.
他们出发寻找失踪的孩子。
The bomb could be set off by the slightest touch.
炸弹有可能被极其轻微的接触引爆。
On this day we set off fireworks in many places.
很多地方在这一天都燃放烟花。
That strike set off a series of strikes throughout the country.
那次罢工引起了遍及全国的一系列罢工。
【拓展】set的相关短语：
set up竖起；建立；开办 set down让某人下车；写下
set about (doing) sth. 着手处理某事 set out to do sth. 着手做某事
set out 启程；陈述 set aside 把……放在一边，留出，不理会
put forward
【原句回放】It is not surprising that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BC). 因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德（384-322 BC）提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的观点，这也毫不奇怪。
【点拨】put forward vt. 提出；推荐，提名；提前、把（表等）往前拨 He rejected all the proposals put forward by the committee.
他拒绝了委员会提出的所有提议。
Your name was put forward as a possible team leader.
你被提名为队长候选人了。
My watch was slow so I put it forward ten minutes.
我的手表慢了，我往前拨了十分钟。
【拓展】put的相关短语：
put away 收拾；整理；储存（钱）；储存……备用
put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；扑灭
put aside 节省（钱、时间）；储蓄 put up with 忍受；忍耐
put up 建造；张贴 put on 穿上；演出
put together汇总
approve of
【原句回放】At first，people approved of his studies and urged him to continue, ... 起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，……
【点拨】approve of赞成，赞许
My parents don’t approve of me smoking cigarettes.
我父母不赞成我吸烟。
We understand that you don’t approve of our idea.
我们了解你不赞成我们的想法。
【拓展】approve vt. 批准，通过
approval n. 赞同，批准
The course is approved by the Department for Education.
课程已获教育部核准。
in conclusion
【原句回放】in conclusion
【点拨】in conclusion总之，最后，作为结论
In conclusion, I’d like to say that you have to spend more time reading English passages.
最后，我想说你们必须多读英语文章。
【拓展】conclusion的相关短语
come to / arrive at/ draw / reach a conclusion 得出结论
jump to conclusions/ a conclusion 遂下决心；贸然决定
come to a conclusion 结束
bring … to a conclusion 使……结束
at times
【原句回放】But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times. 但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他以后许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也是错误的。
【点拨】at times有时，不时(＝sometimes)
At times I ride to the countryside to relax myself.
有时我骑车去乡下放松一下自己。
We hold a small party at times.
有时我们会举办一个小型聚会。
【拓展】time的相关短语：
at one time曾经 at a time一次
at all time一直 at no time决不
in no time立即，马上 for the first time 第一次（作状语）
the first time 第一次（引导状语从句）
I did this for the first time. 我第一次做这个。
I knew we would be good friends the first time I met her.
第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。
重点句型
even though/ even if引导的状语从句
【原句回放】But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him，he was wrong at times. 但是即使是亚里士多德这样一位鼓舞了他以后许多科学家和哲学家的伟大人物，有时也是错误的。
【点拨】even if/ even though 即使，纵使（引导让步状语从句）
Even if we cannot agree, we should maintain our contact.
即使我们不能取得一致，我们也要保持联系。
I will make this radio work even if I have to stay up all night.
即使通宵不眠，我也要把这台收音机修好。
He’s the best teacher, even though he has the least experience.
他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。
【拓展】even if与even though
even if 更侧重假定性，even though更侧重说话人肯定了从句的事实。
同位语从句
【原句回放】I had no idea what an atom was and I didn’t really want to know either! 我不知道原子是什么，也真的不想知道。
【点拨】同位语从句
1. 同位语从句一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，information, question等后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。
2. 引导同位语从句的词有三类：
1）that：没有实际意义，只起连接作用，不能省略，因此从句一般是完整的句子。
2）whether：意为“是否”，注意不能用if代替。
3）有疑问含义的连接词what, which, who, 和how，when，where，why等。
4. 有时名词与同位语从句可能被定语或谓语动词隔开，称为分隔式同位语从句。
5. 同位语从句用陈述句语序。
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。
There is some doubt whether he will come. 他是否会来还不一定。
The question who should be the first has not been settled.
谁应该是第一名的问题还没有定下来。
Word came that the meeting had been put off. 消息传来说会议已经被延期了。
【拓展】某些表示“建议、要求、命令等”的名词，如demand, suggestion, order，后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，形式是“（should）+动词原形”。
The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.
采纳新规则的建议是主席提出的。
with复合结构
【原句回放】...and people like Galileo Galilei (1564～1642)，who proved scientific ideas such as “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”，were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence. ……像伽利略这样证明了例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常会被教会惩罚而没有人为他们辩护。
【点拨】with复合结构
1. 此结构可以作状语和定语。
2. 此结构的组成是：with + 宾语 +宾语补足语。
作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、副词、介词短语等，如果是动词，可以用不定式、动词-ing形式或过去分词。
With the years passing，his hair became white. 随着时光流逝，他的头发变白了。
（passing与the years是主动关系，动作正在进行，用-ing形式）
I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 有这么多碗碟要洗，我不能出去。
（因动作尚未发生，所以用不定式；to wash与the dishes虽然是被动关系，但句中主语I是wash动作的执行者，所以用主动形式。）
He lay in bed with his head covered. 他蒙着头躺在床上。
（his head与cover是被动关系，用过去分词表被动或动作已完成）
The naughty boy stood there before his teacher with his head down. (副词)
这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
She walked out in the rain, with her clothes all wet.（形容词）
她走进雨中，衣服全湿了。
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand. （介词短语）
他手托着下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. We shouldn’t waste water. You know, not all the people in the world have a____ to clean drinking water.
2. Now, people still can’t understand completely how a child a_____ his mother tongue.
3. She works so hard so she r______ first in her class.
4. She is trying every possible means to i_____ children to read and write for fun.
5. We cannot i____ the fact that not all the children have access to good education nowadays.
6. People tend to make a____ about you based on your appearance.
7. Skillful employees are v_____ to the success of any company.
8. One or two glasses of wine can be b_____ to your health.
9. You can cook the meat either in a microwave or in a c_______ oven.
10. Pick the chair up instead of d_______ it behind you.
二、选词填空
从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
due to, at times, in other words, go against, to start with,
put forward, approve of, base on, as a whole, adapt to
1. She has moved to the south with her husband, because her parents don’t _____ her marriage.
2. You didn’t do well in the examination. ______, you failed this time.
3. His success is _____ his hard work and self-confidence.
4. John lives far away from his parents and only goes to visit them _________.
5. The suggestion you ______ will be discussed at the next meeting.
6. Scientists are always trying to draw conclusions _______facts.
7. Is the collection going to be divided up or sold ________?
8. Building the factory here would ______ the wishes of the local people.
9. ______, let’s go over what we learned last time.
10. Your eyes will ______ the dark slowly, when you enter a black room.
三、单项选择
1. Rita _____ two hours every Sunday afternoon to spend with her son.
A. set out B. set away C. set aside D. set off
2. The explorer got a disease in blood for the ____ of fresh vegetables and fruit.
A. sake B. lack C. ignorance D. benefit
3. —Does he often ask you for help?
—Oh, no, only____.
A. all the time B. at one time C. at a time D. at times
4. There is no access ________ the street ________ that door.
A．to；cross B．in；across C．to；through D．on；through
5. The Lake District scenery________ Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry.
A. inspired B. inspected C. respected D. expected
6. He is accustomed to_______ noise, because he lives right in the center of the city.
A. hear B. hearing C. being heard D. be heard
7. On feeling the earthquake, the teacher stayed calm in the front of the classroom, ________ all the students to rush out of the classroom as quickly as possible.
A. encouraging B. hoping C. demanding D. urging
8. She said she was not worthy _________the honor they had offered her.
A. to accept B. to be accepted C. accept D. accepting
9. The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather ________ the helplessness of the crew at sea.
A. added to B. added up to C. turned out D. made up
10. Having _______ the life in the school, we all experience great progress and excitement every day.
A. adapted B. adapted to C. adapted ourselves D. adapted by
11. They want to write literary books that are _______ to a general audience.
A. accessible B. active C. subject D. subjective
12. Be careful that you don’t set the fireworks _______ by mistake.
A. off B. down C. back D. up
13. His parents do not ________ of his going to work in Tibet.
A. agree B. admit C. approve D. allow
14. Experts have been warning ________ of the health risks caused by passive smoking.
A. at a time B. at one time C. for some time D. for the time
15. As she doesn’t like me she ________ me when we met.
A. ignored B. informed C. suspected D. embraced
16. —Look! How long _______ like this?
—Three weeks! It’s usual here that rain _______ without stopping these days of the year.
A. has it rained; pours B. has it been raining; pours
C. is it raining; is pouring D. it is raining; pours
17. My calculations were based on the _______ that house prices would remain steady.
A. appreciation B. arrangement C. assumption D. ambition
18. _______, please accept my best wishes for your family.
A. In conclusion B. In fact C. In all D. In time
19. I found her nice and honest _______ I saw her.
A. for the first time B. the first time C. at the first time D. at first
20. ________ news came _______ the flu was spreading among children.
A. Disturbing; that B. Disturbed; which C. Disturbing; which D. Disturbed; what
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. access 2. acquires 3. ranks 4. inspire 5. ignore
6. assumption 7. vital 8. beneficial 9. conventional 10. dragging
疑难解析：
3. rank 排列 7. vital 至关重要的，生死攸关的 9. conventional 传统的
10. drag 拖曳，缓慢前行
二、选词填空
1. approve of 2. in other words 3. due to 4. at times 5. put forward
6. based on 7. as a whole 8. go against 9. To start with 10. adapt to
三、单项选择
1. C。句意：Rita每周日下午都留出两个小时的时间与儿子在一起。set aside 留出； set out 出发，着手；set off 出发，引起，点燃。
2. B。for the lack of表示“因缺少……”符合题意。for the sake of 为了；ignorance 无知，不知；benefit 益处，好处。
3. D。根据句意，所需的那个词与often形成对应。不是经常求助而只是偶尔为之，能表达“有时，偶尔”意思的只有“at times”。
4. C。句意：穿过此门无法进入那条街道。access常与介词to连用；“穿过”门用介词through，故选C。across 横穿，从一边到另一边。
5. A。句意：（英格兰）湖区的美景给了华兹华斯灵感而创作出他最伟大的诗篇。inspire 激励，激发；inspect 检查，视察；respect 尊敬；expect 预期。
6. B。be accustomed to 表示“习惯于”，其中to是介词，所以后面接动词-ing形式；句子的主语he与hear是主动关系，所以选B。
7. D。encourage 意为“鼓励”，不符合语境；hope，demand一般不接sb. to do sth.，排除；urge 表示“督促，催促”，符合题意。
8. A。 sth.+be worthy to be done 或 sth. + be worthy of being done 是固定搭配，sth.与worthy后的动词是被动语态，所以用不定式或of +动词-ing的被动形式，但此题中she与accept是主动关系，worthy后接不定式或of +动词-ing，所以选A。
9. A。add to是“增加”的意思，原句想表达的意思应该是: 坏天气使得海上船员们更加感到无助。result from 表示“由……导致”，这里坏天气当然不可能是由船员们的无助所导致的；turn out 结果是；make up 编造,虚构。
10. B。adapt to适应于；adapt oneself to 使某人适应于；turn out 结果是，生产；adapt 作及物动词时意思是“改编”。在学校每天经历进步和兴奋一定是适应学校生活了，所以选B。
11. A。句意：他们想写一些普通人容易得到的文学书籍。be accessible to 表示“易接近的，易取得的”，符合句意。active 活跃的；subject学科，主题；subjective 主观的，个人的。
12. A。句意：当心点, 别弄错了引起那些爆竹爆炸。set … off 使……爆炸。set down 制定，放下；set back 向后移；set up 建立。
13. C。approve of 意为“赞成”，符合题意；agree 不与of搭配；admit of 容许，有……的可能；allow of 允许。
14. C。句意：专家一段时间里一直警告人们被动吸烟所引起的健康危险。for some time 表示“已有一段时间”，与完成时连用。at a time 一次，每次；at one time 从前，曾经；for the time 在当时。
15. A。因为不喜欢，遇到时就故意忽视，所以选A。inform 告知；suspect 怀疑；embrace 拥抱。
16. B。从第一句的Look可以看出雨还在下着，而且问“已经多久了”，说明英语用现在完成进行时，第二空说的是客观情况，而且有规律，要用一般现在时。
17. C。句意：我的计算是以房价保持稳定的假想为基础的。assumption 假想；appreciate 欣赏；arrangements安排；ambition 目标，抱负。
18. A。句意：最后，请接受我对你们家的最美好的祝福。in conclusion 最后；in fact 事实上；in all 总共；in time 及时。
19. B。句意：我第一次见到她就觉得她很不错，很诚实的样子。用the first time引导时间状语从句。for the first time和at the first time不能引导从句，只能充当时间状语。
20. A。句意：令人烦扰的消息传来说这种流感正在孩子们中蔓延。disturbing 意为“令人烦扰的”，表示事物特征的；第二空填that，引导同位语从句，说明news的内容，从句什么都不缺少，所以填that。