北师大版高中英语模块5Unit 14 Careers 语言点2

Unit 14 Careers 语言点（2）
学习目标
重点词汇
overcome, grasp, commit, hesitate, decrease, doubt/ multiply, operate, flexible, envy, bother, comfort, panic

重点短语
believe in, turn over, pay off, keep up with, in case, due to,
as long as, in addition

重点句型
not... but
强调句型
知识讲解
重点词汇
overcome
【原句回放】Although there were lots of difficulties to overcome，she never let her problems defeat her. 虽然生活中有许多困难，但她从不让困难打败自己。
【点拨】overcome vt. 战胜，克服 (过去式overcame，过去分词overcome)
Sleep overcame me. 睡意征服了我。
Can you overcome your shortcoming? 你可以克服你的缺点吗？
He overcame a strong temptation to run away.
他抵制了逃跑的强烈念头。
grasp
【原句回放】She said she chose to be a journalist because it is important that people grasp what is going on around them. 她说选择做记者是因为人们了解周围发生的事是很重要的。
【点拨】grasp vt. 抓牢；理解；掌握
n. 抓住；理解
常用搭配：grasp at企图抓到，向……伸手
have/get grasp of sth.理解某事
out of/beyond one’s grasp超出某人的理解能力；超出某人的能力
in/within one’s grasp在某人掌握中
I grasped the cat by the back of its neck. 我抓住了猫的后脖颈。
He grasped at the thief, but he fell to the ground.
他试图抓住那个小偷，但是跌倒在地。
I think I grasped the main points of the speech.
我想我已经领会了演说的重点。
She has a good grasp of the English language. 她精通英语。
【拓展】seize和grasp
seize指“突然用力地抓住”。
grasp 指“紧紧地抓住”，也用于比喻，表示“掌握、领会”。
commit
【原句回放】I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports. 我发现只要坚持不懈，永不放弃，我就能写出高质量的报道。
【点拨】commit vt.投入(工作，活动等)；犯(错误，罪行)
常用搭配：commit ... to... 投身到……（注意to是介词）
commit a crime犯罪
commit suicide自杀
commit an error犯错
If you commit yourself to your study，you’ll succeed one day.
如果你投入到你的学业中，终有一天会成功。
He committed an unforgivable error in handling this business.
他处理这一业务时犯了一个不可原谅的错误。
The child was committed to the nurse’s care. 孩子被交给护士照顾。
The government has committed itself to improving health education.
政府决心致力于改善健康教育。
【拓展】commitment n．责任，义务，承诺
committed adj. 乐于献身的
He is totally committed to his work. 他全心全意地做他的工作。
hesitate
【原句回放】She hesitated and then told me that the year before she had broken her wrist and that the previous month she had twisted her ankle. 她犹豫了一下，然后告诉我去年她摔断了手腕，上个月她扭伤了脚踝。
【点拨】hesitate v. 犹豫，踌躇
常用搭配：hesitate over/ about 对......犹豫不决
hesitate (about) whether ... (关于) 是否做.....犹豫不决
hesitate to do ... 迟疑于做......
She hesitated over/ about the choice between the two dresses.
她犹豫不决，不能决定两条连衣裙中选哪一条。
I hesitate about taking his side until I know the whole story.
我在知道这事以前犹豫是否支持他。
When (you are) in need, don’t hesitate to turn to me.
需要时，请不必客气，找我帮忙。
【拓展】hesitation n. 犹豫（之事或行为）
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地, 立即
decrease
【原句回放】Jobs in farming，coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly. 农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位迅速减少。
【点拨】decrease v．& n. 减少，降低
常用搭配：decrease by减少了
decrease to减少到
on the decrease 在减少
The number of traffic accidents has decreased. 交通事故的次数已经减少。
There has been a steady decrease in population in this city. 这个城市的人口在持续下降。
The membership decreased to 150.会员数减少到150人。
【拓展】increase v. & n．增加，增大，增长
常用搭配：on the increase不断增加，正在增大中
doubt/ multiply
【原句回放】Without doubt, the number of jobs in information technology will multiply. 毫无疑问，信息技术领域的工作职位将会大幅度地增加。
【点拨1】doubt vt. & n. 怀疑，疑惑，不确定
注意：动词doubt在肯定句中可接if或whether；在否定句及疑问句中可跟that从句。有时在肯定句中也能接that从句,但表示“恐怕......不会”。
常用搭配：doubt of 对......抱怀疑或悲观态度
in doubt 怀疑，拿不定主意
no/ without / beyond doubt 无疑地；必定
There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问......（that引导同位语从句，说明doubt的内容）
I doubt if / whether he will win. 我怀疑他能否赢。
I don’t doubt that he will win. 我毫不怀疑他会赢。
I doubt that he will win. 恐怕他赢不了。
The project began badly and we doubt of its further progress.
这项工程开始就不顺利,我们怀疑能否继续进行。
The outcome of the election remains in doubt. 选举结果仍然不能肯定。
【点拨2】multiply v. 乘；成倍增加
Five multiplied by five is twenty-five. 5乘5得25。（multiplied by five是过去分词作定语）
Efficiency would be multiplied several times. 效率将提高好几倍。
operate
【原句回放】Similarly，companies will operate in different ways. 同样，公司也将以不同的方式运转。
【点拨】operate vt.运转，运作，操作
vi. 动手术，运转，起作用
常用搭配：operate on（+ 某人或身体部位）
This machine doesn’t operate smoothly. 这台机器运转不灵了。
The company operates three factories. 这个公司经营了三家工厂。
Can you operate a sewing machine? 你会使用缝纫机吗？
The doctor began to operate on his mother. 医生开始给他的妈妈做手术。
【拓展】operation n. 操作，运转，手术
flexible
【原句回放】Because of this, workers will have to be more flexible. 因为这个，工人们不得不更加灵活。
【点拨】flexible adj. 灵活的，可变动的；柔韧的，柔顺的，可弯曲的
You need to be more flexible and imaginative in your approach.
你需要在方法上更灵活点，更有点想象力。
Can you be flexible about when you take your leave? 你休假的时间能变动吗？
To do the work, you need a flexible ruler. 要做这个工作，你需要一个软尺。　 ?
【拓展】flexibility n. 灵活
　　 flexibly adv. 灵活地，柔顺地
　　 flexitime n. 弹性时间工作制
envy
【原句回放】According to Dr Laurence Lyons of Future Work，women will be envied because they have an advantage in this area. “未来工作论坛”的劳伦斯·莱昂斯博士指出女性将受人羡慕，因为她们在这一领域占有优势。
【点拨】envy vt. & n.羡慕，妒忌
常用搭配：feel envy at对……感到妒忌/羡慕
out of envy出于妒忌
with envy 羡慕地
She always envies me my long hair. 她总是羡慕我的一头长发。
He looked with envy at his neighbor’s new car. 他以羡慕的眼光看着邻居的新车。
His attitudes toward him were out of envy. 他对他的态度是因为嫉妒。
【拓展】envious adj. 羡慕的
bother
【原句回放】English will probably remain the international business language，so don’t bother learning Russian or Spanish. 英语可能还会是国际商业语言，所以不必费心去学习俄语或西班牙语。
【点拨】bother vt.打扰；烦扰
bother sb. with sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人
bother about sth.为某事烦恼
bother to do sth.特意/特地做某事
put sb. to any bother给某人添乱
I don’t want to bother him with my problems at the moment.
我现在不想因为我的问题而打扰他。
Don’t bother about answering his letter. 你不必回复他的信。
The guests had a lot of bother finding their way here.
客人们费了很大劲才找到这里。
【拓展】比较：bother，trouble与annoy
bother麻烦，使烦扰（侧重因为某事而操心、烦恼）
trouble意思更进一层，指“使人苦恼”。
annoy骚扰，使恼怒（通常指重复性的行为使别人生气）
comfort
【原句回放】Working like this allows you to live where you want，to continue your studies and to enjoy the comfort of having a lot more free time. 这样的工作方式使你能够住在想住的地方，继续学业，并且享受拥有很多自由时间的舒适生活。
【点拨】comfort n．舒适，安慰；给予安慰的人或事
vt. 安慰，使舒适
常用搭配：in comfort舒适地
take/seek comfort in在……中得到/寻求安慰
His kindness gave her much (great) comfort. 他的亲切使她颇感安慰。
Her grandfather spent old age in comfort. 她祖父度过了一个舒适的晚年。
A hot cup of milk on a cold night is a real comfort. 在寒冷的夜晚喝一杯热牛奶真舒服。
The letter from home comforted him. 收到家书使他深感欣慰。
【拓展】comfortable adj.舒适的，舒服的
panic
【原句回放】First of all，don’t panic. 首先，不要惊慌。
【点拨】panic v. & n. 恐慌，惊惶 （过去式和过去分词都为panicked）
常用搭配：panic sb. into doing sth. 使仓促行动
in panic 恐慌地
get into a panic陷入恐慌
get up/ cause a panic引起惊慌
He panicked and ran as fast as he could to safety.
他很惊慌，赶快跑到安全地方。
The thunder panicked the horse.响雷使马惊慌。
When the theatre caught fire，there was a panic.
剧院失火时，引起一阵恐慌。
The small boy looked round in panic.
小男孩心慌意乱地四下张望着。
重点短语
believe in
【原句回放】I asked her how she had achieved success and she told me that being curious，working hard，and believing in what was true made her the success she is today. 我问她是怎样获得成功的，她告诉我是好奇心、努力工作和忠于事实的原则促成了她今日的成功。
【点拨】believe in 相信，信任，信仰
We believe in him. He is an honest boy. 我们信任他，他是一个诚实的男孩。
Do you believe in ghosts? 你相信有鬼吗？
I don’t believe in hitting children.我不赞成打孩子。
【拓展】believe in和believe
1）believe相信事情的真实性,或者强调某人说的话的真实性。
2）而believe in 表示“信任；信仰（真理、原则、宗教等）”或“相信……存在”。
Believe me. You will get well very soon．
相信我（的话是真的），你一定会很快就恢复健康的。
turn over
【原句回放】We would look in old nests to find birds’feathers and we would even turn over stones to look at the little creatures there. 我们会在旧鸟巢里寻找鸟的羽毛，甚至把石头翻起来观察那里的小虫子。
【点拨】turn over反转
常用搭配：turn over sb. to... 把某人交给(警方等)
turn sth. over to sb. 托付某人负责某事
turn sth. over in one’s mind认真考虑某事
The little child liked to turn over the stones to find the ants.
这个小孩喜欢掀开石头找蚂蚁玩。
If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep.
你若翻个身，也许入睡会容易些。
【拓展】turn的相关短语
turn around/round转变，(使)转好 turn away回绝，把……打发走
turn down关小，调低；拒绝 turn off/ on 关掉/ 打开
turn out结果(是)，证明(是)；制造，生产 turn to翻到，转向；求助于
pay off
【原句回放】This paid off because she won an award for the report. 她的坚持获得了成功，因为她的报道获奖了。
【点拨】pay off取得成功，得到好结果；偿还清，解雇
With the help of a lot of people，our plan has been paid off.
在许多人的帮助下，我们的计划取得了成功。
It took them three years to pay off the debt. 他们三年才还清欠债。
【拓展】pay相关短语
pay back还钱，报复；归还 pay for付钱，为……受到惩罚
pay sth. out付钱 pay up交清
keep up with
【原句回放】Between now and the 21st century，citizens of the world’s richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change. 从现在开始到21世纪，这个世界最富有和最先进的国家的公民都会感到越来越难以跟上变化的需要。
【点拨】keep up with跟上，赶上(保持一致)
Don’t run—I can’t keep up with you.
别跑了，我跟不上你。
I can’t keep up with all the changes.
并非所有的变化我都跟得上。
【拓展】catch up with赶上(表示动作)
After being out of school so long，Helen had to work hard to catch up with the rest of the class.
离校那么长时间了，海伦不得不用功学习以赶上其他同学。
in case
【原句回放】Work with more than one program in case you have to use them at work，and try to read about new technology. 工作时要不止使用一个程序，以防以后工作用到，另外要尽力读有关新技术的书。
【点拨】in case假使；免得，以防万一
常用搭配：in case of... 假使……，万一……
In case he comes，let me know. 假使他来了就告诉我。
They watched him closely in case he should escape.
他们严密监视他，惟恐他会逃脱。
Press this button in case of fire. 遇火灾时按下此钮。
【拓展】case的相关短语：
in any case 无论如何，总之 in no case 决不
in the case of... 就……来说，至于…… in this/that case 既然这/那样，假使这/那样
as is often the case (with...) （对……）是常有的事
due to
【原句回放】I think I would be a good journalist due to my language skills. 我认为由于我的语言技能我将会是一个好记者。
【点拨】due to prep. 表示“因……引起”，较正式的书面语，相当于because of/ caused by。
Believe it or not, many accidents are due to driving at high speed.
信不信由你，许多事故都是因为高速驾驶。
Our happy childhood is due to our father’s hard work.
我们幸福的童年归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
【拓展】意思相近的短语还有：
because of 因为 owing to 由于
on account of 由于 thanks to 多亏，幸亏，由于（通常用于好的方面，或者反语）
as a result of 作为......的结果，由于
as long as
【原句回放】I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports. 我发现只要坚持不懈，永不放弃，我就能写出高质量的报道。
【点拨】as/so long as只要（引导条件状语从句）
We can quickly overcome these difficulties as long as we are closely together.
只要我们紧紧地团结在一起，就一定能克服这些困难。
We’ll go out for a picnic as long as it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
只要明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。
in addition
【原句回放】In addition, I am also a good photographer, which might be useful for some of the articles. 此外，我还是一个很好的摄影师，这可能对一些文章有所帮助。
【点拨】in addition 此外，另外
In addition, they do not match very much. 除此之外，他们两人并不十分般配。
We met some friends and other people in addition.
我们遇见几位朋友，还遇见其他一些人。
【拓展】in addition to除……之外（to为介词，后接动词-ing形式及名词、代词作宾语）
In addition to native plants, this garden contains numerous trees and flowers from overseas.
除了当地的植物之外，这座花园还有无数来自海外的花草树木。
重点句型
not... but
【原句回放】It’s not about making men more like women, but helping them to communicate as well. 其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男人同样良好地沟通。
【点拨】not ... but 不是......而是...... （连接并列成分）
He isn’t at school but at home today. 他今天不在学校而是在家里。
The camel is not blind in the left eye but in the right one.
这只骆驼不是瞎在左眼，而是瞎在右眼。
He did not do any work today but played about all day.
他今天没做任何工作而是一整天闲游。
【拓展】not only ... but also ... 不仅......而且......
She is not only smart but also brilliant. 她不仅聪明过人而且才华横溢。
强调句型
【原句回放】It was my mother who taught me to be curious. 是母亲教我对事物充满好奇心。
【点拨】强调句型：It + be + 强调部分+that (who) + 句子其它部分
注意：此句型用于强调除了谓语以外的其他成分。
Carol met your brother in the street yesterday. 卡罗尔昨天在街上碰到你弟弟了。
强调主语Carol：
It was Carol who (that) met your brother in the street yesterday.
是卡罗尔昨天在街上碰到你弟弟的。
强调宾语your brother：
It was your brother that Carol met in the street yesterday. 卡罗尔昨天在街上碰到的是你弟弟。
强调地点状语：
It was in the street that (不用where) Carol met your brother yesterday.
卡罗尔昨天是在街上碰到你弟弟的。
强调时间状语：
It was yesterday that (不用when) Carol met your brother in the street.
是昨天卡罗尔在街上碰到你弟弟的。
强调原因状语：
It was because her mother was ill that she didn’t go to work.
是因为她母亲生病她才没去上班。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1．I never really feel _________（舒服）speaking in a foreign language.
2. If you look at unemployment, it _________（降低）rapidly in the past few months.
3. Many people question the _________ (存在) of ghost.
4. Their four children had died as babies；the fifth one _________ (存活).
5. In spite of their quarrel，they ________ (仍是) best friends.
6. They have ________ (犯罪) many horrible crimes against the government.
7. According to this new law, it is i_________ for any citizen to hunt wild wolves.
8. The mother’s words of love c_________ the sobbing child.
9. The f________ club is a place where you can do exercise to keep fit.
10. The teacher asked his students to make a s_________ of the passage they had read.
二、根据汉语提示，完成句子。
without doubt, believe in, turn over, pay off, keep up with
in case, due to, as long as, in addition, respond to
1. In order to ________________ him, they walked faster and faster.
2.______________，the little girl didn’t steal the money on the desk.　
3. Jack, take a hat with you ___________ the sun is very hot.
4. The accident is _____________ his carelessness. I think he is to blame.
5. Going to college can open your eyes. __________, it can also improve your ability.
6. He failed _________________ the medicine, so he had to ask the doctor for advice.
7. Years of efforts ______________. The singer’s first album was well received.
8. __________ the stone and you will find what is beneath it.
9. Confidence is of great importance. _____________ yourself!
10. I’ll accept any job ____________ I don’t have to get up early.
三、单项选择
1. People living in the areas where there is a lack of electricity often keep a supply of candles ________ power failure.
A．in case of B．once C．even if D．in course of
2. My parents don’t mind what job I do ________ I am happy.
A．even though B．as soon as C．as long as D．as though
3. It was _________ he said __________ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what
4. I bought a new type of cell phone, which was the ______ of all my classmates.
A. use B. wish C. choice D. envy
5. John studied hard before the examination and it ______. He made an A.
A. paid back B. paid off C. paid for D. paid out
6. The President committed himself ______ the environment.
A. to improving B. to improve C. on improving D. improving
7. If you can ______ difficulties whenever you meet, you are certain to make progress.
A. get into B. have C. overcome D. cause
8. When the telephone rang he just ________ and went to sleep again.
A. turned off B. turned out C. turned up D. turned over
9. Don’t _______ to contact me if you need help.
A. worry B. apologize C. dislike D. hesitate
10. If you get up early, try not to _________ everyone else.
A. bother B. interrupt C. disturb D. stop
11. —Have you got the news that Jack’s company has gone broken?
—Yes, I think their failure _________ a mixture of bad luck and poor management.
A. results in B. is due to C. leads to D. brings to
12. Her son gave great _________ to her after her husband passed away.
A. comfort B. sorrow C. enjoyment D. fun
13. I would rather not _________ him until I’m absolutely sure that he is trustworthy.
A. rely on B. believe in C. count for D. rely in
14. He tried to _________ anything that might help him.
A. glare B. grasp C. look D. laugh
15. As we climbed up the mountain, the dangers and difficulties _________.
A. changed B. multiplied C. enlarged D. blew
16. —Is there anything wrong?
—The machine is not _________ properly.
A. moving B. walking C. playing D. operating
17. The teacher gave him some coaching to help him ________ the class.
A. keep up B. keep to C. keep on D. keep up with
18. When four banks failed in one day, there was a ________ among businessmen.
A. picnic B. panic C. trouble D. disorder
19. _________ the construction mentioned above, we have also learned phrases.
A. Except B. Except for C. In addition to D. But for
20. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.
A. heavy　　　B. smooth　　　 C. flexible　 　D. complex
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. comfortable 2. has decreased 3. existence 4. survived 5. remain
6. committed 7. illegal 8. comforted 9. fitness 10. summary
二、选词填空
1. keep up with 2. Without doubt 3. in case 4. due to 5. In addition
6. to respond to 7. paid off 8. Turn over 9. Believe in 10. as long as
疑难解析：
6. respond to 对......作出反应，对......有某种反应；fail to do sth. 没有能够做某事。
三、单项选择
1. A。储存蜡烛是为了万一（in case of）停电时好用，所以选A。句意：住在这个电力短缺的地区的人们经常要储存蜡烛，以防万一有停电事故。once 一旦，一次；even if 即使；in course of 正在......过程中。
2. C。句意：我父母不介意我做什么工作，只要我高兴。as long as 只要；even though 即使；as soon as 一......就；as though 好像。
3. A。what he said 是主语从句，表示“他所说的话”，what表示“......的东西/话”，that在名词性从句中没有意义，只起连接作用，只有句子完整时用；整个句子是强调句，强调的是主语从句what he said，所以第二空填that。
4. D。句意：我买了一部新手机，那是我的所有同学羡慕的东西。envy 嫉妒的对象，羡慕的目标。choice 选择；wish 愿望。
5. B。考试得了A，说明努力学习有了报偿，所以选B。pay off有报偿，得到好结果，偿还清；pay back 偿还；pay for 为......付款；pay out 支付，付出。
6. A。commit oneself to 意为“致力于，投身于”，其中to是介词，要接动词-ing形式。所以选A。句意：这位总统致力于改善环境。
7. C。句意：如果你能克服（overcome）所遇到的困难，你当然会取得进步的。get into 进入，陷入；cause 导致。
8. D。turn over 翻过来；turn off 关闭；turn out 证明是，结果是；turn up 出现，开大声。句意：当电话铃响的时候，他只是翻过身来，继续又睡了。
9. D。句意：如果你需要帮助，请不要有任何犹豫联系我。worry担心；apologize道歉；dislike厌恶；hesitate犹豫。
10. C。句意：如果你要早起的话，设法不要打扰别的人。disturb 打扰，妨碍；bother使烦扰（侧重因为某事而操心、烦恼）；interrupt 打断，插话；stop 停止。
11. B。句意：——你听说杰克的公司已经破产的消息了吗？——听说了，我认为他们的失败是由于运气不佳和管理不善。due to 由于；因......造成。result in / lead to导致。
12. A。句意：她的丈夫死后，儿子给了她很大的安慰。comfort 安慰；sorrow 悲痛；enjoyment 愉快；fun 乐趣。
13. A。句意：我只有绝对相信他值得依赖时，我才愿意指望他。rely on 相信，信赖（某人或某物）；believe in 表示“相信，信奉（信仰）”，后接真理、宗教、原则等；count for 有......价值，有重要性；rely in是错误搭配。
14. B。句意：他努力抓住任何对自己有帮助的东西。grasp 紧紧地抓住，掌握，领会；glare 怒视。
15. B。句意：我们越向山顶攀爬，危险和困难越是倍增。multiply 成倍增加；change 改变；blow 吹；enlarge 大小、体积、范围、能力的增多。
16. D。operate 此处是不及物动词，意为“运行”，符合题意。句意：这台机器运转得不正常。
17. D。句意：老师给了他一些辅导来帮助他不被班里同学落下。keep up with 赶上；keep up 保持；keep to遵循；keep on 继续工作。
18. B。一天之内四家银行倒闭，引起的一定是“恐慌（panic）”。picnic 野餐；trouble 表示“麻烦”，是不可数名词；disorder 紊乱，混乱。
19. C。从题干里的also可知需要填的是“除了......还有”，选项A、B都不合题意。but for 意为“要不是”，也不合题意。
20. C。句意：在外面工作的妈妈应该有灵活的工作安排，以确保她们能更容易照顾自己的孩子。heavy 重的；smooth 顺利的；flexible 灵活的；complex 复杂的。