Unit 4 Earthquakes
1976年7月28日，唐山市发生了强度里氏7.8级的地震，这是20世纪死伤率最大的地震之一。
1976 Tangshan Earthquake
At 3：42 am, an earthquake measuring between 7.8 and 8.2 magnitude on the Richter scale flattened Tangshan, a Chinese industrial city with a population of about one million. As almost everyone was asleep in their beds, instead of outside in the relatively safe streets, the quake was especially costly in terms of human life. It’s estimated that about 242，000 people in Tangshan and surrounding areas were killed, making the earthquake one of the deadliest in recorded history.
In the days before the earthquake, well?water levels rose and fell. Rats were seen running in panicked(恐慌的) packs in broad daylight. Chickens refused to eat. During the evening of July 27 and the early morning hours of July 28, people reported flashes of colored light and roaring(轰鸣的) fireballs.
At 3：42 am, most people were sleeping quietly when the earthquake struck. It lasted for 14－16 seconds and leveled 90 percent of Tangshan’s buildings. At least a
quarter?of?a?million people were killed and 160，000 were injured. The earthquake came during the heat of midsummer, and many frightened survivors climbed out of their ruined houses naked, covered only in dust and blood. The earthquake started fires and lit explosive and poisonous gases in Tangshan’s factories. Water and electricity were cut off and rails and roads accessible to the city were destroyed.
The Chinese government was ill?prepared for a disaster of this scale at that time. The day following the quake, helicopters and planes began dropping food and medicine into the city. About 100，000 soldiers of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army were ordered to Tangshan, and many had to march on foot from Jinzhou, a distance of more than 180 miles. About 30，000 medical personnel were called in, along with 30，000 construction workers. In the decisive first week after the disaster, many people died from lack of medical care.
Tangshan was eventually rebuilt with sufficient earthquake precautions.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.earthquake n． 地震
2.burst vi. 爆裂；爆发
n. 突然破裂；爆发
3.million n. 百万
4.event n. 事件；大事
5.ruin n. 废墟；毁灭
vt. 毁灭；使破产
6.destroy vt. 破坏；毁坏；消灭
7.rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
8.trap vt. 使陷入困境
n. 陷阱；困境
9.disaster n. 灾难；灾祸
10.bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
11.shelter n. 掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
12.electricity n. 电；电流；电学
拓展词汇
13.nation n．民族；国家；国民→national adj.国家的；全国性的
14.suffering n．苦难；痛苦→suffer v．遭受
15.extreme adj.极度的→extremely adv.极端地；很；非常地
16.injure vt.损害；伤害→injury n．伤害
17.useless adj.无用的；无效的；无益的→useful adj.有用的→use n．用途 v．使用
18.shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊→shocked adj.震惊的；震撼的→shocking adj.令人震惊的
19.dirt n．污垢；泥土→dirty adj.脏的， 肮脏的
20.mine n．矿；矿山；矿井→miner n．矿工
阅读词汇
21.well n． 井
22.crack n. 裂缝；噼啪声
vt.& vi. (使)开裂；破裂
23.smelly adj. 发臭的，有臭味的
24.farmyard n. 农场；农家
25.pipe n. 管；导管
26.canal n． 运河；水道
27.steam n. 蒸汽；水汽
28.brick n. 砖；砖块
29.dam n. 水坝；堰堤
30.track n. 轨道；足迹；痕迹
重点短语
1.right away 立刻；马上
2.as if 仿佛；好像
3.at an end 结束；终结
4.in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
5.dig out 掘出；发现
6.a (great) number of 许多；大量的
重点句型
1.too＋adj.＋to...由于太……而不……
In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat(由于太紧张而不吃东西).
2.It seems/seemed as if...看起来似乎……
It seemed as if(看起来似乎) the world was at an end！
3.everywhere引导让步状语从句
Everywhere they looked(无论他们朝哪里看) nearly everything was destroyed.
4.not与all连用表示部分否定
All hope was not lost(不是所有的希望都破灭了).
Fast?reading
Skim the text and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．A terrible earthquake of Tangshan.
B．Before the earthquake of Tangshan.
C．During the earthquake of Tangshan.
D．Damages of the earthquake of Tangshan.
答案：A
2．Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para.1 A．The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.
Para.2 B．The earthquake happened and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan.
Para.3
C．Help came soon after the quakes.
Para.4 D．No one paid attention though strange things happened.
答案：DBAC
Careful?reading
Read the text carefully and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．The first paragraph implies that ________．
A．people didn’t think too much of the earthquake
B．people were made to lose their sense by the sudden big earthquake
C．people didn’t realize that a terrible earthquake happened in such a short time
D．people didn’t think an earthquake could bring such great damage
2．The title “A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP” means ________．
A．the earth was awake all night long
B．a terrible earthquake happened that night
C．people on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night
D．animals on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night
3．Which of the following words can best describe the feelings of the writer?
A．Pitiful and hopeless.
B．Sorrowful and hopeful.
C．Hopeful and shocked.
D．Merciful and delighted.
答案：1－3.CBB
Study?reading
Analyze the following sentences in the text that may be difficult to understand.
1．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.
[翻译] 老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。
2．But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
[翻译] 但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
3．People began to wonder how long the disaster would last.
[翻译] 人们开始疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。
4．The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
[翻译] 部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
①well[wel]n.井
②rise[ra?z]vi.上升；增加(不及物动词，不用于被动语态)
③crack[kr?k]n.裂缝；噼啪声
vt.&vi.(使)开裂；破裂
④smelly['smel?]adj.发臭的；有臭味的
⑤farmyard['fɑ?mjɑ?d]n.农场；农家
⑥pipe[pa?p]n.管；导管
⑦burst[b??st]vi.(burst, burst) 爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
⑧million['m?lj?n]n.百万
⑨think little of认为……没什么了不起，对……满不在乎
⑩event[?'vent]n.事件；大事
?as if仿佛；好像
?at an end结束；终结
?directly adv.正好，恰好
?nation['ne??n]n.民族；国家；国民
?cut across 横穿；抄近路穿越
?canal[k?'n?l]n.运河；水道
?steam[sti?m]n.蒸汽；水汽
?dirt[d??t]n.污垢；泥土
?ruin['ru??n]n.废墟；毁灭
vt.毁灭；使破产
in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
?suffering['s?f?r??]n.苦难；痛苦
extreme[?k'stri?m]adj.极度的
two?thirds 三分之二
当分数的分子大于1时，分母用复数形式。
injure['?nd??]vt.损害；伤害
the number of... ……的数量
a number of很多，许多，大量
survivor[s?'va?v?]n.幸存者；生还者；残存物
destroy[d?'str??]vt.破坏；毁坏；消灭
destruction[dI'str?k??n]n.破坏；毁灭
gone adj.不复存在；用完了；走了
brick[br?k]n. 砖；砖块
cover['k?v?(r)]vt.覆盖；报道；行走(一段路程)
dam[d?m]n.水坝；堰堤
track[tr?k]n.轨道；足迹；痕迹
useless['ju?sl?s]adj.无用的；无效的；无益的
tens of thousands of 数以万计的
shocked adj.惊愕的，受震惊的
shock[??k]vt.& vi. (使)震惊；震动 n．休克；打击；震惊
quake[kwe?k]n.地震
rescue['reskju?]n.&vi.援救；营救
trap[tr?p]vt.使陷入困境
n．陷阱；困境
be trapped in被困在……中
electricity[??lek'tr?s?t?]n.电；电流；电学
wonder['w?nd?(r)]v.琢磨；想知道
n．奇观；惊奇
disaster[d?'zɑ?st?]n.灾难；灾祸
dig out 掘出；发现
bury['ber?]vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
to the north of... 相当于north of...，意为“位于……以北”。
miner['ma?n?]n.矿工
be rescued from... 被从……中解救出
mine[ma?n]n.矿；矿山；矿井
shelter['?elt?]n.掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处
【核心素养链接·文化采风】
地震是造成人员死亡最多的自然灾害。全球每年发生约500万次地震，有感地震占1%。在有感地震中，仅100次左右造成灾害，而且全球85%的地震发生在海洋中，15%发生在大陆上。全球地震主要分布在环太平洋地震带和欧亚地震带，集中了80%的7级以上地震。中国、日本、伊朗、土耳其、美国、印尼等国都是地震灾害严重的国家。
A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDN’T SLEEP
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells① rose②and fell，rose and fell.Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks③in them. A smelly④ gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards⑤， the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds.At about 3：00 am on July 28，1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes⑥ in some buildings cracked and burst⑦. But the one million⑧ people of the city, who thought little of⑨ these events⑩， were asleep as usual that night.
◆现在分词短语looking for places to hide作伴随状语。
◆when引导时间状语从句，even用在when前起加强语气的作用。
◆who在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the one million people of the city。
At 3：42 am everything began to shake.It seemed as if?the world was at an end?！Eleven kilometres directly? below the city one of the greatest earthquakes of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometres away. One?third of the nation?felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across?houses, roads and canals?.Steam?burst from holes in the ground.Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt?.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins?.The suffering?of the people was extreme. Two?thirdsof them died or were injuredduring the earthquake.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents.The number ofpeople who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400，000.
◆which在此引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Beijing。
◆that在此引导定语从句，先行词为A huge crack, that在从句中作主语，不可省略。
But how could the survivorsbelieve it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.Brickscoveredthe ground like red autumn leaves.No wind，however，could blow them away. Two damsfell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for travelling.The railway trackswere now uselesspieces of steel.Tens of thousands ofcows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water.People were shocked.Then，later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trappedunder the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricitywere hard to get. People began to wonderhow long the disasterwould last.
◆Everywhere在此用作连词，引导地点状语从句，相当Wherever。
◆Water, food, and electricity were hard to get为“主语＋系动词＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构，其中Water, food, and electricity是get的逻辑宾语，动词不定式to get用主动形式表达被动含义。
All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to help the rescue workers. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped.The army organized teams to dig outthose who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10，000 minerswere rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
◆All...not...相当于Not all...，表示部分否定，意为“并非所有的……都……”。
◆who在此引导定语从句，先行词为those。当先行词those指人时，只用who引导定语从句，不用that。
◆关系代词whose引导定语从句，whose在从句中作homes的定语。其中whose homes可换成of whom the homes。
地球的一个不眠之夜
河北省东北部的农村不断有怪事发生。三天来，村子里的井水升升降降、起起伏伏。农民们注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂缝，裂缝里冒出臭气。农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪由于太紧张而不吃东西。老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方躲藏。鱼缸和池塘里的鱼往外跳。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，有人看到空中出现一道道亮光。即使空中没有飞机，在唐山市外也可以听到飞机的声音。在市内，有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝并爆裂开来。但是，唐山市的100万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当回事，当天晚上照常睡着了。
凌晨3点42分，一切都开始摇晃起来。仿佛到了世界末日！20世纪最大的地震之一就在唐山市正下方11千米处爆发了。在200多千米以外的北京也感觉到了震动，全国三分之一的地方都有震感。一条8千米长、30米宽的巨大裂缝横穿房屋、道路和水道。蒸汽从地上的洞里冒了出来。坚硬的岩石山变成了泥沙河。在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就成了废墟。人们遭受了极大的苦难。三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。成千上万个家庭遇难，许多孩子变成了孤儿。死亡和重伤人数达到40多万。
然而，幸存者又怎么能相信这是自然的呢？人们无论朝哪里看，哪里的一切都几乎被毁了。市内所有的医院、75%的工厂和建筑以及90%的住宅都不复存在了。砖块就像秋天的红叶一样覆盖着大地，不过风没法刮走它们。两座水坝垮了，大多数桥梁不是塌了，就是无法安全通行了。铁轨如今变成了一块块废钢。数以万计的奶牛再也不能产奶了，50万头猪和几百万只鸡全都死了。井里满是沙子，而不是水。人们惊呆了。接着，那天下午晚些时候，强度几乎和第一次地震一样的又一次大地震在唐山爆发了。一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。更多的建筑倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难获得。人们开始疑惑，这场灾难还会持续多久。
不是所有的希望都破灭了。地震发生后不久，部队派了15万名战士到唐山协助救援工作。数十万的人得到了救助。部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。在唐山市以北的地区，1万名矿工中的大部分被从煤矿中救了出来。救援人员为那些家园被毁的幸存者建了避难所。火车、卡车和飞机给这座城市运来了淡水。慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。
阅读理解
A
The trouble started at 9：30 pm last New Year’s Eve, in Newmark. When the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire, a very old woman was sitting in a third floor window. The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house, and 26－year－old Marcus Reddick climbed 35 feet to the third floor.
The woman, 60 years old and very fat, was sitting with both feet out of the window. When Marcus reached the top of the ladder, the woman, afraid and nervous, put her two legs around him. Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large woman sitting on him. Marcus landed first—hitting a wall beside the front stairs—and broke the woman’s fall. She fell no more, but he fell another ten feet down the stairs. When the fire officer reached him, Marcus was unconscious．
Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse. Doctors talked of turning off the life－saving machine and asked if the family would like to give away his heart. The answer was “yes”．
On January 6, firefighters lifted Marcus’ coffin(棺材)—covered with an American flag—onto a yellow fire engine. Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession(行列) through Newmark streets. Children watched silently from school windows. The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl. His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位消防员在救人的过程中不幸牺牲的故事。
1．What happened last New Year’s Eve in Newmark?
A．An old woman was killed.
B．A fire engine was missing.
C．A firefighter was murdered.
D．A wooden house caught fire.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire和The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house可知，一座木制房屋着火了，故选D项。
2．After reaching the top of the ladder, Marcus________．
A．was very afraid and nervous
B．couldn’t see anything clearly
C．found it difficult to get down
D．was knocked off and got hurt
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的Marcus fell backwards off the ladder和第三段中的a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus从梯子上摔下来后受了重伤，故选D项。
3．The underlined word “unconscious” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．
A．homeless B．senseless
C．breathless D．helpless
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第三段中的Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus当时失去了意识，故选B项。
4．We can infer from the end of the text that Marcus’ family might feel ________．
A．sad but proud
B．shy but excited
C．angry and doubtful
D．worried and surprised
A 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl.His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.可推知，Marcus的家人对他的离世感到很伤心，不过对于将他的心脏捐赠给一个女孩这件事感到很自豪，故选A项。
B
A series of small earthquakes have shaken central Nebraska and become the talk of the area. According to the information on a website, there have been several quakes since the 9th this month in the heart of the state, centered on the town Arnold, which is about 225 miles west of the capital Lincoln. The first, a 3.3?magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday. The strongest quake was the first one that struck on the 10th, which reached a magnitude of 3.7. The earthquakes were found about three miles below the surface. There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE, a radio station.
“It is just kind of strange，” Becky Dailey, treasurer of the Arnold Chamber of Commerce, told that station, adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes. Actually small quakes like these are not unusual. Just two minutes before Nebraska’s most recent earthquake, a separate one shook a city in the Dominican Republic, reaching a magnitude of 2.5. A couple of hours later, a 2.7?magnitude earthquake hit an area near Aguanga, in Southern California’s Riverside County. There were two more that day in different areas of Puerto Rico: a 2.9?magnitude quake and a 3.1?magnitude quake. Those were all small, but stronger quakes regularly rock the world—just not so often.
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks. This sudden release of energy causes the waves that make the ground shake. Two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing(摩擦) against each other. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that is built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake happens.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在美国的内布拉斯加州一连发生了六次小地震，本文介绍了这些地震的相关情况。
5．What do we know about the quakes in Nebraska?
A．There were six quakes in all.
B．They all happened within 24 hours.
C．They were centered on the capital Lincoln.
D．The biggest one reached a magnitude of 4.0.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The first, a 3.3?magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday.”可知，一共爆发了六次小地震。
6．According to KWBE, the quakes in Nebraska most probably ________．
A．caused many buildings to fall
B．caused damage to the crops
C．were not felt by the locals
D．were not dangerous
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE”可知，这些小地震都不危险。
7．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．That no human got injured in the quakes.
B．That quakes happened there so frequently.
C．That an earthquake took place in the state.
D．That people kept talking about the quakes.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“...adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes.”可知，“It”指的是频繁发生地震的现象。这种现象在Becky Dailey看来是很奇怪的。
8．What does the author want to show by mentioning the quakes in Paragraph 2?
A．So many quakes happened on the 9th.
B．Small quakes can be easier to find now.
C．No big earthquakes happened these days.
D．Small quakes are actually very common.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段的“Actually small quakes like these are not unusual.”可知，后面提到那些小地震都是为了证明这一点。
完形填空
When I was little, my mom read me a bedtime story almost every night. However, one night, my mom found she had __1__ to read to me, so she __2__ a copy of Charlie Brown’s ’Cyclopedia. She started to read the questions and answers in the book. The book __3__ the knowledge from the human body to the space in a way even a 5?year?old child could __4__. From then on, I couldn’t __5__ to read the next volume(册)．
As I grew older, I read more __6__ of this kind. I read them not because they were as __7__ as stories, but because they offered much knowledge I had never __8__ before. In high school, I was interested in biology, physics and math __9__ politics or computer science. Most students liked travelling or playing outside after __10__. For myself, I was still immersed in(沉浸于) the __11__ of science. I was __12__ to have an excellent biology teacher through high school, who saw my __13__ in biology, and told me that good students like me ended up doing something called “research”. So I __14__ took biotechnology(生物技术) in college. I worked hard in a research lab, which __15__ me a lot in my career.
__16__ I graduated from college, I wanted to __17__ a famous research institute. Luckily, I was __18__. I am always thinking that if my mom had not read the science book to me that night, I could not have become a biologist. So never __19__ every little event! Maybe the event will change your __20__ in life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。在作者小时候，母亲有一次无意给他读了一本百科全书系列的书籍，这让他喜欢上了科普书籍。这次偶然的事件改变了作者的人生轨迹。
1．A.everything B．nothing
C．something D．anything
B 解析：根据下文的“...a copy of Charlie Brown’s’Cyclopedia. She started to read the questions and answers in the book.”可知，母亲发现“没有什么”可以读给作者听的。
2．A.talked about B．wrote about
C．picked up D．held up
C 解析：根据语境可知，于是母亲“挑选”了《查理·布朗的百科全书》这本书。
3．A.explained B．used
C．chose D．divided
A 解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以理解的方式“解释”了从人体到太空的知识。
4．A.prove B．understand
C．describe D．predict
B 解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以“理解”的方式解释了从人体到太空的知识。
5．A.expect B．afford
C．wait D．stop
C 解析：根据上下文内容可知，从那以后，作者“等”不及想要读下一册。
6．A.questions B．advertisements
C．stories D．books
D 解析：根据上文的“...in the book.”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者读了更多此类的“书”。
7．A.simple B．interesting
C．knowledgeable D．short
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者读这些书并不是因为它们和故事一样“有趣”。
8．A.known B．compared
C．translated D．taught
A 解析：根据语境可知，这些书里有作者以前从不“知道”的知识。
9．A.in addition to B．instead of
C．because of D．in line with
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者高中时对生物、物理和数学感兴趣，“而不是”对政治和计算机科学感兴趣。
10．A.lunch B．dinner
C．research D．school
D 解析：根据上文的“...travelling or playing outside...”可知，大多数学生喜欢“放学后”游览或在外面玩。
11．A.love B．view
C．moment D．memory
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者却仍然沉浸于对科学的“喜爱”中。
12．A.confused B．upset
C．afraid D．fortunate
D 解析：根据下文的“...have an excellent biology teacher through high school...”可知，作者很“幸运”高中时有一个非常好的生物老师。
13．A.challenge B．doubt
C．talent D．progress
C 解析：根据语境可知，老师看到了作者在生物方面的“天赋”。
14．A.mistakenly B．finally
C．actually D．wisely
B 解析：根据语境可知，所以“最终”作者大学时选择了生物技术专业。
15．A.helped B．impressed
C．puzzled D．touched
A 解析：根据“I worked hard in a research lab...”可知，这对作者的职业生涯“帮助”很大。
16．A.Although B．If
C．After D．Once
C 解析：根据下文的“...I graduated from college, I wanted to...”可知，大学毕业“后”，作者想要进一家著名的研究所。
17．A.build B．introduce
C．join D．attract
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者想要“加入”一家著名的研究所。
18．A.influenced B．invited
C．forgotten D．accepted
D 解析：根据Luckily可知，作者被“录取”了。
19．A.ignore B．attend
C．judge D．perform
A 解析：根据语境可知，所以不要“忽视”每一件小事！
20．A.state B．luck
C．feeling D．path
D 解析：根据上下文内容可知，也许这件小事会改变你的人生“道路”。
PAGE
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Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
阅读理解
A
The trouble started at 9：30 pm last New Year’s Eve, in Newmark. When the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire, a very old woman was sitting in a third floor window. The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house, and 26－year－old Marcus Reddick climbed 35 feet to the third floor.
The woman, 60 years old and very fat, was sitting with both feet out of the window. When Marcus reached the top of the ladder, the woman, afraid and nervous, put her two legs around him. Suddenly Marcus fell backwards off the ladder, with the large woman sitting on him. Marcus landed first—hitting a wall beside the front stairs—and broke the woman’s fall. She fell no more, but he fell another ten feet down the stairs. When the fire officer reached him, Marcus was unconscious．
Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead, and would only get worse. Doctors talked of turning off the life－saving machine and asked if the family would like to give away his heart. The answer was “yes”．
On January 6, firefighters lifted Marcus’ coffin(棺材)—covered with an American flag—onto a yellow fire engine. Hundreds of firefighters from all over the state joined the procession(行列) through Newmark streets. Children watched silently from school windows. The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl. His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位消防员在救人的过程中不幸牺牲的故事。
1．What happened last New Year’s Eve in Newmark?
A．An old woman was killed.
B．A fire engine was missing.
C．A firefighter was murdered.
D．A wooden house caught fire.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的the fire engines(消防车) arrived at the fire和The firefighters placed a ladder(梯子) against the wooden house可知，一座木制房屋着火了，故选D项。
2．After reaching the top of the ladder, Marcus________．
A．was very afraid and nervous
B．couldn’t see anything clearly
C．found it difficult to get down
D．was knocked off and got hurt
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的Marcus fell backwards off the ladder和第三段中的a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus从梯子上摔下来后受了重伤，故选D项。
3．The underlined word “unconscious” in Paragraph 2 means “________”．
A．homeless B．senseless
C．breathless D．helpless
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第三段中的Within an hour, a doctor told the men that Marcus was nearly brain dead可知，Marcus当时失去了意识，故选B项。
4．We can infer from the end of the text that Marcus’ family might feel ________．
A．sad but proud
B．shy but excited
C．angry and doubtful
D．worried and surprised
A 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的The day Marcus died, his heart was given away to a young girl.His family said that it was the second life Marcus had saved.可推知，Marcus的家人对他的离世感到很伤心，不过对于将他的心脏捐赠给一个女孩这件事感到很自豪，故选A项。
B
A series of small earthquakes have shaken central Nebraska and become the talk of the area. According to the information on a website, there have been several quakes since the 9th this month in the heart of the state, centered on the town Arnold, which is about 225 miles west of the capital Lincoln. The first, a 3.3?magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday. The strongest quake was the first one that struck on the 10th, which reached a magnitude of 3.7. The earthquakes were found about three miles below the surface. There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE, a radio station.
“It is just kind of strange，” Becky Dailey, treasurer of the Arnold Chamber of Commerce, told that station, adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes. Actually small quakes like these are not unusual. Just two minutes before Nebraska’s most recent earthquake, a separate one shook a city in the Dominican Republic, reaching a magnitude of 2.5. A couple of hours later, a 2.7?magnitude earthquake hit an area near Aguanga, in Southern California’s Riverside County. There were two more that day in different areas of Puerto Rico: a 2.9?magnitude quake and a 3.1?magnitude quake. Those were all small, but stronger quakes regularly rock the world—just not so often.
Earthquakes are usually caused when rock underground suddenly breaks. This sudden release of energy causes the waves that make the ground shake. Two blocks of rock or two plates are rubbing(摩擦) against each other. After a while, the rocks break because of all the pressure that is built up. When the rocks break, the earthquake happens.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。在美国的内布拉斯加州一连发生了六次小地震，本文介绍了这些地震的相关情况。
5．What do we know about the quakes in Nebraska?
A．There were six quakes in all.
B．They all happened within 24 hours.
C．They were centered on the capital Lincoln.
D．The biggest one reached a magnitude of 4.0.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The first, a 3.3?magnitude(震级) quake, happened early that morning, followed by three on the following day, another on Sunday, and then the most recent earthquake on Monday.”可知，一共爆发了六次小地震。
6．According to KWBE, the quakes in Nebraska most probably ________．
A．caused many buildings to fall
B．caused damage to the crops
C．were not felt by the locals
D．were not dangerous
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“There haven’t been any reports of human injury or damage of buildings caused by the quakes, according to KWBE”可知，这些小地震都不危险。
7．What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．That no human got injured in the quakes.
B．That quakes happened there so frequently.
C．That an earthquake took place in the state.
D．That people kept talking about the quakes.
B 解析：代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“...adding that people around town are running around and talking about the frequent quakes.”可知，“It”指的是频繁发生地震的现象。这种现象在Becky Dailey看来是很奇怪的。
8．What does the author want to show by mentioning the quakes in Paragraph 2?
A．So many quakes happened on the 9th.
B．Small quakes can be easier to find now.
C．No big earthquakes happened these days.
D．Small quakes are actually very common.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据第二段的“Actually small quakes like these are not unusual.”可知，后面提到那些小地震都是为了证明这一点。
完形填空
When I was little, my mom read me a bedtime story almost every night. However, one night, my mom found she had __1__ to read to me, so she __2__ a copy of Charlie Brown’s ’Cyclopedia. She started to read the questions and answers in the book. The book __3__ the knowledge from the human body to the space in a way even a 5?year?old child could __4__. From then on, I couldn’t __5__ to read the next volume(册)．
As I grew older, I read more __6__ of this kind. I read them not because they were as __7__ as stories, but because they offered much knowledge I had never __8__ before. In high school, I was interested in biology, physics and math __9__ politics or computer science. Most students liked travelling or playing outside after __10__. For myself, I was still immersed in(沉浸于) the __11__ of science. I was __12__ to have an excellent biology teacher through high school, who saw my __13__ in biology, and told me that good students like me ended up doing something called “research”. So I __14__ took biotechnology(生物技术) in college. I worked hard in a research lab, which __15__ me a lot in my career.
__16__ I graduated from college, I wanted to __17__ a famous research institute. Luckily, I was __18__. I am always thinking that if my mom had not read the science book to me that night, I could not have become a biologist. So never __19__ every little event! Maybe the event will change your __20__ in life.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。在作者小时候，母亲有一次无意给他读了一本百科全书系列的书籍，这让他喜欢上了科普书籍。这次偶然的事件改变了作者的人生轨迹。
1．A.everything B．nothing
C．something D．anything
B 解析：根据下文的“...a copy of Charlie Brown’s’Cyclopedia. She started to read the questions and answers in the book.”可知，母亲发现“没有什么”可以读给作者听的。
2．A.talked about B．wrote about
C．picked up D．held up
C 解析：根据语境可知，于是母亲“挑选”了《查理·布朗的百科全书》这本书。
3．A.explained B．used
C．chose D．divided
A 解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以理解的方式“解释”了从人体到太空的知识。
4．A.prove B．understand
C．describe D．predict
B 解析：根据语境可知，这本书用五岁孩子可以“理解”的方式解释了从人体到太空的知识。
5．A.expect B．afford
C．wait D．stop
C 解析：根据上下文内容可知，从那以后，作者“等”不及想要读下一册。
6．A.questions B．advertisements
C．stories D．books
D 解析：根据上文的“...in the book.”可知，随着年龄的增长，作者读了更多此类的“书”。
7．A.simple B．interesting
C．knowledgeable D．short
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者读这些书并不是因为它们和故事一样“有趣”。
8．A.known B．compared
C．translated D．taught
A 解析：根据语境可知，这些书里有作者以前从不“知道”的知识。
9．A.in addition to B．instead of
C．because of D．in line with
B 解析：根据语境可知，作者高中时对生物、物理和数学感兴趣，“而不是”对政治和计算机科学感兴趣。
10．A.lunch B．dinner
C．research D．school
D 解析：根据上文的“...travelling or playing outside...”可知，大多数学生喜欢“放学后”游览或在外面玩。
11．A.love B．view
C．moment D．memory
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者却仍然沉浸于对科学的“喜爱”中。
12．A.confused B．upset
C．afraid D．fortunate
D 解析：根据下文的“...have an excellent biology teacher through high school...”可知，作者很“幸运”高中时有一个非常好的生物老师。
13．A.challenge B．doubt
C．talent D．progress
C 解析：根据语境可知，老师看到了作者在生物方面的“天赋”。
14．A.mistakenly B．finally
C．actually D．wisely
B 解析：根据语境可知，所以“最终”作者大学时选择了生物技术专业。
15．A.helped B．impressed
C．puzzled D．touched
A 解析：根据“I worked hard in a research lab...”可知，这对作者的职业生涯“帮助”很大。
16．A.Although B．If
C．After D．Once
C 解析：根据下文的“...I graduated from college, I wanted to...”可知，大学毕业“后”，作者想要进一家著名的研究所。
17．A.build B．introduce
C．join D．attract
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者想要“加入”一家著名的研究所。
18．A.influenced B．invited
C．forgotten D．accepted
D 解析：根据Luckily可知，作者被“录取”了。
19．A.ignore B．attend
C．judge D．perform
A 解析：根据语境可知，所以不要“忽视”每一件小事！
20．A.state B．luck
C．feeling D．path
D 解析：根据上下文内容可知，也许这件小事会改变你的人生“道路”。
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
品句填词
1．Balloons make me nervous—I hate it when they burst．
2．I was shocked that he could be so careless that he lost the key.
3．He said working too hard was injuring his health.
4．The door was locked and they were trapped in the building.
5．(2019·陕西西安长安一中高一上期中)Because of the global warming, there are more and more natural disasters(灾难)．
6．No one was injured in the explosion, but the building was completely destroyed(破坏)．
7．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue(营救) team to look for them.
8．Many important events(事件) happening in our university are recorded in the book.
9．Although horses do not generally mind the cold, shelter from rain and wind is important.
10．We moved into a small room with electricity(电) but no running water.
单句改错
1．However, the extremely weather in Africa didn’t make them change their decision to help those in need there.extremely→extreme
2．As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.is→are
3．She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun.knows→knew
4．This is one of the worst natural disaster ever to hit the area.disaster→disasters
5．Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area in ruin.ruin→ruins
6．The number of unemployed people in Poland have grown by more than a quarter in the last month.have→has
课文语法填空
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. However, the one million people of the city, 1.who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
At 3：42 am everything began to shake and a 2.powerful(power) earthquake happened. It lasted fifteen seconds, 3.causing(cause) great damage to everything. The whole city lay in 4.ruins(ruin). The suffering of the people was extreme. The number of people who were killed or 5.seriously(serious) injured reached over 400，000. Everywhere they looked nearly everything 6.was destroyed(destroy). Hospitals, 7.factories(factory) and buildings were damaged. Animals were affected. Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan, which caused further damage.
However, all hope was not lost. The army organized teams 8.to dig(dig) out those who were trapped and to bury 9.the dead. Shelters were built for survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city 10.by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
单句语法填空
1．Sometimes pain and suffering(suffer) come into our lives because of our own wrong decisions.
2．Following a schedule and doing things on time is extremely(extreme) important in today’s busy world.
3．Luckily, the injured(injure) driver and passengers were sent to hospital at once.
4．It’s reported that more than 3, 000 houses were destroyed(destroy) by the terrible earthquake yesterday.
5．The public were all shocked when they heard the shocking news that the plane had lost contact on its way to Beijing.(shock)
6．We should protect ourselves in case of earthquakes, rainstorms, and other natural disasters(disaster)．
7．Henry is the one who likes burying(bury) his head in books and rarely pays attention to the outside world.
8．As a reporter(report) of the school newspaper, I interviewed Professor Wang about how to learn English well.
9．Lily had to call a taxi because the box was too heavy to carry all the way home.
10．When she heard about the news that her father had died, she burst out crying(cry)．
阅读理解
A
Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man’s new best friends.
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives：the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course)．
【解题导语】 人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。
1．In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become man’s best friends because they can ______．
A．take the place of man’s rescue jobs
B．find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings
C．serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings
D．get into small spaces
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。
2．From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person who is alive by ________．
A．the noise made by the rat
B．the rat’s unusual behaviour
C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat’s back
D．the smell given off by the person
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal(信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.”可知答案为C项。
3．In doing rescue jobs, ________．
A．rats smell better than dogs
B．dogs don’t need to be trained to smell people
C．robots’ sense of smell can be affected by other smells around
D．rats can see in the dark and are smaller than robots
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.”可知，机器人的嗅觉会受到周围其他气味的影响。
4．Rats have all the following advantages EXCEPT that ________．
A．they are more fantastic than other animals
B．they are less expensive to train than dogs
C．they don’t need electricity
D．they are small and can get into small places
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段和倒数第二段内容可知B、C和D项说法正确。A项文章没有提及，故选A。
B
While you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night. With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality.
Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly(不规律地)．
Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy. If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you are tired.
Pay attention to what you eat and drink. Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Avoid caffeine(咖啡因) 6 hours before you sleep. Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep. Coffee isn’t the only product containing caffeine. Avoid chocolate and tea, too. Also limit(限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night.
Many people turn on the TV before they go to bed. TV influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are watching something exciting. Instead of turning on the TV, read a book. Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly.
If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doctor. Your doctor will help treat the problem or may advise you to see a sleep specialist.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。如果你想过健康幸福的生活，睡个好觉是必不可少的。相比睡眠时间长短，睡眠质量有时更为重要。
5．What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?
A．Get up a bit later than usual.
B．Go to bed at a regular time.
C．Watch some relaxing TV programs.
D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off.”可知，作者建议睡眠要有规律，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床的人休息得会更好，即便是周末也应该这样。
6．What does the author advise you to do if you can’t fall asleep after lying in bed for 15 minutes?
A．To drink some water.
B．To do some light reading.
C．To listen to light music.
D．To get up and relax.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing.”可知，作者认为，如果你在床上15分钟内睡不着，干脆起床做些放松的事，等自己累了再回到床上睡觉。
7．What does the underlined word “stuffed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Having slept too much.
B．Having eaten too much.
C．Feeling too sad.
D．Feeling too tired.
B 解析：词义猜测题。第四段主题句是“Pay attention to what you eat and drink.”，后面分别讲述睡觉前该如何吃、喝。“Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up.”这两句是讲睡觉前该怎样吃：睡觉时既不要饿着，也不要吃得太饱。饿着或者吃得太饱时身体会不舒服，这会让你睡不着。由此可知，画线单词stuffed的意思是“吃饱的”。
8．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．What to do before going to bed.
B．The importance of sleeping well.
C．How to improve your sleep quality.
D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle.
C 解析：主旨大意题。本文就如何改善睡眠质量提供了一些方法。
七选五
First rains of the season always make everybody happy. However, as it begins to rain often, you will possibly feel bored. 1.________ Well, you can do many fun things, which will make the day a truly enjoyable one.
2．________ Take a little time out for yourself. Then take a long walk and watch everything. You can walk in your neighborhood or even take the subway and discover new places in the town. If you like taking pictures, take your camera along with you to catch beautiful moments.
Host a rain dance party! 3.________ It can also be in your backyard. Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even to avoid accidents. Place the stereo(立体声音响) under the roof in case it gets wet. Call your friends and enjoy the party!
Watch and listen to nature. For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area. 4.________ If you can’t go outside your house, sit in the balcony(阳台) with a cup of tea and listen to the sound of water falling on different objects.
There are many things to do on a rainy day. But make sure you take a rain jacket or an umbrella while going out in the rains. 5.________ When it comes to preventing you catching a cold in the rains, you can eat a lot of vitamin C, and take a bath once you come back home.
A．Take a walk by yourself.
B．You can stop to buy an ice cream.
C．So how can you have fun on such a rainy day?
D．You can sit on the top of a hill and enjoy the view.
E．You won’t get completely wet and then catch a cold.
F．Have some coffee outside and enjoy the conversation.
G．The dance floor can be near your home’s swimming pool.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何开心地度过雨季。
1．C 解析：该空前说下雨天你会觉得很烦恼，所以如何开心地度过雨天呢？其实你可以做许多开心的事，由此可知C项正确。
2．A 解析：该空为该段的主题句，根据该空后的“Take a little time out for yourself.”以及下文多次提到的walk可知，选项A正确。
3．G 解析：根据空后“It can also be in your backyard. Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even”可知，It指代的是the dance floor，G项中提到“The dance floor”，所以应选G项。
4．D 解析：根据该段的主题句“Watch and listen to nature.”和空前的“For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area.”可知，D项正确。虽然B项也是以You can开头，但是与本段的主题句“赏雨和听雨”不一致。
5．E 解析：外出的时候记得要带雨衣或雨伞，否则会因淋湿而感冒，由此可知E项符合语境。
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Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
right away 立刻；马上
(经典例句)You don’t look well. You’d better go and see a doctor right away.
你脸色不好，最好赶紧去看看医生吧。
立刻，马上
He is injured badly in the accident, and you should call in the doctor right away.
他在事故中受伤严重，你应该立即请医生来。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①他没马上回答我的问题，这使我很伤心。
He didn’t answer my question right away, which made me very upset.
②如果你能立即给我回信我将感激不尽。
I’d be very grateful if you can reply to me right now/at once/immediately/in no time．
burst vi.爆裂；爆发 n．突然破裂；爆发
(教材P26)In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.
在市内，有些建筑物里的水管出现裂缝并爆裂开来。
(1) 突然哭起来/笑起来
burst with anger/joy 勃然大怒/心花怒放
(2)burst in/into 闯进；突然破门而入
①On hearing the news, Mary burst into laughter while Lucy burst out crying.
一听到这则消息，玛丽突然大笑起来，而露西则突然大哭起来。
②When we were chatting in the room, he burst in.
当我们正在房间里谈话时他闯进来了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①He burst in without knocking at the door, which made me very angry.
②He burst into the room without knocking at the door，which made me very angry.
[链接写作]——完成句子/句式升级
听到唯一的儿子在地震中丧生的坏消息，这对夫妇突然哭起来。
③(普通表达)When they heard the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears．
④(高级表达)Hearing the bad news that their only son died in the earthquake, the couple burst out crying．(现在分词短语作状语)
短语burst in中的in是副词，后面不接宾语；而burst into中的into是介词，后面应接宾语。
at an end 结束；终结
(经典例句)I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end. 我必须警告你我快没有耐心了。
at the end of 在……末端
by the end of 到……为止(用于完成时)
in the end 最后；终于
come to an end 结束
①The meeting was nearly at an end when I got to the meeting room.
当我到达会议室时，会议快要结束了。
②The meeting came to an end and he set down a number of key words. 会议结束了， 他记下许多要点。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①When the journey was at an end, everybody felt tired and hungry.
②By the end of last year, he had learned(learn) two thousand English words.
③In the end, they reached a place of safety.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)The speech contest finished. Thankfully, I won the first prize and my hard work paid off finally.
(高级表达)The speech contest was at an end. Thankfully, I won the first prize and my hard work paid off in the end．
ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
(教材P26)In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就成了废墟。
(1)be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruins 成为废墟；破败不堪
(2)ruin one’s hope/chance 使某人的希望破灭/机会丢失
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
①The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake，which made us awake all night.
地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，让我们彻夜未眠。
②A large number of buildings fell into ruins after the earthquake.
地震后，许多建筑都被毁了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Heavy smoking ruins(ruin) your health, so you should give up smoking.
②It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.
③Ever since the earthquake, this temple has been in ruins(ruin)．
[链接写作]——完成句子
④依我看来， 他固执的性格和在工作中的缺点会毁掉他的前途的。
In my opinion, his stubborn character and shortcomings in his work will ruin his future．
injure vt.损害；伤害
(教材P26)Two?thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake.
三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。
(1)injure one’s pride 伤了某人的自尊
(2)injured adj. 受伤的，受委屈的
the injured 伤员
(3)injury n. 伤，伤口；伤害
do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
①Believe it or not, what you said just now injured his pride. 信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了他的自尊心。
②He was injured when he was cycling along the valley.
沿着山谷骑自行车时，他受伤了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She injured(injure) herself while skating, which made her parents very worried.
②The injured( injure) were sent to hospital right away.
③He suffered injuries(injure) to his legs and arms when he fell off the tree.
shock vt.& vi.(使)震惊；震动
n．休克；打击；震惊
(经典例句)The news shocked the public, leading to great concern about students’ safety at school.
这个消息使公众震惊，从而引发了公众对在校学生安全的极大关注。
(1)be a shock to... 使……吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
be shocked that... 对……很震惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
①His situation was a great shock to us all.
他的处境使我们大家都大为震惊。
②We are shocked that so many people were injured or died in the earthquake.
我们感到震惊的是，如此多的人在地震中伤亡。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We were shocked at the shocking news that he died suddenly yesterday.(shock)
②I’m shocked(shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter.
③Her falling in love with the poor young man was a shock to us.
④I was shocked to hear(hear) that our factory would have to close.
rescue n．& vt. 援救；营救
(教材P26)Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
一些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。
come to/go to sb.’s rescue＝rescue sb. 援救某人
rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来
When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.
当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①At midnight we finally rescued(rescue) the tourists who were trapped in the valley.
②The firefighters rescued five children from the burning house yesterday.
③A large number of soldiers were sent there to rescue(rescue) those trapped in the building.
trap vt.使陷入困境 n．陷阱；困境
(经典例句)When travelling they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
(1)be trapped in 困在……中；陷在……中
trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱使某人做某事
(2)fall into a trap 落入圈套
①Unfortunately, they were trapped in the burning building.
不幸的是，他们被困在了失火的大楼中。
②By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth.
他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①There was a power failure; they were trapped(trap) in the lift.
②Trapped(trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude.
bury vt.埋藏；掩埋；隐藏
(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。
(1)bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury one’s face in hands 双手掩面
(2) 埋头于；专心于，沉浸于
①She buried her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
②Ever since he moved there, he has been buried in his research work.
自从搬到那里以后，他一直专注于研究工作。
[链接写作]——一句多译
他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
①Buried(bury) in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.
②Burying(bury) himself in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.
③Because he was buried(bury) in his study, he didn’t know that all the others had left.
a (great) number of 许多；大量的
(教材P27)Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 造成如此多的人员死亡的原因是地震发生时人们正在睡觉。
a number of 很多；许多 在number之前可加large, small, great等表示程度的词。a number of只修饰可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用复数形式
the number of ……的数目 后接可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式
①A great number of new factories have been set up in my hometown.
我的家乡建立了许多新工厂。
②The number of graduates in our university this year is 2，000. 我们大学今年毕业生的人数是2 000。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①A great number of soldiers were sent(send) to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.
②As you can see, the number of cars on our roads keeps(keep) rising these days.
as if＝as though 意为“仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句
(教材P26)It seemed as if the world was at an end!
仿佛到了世界末日！
(1)as if从句用陈述语气：从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的
(2)as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时(与现在的事实相反)
②从句用过去完成时(与过去的事实相反)
③从句用would/could/might do形式(与将来的事实相反)
①Look at the clouds in the sky! It looks as if it is going to rain. Let’s hurry up.
看看天上的乌云！看起来要下雨，咱们快一点。
②He talks to them as if they were children.
他同他们说话，就当他们是孩子一样。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were(be) their own mother.
②He talks about Rome as if he had been(be) there before.
③He opened his mouth as if he would say(say) something.
all...not/not...all 意为“并非所有的……都……”，表示部分否定
(教材P26)All hope was not lost.
不是所有的希望都破灭了。
(1)该句为不完全否定，即部分否定。all...not/not...all等表示部分否定，其意思是“并非所有的……都……”。
(2)all, both, each, every, everyone, everybody, everything, always, whole, entirely等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用，构成部分否定。
①Every boy is not interested in sports.
＝Not every boy is interested in sports.
并非所有的男孩都喜欢运动。
②As far as I know, not both of them smoke.
＝As far as I know, both of them don’t smoke.
据我所知，他们俩不都抽烟。
当表示完全否定意义时，英语中常用no, none, nobody, nothing, no one, neither等词与谓语动词的肯定式连用来表达。
③None of us was allowed to go there.
我们全都不被允许去那里。
[链接写作]——一句多译
我们并非所有人都喜欢骑自行车上班。
①Not all of us are fond of cycling to work.
②All of us are not fond of cycling to work.
品句填词
1．Balloons make me nervous—I hate it when they burst．
2．I was shocked that he could be so careless that he lost the key.
3．He said working too hard was injuring his health.
4．The door was locked and they were trapped in the building.
5．(2019·陕西西安长安一中高一上期中)Because of the global warming, there are more and more natural disasters(灾难)．
6．No one was injured in the explosion, but the building was completely destroyed(破坏)．
7．After learning that the boys had been lost for almost 20 hours, the police sent out a rescue(营救) team to look for them.
8．Many important events(事件) happening in our university are recorded in the book.
9．Although horses do not generally mind the cold, shelter from rain and wind is important.
10．We moved into a small room with electricity(电) but no running water.
单句改错
1．However, the extremely weather in Africa didn’t make them change their decision to help those in need there.extremely→extreme
2．As China develops fast and steady, a number of foreigners is learning Chinese as a second language.is→are
3．She is always talking as though she knows everything under the sun.knows→knew
4．This is one of the worst natural disaster ever to hit the area.disaster→disasters
5．Two days later, the fighting between the two countries left the area in ruin.ruin→ruins
6．The number of unemployed people in Poland have grown by more than a quarter in the last month.have→has
课文语法填空
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. However, the one million people of the city, 1.who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
At 3：42 am everything began to shake and a 2.powerful(power) earthquake happened. It lasted fifteen seconds, 3.causing(cause) great damage to everything. The whole city lay in 4.ruins(ruin). The suffering of the people was extreme. The number of people who were killed or 5.seriously(serious) injured reached over 400，000. Everywhere they looked nearly everything 6.was destroyed(destroy). Hospitals, 7.factories(factory) and buildings were damaged. Animals were affected. Later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan, which caused further damage.
However, all hope was not lost. The army organized teams 8.to dig(dig) out those who were trapped and to bury 9.the dead. Shelters were built for survivors. Fresh water was taken to the city 10.by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
单句语法填空
1．Sometimes pain and suffering(suffer) come into our lives because of our own wrong decisions.
2．Following a schedule and doing things on time is extremely(extreme) important in today’s busy world.
3．Luckily, the injured(injure) driver and passengers were sent to hospital at once.
4．It’s reported that more than 3, 000 houses were destroyed(destroy) by the terrible earthquake yesterday.
5．The public were all shocked when they heard the shocking news that the plane had lost contact on its way to Beijing.(shock)
6．We should protect ourselves in case of earthquakes, rainstorms, and other natural disasters(disaster)．
7．Henry is the one who likes burying(bury) his head in books and rarely pays attention to the outside world.
8．As a reporter(report) of the school newspaper, I interviewed Professor Wang about how to learn English well.
9．Lily had to call a taxi because the box was too heavy to carry all the way home.
10．When she heard about the news that her father had died, she burst out crying(cry)．
阅读理解
A
Everybody hates rats. But in the earthquake capitals of the world—Japan, Los Angeles, Turkey—rats will soon be man’s new best friends.
What happens after an earthquake? We send in rescue dogs. Why? Because they can smell people. Dogs save lives. They help rescuers to find living people. But dogs are big and they can’t get into small spaces. So now a new research project is using a smaller animal to save lives：the rat.
How does it work? First, the rat is trained to smell people. When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal (信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals. When the rat’s brain activity jumps, the rescuers know that someone is alive. The rat has smelled that person.
Although there are already robots which can do this job, rats are better. Christian Linster at Cornell University, New York, says, “Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.” Rats can also see in the dark. They are cheaper and quicker to train than dogs, and unlike robots, they don’t need electricity!
The “rat project” is not finished, but Julie Ryan of International Rescue Corps in Scotland says, “It would be fantastic. A rat could get into spaces we couldn’t get to, and a rat would get out if it wasn’t safe.” Perhaps for the first time in history, people will be happy to see a rat in a building (but only after an earthquake, of course)．
【解题导语】 人人痛恨的老鼠不久将在地震后的救援中成为人们的好朋友。
1．In the world earthquake capitals, rats will become man’s best friends because they can ______．
A．take the place of man’s rescue jobs
B．find the position of people alive who are trapped in buildings
C．serve as food for people alive who are trapped in buildings
D．get into small spaces
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容可知，人们利用老鼠来搜寻地震中的被困人员，因此答案为B项。
2．From the third paragraph we know the rescuers can judge a person who is alive by ________．
A．the noise made by the rat
B．the rat’s unusual behaviour
C．the signal sent by the radio on the rat’s back
D．the smell given off by the person
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When this happens, the rat’s brain gives a signal(信号). This is sent to a small radio on its back, and then the rescuers follow the radio signals.”可知答案为C项。
3．In doing rescue jobs, ________．
A．rats smell better than dogs
B．dogs don’t need to be trained to smell people
C．robots’ sense of smell can be affected by other smells around
D．rats can see in the dark and are smaller than robots
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“Robots’ noses don’t work well when there are other smells around. Rats are good at that.”可知，机器人的嗅觉会受到周围其他气味的影响。
4．Rats have all the following advantages EXCEPT that ________．
A．they are more fantastic than other animals
B．they are less expensive to train than dogs
C．they don’t need electricity
D．they are small and can get into small places
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段和倒数第二段内容可知B、C和D项说法正确。A项文章没有提及，故选A。
B
While you might not realize it, the environment where you sleep can make a great difference in the actual quality of sleep that you get every night. With a few simple lifestyle changes, you can create a healthy sleep environment that helps improve your sleep quality.
Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off. Studies show that people who do so are more rested than those who sleep irregularly(不规律地)．
Go to sleep only when you start to feel sleepy. If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing. Go back to bed when you are tired.
Pay attention to what you eat and drink. Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up. Avoid caffeine(咖啡因) 6 hours before you sleep. Having a cup of coffee within a few hours of bed time can keep you awake for hours when you are trying to sleep. Coffee isn’t the only product containing caffeine. Avoid chocolate and tea, too. Also limit(限制) how much you drink before bed to prevent trips to the toilet at night.
Many people turn on the TV before they go to bed. TV influences your natural sleep habits by making you stay up longer than you usually would, especially if you are watching something exciting. Instead of turning on the TV, read a book. Light reading before bed can help you fall into a deep sleep quickly.
If you suffer from serious sleep problems, go to your doctor. Your doctor will help treat the problem or may advise you to see a sleep specialist.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。如果你想过健康幸福的生活，睡个好觉是必不可少的。相比睡眠时间长短，睡眠质量有时更为重要。
5．What should you do to make sure you have a good sleep at weekends according to the text?
A．Get up a bit later than usual.
B．Go to bed at a regular time.
C．Watch some relaxing TV programs.
D．Avoid drinking coffee or tea in the day.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Go to bed and get up at the same time every day, even on weekends, holidays and days off.”可知，作者建议睡眠要有规律，每天在同一时间睡觉和起床的人休息得会更好，即便是周末也应该这样。
6．What does the author advise you to do if you can’t fall asleep after lying in bed for 15 minutes?
A．To drink some water.
B．To do some light reading.
C．To listen to light music.
D．To get up and relax.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If you don’t fall asleep within about 15 minutes, get up and do something relaxing.”可知，作者认为，如果你在床上15分钟内睡不着，干脆起床做些放松的事，等自己累了再回到床上睡觉。
7．What does the underlined word “stuffed” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Having slept too much.
B．Having eaten too much.
C．Feeling too sad.
D．Feeling too tired.
B 解析：词义猜测题。第四段主题句是“Pay attention to what you eat and drink.”，后面分别讲述睡觉前该如何吃、喝。“Don’t go to bed either hungry or stuffed. Your discomfort might keep you up.”这两句是讲睡觉前该怎样吃：睡觉时既不要饿着，也不要吃得太饱。饿着或者吃得太饱时身体会不舒服，这会让你睡不着。由此可知，画线单词stuffed的意思是“吃饱的”。
8．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．What to do before going to bed.
B．The importance of sleeping well.
C．How to improve your sleep quality.
D．The relationship between sleep and lifestyle.
C 解析：主旨大意题。本文就如何改善睡眠质量提供了一些方法。
七选五
First rains of the season always make everybody happy. However, as it begins to rain often, you will possibly feel bored. 1.________ Well, you can do many fun things, which will make the day a truly enjoyable one.
2．________ Take a little time out for yourself. Then take a long walk and watch everything. You can walk in your neighborhood or even take the subway and discover new places in the town. If you like taking pictures, take your camera along with you to catch beautiful moments.
Host a rain dance party! 3.________ It can also be in your backyard. Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even to avoid accidents. Place the stereo(立体声音响) under the roof in case it gets wet. Call your friends and enjoy the party!
Watch and listen to nature. For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area. 4.________ If you can’t go outside your house, sit in the balcony(阳台) with a cup of tea and listen to the sound of water falling on different objects.
There are many things to do on a rainy day. But make sure you take a rain jacket or an umbrella while going out in the rains. 5.________ When it comes to preventing you catching a cold in the rains, you can eat a lot of vitamin C, and take a bath once you come back home.
A．Take a walk by yourself.
B．You can stop to buy an ice cream.
C．So how can you have fun on such a rainy day?
D．You can sit on the top of a hill and enjoy the view.
E．You won’t get completely wet and then catch a cold.
F．Have some coffee outside and enjoy the conversation.
G．The dance floor can be near your home’s swimming pool.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何开心地度过雨季。
1．C 解析：该空前说下雨天你会觉得很烦恼，所以如何开心地度过雨天呢？其实你可以做许多开心的事，由此可知C项正确。
2．A 解析：该空为该段的主题句，根据该空后的“Take a little time out for yourself.”以及下文多次提到的walk可知，选项A正确。
3．G 解析：根据空后“It can also be in your backyard. Make sure that the dance floor is hard and even”可知，It指代的是the dance floor，G项中提到“The dance floor”，所以应选G项。
4．D 解析：根据该段的主题句“Watch and listen to nature.”和空前的“For example, you can take your bike and ride in a green hilly area.”可知，D项正确。虽然B项也是以You can开头，但是与本段的主题句“赏雨和听雨”不一致。
5．E 解析：外出的时候记得要带雨衣或雨伞，否则会因淋湿而感冒，由此可知E项符合语境。
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Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
品句填词
1．Mary’s friends came to her house to offer their congratulations on her son’s going to Beijing University.
2．In some Chinese cities, walkers and cyclists wear masks to protect themselves against heavy smog.
3．I sincerely hope that you can realize your dream of having your own coffee house in the city.
4．He can express(表达) himself in fluent English now after four years’ learning.
5．The children’s shouts frightened(使惊吓) the birds and they flew away.
6．As we all know, a good reporter(记者) should have a good nose for news.
7．He opened the newspaper, and his attention was drawn by an article with an interesting headline(大字标题)．
8．Once the damage(破坏) is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
9．A man should be judged(断定) by his deeds, not by his appearance.
10．After the electricity(电) was cut off, the lights went out.
选词填空
put up; judging by; right away; in ruins; dig out; as if; at an end;be trapped in; rescue...from; think little of
1．Five passengers including a kid were rescued from the burning car and sent to the hospital immediately.
2．On hearing the good news, my sister phoned her friend right away．
3．My respect for him was at an end when I saw him doing damage to a shared bike.
4．The city which was known for its wonderful views lay in ruins after the terrible rainstorm.
5．To their great joy, some gold coins that seemed very expensive were dug out from the ground.
6．Peter thought little of the advice given by his teacher and failed the exam as a result.
7．A stranger smiled to me as if he had known me and smiled again when he found he got the wrong person.
8．I heard that three workers were trapped in the engine room by the big fire.
9．After they put up several tents on the farm, the soldiers began to cook a meal.
10．Judging by his accent, he may be from my hometown.
完成句子
1．因海伦照顾他生病的母亲，史密斯先生向她表达了谢意。
Mr. Smith expressed his thanks to Helen for her looking after his sick mother.
2．正如我们所知，他是世界上赢得这一比赛的最年轻的选手。
As we know,he is the youngest winner of the competition in the world.
3．十多个孩子读了这本书，他们所有人都对它评价很高。
The book has been read by more than ten children, all of whom think highly of it.
4．当那辆车差点要撞上伯顿先生的时候，他吓得一动也不敢动。
Mr. Burton was too frightened to move when the car nearly hit him.
5．当沙尘暴袭击我们的小镇时，就像世界走到了尽头。
When the sandstorm hit our town, it seemed as if the world was at an end.
6．灾难过后，并不是所有的人都失去了信心。
After the disaster, not all the people lost heart.
单句语法填空
1．It will take at least five months to repair the ship that was seriously damaged(damage) by the storm.
2．Judging(judge) from what everyone says about him, I would say he has a good chance of winning.
3．Her facial expression(express) told me she was rather concerned about whether she had the chance to join in our discussion.
4．She felt greatly honoured(honour) to have been invited to give a lecture at the meeting.
5．He drove back and sent me his congratulations(congratulate) on winning the award last night.
6．When he heard the frightening news, a frightened look came into his face.(frighten)
7．Two months later our food supplies gave out．
8．The young mother, who thought little of her own life, tried her best to protect her baby from being hurt.
9．He was doing his homework when the door bell rang.
10．Mr. Wilson didn’t believe that two thirds of his children’s spare time was(be) wasted in playing computer games.
阅读理解
Wanda Butts dropped the phone and screamed when she heard the news that her son was dead.
Josh had drowned(溺亡) while sailing on a lake with his friends. The 16?year?old didn’t know how to swim, and he wasn’t wearing a life jacket.
Josh was not alone in the black community. According to USA Swimming, 70% of African?American children cannot swim. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African?American children between the ages of 5 and 14 are three times more likely to drown than white children in the same age range(范围)．
In 2007, Butts started the Josh Project, a non?profit organization(非营利组织) that provides low?cost swimming lessons for children in Toledo, Ohio. The swimming lessons take place at a local high school over four Saturdays for a total cost of $10.
To date, the Josh Project has helped more than 1，000 children learn how to swim.
“The public pools near our home were closed, and other places were not affordable，” said Lisa Haynes, whose 14?year?old son, Joshua, is one of 60?plus students in the Josh Project this summer.
“I am less worried if Joshua is near water because he has the basics of how to swim，” Haynes said. “And we’re thankful for that.”
Butts is doing much more, however, than just providing swimming lessons.
“She ups the awareness(意识)，” said Shaun Anderson, a swimming coach who was so inspired by her story that he created a Josh Project swimming program at Norfolk State University. “Once these communities learn how to swim, they will pass it down, which results in future generations (代) knowing how to swim.”
Butts said she has two wishes for the future: One is to change the drowning numbers of African?American children, and the other is to have a swimming center where the children can swim daily instead of just once a week.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的Wanda Butts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。
1．What led to Josh’s drowning?
A．He was poor in boating skills.
B．He gave his life jacket to a friend.
C．He was never taught swimming skills.
D．He was careless when swimming in the lake.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知，因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣，Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。
2．Why did the author list the numbers in Paragraph 3?
A．To show children under 14 are more likely to drown.
B．To argue children should learn swimming at a very young age.
C．To show many African?American children lack swimming skills.
D．To introduce the difference between African?American and white children.
C 解析：推理判断题。第三段主旨句为第一句，即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见。接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法，70%的非裔美国儿童不会游泳，且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中，非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。因此，这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。
3．What can we learn about the Josh Project?
A．It has its own swimming pools.
B．It provides lessons only in summer.
C．It serves children aged from 5 to 14.
D．Its swimming lessons take place once a week.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“The swimming lessons... four Saturdays”以及最后一段中的“where the children...just once a week”可知，该组织每周六开设游泳课程，即一周一次。
4．What did Lisa Haynes think of the swimming lessons the Josh Project provides?
A．Expensive. B．Helpful.
C．Interesting. D．Difficult.
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知，她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本的游泳技能，她对此很感激。因此可推断，Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。
七选五
Swim Safely!
Swimming is great exercise, and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends in summer. 1.________， so it’s important to stay safe as you do it. Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
·2.________. Don’t swim unless there is a lifeguard at work. If you’re on a beach near the ocean, this is especially important. In some places fast?flowing water can move swimmers away without warning. So if a sign says “no swimming”， pay attention to it.
·Be careful when diving(跳入) into the water headfirst. 3.________. In natural water, don’t dive unless you know that the water is deep enough. Or you could hurt your head on the bottom, causing injury or death.
·Around water, adults(成年人) should watch children at all times to make sure they are safe. Those who don’t know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, so an adult should always be present. If you have to rescue a child from drowning(淹死), a few seconds can make a big difference.
·Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim. 4.________， that person can make sure you get help.
·5.________. The sun’s heat and the physical activity may make you sweat(出汗) more than you realize.
By following these simple rules, you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun. Now get out there, and enjoy the water!
A．Drink a lot of water
B．That way if something goes wrong
C．But swimming can also be dangerous
D．Swim only in areas set apart for swimming
E．Make sure everyone in your family learns to swim well
F．Most pools have marked deep ends where diving is safe
G．Many children who drown in home pools were out of sight for less than five minutes
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几条安全游泳的规则。
1．C 解析：由该空后的“it’s important to stay safe as you do it”以及下文提及的几条安全游泳规则可知，此处是说游泳具有危险性，因此游泳时的安全措施格外重要。故选C项。
2．D 解析：由本段中的“unless there is a lifeguard at work”和“on a beach near the ocean”以及“In some places”可知，由于有不可控因素的发生，因此建议只在特定规划的区域才可以下水游泳。
3．F 解析：F项中的“deep ends where diving is safe”与该空后的“the water is deep enough”以及本段的建议“Be careful when diving(跳入) into the water headfirst.”相呼应。
4．B 解析：由该空前的“Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim.”和该空后的“that person can make sure you get help”可知，如果有意外发生，有同行友人在，你可以得到及时救援。故选B项。
5．A 解析：A项“Drink a lot of water”与“you sweat(出汗) more than you realize”相呼应。
完形填空
When my life was quickly falling out of my hands, I felt helpless. I needed to find a way out.
It all began when I moved away from Pennsylvania and could’t __1__ it was something my parents had to do. I was angry with them, which didn’t __2__ most of the time. So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school __3__ I thought I had better things to do. I had poor __4__ as time passed. I __5__ to drop out of school.
Seeing what I was doing, my friends __6__. We went on a trip, not __7__ losing our education or love from our parents. We thought it __8__ to be on our own until we ran out of money for our __9__．
Then, I got a full?time job, which didn’t last long. I couldn’t __10__ being told what I had to do with my work. I rebelled(反抗) and got __11__. Once again, I didn’t __12__. Then, I began to get in trouble and was __13__ many times by the police. __14__， I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白) my __15__．
Weeks went by while I stayed home. I wanted my life back to normal.
I decided to devote myself to my __16__ and I also got a part?time job. I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be __17__ in a day. It took me a while to live a normal high school life. I was __18__ of doing it on my own. I turned myself around because I knew I had a __19__ lifestyle. I needed time to __20__ myself. Here I am now, a senior, waiting for graduation.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中学时曾经学坏的作者痛定思痛，决定痛改前非，回到正常的人生轨道上来。
1．A.realize B．imagine
C．understand D．judge
C 解析：根据下文“I was angry with them”可知，作者对父母为什么要搬家这件事一直不理解。
2．A.last B．stop
C．improve D．help
D 解析：由下文“So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school”可知，对父母生气也于事无补。
3．A.if B．so
C．unless D．because
D 解析：空格前后内容之间存在因果关系。
4．A.grades B．memories
C．health D．taste
A 解析：根据上文“planning on not going to school”及下文“to drop out of school”可知，由于经常逃学，作者成绩不好。
5．A.feared B．decided
C．hated D．begged
B 解析：由上文“planning on not going to school”以及下文“We went on a trip”可知，作者决定辍学。
6．A.left B．shocked
C．followed D．appeared
C 解析：从下文“We went on a trip”可知，看到作者辍学了，朋友也加入了辍学的行列。
7．A.caring about B．talking about
C．believing in D．feeling like
A 解析：根据下文“We thought it ______ to be on our own”可知，作者和朋友不再关心学业和父母的担心，跑去旅游了。
8．A.difficult B．necessary
C．lucky D．great
D 解析：根据下文“until we ran out of money”可知，直到钱花光之前作者一直觉得这种独立的感觉还不错。
9．A.experiences B．matches
C．researches D．trips
D 解析：由上文“We went on a trip”可知，作者和朋友在旅途中把钱都花光了。
10．A.stand B．avoid
C．escape D．risk
A 解析：根据下文“I rebelled(反抗)”可知，作者忍受不了工作中有人告诉他应该做什么。
11．A.caught B．fired
C．injured D．changed
B 解析：根据上文“I got a full?time job, which didn’t last long”可知，作者被解雇了。
12．A.mind B．know
C．accept D．win
A 解析：从下文“Then, I began to get in trouble”可知，作者对被解雇这件事不在意，就像不在意辍学一样。
13．A.attacked B．encouraged
C．protected D．warned
D 解析：根据下文“many times by the police”及“I went home”可知，作者被警察警告过很多次。
14．A.Hopefully B．Finally
C．Luckily D．Suddenly
B 解析：由下文“I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白)”可知，被警察多次警告过后，作者最终回家。
15．A.choices B．ways
C．problems D．answers
C 解析：根据下文“I wanted my life back to normal.”可知，作者待在家里想弄明白自己的问题。
16．A.training B．study
C．travelling D．business
B 解析：从下文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life.”可知，作者全身心投入到学习中。
17．A.ready B．successful
C．perfect D．safe
C 解析：根据上文“I began to do well, but I knew”可知，作者明白这个道理：一天之内不可能变完美。
18．A.careful B．proud
C．tired D．afraid
B 解析：由上文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life.”及下文“doing it on my own”可知，作者花了一段时间努力过回以前正常的学校生活，对此感到很自豪。
19．A.happy B．different
C．wrong D．busy
C 解析：根据上文“I turned myself around”可知，作者知道自己以前的生活方式是错误的。
20．A.find B．enjoy
C．teach D．forget
A 解析：由上文“I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be ______ in a day.”可知，作者想给自己时间找到自我。
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Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.damage n．& vt. 损失；损害
2.sincerely adv. 真诚地；真挚地
3.express vt. 表示；表达
n. 快车；速递
4.reporter n. 记者
拓展词汇
5.frighten vt.使惊吓；吓唬→frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的→frightening adj.令人恐惧的
6.congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词→congratulate vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺
7.judge n．裁判员；法官vt.断定；判断；判决→judgment n．审判；判决；裁判；判断
8.cyclist n．骑自行车的人→cycle vi.骑自行车
阅读词汇
9.bar n． 条；棒；条状物
10.outline n. 要点；大纲；轮廓
11.headline n. 报刊的大字标题
重点短语
1.a letter of invitation 邀请信
2.give a speech 作演讲
3.be proud of 为……而自豪
4.express thanks to sb. 表达对某人的谢意
5.give out 放出；分发；用光；耗尽
6.be known as 作为……而出名
重点句型
1.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
Your speech was heard by a group of five judges, all of whom agreed(所有的评委赞成) that it was the best one this year.
2.as引导定语从句，意为“正如，正像……”
As you know(正如你所知道的), this is the day the quake happened...years ago.
3.be doing sth. when...“正在做某事这时……”
The man was sleeping downstairs when(正在楼下睡觉这时) the earthquake happened.
Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the speaking competition about?
A．The earthquake which happened in Tangshan.
B．The old Tangshan.
C．New Tangshan.
D．New China.
2．Why will the city open a new park?
A．To honour those who died and those who helped the survivors in the disaster.
B．To honour the students who have won the speaking competition.
C．To show respect to the heroes who died for the new Tangshan.
D．To show respect to the people who work for the new Tangshan.
3．When did the terrible earthquake happen in Tangshan?
A．On August 26.
B．On August 27.
C．On July 27.
D．On July 28.
4．If you are the student who has won the competition，who can you bring to the park?
A．Your family.
B．Your friends.
C．Your family and teachers.
D．Your friends and family.
答案：1－4.CADD
①congratulation[k?n?ɡr?t??'le??n]n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词
②be pleased to do sth. 乐于做某事
③judge[d??d?]n.裁判员；法官
vt. 断定；判断；判决
judging from/by... 根据……判断，常作状语。
④be proud of...为……感到自豪，因……而骄傲
⑤honour vt.尊重，尊敬
n．荣幸，光荣
⑥would like to do sth.希望做某事
⑦have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
⑧family 在这里指“家人”。
⑨sincerely[s?n's??l?]adv. 真诚地；真挚地
Office of the City Government
Tangshan, Hebei
China
July 5, 201______
Dear________，
Congratulations①！ We are pleased to② tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan.Your speech was heard by a group of five judges③，all of whom agreed that it was the best one this year. Your parents and your school should be very proud of④ you!
◆此处为all of whom引导的定语从句，修饰先行词judges。
Next month the city will open a new park to honour⑤ those who died in the terrible disaster. The park will also honour those who helped the survivors.Our office would like to⑥ have you speak⑦ to the park visitors on July 28 at 11：00 am. As you know, this is the day the quake happened ________ years ago.
◆此处为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those；who不能省略，也不能用that替换。
◆As在此引导定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。
We invite you to bring your family⑧ and friends on that special day.
Sincerely⑨，
Zhang Sha
中国河北省唐山市政府办公室
201________年7月5日
亲爱的________：
祝贺你！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中组演讲比赛中获胜了。(评委会的)五位评委听了你的演讲，他们一致认为你的演讲是今年最好的。你的父母和你的学校应该为你感到非常骄傲！
下个月我们市将开放一个新公园，以纪念在那次可怕的灾难中死去的人们，并向那些为幸存者提供过帮助的人致敬。我们办公室希望你在7月28日上午11点给来公园的参观者做演讲。正如你所知道的，________年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。
在那个特殊的日子里，我们邀请你带着你的家人和朋友一起来。
张莎敬上
damage n．& vt.损失；损害
(经典例句)This could cause serious damage to our environment.
这可能会对我们的环境造成严重的破坏。
(1) 对……造成损害
(2)damage one’s health 损害某人的健康
Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored.
地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
[链接写作]——一句多译
众所周知，吸烟会损害我们的健康。
①As we all know, smoking can do damage to our health．(damage n．)
②It is well known that smoking can damage our health．(damage vt.)
frightening adj.令人恐惧的
(教材P28)It was a frightening night.
这是一个骇人的夜晚。
(1)frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬
frighten sb. into/out of (doing)sth. 恐吓某人做/不做某事
(2)frightened adj. 受惊的；受恐吓的
①With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.
在这么令人恐惧的情况下没人能求助，她感到非常绝望。
②The man frightened the old lady into signing the paper.
那个人恐吓那位老太太，使她签了文件。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The frightening news made all of them frightened to death.(frighten)
②The news was frightening and they were all frightened．(frighten)
③The little boy was frightened(frighten) of talking with his teacher face to face.
congratulation n．祝贺；(复数)贺词
(教材P30)Congratulations! We are pleased to tell you that you have won the high school speaking competition about new Tangshan. 祝贺你！我们很高兴地告诉你，你在以新唐山为主题的高中组演讲比赛中获胜了。
(1)offer/send/express congratulations to sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺某事
(2)congratulate v. 祝贺，向……致贺词
congratulate sb.on/upon sth./doing sth. 就某事向某人祝贺
①We offered him our congratulations on his passing the entrance exam.
我们祝贺他通过了入学考试。
②Let’s go and congratulate him on being accepted by Tsinghua University.
他被清华大学录取了，我们去祝贺他吧。
[链接写作]——一句多译
我真诚地祝贺你从北京大学毕业。
①I sincerely express my congratulations to you on your graduating from Beijing University. (congratulation)
②I sincerely congratulate you on your graduating from Beijing University.(congratulate)
judge n．裁判员；法官 vt.断定；判断；判决
(经典例句)I’m writing to invite you to be a judge at our English speech contest to be held in our school. 我写信邀请你担任在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛的裁判。
(1)judge...from/by... 从……来判断……
judge between right and wrong 判断是非
as far as I can judge 据我判断，我认为
(2)judging by/from... 根据……判断
①As the saying goes，“We should never judge a person by his looks.”
常言道，“我们不能以貌取人。”
②As far as I can judge, Li Ming is more reliable.
据我判断，李明更可靠。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Judging(judge) by/from her last letter, they are having a wonderful time.
②You can’t judge others by your own past.
express vt.表示；表达 n．快车；速递
(经典例句)I would like to express my sincere thanks to all those who have helped me.
我想对所有帮助过我的人表示诚挚的谢意。
(1)express one’s thanks to 表达某人对……的感谢
express oneself 表达自己的思想
(2)expression n. 表达；表情
beyond expression 无法表达
①My parents have expressed concern about my future.
父母对我的未来表示关心。
②As a matter of fact, the beauty of Guilin is beyond expression.
实际上，桂林之美无法用言语表达。
[链接写作]——完成句子
她精通英语；她用英语表达自己的想法没有困难。
She has a good command of English and she has no difficulty in expressing herself in English.
(教材P30)As you know, this is the day the quake happened...years ago. 正如你所知道的，……年前的这一天正是发生地震的日子。
(1)as you know为非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容。
(2)关系代词as引导非限制性定语从句时，从句可放在主句前、主句中或主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。as意为“正如”，其后的谓语动词多是see, know, expect, say, report等。
①As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.
众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
②As is expected, he passed the exam.
正如所预料的一样，他通过了考试。
[链接写作]——完成句子
如图所示，我们可以清楚地看出人类与沙漠之间的较量。
As is shown in the picture, we can see clearly the struggle between people and desert.
be doing sth. when...正在做某事这时……
(教材P31)The man was sleeping downstairs when the earthquake happened.
这名男子正在楼下睡觉，这时地震突然发生了。
be doing sth.when...正在做某事这时……，when为并列连词，相当于and just at that time。
be about to do...when... 正要做……这时……
had just done...when... 刚刚做完……这时……
①I was watching TV when the electricity was cut off.
我正在看电视，这时突然停电了。
②I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang.
我刚完成试卷，这时铃声响了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We were about to start(start) when it began to rain.
②I was walking along the street when I heard my name called.
品句填词
1．Mary’s friends came to her house to offer their congratulations on her son’s going to Beijing University.
2．In some Chinese cities, walkers and cyclists wear masks to protect themselves against heavy smog.
3．I sincerely hope that you can realize your dream of having your own coffee house in the city.
4．He can express(表达) himself in fluent English now after four years’ learning.
5．The children’s shouts frightened(使惊吓) the birds and they flew away.
6．As we all know, a good reporter(记者) should have a good nose for news.
7．He opened the newspaper, and his attention was drawn by an article with an interesting headline(大字标题)．
8．Once the damage(破坏) is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
9．A man should be judged(断定) by his deeds, not by his appearance.
10．After the electricity(电) was cut off, the lights went out.
选词填空
put up; judging by; right away; in ruins; dig out; as if; at an end;be trapped in; rescue...from; think little of
1．Five passengers including a kid were rescued from the burning car and sent to the hospital immediately.
2．On hearing the good news, my sister phoned her friend right away．
3．My respect for him was at an end when I saw him doing damage to a shared bike.
4．The city which was known for its wonderful views lay in ruins after the terrible rainstorm.
5．To their great joy, some gold coins that seemed very expensive were dug out from the ground.
6．Peter thought little of the advice given by his teacher and failed the exam as a result.
7．A stranger smiled to me as if he had known me and smiled again when he found he got the wrong person.
8．I heard that three workers were trapped in the engine room by the big fire.
9．After they put up several tents on the farm, the soldiers began to cook a meal.
10．Judging by his accent, he may be from my hometown.
完成句子
1．因海伦照顾他生病的母亲，史密斯先生向她表达了谢意。
Mr. Smith expressed his thanks to Helen for her looking after his sick mother.
2．正如我们所知，他是世界上赢得这一比赛的最年轻的选手。
As we know,he is the youngest winner of the competition in the world.
3．十多个孩子读了这本书，他们所有人都对它评价很高。
The book has been read by more than ten children, all of whom think highly of it.
4．当那辆车差点要撞上伯顿先生的时候，他吓得一动也不敢动。
Mr. Burton was too frightened to move when the car nearly hit him.
5．当沙尘暴袭击我们的小镇时，就像世界走到了尽头。
When the sandstorm hit our town, it seemed as if the world was at an end.
6．灾难过后，并不是所有的人都失去了信心。
After the disaster, not all the people lost heart.
单句语法填空
1．It will take at least five months to repair the ship that was seriously damaged(damage) by the storm.
2．Judging(judge) from what everyone says about him, I would say he has a good chance of winning.
3．Her facial expression(express) told me she was rather concerned about whether she had the chance to join in our discussion.
4．She felt greatly honoured(honour) to have been invited to give a lecture at the meeting.
5．He drove back and sent me his congratulations(congratulate) on winning the award last night.
6．When he heard the frightening news, a frightened look came into his face.(frighten)
7．Two months later our food supplies gave out．
8．The young mother, who thought little of her own life, tried her best to protect her baby from being hurt.
9．He was doing his homework when the door bell rang.
10．Mr. Wilson didn’t believe that two thirds of his children’s spare time was(be) wasted in playing computer games.
阅读理解
Wanda Butts dropped the phone and screamed when she heard the news that her son was dead.
Josh had drowned(溺亡) while sailing on a lake with his friends. The 16?year?old didn’t know how to swim, and he wasn’t wearing a life jacket.
Josh was not alone in the black community. According to USA Swimming, 70% of African?American children cannot swim. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, African?American children between the ages of 5 and 14 are three times more likely to drown than white children in the same age range(范围)．
In 2007, Butts started the Josh Project, a non?profit organization(非营利组织) that provides low?cost swimming lessons for children in Toledo, Ohio. The swimming lessons take place at a local high school over four Saturdays for a total cost of $10.
To date, the Josh Project has helped more than 1，000 children learn how to swim.
“The public pools near our home were closed, and other places were not affordable，” said Lisa Haynes, whose 14?year?old son, Joshua, is one of 60?plus students in the Josh Project this summer.
“I am less worried if Joshua is near water because he has the basics of how to swim，” Haynes said. “And we’re thankful for that.”
Butts is doing much more, however, than just providing swimming lessons.
“She ups the awareness(意识)，” said Shaun Anderson, a swimming coach who was so inspired by her story that he created a Josh Project swimming program at Norfolk State University. “Once these communities learn how to swim, they will pass it down, which results in future generations (代) knowing how to swim.”
Butts said she has two wishes for the future: One is to change the drowning numbers of African?American children, and the other is to have a swimming center where the children can swim daily instead of just once a week.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。因为一次溺水事件失去儿子的Wanda Butts创建了一个教非裔美国儿童学习游泳的非营利组织。
1．What led to Josh’s drowning?
A．He was poor in boating skills.
B．He gave his life jacket to a friend.
C．He was never taught swimming skills.
D．He was careless when swimming in the lake.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段可知，因为不会游泳且未穿救生衣，Josh在湖中与朋友们乘船航行时溺亡。
2．Why did the author list the numbers in Paragraph 3?
A．To show children under 14 are more likely to drown.
B．To argue children should learn swimming at a very young age.
C．To show many African?American children lack swimming skills.
D．To introduce the difference between African?American and white children.
C 解析：推理判断题。第三段主旨句为第一句，即Josh的情况在美国非裔群体中并不罕见。接下来作者引用两个组织提供的数据来支持这个说法，70%的非裔美国儿童不会游泳，且在5到14岁年龄段的儿童之中，非裔美国儿童溺亡的人数要比白人儿童高出几倍。因此，这些数据是为了说明非裔美国儿童当中有许多人都不会游泳。
3．What can we learn about the Josh Project?
A．It has its own swimming pools.
B．It provides lessons only in summer.
C．It serves children aged from 5 to 14.
D．Its swimming lessons take place once a week.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第四段中的“The swimming lessons... four Saturdays”以及最后一段中的“where the children...just once a week”可知，该组织每周六开设游泳课程，即一周一次。
4．What did Lisa Haynes think of the swimming lessons the Josh Project provides?
A．Expensive. B．Helpful.
C．Interesting. D．Difficult.
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第四段中Haynes所说的话可知，她的儿子通过游泳课程学会了基本的游泳技能，她对此很感激。因此可推断，Haynes认为该公益组织开设的游泳课程很有用。
七选五
Swim Safely!
Swimming is great exercise, and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends in summer. 1.________， so it’s important to stay safe as you do it. Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
·2.________. Don’t swim unless there is a lifeguard at work. If you’re on a beach near the ocean, this is especially important. In some places fast?flowing water can move swimmers away without warning. So if a sign says “no swimming”， pay attention to it.
·Be careful when diving(跳入) into the water headfirst. 3.________. In natural water, don’t dive unless you know that the water is deep enough. Or you could hurt your head on the bottom, causing injury or death.
·Around water, adults(成年人) should watch children at all times to make sure they are safe. Those who don’t know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, so an adult should always be present. If you have to rescue a child from drowning(淹死), a few seconds can make a big difference.
·Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim. 4.________， that person can make sure you get help.
·5.________. The sun’s heat and the physical activity may make you sweat(出汗) more than you realize.
By following these simple rules, you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun. Now get out there, and enjoy the water!
A．Drink a lot of water
B．That way if something goes wrong
C．But swimming can also be dangerous
D．Swim only in areas set apart for swimming
E．Make sure everyone in your family learns to swim well
F．Most pools have marked deep ends where diving is safe
G．Many children who drown in home pools were out of sight for less than five minutes
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几条安全游泳的规则。
1．C 解析：由该空后的“it’s important to stay safe as you do it”以及下文提及的几条安全游泳规则可知，此处是说游泳具有危险性，因此游泳时的安全措施格外重要。故选C项。
2．D 解析：由本段中的“unless there is a lifeguard at work”和“on a beach near the ocean”以及“In some places”可知，由于有不可控因素的发生，因此建议只在特定规划的区域才可以下水游泳。
3．F 解析：F项中的“deep ends where diving is safe”与该空后的“the water is deep enough”以及本段的建议“Be careful when diving(跳入) into the water headfirst.”相呼应。
4．B 解析：由该空前的“Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim.”和该空后的“that person can make sure you get help”可知，如果有意外发生，有同行友人在，你可以得到及时救援。故选B项。
5．A 解析：A项“Drink a lot of water”与“you sweat(出汗) more than you realize”相呼应。
完形填空
When my life was quickly falling out of my hands, I felt helpless. I needed to find a way out.
It all began when I moved away from Pennsylvania and could’t __1__ it was something my parents had to do. I was angry with them, which didn’t __2__ most of the time. So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school __3__ I thought I had better things to do. I had poor __4__ as time passed. I __5__ to drop out of school.
Seeing what I was doing, my friends __6__. We went on a trip, not __7__ losing our education or love from our parents. We thought it __8__ to be on our own until we ran out of money for our __9__．
Then, I got a full?time job, which didn’t last long. I couldn’t __10__ being told what I had to do with my work. I rebelled(反抗) and got __11__. Once again, I didn’t __12__. Then, I began to get in trouble and was __13__ many times by the police. __14__， I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白) my __15__．
Weeks went by while I stayed home. I wanted my life back to normal.
I decided to devote myself to my __16__ and I also got a part?time job. I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be __17__ in a day. It took me a while to live a normal high school life. I was __18__ of doing it on my own. I turned myself around because I knew I had a __19__ lifestyle. I needed time to __20__ myself. Here I am now, a senior, waiting for graduation.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中学时曾经学坏的作者痛定思痛，决定痛改前非，回到正常的人生轨道上来。
1．A.realize B．imagine
C．understand D．judge
C 解析：根据下文“I was angry with them”可知，作者对父母为什么要搬家这件事一直不理解。
2．A.last B．stop
C．improve D．help
D 解析：由下文“So I made friends and was out on school nights, planning on not going to school”可知，对父母生气也于事无补。
3．A.if B．so
C．unless D．because
D 解析：空格前后内容之间存在因果关系。
4．A.grades B．memories
C．health D．taste
A 解析：根据上文“planning on not going to school”及下文“to drop out of school”可知，由于经常逃学，作者成绩不好。
5．A.feared B．decided
C．hated D．begged
B 解析：由上文“planning on not going to school”以及下文“We went on a trip”可知，作者决定辍学。
6．A.left B．shocked
C．followed D．appeared
C 解析：从下文“We went on a trip”可知，看到作者辍学了，朋友也加入了辍学的行列。
7．A.caring about B．talking about
C．believing in D．feeling like
A 解析：根据下文“We thought it ______ to be on our own”可知，作者和朋友不再关心学业和父母的担心，跑去旅游了。
8．A.difficult B．necessary
C．lucky D．great
D 解析：根据下文“until we ran out of money”可知，直到钱花光之前作者一直觉得这种独立的感觉还不错。
9．A.experiences B．matches
C．researches D．trips
D 解析：由上文“We went on a trip”可知，作者和朋友在旅途中把钱都花光了。
10．A.stand B．avoid
C．escape D．risk
A 解析：根据下文“I rebelled(反抗)”可知，作者忍受不了工作中有人告诉他应该做什么。
11．A.caught B．fired
C．injured D．changed
B 解析：根据上文“I got a full?time job, which didn’t last long”可知，作者被解雇了。
12．A.mind B．know
C．accept D．win
A 解析：从下文“Then, I began to get in trouble”可知，作者对被解雇这件事不在意，就像不在意辍学一样。
13．A.attacked B．encouraged
C．protected D．warned
D 解析：根据下文“many times by the police”及“I went home”可知，作者被警察警告过很多次。
14．A.Hopefully B．Finally
C．Luckily D．Suddenly
B 解析：由下文“I went home, trying to figure out(弄明白)”可知，被警察多次警告过后，作者最终回家。
15．A.choices B．ways
C．problems D．answers
C 解析：根据下文“I wanted my life back to normal.”可知，作者待在家里想弄明白自己的问题。
16．A.training B．study
C．travelling D．business
B 解析：从下文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life.”可知，作者全身心投入到学习中。
17．A.ready B．successful
C．perfect D．safe
C 解析：根据上文“I began to do well, but I knew”可知，作者明白这个道理：一天之内不可能变完美。
18．A.careful B．proud
C．tired D．afraid
B 解析：由上文“It took me a while to live a normal high school life.”及下文“doing it on my own”可知，作者花了一段时间努力过回以前正常的学校生活，对此感到很自豪。
19．A.happy B．different
C．wrong D．busy
C 解析：根据上文“I turned myself around”可知，作者知道自己以前的生活方式是错误的。
20．A.find B．enjoy
C．teach D．forget
A 解析：由上文“I began to do well, but I knew it wouldn’t be ______ in a day.”可知，作者想给自己时间找到自我。
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Section Ⅳ Grammar
定语从句(Ⅰ)
1．(教材P26)The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 400，000.
2．(教材P26)Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
3．(教材P26)The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
4．(教材P26)Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
5．The man whom/who/that I have to phone lives in Canada.
定义
1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词或代词起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2．关系词分为关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose, as等)和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。
关系代词的基本用法
1．who指人，在定语从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语。
◆The children who were injured in a car accident are being treated in the hospital now. 在车祸中受伤的孩子们现在正在医院接受治疗。(作主语)
◆Danny was a man who we rescued from the ruins.
丹尼是我们从废墟中救出来的一个人。(作宾语)
2．whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
◆Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。
◆The boy (who/whom) the teacher often praises is their monitor.
老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。
3．whose既可以指人，也可以指物，表示“所属”关系，whose在定语从句中作定语。
◆Any student whose family is too poor to go to school can get help from the government.
任何由于家境贫寒而上不起学的学生都可以得到政府的帮助。(修饰人)
◆He lives in a room whose window faces north.
他住在一个窗子朝北的房间里。(修饰物)
【即时演练1】——关系代词填空
①The woman who/that is shaking hands with my sister is a doctor.
②Those who want to see the film set down your names, please.
③The girl who graduated from Cambridge University is called Amanda.
④I like those books whose topics are about history.
⑤The old man whom/who you spoke to is a famous doctor.
4．which指事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
◆China is a country which has a long history.
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。(作主语)
◆The radio (which) he bought yesterday doesn’t work.
他昨天买的收音机坏了。(作宾语)
◆This is the house in which I once lived.
这是我曾经住过的房子。(作介词in的宾语)
5．that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。习惯上指人多用who，whom，指物多用which。
◆This is the novel that interests me.
这就是让我感兴趣的那本小说。(指物，作主语)
◆The magazine (that) I bought yesterday is lost.
我昨天买的那本杂志丢了。(指物，作宾语)
◆The number of people that/who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达100万。(that指人，作主语)
关系代词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。
[译]昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。
[误]The film (that/which) we saw it last night is very frightening.
[正]The film (that/which) we saw last night is very frightening.
【即时演练2】——关系代词填空
①Look, here are some people who/whom/that I want you to meet.
②Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago?
③The picture which/that was about the accident was terrible.
关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, much等不定代词时。
◆Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said?
李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？
◆All that can be done has been done.
所有能做的都做了。
2．先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
◆The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。
◆This is the most delicious food that I have ever had.
这是我吃过的最美味的食物。
3．先行词被all, every, no, the only, the very, the last等修饰时。
◆I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。
◆The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
◆I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday.
我已找到昨天丢的钢笔。
4．当先行词既指人，又指物时。
◆We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。
【即时演练3】——完成句子
①这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。
This is the most beautiful park that I have visited．
②她把她感兴趣的人和物都拍摄了下来。
She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in．
③聊天是她唯一最感兴趣的事。
Chatting was the only thing that interested her most.
单句语法填空
1．Last weekend my roommates and I talked about the happy days that/which we had in college.
2．Jake used to be a brave boy that/whom/who his teachers always praised.
3．Ann’s parents allowed Ann to help John whose family was poor.
4．They have got a robot that/which can take care of the old and babies.
5．Lucy called her brother that/whom/who she hadn’t spoken to for five years.
6．The firefighter rescued those who were trapped in the lift.
7．I visited the couple last week whose daughter is studying in the United States.
8．It is the most interesting story that I have ever read.
9．There are many things that/which I need to buy before the trip to France.
10．Martin didn’t buy the new cellphone whose price was too high for him.
11．Do you like the film Titanic whose music is very beautiful?
12．I’m not interested in the story that/which is about the trip to the moon.
13．One Hundred Years of Solitude is the most wonderful book that I have read so far.
14．When she came near, I found that she was one of my classmates that/whom/who I had not met since graduation.
15．Today there are lots of video games that/which eat up our time.
单句改错
1．Gary was a single?parent child his father left his mother before he was born.第一个his→whose
2．The old woman sat in her house across the street and watched everything who went by all day long.who→that
3．The car which color is red belongs to Shirley.which→whose
4．I have read the book who is written by J. K. Rowling.who→that/which
5．Do you like the toy whose your aunt gave you on your birthday？去掉whose或whose→that/which
6．The Little Prince is the very book which the old man is looking for.which→that或去掉which
7．Mrs. Green is one of the women in our village who has become rich by growing vegetables.has→have
8．The beautiful French song that I’m listening is sung by my favourite singer Alizée.listening后加to
9．Our group is discussing Li Bai and his poems which we have already learned.which→that或去掉which
10．I’ll give you a book which you’ll find it interesting.去掉it
语法与写作
请将下列句子升级为含定语从句的复合句。
1．We are going to interview the writer. His new novel has been well received by the public.
We are going to interview the writer whose new novel has been well received by the public.
2．The washing machine is out of order. Mrs. Green bought the washing machine a month ago.
The washing machine (that/which) Mrs. Green bought a month ago is out of order.
3．The police are looking for the little girl. The little girl got lost yesterday.
The police are looking for the little girl that/who got lost yesterday.
4．The girl is making a speech under the national flag. The girl is our monitor.
The girl who/that is making a speech under the national flag is our monitor.
5．They visited Peter yesterday. Peter’s leg was injured in a car accident.
They visited Peter yesterday whose leg was injured in a car accident.
6．I value the cellphone. My aunt gave me the cellphone as my birthday gift last weekend.
I value the cellphone (that/which) my aunt gave me as my birthday gift last weekend.
7．Susan is clever. Susan’s dream is to become a famous singer.
Susan, whose dream is to become a famous singer, is clever.
8．Mary can’t believe the news. Tony told her the news just now.
Mary can’t believe the news (that/which) Tony told her just now.
单句语法填空
1．I saw a man shouting at a driver whose car was blocking the street.
2．The girl still remembers the days that/which she spent with her friends in Beijing.
3．This dictionary is the second one that I bought in the bookstore.
4．They have talked about the things and persons that they remember for about two hours.
5．He often helps his little sister whose English is very poor.
6．I don’t know the girl that/who speaks English fluently.
7．Lucy likes the woman writer whose books teach her a lot.
8．Johnson is the student whom/who/that his teachers are proud of.
9．I sat next to an old lady who/that looked very frightened, so I tried to calm her down.
10．Mr. Lin is singing a song that/which sounds like a kid’s song.
11．Peter is not interested in the topic that/which the girls are talking about in the classroom.
12．Mrs. Brown is the one whose words can change the way I look at something.
13．I won’t do anything that harms me or my friends forever.
14．All the stories that Mrs. Yang wrote have something to do with teenagers.
15．Alice is one of the girls in our school who have won the prize three times.
阅读理解
A
On Jan.11, a mother named Amy Calhoun had an extremely scaring experience before a neighbor came to help her. After drinking milk and a small amount of juice, her 7?week?old son Oliver began to cry. His mother gently patted(拍打) his back. Then he vomited(呕吐). The vomit was stuck in Oliver’s nose. He couldn’t breathe.
Calhoun ran downstairs. She laid him on the hard floor and went outside and shouted for help. She tried CPR. She wasn’t doing it right. She went outside and shouted again for help. She turned around. Oliver was blue. His eyes were closed. “He was gone，” she said. The next thing she knew was that a stranger was there. “I don’t even remember seeing him come in，” she said. Marcus Brewer ran to the home. Calhoun was crying. He saw the lifeless baby. “She was just saying, ‘My baby’s dead.’” he said. “That’s all I remember her saying.”
Brewer, a former volunteer firefighter, told her to calm down and tell him what had happened. He picked Oliver up. Oliver’s arms and legs hung loosely. Brewer turned him over and strongly patted his back. He sucked(吸) out the vomit and performed CPR. After a while, Brewer saw Oliver’s dark blue lips shake. And Calhoun heard Oliver cry. Oliver had been brought back to life just before the ambulance arrived. Calhoun and her baby were moved to Medical Center, where the doctors said he was perfectly healthy.
Calhoun thought the incident could be a lesson, and encouraged everyone to learn CPR. “There might be one day when you’ll have to use it to save a loved one or a stranger，” she said. “If it weren’t for him, my son would not be here right now.” As Oliver gets older, she plans to tell him his story.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个7周大的婴儿因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸，邻居赶来对其实施急救，从而使婴儿得救。
1．Why did Oliver stop breathing?
A．He drank bad milk and juice.
B．Something harmed his lung.
C．Something was stuck in his nose.
D．His mother wrongly patted him.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The vomit was stuck in Oliver’s nose. He couldn’t breathe.”可知，Oliver因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸。
2．Calhoun didn’t notice Brewer come into the home probably because ________．
A．she was calling 911
B．she was lost in great sadness
C．she was doing CPR downstairs
D．she was shouting outside for help
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的描写以及“She was just saying, ‘My baby’s dead，’” he said. “That’s all I remember her saying.”可知，Calhoun当时惊慌失措，十分难过，无暇顾及屋里是否进来陌生人。
3．What’s the RIGHT order of Brewer’s first?aid steps?
A．Turn Oliver over—pat the back—suck out the vomit—perform CPR.
B．Turn Oliver over—perform CPR—suck out the vomit—pat the back.
C．Perform CPR—turn Oliver over—pat the back—suck out the vomit.
D．Turn Oliver over—suck out the vomit—pat the back—perform CPR.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段Brewer施救的顺序可知答案。
4．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Never Ignore a Stranger’s Help
B．A Neighbor Saved a Baby by CPR
C．How to Perform CPR on Babies
D．A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述陌生邻居如何通过CPR来救人的故事，故B项作标题最佳。
B
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude(震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experiences with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes which to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the famous landmark．
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer—something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father.” Minutes later, I was safe outside.
【解题导语】 作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
5．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________．
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
C 解析：写作意图题。作者主要向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
6．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________．
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6.0
D．all happened in California
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955...in California.”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。
7．When the first earthquake happened, the author ________．
A．was staying with his daughter
B．was planting fruit trees
C．held on to a tree for hours
D．was in a hotel
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及最后一句的“All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知第一次地震发生时， 作者和他的女儿正待在一起。
8．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?
A．A church.
B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake.
D．The place where the author was born.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据上文“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
语法填空
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing. Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs 1.____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2.____________ the two sports do have many pieces of equipment in common.
Perhaps 3.____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4.____________ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it. This piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5.___________ (climber) have several carabiners on hand during a climb.
Mountain climbers also 6.____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐). This tool is used for different purposes according to 7.____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8.__________(know) as crampons. Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9.__________ (connect) with the climber’s shoes. The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10.____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged(穿入) into hard ice repeatedly. The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了几种登山工具。
1．from 解析：考查介词。differ from sth.与……不一样。
2．though/although 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管这两项运动的很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填though/although。
3．the 解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。
4．which 解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为carabiner，指物，故用关系代词which。
5．climbers 解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是most修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填climbers。
6．usually 解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。
7．its 解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tool，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
8．known 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与know构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．are connected 解析：考查动词的语态。因为sharp metal teeth与connect构成动宾关系，故填are connected。
10．is 解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。
短文改错
Our new English teacher, Miss Lish, come from Singapore. She is a beautiful lady with long hair. She becomes popular among student because she is humorous and kindly. Whenever we have trouble with our study or life, we’d like to turn to him because she is always ready to helping others. All of us like her classes because she is knowledgeable but can make her classes lively. She can also make us study energetic. Although she is easy to get along, she is very strict about our study. We all like her and believe we can make a greater progress with her teach us English.
答案：
Our new English teacher, Miss Lish, from Singapore. She is a beautiful lady with long hair. She becomes popular among because she is humorous and . Whenever we have trouble with our study or life, we’d like to turn to because she is always ready to others. All of us like her classes because she is knowledgeable can make her classes lively. She can also make us study . Although she is easy to get along , she is very strict about our study. We all like her and believe we can make greater progress with her us English.
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Section Ⅳ Grammar
单句语法填空
1．I saw a man shouting at a driver whose car was blocking the street.
2．The girl still remembers the days that/which she spent with her friends in Beijing.
3．This dictionary is the second one that I bought in the bookstore.
4．They have talked about the things and persons that they remember for about two hours.
5．He often helps his little sister whose English is very poor.
6．I don’t know the girl that/who speaks English fluently.
7．Lucy likes the woman writer whose books teach her a lot.
8．Johnson is the student whom/who/that his teachers are proud of.
9．I sat next to an old lady who/that looked very frightened, so I tried to calm her down.
10．Mr. Lin is singing a song that/which sounds like a kid’s song.
11．Peter is not interested in the topic that/which the girls are talking about in the classroom.
12．Mrs. Brown is the one whose words can change the way I look at something.
13．I won’t do anything that harms me or my friends forever.
14．All the stories that Mrs. Yang wrote have something to do with teenagers.
15．Alice is one of the girls in our school who have won the prize three times.
阅读理解
A
On Jan.11, a mother named Amy Calhoun had an extremely scaring experience before a neighbor came to help her. After drinking milk and a small amount of juice, her 7?week?old son Oliver began to cry. His mother gently patted(拍打) his back. Then he vomited(呕吐). The vomit was stuck in Oliver’s nose. He couldn’t breathe.
Calhoun ran downstairs. She laid him on the hard floor and went outside and shouted for help. She tried CPR. She wasn’t doing it right. She went outside and shouted again for help. She turned around. Oliver was blue. His eyes were closed. “He was gone，” she said. The next thing she knew was that a stranger was there. “I don’t even remember seeing him come in，” she said. Marcus Brewer ran to the home. Calhoun was crying. He saw the lifeless baby. “She was just saying, ‘My baby’s dead.’” he said. “That’s all I remember her saying.”
Brewer, a former volunteer firefighter, told her to calm down and tell him what had happened. He picked Oliver up. Oliver’s arms and legs hung loosely. Brewer turned him over and strongly patted his back. He sucked(吸) out the vomit and performed CPR. After a while, Brewer saw Oliver’s dark blue lips shake. And Calhoun heard Oliver cry. Oliver had been brought back to life just before the ambulance arrived. Calhoun and her baby were moved to Medical Center, where the doctors said he was perfectly healthy.
Calhoun thought the incident could be a lesson, and encouraged everyone to learn CPR. “There might be one day when you’ll have to use it to save a loved one or a stranger，” she said. “If it weren’t for him, my son would not be here right now.” As Oliver gets older, she plans to tell him his story.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。一个7周大的婴儿因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸，邻居赶来对其实施急救，从而使婴儿得救。
1．Why did Oliver stop breathing?
A．He drank bad milk and juice.
B．Something harmed his lung.
C．Something was stuck in his nose.
D．His mother wrongly patted him.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“The vomit was stuck in Oliver’s nose. He couldn’t breathe.”可知，Oliver因呕吐物卡在鼻中而停止呼吸。
2．Calhoun didn’t notice Brewer come into the home probably because ________．
A．she was calling 911
B．she was lost in great sadness
C．she was doing CPR downstairs
D．she was shouting outside for help
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的描写以及“She was just saying, ‘My baby’s dead，’” he said. “That’s all I remember her saying.”可知，Calhoun当时惊慌失措，十分难过，无暇顾及屋里是否进来陌生人。
3．What’s the RIGHT order of Brewer’s first?aid steps?
A．Turn Oliver over—pat the back—suck out the vomit—perform CPR.
B．Turn Oliver over—perform CPR—suck out the vomit—pat the back.
C．Perform CPR—turn Oliver over—pat the back—suck out the vomit.
D．Turn Oliver over—suck out the vomit—pat the back—perform CPR.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段Brewer施救的顺序可知答案。
4．What’s the best title for the passage?
A．Never Ignore a Stranger’s Help
B．A Neighbor Saved a Baby by CPR
C．How to Perform CPR on Babies
D．A Friend in Need Is a Friend Indeed
B 解析：标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述陌生邻居如何通过CPR来救人的故事，故B项作标题最佳。
B
Having lived in California until 1970, my family has felt a number of earthquakes. We have been fortunate, however, to have suffered no bodily harm or property damage.
There is a website that lists all California earthquakes recorded from 1769 to the present. The site lists the dates and times as well as the magnitude(震级) and the exact location of any quake that measured more than 6.0. There are only a few quakes that stand out in my memory and, luckily, none is shown in the website. So, my personal experiences with earthquakes might be considered insignificant.
There are three earthquakes that are difficult to forget. The first one was in 1955 and our oldest daughter was walking with me in our backyard in Redwood City in California. As the shaking became stronger I held her to me with one arm as I held on to one of our fruit trees with the other. All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes which to us felt like hours.
The second one was in 1963. Our entire family was visiting Disneyland in Southern California. The earth started to shake just as we were beginning to walk from our hotel toward the famous landmark．
My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California. It was in my sixties and I was alone in an old church. As the building started to shake, I quickly headed for the door to go outside. I remember I said a little prayer—something like, “Help me get out of here in time, Dear Heavenly Father.” Minutes later, I was safe outside.
【解题导语】 作者回忆了自己经历的三次地震。
5．The author writes the passage mainly to tell us about ________．
A．a new film about an earthquake
B．how to survive an earthquake
C．his three earthquake experiences
D．how to save children in an earthquake
C 解析：写作意图题。作者主要向读者介绍了自己经历的三次地震。
6．The earthquakes the author has experienced ________．
A．all caused bodily harm
B．are all recorded in a website
C．all measured more than 6.0
D．all happened in California
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“The first one was in 1955...in California.”和第四段第二句以及第五段的“My third experience with an earthquake was a lonely one in California.”可知答案。
7．When the first earthquake happened, the author ________．
A．was staying with his daughter
B．was planting fruit trees
C．held on to a tree for hours
D．was in a hotel
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句及最后一句的“All three of us (my daughter, I and the tree) shook for two or three minutes”可知第一次地震发生时， 作者和他的女儿正待在一起。
8．What does the underlined part “the famous landmark” refer to?
A．A church.
B．Disneyland.
C．A building destroyed by an earthquake.
D．The place where the author was born.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据上文“Our entire family was visiting Disneyland”可知答案。
语法填空
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing. Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs 1.____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2.____________ the two sports do have many pieces of equipment in common.
Perhaps 3.____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4.____________ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it. This piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5.___________ (climber) have several carabiners on hand during a climb.
Mountain climbers also 6.____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐). This tool is used for different purposes according to 7.____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8.__________(know) as crampons. Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9.__________ (connect) with the climber’s shoes. The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10.____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged(穿入) into hard ice repeatedly. The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了几种登山工具。
1．from 解析：考查介词。differ from sth.与……不一样。
2．though/although 解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，登山是一种与攀岩不同的运动。尽管这两项运动的很多装备一样，但还是有些装备不一样。故填though/although。
3．the 解析：考查冠词。因为此空后面是形容词的最高级，故用定冠词the。
4．which 解析：考查关系代词。因为此处是一个非限制性定语从句，且先行词为carabiner，指物，故用关系代词which。
5．climbers 解析：考查名词的数。因为前面是most修饰，且climber是可数名词，故填climbers。
6．usually 解析：考查副词。此处是用来修饰动词use，故用其副词形式，故填usually。
7．its 解析：考查代词。此处it指代前面的This tool，又因为修饰的是名词，故用形容词性物主代词，故填its。
8．known 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是作后置定语，且equipment与know构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。
9．are connected 解析：考查动词的语态。因为sharp metal teeth与connect构成动宾关系，故填are connected。
10．is 解析：考查主谓一致。因为主语that指代the ice axe，故谓语动词用单数，故填is。
短文改错
Our new English teacher, Miss Lish, come from Singapore. She is a beautiful lady with long hair. She becomes popular among student because she is humorous and kindly. Whenever we have trouble with our study or life, we’d like to turn to him because she is always ready to helping others. All of us like her classes because she is knowledgeable but can make her classes lively. She can also make us study energetic. Although she is easy to get along, she is very strict about our study. We all like her and believe we can make a greater progress with her teach us English.
答案：
Our new English teacher, Miss Lish, from Singapore. She is a beautiful lady with long hair. She becomes popular among because she is humorous and . Whenever we have trouble with our study or life, we’d like to turn to because she is always ready to others. All of us like her classes because she is knowledgeable can make her classes lively. She can also make us study . Although she is easy to get along , she is very strict about our study. We all like her and believe we can make greater progress with her us English.
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Section Ⅴ Writing
新闻报道
文体感知
新闻报道是记叙文的一种，其特点是以事实为依据，对人的经历或事实给予明确的、实事求是的报道。写作过程中要保持事件的真实性、准确性、及时性。语言要准确、简练、通俗易懂。
增分佳句
①In order to encourage the students to get close to nature, our school organized a mountain?climbing activity.
为了鼓励学生们亲近大自然，我们学校组织了一次登山活动。
②They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.
他们说这是多么美好的一天，他们会永远铭记。
③What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives.
他们所做的给他们带来快乐，而且丰富了他们自己的生活。
④Apart from knowledge, we also learned to cooperate with each other and came to realize the importance of teamwork.
除了知识，我们也学会了和他人合作，也逐渐意识到合作的重要性。
⑤The activity benefited us a lot./The activity was of great benefit to us./The activity was very beneficial to us.
活动对我们很有好处。
写作模板
(导语)In order to encourage the students to ______(目的), our school organized a __________(活动) on ________(时间) at ________(地点), which ________．
(正文)It was a ________ day(介绍天气). First(ly)/First of all, ________. Then, ________(介绍活动的过程). Finally, ________．
(评价)________ benefited us a lot/was of benefit to us.
Not only did it ________， it also __________. What a(n) ________ activity!
星光中学(Xingguang High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者，请写一篇短文来报道此次活动。内容包括：
1．时间与地点：4月10日，大青山(Daqing Mountain)；
2．活动的过程；
3．你对于这次活动的评论。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．鼓励 encourage
2．组织 organize
3．集合 gather
4．动身 set off
5．落后 fall behind
6．放松 relaxation
7．促进 promote
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①为了鼓励同学们参加户外运动，我们学校于4月10日组织了登山活动。
In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain?climbing activity on April 10.
②我们几百个人参加了这项活动。
Hundreds of us took part in this activity.
③我们沐浴在阳光下。
We were bathed in sunshine.
④我们高兴地欢呼跳跃。
We jumped and cheered with joy．
2．句式升级
⑤用定语从句合并句①和句②
In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain?climbing activity on April 10, which hundreds of us took part in．
⑥用非谓语动词作状语合并句③和句④
Bathed in sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.
妙笔成篇
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
In order to encourage the students to take outdoor exercise, our school organized a mountain?climbing activity on April 10, which hundreds of us took part in.
It was a nice day. At 8：00 am, we gathered at the foot of Daqing Mountain and set off for the top in high spirits. All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, enjoying the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. When some fell behind, others would come and offer help. About 2 hours later, we all reached the top. Bathed in sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy.
The activity benefited us a lot. Not only did it get us close to nature and give us relaxation from heavy school work, it also promoted the friendship among us. What a wonderful activity!
假设你是校报英语专栏的一名小记者。你校举办了一场关于地震自救知识的讲座(lecture)。请你用英语为校报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
1．时间及地点；
2．讲座内容及主讲人；
3．参加者；
4．收获或感想。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
This afternoon all the teachers and students in our school attended a lecture about how to survive in an earthquake. The lecture was given by Professor Li from a famous university in the school hall.
In the lecture, Professor Li told us the signs of a coming earthquake and dos and don’ts during and after an earthquake. We all listened and took notes carefully. After the lecture, a video about earthquakes was shown.
We all realized how important it is to know how to stay safe during an earthquake, because even a little knowledge can increase our chances of surviving an earthquake or any other type of disaster.
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单元过关检测(四)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Where is Katie probably now?
A．At home.
B．On her way.
C．In a car shop.
2．What is the woman worried about?
A．Her books.
B．Her friend Lisa.
C．Her new dormitory.
3．Which sport does the man like best?
A．Football.
B．Volleyball.
C．Tennis.
4．What does the man probably want to be?
A．An actor.
B．An athlete.
C．A scientist.
5．Why didn’t Mary sleep well?
A．She had a headache.
B．She had a stomachache.
C．She was troubled by the noise.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where will the woman go for her holiday?
A．Dalian.
B．Lijiang.
C．Dali.
7．How will the woman travel there?
A．By air.
B．By train.
C．By car.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man think of Tina?
A．Lazy.
B．Forgetful.
C．Careless.
9．What happened to the man’s notes?
A．Alice lost them.
B．Tina lost them.
C．Lily lost them.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．Which country will the man travel to?
A．Thailand.
B．Singapore.
C．Laos.
11．What won’t the man do during the trip?
A．Visit old villages.
B．Do some hiking.
C．Take a boat trip.
12．How much will the man pay in all?
A．$2，430.
B．$2，730.
C．$2，830.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．Why does the woman call the man?
A．To ask about a party.
B．To tell him her plans.
C．To invite him to go to see a movie.
14．Why will the man’s brother throw a party?
A．He wants to surprise David.
B．It’s his birthday next Tuesday.
C．It’s David’s birthday next week.
15．What will the woman do this Tuesday?
A．Go to the cinema.
B．Go to a party.
C．Read at home.
16．When will the two speakers meet this Wednesday?
A．At 6：30 pm.
B．At 7：00 pm.
C．At 7：30 pm.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What is The Bookworm?
A．A festival.
B．A café.
C．A club.
18．Who is Peter Hessler?
A．A photographer.
B．A waiter.
C．A writer.
19．What was the speaker excited about?
A．Hearing a famous band play music.
B．Hearing someone give a speech.
C．Finding his favorite magazine.
20．What was the speaker’s mistake?
A．It was the wrong place.
B．It was the wrong year.
C．It was the wrong day.
答案：1－5.BAABC 6－10.BACBC 11－15.BBCAC 16－20.BBCBB
听力材料
(Text 1)
M：Honey, do you know what time Katie will be home?
W：Uh, she should be here any minute. She took the car to pick up something from the bookstore.①
(Text 2)
W：Lisa said she mailed me some books, but they never came.②
M：Well, you just moved into a new dormitory. She probably sent them out before she had your new address.
(Text 3)
M：Do you like playing volleyball?
W：Yes. I often play it with my friends, but my favorite sport is tennis.
M：I love playing tennis, too, but I like football best.③
(Text 4)
W：In the future I hope to be a movie actress.
M：Why do you want to be a movie actress?
W：It’s because I love acting. So what’s your dream?
M：I used to dream of becoming a scientist. Now I’m really interested in running.④
(Text 5)
M：What’s the matter with you, Mary? You looked tired.
W：I didn’t sleep well last night.
M：A stomachache or headache?
W：Neither. It was the noise.⑤ It almost drove me mad.
(Text 6)
M：Hi, Jane. Where are you going this holiday?
W：My family and I had planned to go to Dalian, but recently we changed our minds and decided to go to Lijiang.⑥
M：Ah, that’s great! You know I’ve always dreamed of going to Dali and Lijiang. Will you go by train or by car?
W：Neither. Actually, we’ll fly.⑦ We went to a travel agency last month, and they’ve made all the arrangements. We will set off next Monday.
M：Sounds wonderful. I’m sure you’ll have a good time. I hope you really enjoy yourselves.
W：Thanks. I hope so, too.
(Text 7)
M：Alice, why the long face?
W：I can’t believe it. I lent my new book to Tina last week and this morning she told me she had lost it.
M：I’m sorry to hear that, but I’m not surprised. She often loses things.⑧
W：Have you lent anything to her before?
M：Oh, yes. I lent my notes to her last month and she never returned them to me. She told me she could no longer find them.⑨
W：So you lost your notes?
M：Yes, I had to borrow Lily’s and copy them. Anyway, I won’t lend anything to Tina again.
W：Me neither.
(Text 8)
W：What’s your plan for the summer, Mike?
M：I’m going to visit a country in Southeast Asia.
W：Are you going to Singapore or Thailand? I know those are both popular tourist destinations.
M：No. I’m going to Laos.⑩ I’m really interested in its ancient temples and old villages. I think it’s a good chance for me to learn about the culture and history there.
W：That sounds like a wonderful opportunity. What else do you plan to do there?
M：I think I’ll take a boat trip along a river.
W：How about hiking? There are a lot of mountains there.
M：Probably not. I think that hiking in the mountains will be too tiring.?
W：Are you planning to go there by yourself?
M：No. I’ll travel with a group. It’s much cheaper when traveling with a group of people. This trip costs only $2，430 per person with an extra $300 for meals.?
W：Wow！That’s a really good price, if it covers both transportation and hotels! Well, I’m sure you’ll have a great time.
(Text 9)
W：Hello. Is that Mark?
M：Yes, speaking. Who is that, please?
W：This is Maria. Did you know that the film Cinderella is on this week? Would you like to come and see it with me on Tuesday evening？?
M：Oh, I’d love to, but I’m afraid I can’t. I have to go to my brother’s party this Tuesday.
W：Isn’t your brother’s birthday months away?
M：It’s not a birthday party. His friend David is moving to England. He wants to throw him a surprise party before he leaves.? Do you want to come?
W：But I wasn’t invited.
M：I can take someone with me. You can come if you like.
W：I’d rather not. I really don’t like parties. You know, I’m not good at dealing with strangers. I don’t think I’ll have a good time. I’ll just stay at home and read a book.? By the way, what about going to the movie this Wednesday?
M：Sure! That would be fine. What time does it start?
W：At 7：30 pm. Let’s meet at the café in front of the cinema half an hour before the movie begins.?
M：OK.
(Text 10)
I was walking around Beijing the other day when I saw a sign for The Bookworm. It’s a really cool café that? also has great food, and sometimes they have music and other special events. Well, it just so happened that there was a literary festival going on that featured writers and photographers working in China, and I saw that Peter Hessler was going to be speaking at the festival at 7：30 that very night! Peter Hessler is probably my favorite writer at the moment；? he used to write about China for The New Yorker, a famous American magazine, and he also wrote three books about his experiences living and working in Beijing. His writing is really funny and super clever, and I was so excited to hear him speak that I went right over to The Bookworm, booked a seat at the bar, and waited for him to arrive.? I waited and waited, but he still was a no?show. Finally, at 8：30, I asked one of the staff when he was supposed to be there.“Peter Hessler？”the guy replied.“He’s not supposed to be here tonight. He was here last year, though.”It was then that I realized my mistake. I had come on the right day, just not in the right year！?
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
To: The Manager of Mezzo Mash Restaurant
Dear Sir，
Last Tuesday evening I went with two friends to your restaurant for my 18th birthday. I’d booked the table for eight o’clock and we arrived about ten minutes late, but that was not a problem. The waiter, who was very polite, showed us to our table and we studied the menu. I ordered a fish pie and my friends ordered some salads. However, after about fifteen minutes, the waiter told us that there was no more fish pie. He apologised(道歉) and suggested ordering something else. I looked at the menu again and decided to have the same as my friends—a salad.
When the food came, it was very good. After we’d finished, we decided to order some desserts(餐后甜点). The waiter said that, unluckily, it was too late. There wasn’t enough time for us to order desserts. He said he was very sorry but our table was booked by another group at nine thirty and we would have to leave.
We paid the bill and left feeling very unhappy. It spoilt(毁坏) my birthday. Nobody told us when we arrived that there was a time limit(限制). It was very unsatisfactory and I doubt whether we’ll go to your restaurant again.
Yours faithfully，
Martin Cary
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。一位顾客给餐馆经理写信投诉不愉快的用餐经历。
21．Why did Martin and his friends fail to have any dessert?
A．Someone had booked their table.
B．They had to be home by 9：30.
C．It was too expensive.
D．There was none left.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“There wasn’t enough time...our table was booked by another group at nine thirty and we would have to leave.”可知，Martin用餐的桌子从九点半开始被别人预定了，他和朋友们必须在此之前离开，因此没有时间点甜点。
22．What is Martin Cary trying to do in the letter?
A．Cancel a booking.
B．Offer a suggestion.
C．Ask for information.
D．Express dissatisfaction.
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的“We paid the bill...spoilt(毁坏) my birthday.”以及“It was very unsatisfactory”可知，Martin Cary对自己的用餐经历非常不满，因此他写信是为了向经理投诉自己的不满。
23．What does Martin think about their experience?
A．The food took too long to arrive.
B．They got to the restaurant too late.
C．They won’t visit the restaurant again.
D．There was not much choice on the menu.
C 解析：细节理解题。由最后一段中的“It was very unsatisfactory and I doubt whether we’ll go to your restaurant again.”可知，Martin称他们不会再到该餐馆用餐。
B
Jo Du was being helped into her beautiful white wedding dress this week when a tooth on the zipper(拉链) broke. It was Sunday in Guelph, Ontario, and no tailor(裁缝) shop was open.
Jo Du didn’t want to marry Earl Lee with pins(别针) in the back of her dress. But no one in the wedding party knew how to make the repair.
The best man knocked on a neighbor’s door to ask David Hobson if he might have a pair of scissors they could borrow. Mr. Hobson said, “I’ve got better than tools. I’ve got a tailor.”
David Hobson had a family of Syrian refugees(难民) living in his home for a few days: a mother, a father, and 3 children.
The father of the Syrian family was Ibrahim Halil Dudu. He was a tailor in Syria for 28 years, and as soon as he saw the dress, Ibrahim Dudu got out his sewing(缝) tools and set to work.
“He really sewed her wedding dress back onto her，” Lindsay Coulter, the wedding photographer, told CTV News. “Everyone was so thankful. They said thank you a million times.”
“Every weekend I take photos of people on the happiest days of their lives, and today one man who has seen some of the worst things our world has to offer came to help，” said Lindsay Coulter, who posted photos and wrote on her Facebook page.
“I was so excited and so happy，” Ibrahim Halil Dudu said through a translator. “I like to help Canadian people from my heart.”
Earl Lee called the tailor’s skillful repair, an “unbelievable act of kindness” from a “complete stranger who had only stepped foot in this country days ago.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。加拿大新娘Jo Du的婚纱拉链坏了，邻居介绍了一名来自叙利亚的裁缝，问题轻松解决。
24．What was a big problem for Jo Du?
A．It was not easy for her to find some pins.
B．Her wedding dress had to be repaired soon.
C．She didn’t know where to buy a new zipper.
D．There was something wrong with her scissors.
B 解析：细节理解题。由前两段可知，Jo Du的婚纱拉链坏了，需要赶快修理。
25．How did Hobson help Jo Du?
A．He introduced a tailor to her.
B．He lent a pair of scissors to her.
C．He helped her find the best man.
D．He helped organize her wedding.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“I’ve got better than tools. I’ve got a tailor.”可知，Hobson介绍了一位裁缝，帮了Jo Du的大忙。
26．Who solved Jo Du’s problem in the end?
A．Earl Lee.
B．David Hobson.
C．Ibrahim Dudu.
D．Lindsay Coulter.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第五段中的“and as soon as he saw the dress, Ibrahim Dudu got out his sewing(缝) tools and set to work”可知，Ibrahim Dudu最终帮助Jo Du解决了难题。
27．What can we infer about Lindsay Coulter?
A．She worked as a translator.
B．She felt sorry for the tailor.
C．She was a refugee from Syria.
D．She was a news photographer.
B 解析：推理判断题。由倒数第三段中的“one man who has seen some of the worst things our world has to offer”可知，Lindsay Coulter很同情Ibrahim Halil Dudu的遭遇。
C
Human beings use animals for a lot of purposes, including research. By studying animals, it is possible to learn information that cannot be learned in any other way. Animals are used in research when there is a need to find out what happens in the whole living body. There are four main reasons why animals are used in research.
Adding to scientific knowledge through basic biological research helps us understand how living things work, and use that understanding for the benefit(利益) of both humans and animals. The study of animals is an important part of the whole research process. The bodies of animals are like humans’ in the way that they perform many important functions(功能) such as breathing, movement, sight, and hearing. To treat disease, doctors and scientists must understand how the healthy body works.
Humans and animals share hundreds of illnesses, so animals can act as models for the study of human illness. For example, rabbits suffer from emphysema, a lung problem that makes it hard to catch their breath. Dogs suffer from cancer, bleeding disorders and so on. Cats suffer from some of the same vision loss as humans. From such models we learn how disease affects the body and more.
Once researchers learn more about a particular disease, animals are used to develop and test the treatments. For example, medicines for Parkinson’s disease have been developed by using animal models with Parkinson’s?like symptoms(症状). Models such as these are an important part of using biological research to solve real medical problems.
New medicines need testing because researchers must test both the beneficial and the harmful effects of a medicine on a living body. A medicine must be tested in a suitable animal model before clinical trials(临床试验) in humans can take place.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了利用动物进行医药研究的原因。
28．According to Paragraph 2, why are animals used in research?
A．They may be healthier than humans.
B．Their bodies are simpler than humans’．
C．They may have the same diseases as humans.
D．Their bodies are like humans’ in many functions.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“The bodies of animals are like humans’ in the way that they perform many important functions(功能) such as breathing, movement, sight, and hearing.”可知，动物和人类有相似的身体功能。
29．How does the author support his statement in Paragraph 3?
A．By listing figures.
B．By giving examples.
C．By comparing humans with animals.
D．By showing some research findings.
B 解析：写作手法题。根据第三段的“For example”以及之后所列举的兔子、狗和猫可患疾病可知，作者在本段使用了举例子的写作手法。
30．The author mentions Parkinson’s disease to ________．
A．introduce a new discovery of medicine
B．prove that animals have the same disease
C．explain how to use animals for testing new medicines
D．gather more information about Parkinson’s symptoms
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的“Once researchers learn more about a particular disease, animals are used to develop and test the treatments.”可知，作者以帕金森病为例说明利用动物进行疗法试验。
31．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Tests in animals should be carried out legally.
B．Not all new medicines can be tested in animals.
C．New medicines must be first tested in animal models.
D．Not all medicines have both beneficial and harmful effects.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，新的药物必须在动物身上试验后才可用于人类。
D
Sometimes people make history. George Washington became the first president of the United States and made history. Sometimes wars make history. The two World Wars are examples. Sometimes nature even becomes part of history. Shaking earthquakes are recorded in history books.
Thirteen years ago, nature caused just such a history?making event. In September 2005, Hurricane Katrina came ashore in New Orleans, Louisiana. The deadly storm flooded(淹没) New Orleans. Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country. This natural disaster caused great harm and death.
New Orleans is located(位于) below sea level. This location places it at great risk. Levees were built to protect New Orleans from the ocean. (A levee is like a wall between the city and the ocean.) When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city. Flooding made it necessary for everyone to leave the city. Before Katrina, Creole food (a special kind of cooking only in Louisiana) filled the air with delicious smells. The sound of jazz music traveled through the streets. Now the city has to return to its former glory(辉煌)．
Before Katrina, the U．S. government had never made everyone leave a city. People in New Orleans had to find shelter quickly. Some had to stay at the Superdome Sports Center. Some rode on buses to other towns. Thousands drove their cars to get away from the storm. The roads and shelters filled up fast.
The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature. Being prepared might have kept more people safe. Hurricane Katrina is one of the history?making events that will be remembered forever. Today, history is still being made that will shape the future.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卡特里娜飓风给美国新奥尔良市所造成的改变。
32．What does the author tell us about New Orleans?
A．It was built above sea level.
B．It had few jazz musicians after Katrina.
C．It created a new way to cook after Katrina.
D．It was the first U．S. city that had been flooded.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“Before Katrina, no other big American city had ever flooded in the history of the country.”可知，新奥尔良市是美国第一个被洪水淹没的城市。
33．What can we say about the levees?
A．They were almost useless for fighting Katrina.
B．They helped people leave New Orleans quickly.
C．They made New Orleans a special American city.
D．They should be built to match the size of New Orleans.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的“When Hurricane Katrina came ashore, water moved over the levees into the city.”可知，在对抗卡特里娜飓风的时候，防洪堤几乎没有什么作用。
34．What might the author advise city governments to do?
A．Put up more shelters in the city.
B．Build more levees around the city.
C．Teach people how to avoid floods.
D．Try to get ready for natural disasters.
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段中的“The lesson learned from Katrina was that cities must be better prepared for big storms and other terrible disasters caused by nature.”可知，作者实际上是建议市政府应该努力为预防自然灾害做好准备。
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Katrina Makes History
B．Floods Shape Louisiana
C．Storms Are Dangerous
D．History Must Be Remembered
A 解析：标题归纳题。由文章首段的关键词make history以及下文介绍说明卡特里娜飓风给新奥尔良市所造成的巨大改变可知，A项作标题可以全面概括本文主旨。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Simple Ways to Improve Your Written English
Many people think it is really difficult to improve(提高) their writing in English. Don’t worry, though. Here are some simple steps that you can take to improve your written English.
·Increase your vocabulary.
To express yourself clearly, you need a good active vocabulary. That’s not just being able to know lots of words—it means actually being able to use them correctly.36.________
Tip: When you learn a new word, try to learn all the forms of that word.
·37.________
People often say that we learn to write best by reading. Reading in English is useful in many ways. It is a great way to get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly.
Tip: 38.________ Learning shouldn’t be boring. Read each text several times to make sure you understand how to use new words and expressions in the text.
·Improve your grammar.
Grammar is very important because it improves the quality(质量) of your writing.
Tip: 39.________ The first time, look for general mistakes and the second time look for mistakes with the grammar point you are studying at the moment.
·Just do it!
The best way to improve your writing is to get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions(版本) of each text. 40.________
A．Know your readers.
B．Read widely and often.
C．Always check your writing twice.
D．Remember, practice makes perfect!
E．Choose books or articles that interest you.
F．Use simpler language and shorter sentences to show your ideas.
G．Do this by learning new words with example sentences, not just word lists.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种提高英文写作的简单方法。
36．G 解析：G项中的“learning new words with example sentences”与该空前的“it means actually being able to use them correctly”相呼应。本段是说增加词汇量并不仅仅是知道单词的意思，而是要懂其用法。
37．B 解析：由下文解释的“get an idea of the different styles of writing and see how to use words properly”可知，本段讲阅读对写作的帮助。故选B项。
38．E 解析：由上文的“learn to write best by reading”和该空后的“Learning shouldn’t be boring.”可知，阅读有助于写作，但要选择那些让你感兴趣的书籍或文章。故选E项。
39．C 解析：C项中的“check your writing twice”与该空后的“The first time...general mistakes”和“the second time...mistakes with the grammar point”相呼应。
40．D 解析：由本段小标题“Just do it！”和上文中的“get a pen and paper and write. Be prepared to write several versions(版本) of each text.”可知，想要提高写作就要多动笔写，俗话说得好，熟能生巧。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
After I graduated from college, I tried to find work but with no __41__. No one was interested in me. Finally I found a job in an old people’s home.
It was a(n) __42__ job. Our duty was to feed, dress, and make sure of their __43__. When they lost their mind we __44__ them to control their behavior(行为). It was so hard that I was __45__ not ready for it. In fact, I didn’t look forward to going to __46__ every day.
There was an old man who couldn’t talk and often lost his mind when he was sad. He __47__ walking outside, so the other workers would often have me take him for a __48__ to calm him down.
One day when we were out walking, I suddenly felt something touch my __49__. The old man was trying to hold my hand. Without __50__ it, I took his hand in mine. Then as we turned to return to the home, I __51__ there was a light shining in his eyes, which was full of __52__. At that moment I saw his past __53__ behavior and his sad mind and I saw who he really was. I never realized such small things could __54__ him.
Later, the __55__ helped prepare me for my two sons’ autism(自闭症). It helped me __56__ the light that lay within them as well. I learned that __57__ them was not a duty but an honor and realized that they were __58__ my greatest teachers in how to live and how to love. __59__， we often ignore the lessons they teach. So take care of them with love and __60__ that every child is precious(珍贵的)．
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。护理病人本身是一件令人身心俱疲的工作，但是当你全身心投入给予他们充分的理解、包容和关爱时，他们总会带给你意想不到的收获。
41．A.bravery B．luck
C．direction D．dream
B 解析：根据下文“No one was interested in me.”可知，毕业之后，作者到处应聘，但一无所获，没有人愿意雇用作者。
42．A.exciting B．interesting
C．easy D．difficult
D 解析：根据下文“It was so hard”可知，作者在一家养老院找到一份照顾老人的工作，这份工作很艰辛。
43．A.future B．safety
C．freedom D．progress
B 解析：由下文“When they lost their mind we ________ them to control their behavior(行为)．”可知，作者的主要职责是负责病人的饮食、起居及安全工作。
44．A.wanted B．advised
C．allowed D．helped
D 解析：据上文“When they lost their mind”及下文“to control their behavior(行为)”可知，当这些老人失去理智的时候，作者需要帮助他们控制自己的行为。
45．A.actually B．suddenly
C．finally D．simply
A 解析：根据下文“not ready for it”可知，作者认为自己并没有真正准备好胜任这份工作。
46．A.sleep B．work
C．teach D．change
B 解析：由上文“It was so hard that I was ________ not ready for it.”可知，作者甚至不愿意去上班面对他们。
47．A.finished B．suggested
C．enjoyed D．continued
C 解析：根据下文“so the other workers would often have me take him for a ________ to calm him down”可知，这位老人精神失常时常喜欢散步，所以其他工作人员就安排作者带他出去散步。
48．A.walk B．talk
C．break D．meal
A 解析：参考上题解析。
49．A.face B．head
C．back D．finger
D 解析：由下文“The old man was trying to hold my hand.”可知，一天，当作者陪伴这个老人散步时，突然感觉有东西触碰到自己的手指。
50．A.touching B．refusing
C．giving D．putting
B 解析：由下文“I took his hand in mine”可知，作者没有拒绝这位老人的手。
51．A.found B．hoped
C．knew D．promised
A 解析：根据下文“It helped me ________ the light that lay within them as well.”可知，作者发现这位老人眼里发出光芒。
52．A.sadness B．love
C．anger D．beauty
B 解析：根据下文一直提到的love可知，这位老人眼里闪烁着充满爱意的光芒。
53．A.familiar B．careful
C．troubling D．nervous
C 解析：由下文“and his sad mind”可知，那一刻作者仿佛理解了过去这位老人令人烦恼的行为。
54．A.shock B．persuade
C．move D．upset
C 解析：根据上文“shining in his eyes, which was full of ________”可知，作者牵手的举动让这位老人感动了。
55．A.experience B．friendship
C．attitude D．attention
A 解析：上文描述的是作者的经历，故这次经历为作者后来和患有自闭症的两个儿子相处提供了很大的帮助。
56．A.collect B．expect
C．see D．show
C 解析：根据上文“I ________ there was a light shining in his eyes”可知，作者在自己的儿子身上也看到了光芒。
57．A.worrying about B．picking up
C．waiting for D．caring for
D 解析：由下文“So take care of them with love”可知，作者领悟到照看患有自闭症的儿子不是义务，而是一件深感荣幸的事。
58．A.certainly B．strangely
C．recently D．normally
A 解析：根据下文“my greatest teachers in how to live and how to love”可知，作者认为儿子无疑是自己的老师，他们教给作者学会如何去生活和去爱。
59．A.Besides B．Seriously
C．However D．Naturally
C 解析：由下文“we often ignore the lessons they teach”可知，此处表示转折，但是我们大部分人总是忽视他们所教会我们的东西。
60．A.imagine B．agree
C．reply D．remember
D 解析：作者建议我们关爱这类人并记住每个小孩都是珍贵的。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On September 19, 2017, a deadly earthquake 61.____________(hit) Mexico, killing more than 300 people 62.___________ destroying many buildings in the nation’s capital, Mexico City. In the days that followed, rescue teams went out to search 63.________ people trapped by the earthquake. Among the humans digging through the ruins was a four?legged helper 64.____________ (name) Frida.
Frida, a rescue dog, was named after Mexican painter Frida Kahlo. She is a sniffer dog(嗅探犬) with the Mexican Navy(海军). She is a 65.____________(value) member of her team, often getting into spaces that humans can’t reach. According to the Navy, she has a “sixth sense” for 66.____________(find) humans, and that’s unlike any other dog they’ve ever trained before. 67.____________ is her job to sniff out people trapped by natural disasters. Frida has found 52 people after earthquakes and other disasters in Mexico, Haiti and Ecuador, and 12 of 68.____________(they) were found alive and 69.____________(successful) rescued.
Since the Mexican Navy shared a picture of the rescue dog on the Internet, Frida has been considered a hero. Like the rest of rescue 70.____________(worker), she is a hero to the victims(受害者) and their loved ones.
61．hit 解析：考查一般过去时。由“On September 19, 2017”可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，故填hit。hit在此意为“袭击，殃及”。
62．and 解析：考查连词。设空处连接两个并列的动词?ing形式短语作结果状语，故填and。
63．for 解析：考查介词。search for...意为“搜寻……，寻找……”。
64．named 解析：考查过去分词作定语的用法。此处表示“一位叫Frida的帮手”，name与helper之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填named。
65．valuable 解析：考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，修饰member，由“often getting into spaces that humans can’t reach”可知，此处表示“宝贵的”，故填valuable。
66．finding 解析：考查动词?ing形式作宾语的用法。设空处作介词for的宾语，故填finding。
67．It 解析：考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是“to sniff out people trapped by natural disasters”，故填It。
68．them 解析：考查代词。设空处作宾语，表示“他们”，故填宾格them。
69．successfully 解析：考查副词。设空处作状语修饰过去分词rescued，表示“成功地”，故填successfully。
70．workers 解析：考查名词复数。设空处作宾语，worker是可数名词，由the rest of可知，此处应用名词复数，故填workers。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
For years, I didn’t have the habit for working out. One day last month I decide to start building the habit. Now I’m proudly to say I work out almost every day. Exercise not only gives me more energy throughout the day and also lifts my spirits. I usually exercise in the morning. That way I will get the energy I need it for the rest of the day. Exercise helps me building self?control, which are important for me to build other good habits. Also, I can use my exercise time for learning. I usually listen English programs while work out. It’s a good way to build my knowledges.
答案：
For years, I didn’t have the habit working out. One day last month I to start building the habit. Now I’m to say I work out almost every day. Exercise not only gives me more energy throughout the day also lifts my spirits. I usually exercise in the morning. That way I will get the energy I need for the rest of the day. Exercise helps me self?control, which important for me to build other good habits. Also, I can use my exercise time for learning. I usually listen English programs while / work out. It’s a good way to build my .
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
假定你是李华，你班同学在汶川地震10周年之际参观了北川国家地震遗址博物馆。请你写一封邮件将此事告知你的笔友Alger，内容如下：
1．你们的所见；
2．参加地震逃生演习。
注意：1.词数100左右(开头和落款已给出，不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Alger，
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
One possible version：
Dear Alger，
As you know, a terrible earthquake, Wenchuan earthquake, struck China on May 12, 2008. On the same day ten years later, our class visited Beichuan Earthquake Museum, founded in memory of those killed in Wenchuan earthquake.
In the museum, we saw not only a great many photos of victims but also the ones of the soldiers, doctors, volunteers as well as foreign rescue teams who were risking their lives to save the injured. We also saw some sculptures and models modelled after great people and events. Seeing these, our eyes filled with tears.
Before leaving, we got involved in an earthquake?escaping drill, where we learned some practical ways to escape from an earthquake.
If only there were no earthquake in the world!
Yours，
Li Hua
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