北师大版高中英语模块5Unit 14 Careers 语言点1

Unit 14 Careers 语言点（1）
学习目标
重点词汇
insurance, income, reward, charge, guidance, aid, error, consult, casual, quarrel

重点短语
have problems (in) doing sth. take charge of, make up, make out, go into detail(s),
speak up, sit up, put on, so far, rather than

重点句型
keep +形容词
it 作形式宾语
the instant (that)...一族
知识讲解
重点词汇
insurance
【原句回放】insurance
【点拨】insurance n. 保险，保险单, 保险业, 保险费
I bought another safety lock as an additional insurance against thieves.
我又买了一把保险锁,以加强防贼的安全措施。
He claimed to be an insurance salesman but later was found to be a fraud.
他自称是个保险公司的推销员,但后来发现原来是个骗子。　
【拓展1】insure vt. 保险，确保
vi. 买保险
My house is insured against fire. 我的房子保了火险。
【拓展2】ensure vt. 确保，保证
I can ensure that they shall come tomorrow.
我保证他们明天会来。
income
【原句回放】My parents both work and our family income is about $ 4,000 per month. 我父母都上班，我们家每月的收入大约是4,000美元。
【点拨】income n．收入
He cannot support his family on his income. 他的收入不能养家糊口。
Tourism is a major source of income for the area. 旅游业是这个地区的主要收入来源。
【拓展】income，pay，salary，bonus与wage
1. income指经常得到的“收入”，可以是工作的薪水。
2. pay指定时领取的“报酬，工资”，有时特指军队服役人员的军饷。
3. salary通常指按月发、付给脑力劳动者或经过培训、学习有专门知识或技能的人的“薪水”。
4. wage指付给体力劳动者的工资，通常以劳动时间、熟练程度、定额多少来计算，一般按天或周支付，常用复数形式。
5. bonus 指额外的津贴；意外收获；奖金。
试一试：
1) They could earn ________ from $ 10,000 to $ 15,000 one year.
2) He takes his ________ home to his wife every Friday.
3) Have you any ________ apart from your pay?
4) All officers in the army got an increase in ________.
5) We like our new house and it’s a real ________ that there is a swimming pool nearby.
答案：　1) salaries　2) wages　3) income　4) pay 5) bonus
reward
【原句回放】The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her！那位老太太提供了50美元给为她找到她的猫的人作为报酬。
【点拨】reward n. 奖赏，报答，酬金（为某些特殊服务提供或给予的金钱）
vt. 酬谢，奖赏，报答
常用搭配：get a reward for 因......而获得报酬/奖赏
in reward of 为酬谢......；作为奖励
reward sb. for sth. 为某事报答某人
reward sb. with ... for sth. 为某事而以......报答某人
He got a reward of $800 for catching the criminal. 他因为抓住罪犯而获得800美元酬金。
I got nothing in reward for my hard work. 我辛苦工作而没有任何报酬。
They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers.
他们奖给优胜者一些水果和鲜花。　
【拓展】award，prize
1. award 表示“授予（奖章，奖金等），奖给”，可以接双宾语；作名词表示“奖品，奖金”。
2. prize 只能作名词，表示“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。
He was awarded the gold medal for being the fastest runner.
他跑得最快,因而获得了金牌。
I won a prize for running. 我跑步得了奖。
charge
【原句回放】Lawyers charge higher fees than doctors. 律师收取比医生更高的费用。
【点拨】charge vt.收费，要价，承担责任；充电；控诉
n.费用，负责
常用搭配：charge sb. some money for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人索价/要价/ 收取费用
free of charge 免费
be charged with 被控告犯......罪；承担
in/ under the charge of 在......照看/掌管下
in charge of 主管，负责，掌管
take charge (of) 负责，接管
How much do you charge for your eggs? 你的鸡蛋卖多少钱？
The restaurant charged us $ 40 for the wine. 饭店收了我们40美元的酒水钱。
All goods are delivered free of charge. 一切物品免费送货。
He was charged with murder. 他被指控犯有谋杀罪。
guidance
【原句回放】Tell her to phone you if she needs any more guidance. 告诉她如果需要更多指导可以给你打电话。
【点拨】guidance n. 指导，引导，领导
常用搭配：under one’s guidance/the guidance of sb. 在某人的指导下
Under his guidance，we finished the work smoothly. 在他的指导下，我们顺利地完成了工作。We would appreciate guidance from an expert in this field. 我们将欢迎该领域专家的指导。　
【拓展】guide vt.指引，指导，领路
n.指南，路标；向导
He guided the man through the streets to the railway station. 他带这个人走过街道到火车站。
guide book旅游指南
aid
【原句回放】You are working for an institute that gives aid to the poor in a small village. 你正在为一家给小村庄的穷人提供帮助的机构工作。
【点拨】aid n. 援助，救助，帮助用作名词的aid，还可以表示“有帮助的事物”或辅助手段等。
常用搭配：come/go to one’s aid 帮助某人
in aid of 作为对……的帮助
with the aid of 在……的帮助下
give / offer aid 援助
first aid 急救
a hearing aid 助听器
I didn’t speak any English，but a nice man came to my aid and told me where to go.
我不会说英语，但一个好心人帮了我的忙，告诉我怎样走。
We’re collecting money in aid of cancer research.
我们正在筹集资金以资助癌症研究。【拓展】aid vt. 援助，救助，帮助
常用搭配：aid sb in/ with sth. 在某事上帮助某人　　 aid sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事We’ve aided him to finish the work ahead of time.= We’ve aided him in finishing the work ahead of time. 我们已帮助他提前完成了工作。
error
【原句回放】Check for errors, please. 请检查一下错误。
【点拨】error n. 错误，过失，误差
常用搭配：be in error 弄错了
by error 错误地
lead sb. into error 使某人犯错误
make/ commit an error 出差错
The accident was caused by human error. 这次事故是由人为过错造成的。
He admitted that he’d made an error. 他承认他犯了错。　
【拓展】error和mistake的区别：
1）在指日常生活中的一般错误时，用mistake稍多一些。着重指由于理解、认识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误。
2) error比mistake更正式，强调违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误，或指系统、电脑、网络的错误，有时可做“误差、谬误”解。
3）fault强调人的责任或性格上的弱点。
It’s my fault that we are late. 我们迟到是我的错。
consult
【原句回放】He should consult Mr Jensen about the new account on the 24th. 他应该向杰森先生咨询有关24日的新账户的问题。
【点拨】consult v. 咨询，请教，查阅
常用搭配：consult sb. about sth.就某事向某人咨询
consult with sb.与某人交换意见
We lost our way and consulted the map. 我们迷了路因而查看地图。
He consulted his lawyer about it. 他向他的律师请教那件事。
If you are confused，you should consult with an expert. 如果你有疑惑，你可以请教专家。　
【拓展】consultant n. 顾问
consultation n. 请教，咨询，讨论
　
casual
【原句回放】The notice advises people to be friendly and kind, and tells them not to wear casual clothes. 公告建议人们要友好、亲切，并告诉他们不要穿不正式的衣服。
【点拨】casual adj. 随便的，非正式的；漠不关心的；偶然的
常用搭配：be casual about 对......漠不关心的
He was wearing casual clothes, not his school ones.
他穿着他的便服，不是他的校服。
The plan grew out of a casual conversation. 这个计划出自于一次非正式的谈话。
She is casual about winning the prize. 她对获奖漠不关心。
quarrel
【原句回放】don’t quarrel with anyone 不要同任何人争吵
【点拨】quarrel vi. 争吵，吵架
n. 争吵，不和，口角
常用搭配：quarrel with sb. 与某人争吵
quarrel about/ over 就......争吵
quarrel with sth. 不同意，抱怨
I always seem to be quarrelling with my parents. 我似乎总和父母争吵。
Everything is settled. There is no need to quarrel about this.
问题都解决了，没有必要就此事争吵了。
They were quarrelling furiously about whose turn it was to cook the dinner.
他们正在就轮到谁做饭而激烈地争吵着。
Nobody could quarrel with the report’s conclusions. 大家都同意报告的结论。
重点短语
have problems (in) doing sth.
【原句回放】A friend is having problems writing a plot summary for a book report. 一个朋友在为图书报道写情节总结时遇到一些问题。
【点拨】have problems (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
We have problems understanding what the foreigner says.
我们要理解那个外国人说的话有困难。
They seem to have problems in finishing the work in half an hour.
他们要在半小时内把工作做完似乎有些困难。　
【拓展】同义短语：
have ... difficulty/ trouble/ bother (in) doing sth. 做某事有......困难
have a good/ hard time (in) doing sth. 做某事很开心/ 辛苦
There is ... difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有......困难
take charge of
【原句回放】Take charge of the situation. 控制局势。
【点拨】take charge of负责；主管
He took charge of the farm after his father’s death. 父亲去世后他掌管了农场。
Who will take charge of all the plans of the party? 谁将负责所有的晚会计划?　
【拓展】in/ under the charge of 在......照看/掌管下（主语是被掌管或照看的人或物）
in charge of 主管，负责，掌管（主语是做“掌管/照看”动作的人）
The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway.
总工程师负责指挥地铁的建造工程。
The project is in the charge of an experienced worker.
这项工程是由一位有经验的工人负责的。
make up
【原句回放】Make up information about yourself. 编造你的个人信息。
【点拨】make up编造，捏造；组成，构成；补充
She made up some excuse about her husband being sick.
她编了个借口说她丈夫病了。
The teacher asked him to make up some dialogues. 老师让他编些对话。
Girls made up 70% of the student number. 女孩占了70%的学生数。
【拓展】相关短语：
be made up of由……组成
consist of 由……组成
make up for补偿，弥补
The houses consist of four rooms. 这栋房子由4个房间组成。
A football team is made up of 11 players. 一个足球队由11名队员组成。
After all the delays，we were anxious to make up for the lost time.
耽搁了这么久，我们急着想弥补失去的时间。　
make out
【原句回放】Make out you understand something when you don’t. 不懂的时候装懂！
【点拨】make out 假称；辨认出；理解；声称
He makes himself out to be a rich man. Actually he lives on his parents.
他假装自己是个富人，实际上，他靠父母过日子。
It is hard to make out the traffic signs on foggy days.
在有雾的日子，很难辨认出交通标志。
No one can make out the meaning of this poem. 没有人能够理解这首诗的意思。
go into detail(s)
【原句回放】Go?into?a?lot?of?detail?about?your?personal?life.? 细谈你的私人生活。
【点拨】go into detail(s) 讨论，细谈
Could you go into a little more detail about it? 你能不能稍微再详细一点描述呢？
There are several reasons why I acted as I did，but I can’t go into a lot of detail now.
我当初的行为是有理由的，但我现在不想详述了。
【拓展】in detail 详细地
Would you please explain the theme in detail? 你能详细地说明一下主题吗？
speak up
【原句回放】Speak up and express yourself clearly. 大声而清楚地表达你自己的意思。
【点拨】speak up大声地说，自由而大胆地说出
The English teacher encouraged her students to speak up in class.
那位英语老师鼓励学生在课上大声讲话。
He spoke up，gathering courage. 他鼓起勇气直截了当地说了。
【拓展】含speak的短语
speak up for...替……说话；支持…… speak for 代表……讲话
speak of 说起；谈起；提起；表明 speak against 反对
speak highly of 对……评价很高 speak ill of 说某人坏话
speak with one voice 众口一词 speak your mind直言不讳
sit up
【原句回放】Sit?up?straight?and?look?people?in?the?eye.?坐直，直视对方。
【点拨】sit up 坐直，（使）坐起来，熬夜
When I entered the room, I found she was sitting up straight and staring at the ceiling.
我进房间的时候，我发现她直挺挺地坐着，眼睛盯着天花板。
She sat the old man up in bed.
她帮助这位老人从床上坐起来。
Sometimes we just sit up and watch videos all night.
有时我们熬夜，通宵看录像。
Don’t sit up for me if I’m late.
如果我回来晚了，不要等我，先睡吧。
put on
【原句回放】Tell everybody on the bus to put on more clothes to keep warm. 告诉车上的每个人多穿点衣服保暖。
【点拨】put on穿，戴；上演，演出；增加（体重等）
She put her hat and coat on. 她戴上帽子，穿上外套。
A film will be put on tonight in the cinema.
一部影片将于今晚在电影院上演。
I put on weight again recently. 我最近体重又增加了。
【拓展】put on，dress，wear，have on与be in
1)put on指穿的动作，可用于穿鞋、戴帽、穿衣服等，其反义词为take off。
2)dress指动作，但其宾语是人而不是衣服，即dress sb./oneself；通常用be dressed in表示“穿着”，指状态，宾语既可以是衣服，也可以是颜色。
3)wear指状态，可用于进行时，宾语除衣服、鞋子、帽子外，还可以是首饰、眼镜、发型、胡子、表情等。
4)have on指状态，没有进行时。
5)be in指状态，宾语既可以是衣服、帽子，也可以是颜色。
此外，pull on表示“随便穿上袜子、戴上手套等”，用throw on表示“匆匆穿上”，指动作。
so far
【原句回放】So far，nothing has been done and there are only ten days until the performance. 到目前为止没有采取一点措施，并且离演出只有十天时间了。
【点拨】so far直到现在，到目前为止（常和现在完成时连用）
So far I haven’t heard of anybody who wants to stop living on account of the cost.
迄今为止，我从未听说过有人因生活费过高而不要生存下去的。
So far the search for the missing boy has been fruitless.
到目前为止，还没找到那个失踪的男孩。
【拓展】so far as...be concerned就......而言
as far as远到, 直到, 至于
rather than
【原句回放】listen rather than speak—learn as much as possible about your job and the company去听而不要说——尽可能多地了解你的工作和公司
【点拨】rather than而不是
注意：rather than后一般接动词原形、名词或形容词等，前后为平行结构，即相同的语法成分。大部分情况下，rather than在意思上相当于instead of。
常用搭配：prefer to do...rather than do...宁愿做……也不愿做……
would rather do...than do...宁愿做……也不愿做……
would rather宁愿；更喜欢
I think I’ll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想要冷饮，不要咖啡。
She’d rather die than give a speech.
她宁愿死也不愿意演讲。　
【拓展】more than，other than与or rather
1. more than不仅仅，多于
2. other than除了（相当于except）
3. or rather更确切地说（用于修正前面说过的内容）
All parts of the house other than the windows are in good condition.
除窗户外房子的其它部分都很好。
This new product, or rather, this new style of shirt, is not very attractive.
这项新产品，确切地说是这种新款式的衬衫，并不是非常吸引人的。
重点句型
keep +形容词
【原句回放】Keep calm. 保持镇静。
【点拨】keep + adj. 保持......状态（此时keep是系动词，形容词是表语，说明主语的状态）
We must look after ourselves and keep healthy. 我们必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
He could hardly keep cool when he met his rival.
他见到他的对手就几乎不能冷静下来。
【拓展】keep + sb. / sth. + adj. 使某人/物保持......状态 (形容词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态)
He rubbed his hands to keep them warm. 他揉搓着双手来取暖。
Please keep the floor clean, boys. 孩子们，请保持地面干净。
注意：此句型中还可以用名词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式或动词-ed形式代替形容词。
Keep the sun behind you when you take a photo. 拍照时要让太阳留在你的身后。
Keep me informed of fresh developments. 随时告诉我新的发展。
it 作形式宾语
【原句回放】I find it a real battle being on my feet all the time like that. 我发现一直像那样自立真是一场斗争。
【点拨】it 作形式宾语
1. 如果不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语，而宾语后有宾语补足语时，一般把宾语后置，用it作形式宾语。
2. 在like, enjoy, love, hate, appreciate等表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词后跟宾语从句时，多用it作形式宾语。
We thought it no use arguing with him. 我们认为与他争论无济于事。
The new medicine makes it possible to treat this terrible disease.
这种新药使治疗这种可怕疾病成为可能。
I think it very important that we take part in the discussion.
我认为我们参加这次讨论是很重要的。
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
我喜欢秋天的天高气爽。
the instant (that)...一族
【原句回放】The instant she stopped asking questions, I stood up and went out of the room. 她一停止问问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。
【点拨】the instant (that)... 一......就...... （引导时间状语从句）
类似结构：the year/ the hour/ the moment/ the minute/ the second
instantly/ immediately/ directly
I sent you the news the instant (that) I heard it. 我一听到此消息，便通知你了。
He left Germany the year the war broke out. 他在战争爆发那一年离开了德国。
Call me the moment you arrive. 你一到就给我打电话。
He went out immediately he saw her. 他一看见她就出去了。
【拓展】instant n．片刻，瞬息
adj. 立即的, 紧迫的, 刻不容缓的, (食品)速溶的, 方便的, 即时的
Here is a patient in instant need of first aid. 这是一个急需抢救的病人。
He paused for an instant. 他停了一会儿。
I shall be back in an instant.我马上就回来。
instant coffee速溶咖啡
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. In the conversation the speakers’ t_________ was “How to Protect the Environment”.
2. When his car was damaged, he got $70,000 i___________.
3. The six blind men sat by the roadside all day, q_________ about the elephant.
4. With such a small i__________, the family cannot get enough to eat.
5. The reporter criticize the poor q_________ of many TV programmes.
6. I didn’t know about cars, so I ________(咨询) George about buying a car.
7. The problems were going to be settled on a realistic _________ (基础).
8. In my opinion, all _________ (周围的) things can affect our life and work.
9. The ________ (随便的) newspaper reader wouldn't like long articles on serious subjects every day.
10. As long as you’ve paid in advance, we won’t ________ (收费) you for delivery.
二、根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. 当你在丛林中迷路时，要保持镇静，等待救援。
When you ________ ________ ________ the forest, you should ________ ________, waiting for rescue.
2. 那个明星不情愿的详谈新专辑的事，所以我们了解很少。
About the new album, the star was reluctant to ________ ________ ________, so we knew little.
3. 这个故事听起来很有趣，虽然编得很简单。
The story sounds interesting though it ________ ________ ________ ________.
4. 你能声音大点，让后面的学生能够听见吗？
Would you ________ ________ so that the students at the back can hear you?
5. 我还需要告诉你们这些孩子多少次要坐直呀？
How many times do I have to tell you children ________ ________ ________ straight?
6. 我一眼就认出她是我以前的英语老师。
I recognized my former English teacher ________ ________ I saw her.
7. 一位有经验的机械师将负责这些工作。
An experienced mechanic will ________ ________ ________the job.
8. 是你而不是我应该在这封信上签字。
It ought to be you ________ ________ me that sign the letter．
三、单项选择
1. The former mayor of that city is ________ taking bribes and appropriating government money.
A．charged of　　　　B．reminded of C．accused of D．spoken of
2. The weather has been cold ________ this spring.
A．as far B．so far C．the other day D．at one time
3. He is an ordinary teacher ________ a film star. You mistook him for someone else.
A．rather than B．more than C．other than D．less than
4. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _____.
A. rewards B. prizes C. awards D. results
5. The girl who is kept _____ the nurse has _____ ill since last week.
A. in the charge of; fallen B. in charge of; been
C. in the charge of; been D. take charge of; fallen
6. If you are not clear about the announcement, you can _____ the organizers three days later.
A. require B. consult C. instruct D. rely on
7. You see the lightning _____ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
A. the instant B. for an instant C. on the instant D. in an instant
8. “Try to _____ a dialogue using the following expressions,” the teacher said.
A. pick up B. make up C. take up D. show up
9. I think _____ a joke to stay on the bench in the park for a cold winter night.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
10. He wrote too carelessly, and I can’t ______ his handwriting.
A. make up B. make out C. go on D. go off
11. —What will they ______ tonight in the theater?
—A tragedy.
A. put on B. put off C. put out D. put up
12. John was dismissed last week because of his ________ attitude towards his job.
A. informal B. casual C. determined D. earnest
13. Many people need ________ in choosing a job after they leave school. Luckily, there is much information on the Web about job opportunities (机会).
A. introduction B. guidance C. assistance D. handbook
14. If we know more about how to give ________ first aid，we may help people in ________ emergency.
A．/；the B．the；an C．the；/ D．/；an
15. He spoke _______ to draw their attention in defense of his friend’s safety.
A. of B. at C. up D. about
16. The great difficulty I had ________ the patient who received a serious wound was unimaginable.
A. treat B. to treat C. treating D. treated
17. Many Chinese universities provide scholarships for students in need of financial ________.
A. treat B. guidance C. assistance D. aid
18. He is good-natured and has never ________ with anyone.
A. asked B. quarreled C. consulted D. confirmed
19. My mother often warned me to _____ as I was writing.
A. stand up B. sit up C. sit down D. get up
20. Fred agreed to offer workers a full monthly wage. Also, he agreed to give workers a year-end ________.
A. reward B. prize C. bonus D. income
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. topic (题目，论题) 2. insurance 3. quarrelling 4. income 5. quality (质量)
6. consulted 7. basis 8. surrounding 9. casual 10. charge
二、根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. get lost in, keep calm 2. go into details 3. was simply made up 4. speak up
5. to sit up 6. the instant 7. take charge of 8. rather than
三、单项选择
1. C。句意：那个城市的前市长被控受贿、挪用公款。charge控告，但其后不用of，而用with。be accused of被控诉。
2. B。so far 到目前为止；the other day 前几天；at one time 一度，从前。根据句意“今年春天到现在为止一直很冷”，选B。
3. A。从下文可知，“You”认错人了，所以前句是说“他是普通老师，而不是电影明星”，所以选rather than，表示“而不是”。more than 超过，多于；other than 除了；less than 少于。
4. A。该句意思为“婴儿学会做事情，因为它的某些行为能有所回报，这个观念为人们所普遍接受。” reward 报酬；prize 奖赏，奖金；award 奖品，奖金；result 结果。
5. C。in the charge of表示“由某人负责”，有被动意义。fall ill不可以和since last week连用。
6. B。对公告的事不清楚可以咨询（consult）组织者，不是要求（require）、指导（instruct）、或依赖（rely on）。
7. A。句意为“闪电你立刻就能见到，而雷声要过一会儿才能听到。”the instant可以用作连词，意为“一……就……”；for an instant用作状语意为“一会儿”；in an instant意为“立即”；没有on the instance这种用法。
8. B。make up“编造”。句意：老师说：“试着用下列短语编一个对话”。pick up 派车接，偶然学会；take up 占去，开始从事；show up 出现。
9. B。it作形式宾语，代替后面的不定式短语。
10. B。根据句意“他写得太粗心了”，所以不能辨认他的笔迹，选make out（辨认出，理解）。
11. A。从答语（一部悲剧）可知，问句选“put on（上演）”。句意：今晚这家剧院上演什么戏剧？put off 延期；put out 扑灭；put up 建立，竖起。
12. B。被解雇了一定是因为对待工作过于随便，所以选B。句意：约翰上周因对待工作态度不认真而被解雇了。casual 随随便便的，不经意的；informal 非正式的；determined 坚决的；earnest 认真的，热心的。
13. B。句意：很多人在毕业后选择工作的时候都需要指导。幸运的是，现在在网上有很多关于就业机会的信息。guidance 指导；introduction 介绍；assistance 援助；handbook 意为“指导书”，是可数名词，不合题意。
14. D。give first aid 给予急救；in an emergency遇到紧急情况；aid表示“援助”时，是不可数名词；emergency 在“in an emergency”短语中，是可数名词，表示一次具体的紧急情况。
15. C。句意：为了保护朋友的安全，他大声地说着话，来吸引他们的注意。speak up 大声地说；speak of 说到，谈到；speak about 说起有关......；speak at指桑骂槐。
16. C。句意：我在治疗这个受重伤的病人时遇到的困难难以想象的。注意这里面的短语have difficulty (in) doing sth., I had是定语从句，difficulty是先行词，根据上面的短语可知选C。
17. D。句意：许多中国的大学为那些需要经济帮助的学生提供奖学金。aid常指在经济上提供的帮助或援助，符合题意。treat 招待，款待；guidance 指导；assistance 指在道义、知识或物质等方面给予帮助或协助。
18. B。句意：他脾气很好，从不和任何人争吵。quarrel 争吵，吵架；consult 咨询；confirm 证实。
19. B。sit up 坐端正。句意：当我在写作业时，妈妈经常警告我要坐直。
20. C。句意：弗莱德同意给工人一整月的工资，而且他还同意给工人年终奖金。bonus 奖金，红利，额外令人高兴的事情；reward 报酬；prize 奖金，奖品；income 收入。