Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero
纳尔逊·曼德拉的一生充满激情，他每天都在为自由而战。他不仅仅是一位伟人，更是一位英雄。
Nelson Mandela, who was the first black president of South Africa, passed away on Dec.5，2013.His death is a great loss(损失) to the whole world.
Nelson Mandela grew up in South Africa with a government that did not consider black people equal(平等的) to white people.But Nelson Mandela was a fighter.He refused to accept this unfair idea of the government and began to fight to make South Africa a fair country for everybody.He became the leader of a political movement called the African National Congress (ANC)，and did everything he could to encourage the government to change their ideas.He was in prison for 27 years.This was a terrible prison where people had
to work hard all day and were treated(对待) very badly.Then in 1990, Nelson Mandela was freed and it was the beginning of the end for the unfair government of South Africa.Less than five years after he was set free, Mr.Mandela was given the Nobel Peace Prize and elected(选举) as the first black president of South Africa.Today, thanks to the brave fight by Nelson Mandela, the government of South Africa has become fairer.Now everyone in South Africa can enjoy comfortable and happy lives at home and at work.Nelson Mandela is one of the world’s true freedom fighters, and his life will be remembered long after the world has forgotten the earlier unfair government of South Africa.
Though dead, he will live in our heart forever.
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
重点单词
写作词汇
1.quality n． 质量；品质；性质
2.mean adj. 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
3.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
4.found vt. 建立；建设
5.principle n． 法则；原则；原理
6.stage n. 舞台；阶段；时期
7.vote vt.&vi. 投票；选举
n. 投票；选票；表决
8.attack vt. 进攻；攻击；抨击
拓展词汇
9.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.积极地→activity n．活动
10.devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的→devotion n．热爱；献身；奉献
11.peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的→peacefully adv.和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦
12.guidance n．指导；领导→guide v．指导；带领
13.hopeful adj.怀有希望的；有希望的→hope n．希望；愿望
14.violence n．暴力；暴行→violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的→violently adv.猛烈地
15.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n．平等；相等→equally adv.同样地；相等地；公平地
16.self n．自我；自身→selfish adj.自私的→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的→selflessly adv.无私地；忘我地
17.legal adj.法律的；依照法律的→illegal adj.(反义词) 非法的；违法的
18.youth n．青年；青年时期→young adj.年轻的
19.lawyer n．律师→law n．法律
20.willing adj.乐意的；自愿的→unwilling adj.不乐意的
阅读词汇
21.warm?hearted adj. 热心肠的
22.easy?going adj. 随和的；温和宽容的
23.republic n. 共和国；共和政体
24.giant adj. 巨大的；庞大的
25.mankind n. 人类
26.league n. 同盟；联盟；联合会
重点短语
1.out of work 失业
2.as a matter of fact 事实上
3.in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
4.turn to 求助于；致力于
5.blow up 使充气；爆炸
6.be grateful for 对……感激
7.die for 为……而死
8.achieve one’s dream 实现梦想
重点句型
1.This is/was a time when...这是一个……时期
However, this was a time when(这是一个……时期) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
2.where引导的定语从句，修饰抽象地点名词stage
The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all_(几乎什么权利都没有的阶段).
3.which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词way并在从句中作主语
We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful(用和平的方式); when this was not allowed...
4.only＋状语置于句首要部分倒装
Only then did we decide to(只有那个时候我们才决定) answer violence with violence.
5.It’s no pleasure doing sth.做某事没有乐趣
It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer(观看这些已经不再是乐趣) because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.
Fast?reading
Skim the text and choose the best answer.
1．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．The life of black workers.
B．The fight between Mandela and the white people.
C．The stories between Mandela and Elias.
D．The education of Elias.
答案：C
2．Match the main idea of each part.
Part 1：Paras. 1－2 A．The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what
Mandela did.
Part 2：Paras. 3－7 B．The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela.
答案：BA
Careful?reading
Read the text and choose the best answer according to the text.
1．Why did Elias have to leave school?
A．He didn’t have a passbook.
B．His home was far from the school.
C．His family couldn’t afford the school fees.
D．He couldn’t read or write.
2．Nelson Mandela opened a black law firm in order to________．
A．make money
B．help the poor black people with their problems
C．make himself famous
D．study law
3．How did Nelson Mandela help Elias keep his job?
A．He talked with Elias’ boss.
B．He helped him get the correct papers.
C．He lent him some money.
D．He asked him to go to court.
4．What dream did Nelson Mandela have?
A．To become the president of South Africa.
B．To win the Nobel Peace Prize.
C．To make black and white people equal.
D．To blow up some government buildings.
答案：1－4.CBBC
Study?reading
Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.
1．The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
[翻译] 第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。
2．However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
[翻译] 然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
3．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work.
[翻译] 不幸的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心自己会失业。
4．We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
[翻译] 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。
①lawyer['l??j?]n.律师
②guidance['ɡaId?ns]n.指导；领导
under the guidance of sb.＝under one’s guidance在某人的指导下
③legal['li?ɡl]adj.法律的；依照法律的
illegal adj.非法的
④be generous with 在……方面慷慨大方
⑤fee[fi?]n.费(会费、学费等)；酬金
⑥fare[fe?]n.费用
⑦passbook['pɑ?s?b?k]n.南非共和国有色人种的身份证
⑧out of work失业
⑨papers['pe?p?z]n.证件
⑩hopeful['h??pfl]adj.怀有希望的；有希望的
?youth[ju?θ]n.青年；青年时期
?league[li?ɡ]n.同盟；联盟；联合会
Youth League青年团
?stage[steId?]n.舞台；阶段；时期
?vote[v??t]vt.& vi.投票；选举 n．投票；选票；表决
?position[p?'z??n]n.状况；地位；位置；职位
position后接定语从句时，若关系词在从句中作状语则用where或in which。
?attack[?'t?k]vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
?allow[?'la?]v.允许；准许
?violence['vaI?l?ns]n.暴力；暴行
?as a matter of fact 事实上
?blow up 使充气；爆炸
put sb. in prison 将某人关进监狱
同义短语：send sb. to prison; throw sb. into prison
achieve[?'t?i?v]vt. 达到；完成
equal['i?kw?l]adj. 相等的；平等的
【核心素养链接·文化采风】
1．曼德拉(Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela)，1918年7月18日出生于南非特兰斯凯，先后获南非大学文学士和威特沃特斯兰德大学律师资格，是南非著名的反种族隔离革命家、政治家和慈善家。1993年，曼德拉被授予诺贝尔和平奖。2004年，曼德拉被选为最伟大的南非人。2013年12月6日，曼德拉在约翰内斯堡住所去世，享年95岁。
2．约翰内斯堡(Johannesburg)，南非第一大城市及第一大港，著名的“黄金之城”，是南非共和国经济、政治、文化、旅游及航运中心，世界著名的国际大都市，拥有人口388.81万，其中半数以上是黑人。
ELIAS’ STORY
My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer①to whom I went for advice．He offered guidance② to poor black people on their legal③problems. He was generous with④ his time, for which I was grateful．
◆when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The time。
◆to whom在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the black lawyer。介词to与从句中的went搭配(go to sb.for advice去某人处寻求建议)。
◆for which在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个句子。介词for与从句中的grateful搭配(be grateful for sth.对某事非常感激)。
I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometres away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees⑤and the bus fare⑥. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook⑦ to live in Johannesburg．Sadly I did not have one because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work⑧.
◆where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The school。
◆“this was a time when...”是常考句式，其中when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers⑨ so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful⑩ about my future.I never forgot how kind Mandela was.When he organized the ANC Youth?League?， I joined it as soon as I could.He said：
◆when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The day。
◆how to get为“特殊疑问词＋动词不定式”结构，在此处作told的直接宾语。
“The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage?where we have almost no rights at all.”
◆本句中“The last thirty years”为无生命名词短语作主语；“have seen the... rights and progress”为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中“stopping our rights and progress”为现在分词短语作宾补；“where we have almost no rights at all”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a stage。
It was the truth.Black people could not vote?or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted.The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people.The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.No one could grow food there.In fact as Nelson Mandela said：
◆in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The parts of town。
◆where在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词The places outside the towns。
“...we were put into a position? in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government．We chose to attack?the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed?...only then did we decide to answer violence?with violence.”
◆in which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a position，其中“either...or...”连接了两个不定式短语to accept...和(to) fight the government。
◆which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a way。
◆此处“only＋状语”位于句首，句子用了部分倒装结构；“only＋状语从句”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。
As a matter of fact?， I do not like violence ...but in 1963 I helped him blow up?some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison.But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieveour dream of making black and white people equal.
◆because在此引导原因状语从句，原因状语从句中含有if引导的条件状语从句。
伊莱亚斯的故事
我叫伊莱亚斯，是南非的一个穷苦黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁。那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求建议的那位黑人律师。他在法律问题上给贫苦的黑人提供指导。他不吝惜时间，我对此非常感激。
我需要他的帮助，因为我只受过很少的教育。我六岁开始上学，我仅仅读了两年的那所学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我家无法继续支付学费和车费。我既读不好也写不好。几经周折，我才在一家金矿上找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。不幸的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心自己会失业。
纳尔逊·曼德拉帮助我的那天是我最高兴的日子之一。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来更加充满了希望。我永远忘不了曼德拉是多么和善。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：
“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”
这是事实。黑人没有选举权，也无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们在城里不得不居住的地方是由白人决定的。他们被打发去城外居住的地方是南非最贫穷的地区。没有人能在那儿种庄稼。事实上，正如纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：
“……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来打破法律，当这种方式得不到允许时……只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的，因为如果被抓住了，我可能要坐牢。但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现使黑人和白人平等的梦想。
阅读理解
A
Thomas Edison was born in 1847 in Ohio.People around found little Edison very bright because he often took things apart to see how they worked.
In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention, a telegraphic(电报的) repeater that could send messages over a second line. At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first patent(专利) for it.The next year he designed an improved stock ticker, a kind of electronic communications medium, and then set up a company to produce it. In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.
Edison built his first laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey when he was 30 years old.They often had several projects going at once, and it wasn’t long before they started producing one invention after another, including such revolutionary inventions as the phonograph and the electric light.
The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination, and his ability to inspire his assistants’ devotion by working so hard along with them and relaxing with them.The lab even had a pipe organ, a kind of musical instrument.After a long day of work, he would play the pipe organ while he and his assistants would sing along.The people who worked with him during those years would often say that those were the happiest days of their lives.
Edison’s goal was to create a small invention every ten days and a big invention every six months.Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.
Eventually the lab at Menlo Park couldn’t contain all of the work that he wanted to do, so Edison built a new laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey.Then he could undertake more projects with greater resources than had ever been possible before.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了爱迪生的部分发明成果及实验室。
1．What’s the RIGHT time order for Edison’s inventions mentioned in this passage?
A．A telegraphic repeater—a phonograph—an electrical vote recorder.
B．An electrical vote recorder—a phonograph—a quadruplex telegraph.
C．A quadruplex telegraph—an electrical vote recorder—a phonograph.
D．A telegraphic repeater—an electrical vote recorder—a quadruplex telegraph.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention...got his first patent(专利) for it.及In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.可知，a telegraphic repeater是在19世纪60年代早期发明的，an electrical vote recorder是1868年发明的，a quadruplex telegraph是1874年发明的，故可推出时间顺序。
2．Edison set up a company at 22 to________.
A．sell his unique artwork
B．sell experimental materials
C．produce an electrical vote recorder
D．produce an improved stock ticker
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first...and then set up a company to produce it.可知，爱迪生成立公司是为了生产一种改进的stock ticker。
3．What did Edison use the money from his inventions for?
A．Helping the poor.
B．Traveling to Europe.
C．Building many schools.
D．Continuing his invention work.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.可知，Edison靠发明赚钱只是为了维持其发明工作。
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Edison was a talented and determined person.
B．Edison got his first patent because of the electric light.
C．Edison’s first laboratory was in West Orange, New Jersey.
D．Edison showed no interest in inventing things in his childhood.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第四段的The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination...可推断，爱迪生是一个有才能并且很坚定的人。
B
Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.There are different kinds of tea including green tea and black tea.A cup of tea has become a part of our daily lives and our culture.Earlier, tea used to be made in large pots.Hot water was poured over a bunch of tea leaves even to make a single cup.It is believed that this led to waste of tea and that is where the story of the teabag comes in.
It is more convenient and easier to use a teabag than to brew(沏) fresh tea leaves every time you want to make a cup of tea.With the help of teabags, tea was made available in places like offices and airplanes.In order to make tea taste good, you need to remove the dried leaves after brewing.With teabags, you can brew a great cup of tea without a tea strainer.
“Who invented the teabag？”has been a question for a very long time.There are some interesting stories about this question, but the most popular one is of a New York tea businessman, Thomas Sullivan.In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.A few of his customers thought that these bags were to be dipped(浸) in water to brew tea and so they did not empty out the tea.Sullivan did not realize this till the time he started receiving complaints from customers about the orders not being sent in bags.Then he started producing teabags and because of silk being too expensive he later used gauze(纱布)．
The popular Sullivan story lacks evidence.Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.Teabags have managed to make our lives so much easier.By the 1920s, teabags had successfully become the new way of drinking.It brought about a great change in our habit of drinking tea.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了茶包的发明过程。
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．It is a waste of time to brew tea in pots.
B．The teabag was produced to replace traditional tea.
C．Tea is second only to water as a popular drink.
D．Green tea and black tea are most popular among all kinds of tea.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.可知，茶是世界上仅次于水的第二大饮料。
6．What advantage does the teabag have according to Paragraph 2?
A．It is easier to use.
B．It saves more space.
C．It makes the tea taste better.
D．It provides more choices for people.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，茶包的主要特点是方便人们使用。
7．What can we learn about Thomas Sullivan from the passage?
A．He was a popular tea businessman in England.
B．He taught his customers to use teabags.
C．He used silk to make teabags at first.
D．He liked drinking tea very much.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.可知，一开始他使用丝绸制作茶包。
8．What does the author mean by the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A．The story has not been proven to be true.
B．The story cannot explain all the truth.
C．The story is hardly accepted by experts.
D．The story provides evidence of the teabag’s history.
A 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句后面的Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.可知，茶包由Thomas Sullivan发明的这个故事版本还没有得到证实。
完形填空
The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their__1__．My parents were __2__ them.It was 1935 when I was 10 years old.We still __3__ on relief(救济)．
A few days before Christmas, I was washing the __4__ after dinner when I looked out of a kitchen window and saw my father sitting on the stoop(门廊), wearing a(n) __5__ face.A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.
I heard my father say that he had __6__ his food vouchers(票券) and that the __7__ had gone beyond the time limit.He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he __8__ because he wasn’t a very __9__ man.The work was too hard for him.I was __10__， having seen newspaper pictures of people being __11__ out of the apartments with all their belongings.“How much do you need？” the mailman asked __12__．My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.Without thinking twice, the mailman took out $50 from his wallet and __13__ it to my father.My dad said, “I don’t know when I’ll be able to pay you back.” The mailman put an arm around my father and __14__ him by saying, “Things will not be this way __15__．It doesn’t matter __16__ you will pay me back.”
The mailman __17__ me looking through the window and said, “There will be times in the future when someone __18__ your help.I hope you and your son __19__ today.Help them in your own __20__ and tell them what happened today.This will be my payback.Merry Christmas！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。美国大萧条时期，作者一家靠救济生活。有一天，父亲正在发愁时，一位邮递员无私的资助使他们得以摆脱困境。
1．A.skills B．jobs
C．families D．houses
B 解析：根据上文的The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their...可知，经济大萧条时期很多人失去了“工作”。
2．A.for B．against
C．among D．between
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的父母也在失业大军“当中”。
3．A.lived B．decided
C．researched D．worked
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者一家靠救济“生活”。
4．A.shoes B．dishes
C．socks D．feet
B 解析：根据下文的after dinner以及kitchen可知，作者晚饭后正在厨房洗“碗碟”。
5．A.angry B．curious
C．confused D．anxious
D 解析：根据下文的A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.可知，父亲脸色应该是“忧虑的”。
6．A.given out B．used up
C．carried away D．searched for
B 解析：根据上下文对一家人生活状况的描述可知，父亲告诉邮递员他的食物票券已经“用完”了。
7．A.report B．homework
C．rent D．check
C 解析：根据下文的My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.可知，这里指“房租”逾期。
8．A.agreed B．failed
C．promised D．regretted
B 解析：根据上文的He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he...可知，父亲尝试通过这个组织找苦力活，可是他“失败”了。
9．A.strong B．clever
C．helpful D．creative
A 解析：根据上文的as a laborer以及下文的The work was too hard for him.可知，因为父亲不是一个非常“强壮的”人。
10．A.scared B．puzzled
C．lonely D．surprised
A 解析：根据下文的...having seen newspaper pictures of people being...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，作者想象自己一家也会像报纸上描写的一样被赶出来，所以很“害怕”那种情况的发生。
11．A.taken B．figured
C．picked D．kicked
D 解析：根据下文的...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，没钱付租金很可能就会被“赶”出住所。kick sb.out of a place意为“将某人赶出某地”。
12．A.softly B．impatiently
C．excitedly D．slyly
A 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“温和地”问：“你需要多少钱？”
13．A.returned B．pointed
C．showed D．handed
D 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员毫不犹豫地从钱包里拿出50美元并将钱“递”给父亲。
14．A.punished B．questioned
C．criticized D．encouraged
D 解析：根据下文邮递员所说的话可知，那位邮递员搂着父亲并“鼓励”他。
15．A.soon B．forever
C．completely D．finally
B 解析：根据语境可知，眼前的艰难状况不会“永远”延续下去的。
16．A.how B．whether
C．unless D．until
B 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员说：“你还不还钱都没关系。”这里是whether引导的主语从句。
17．A.stopped B．kept
C．noticed D．suggested
C 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“注意到”我一直从窗口看着他们。
18．A.refuses B．supports
C．expects D．receives
C 解析：根据语境可知，将来会有一天别人也“期待”你的帮助。
19．A.remember B．miss
C．share D．record
A 解析：根据语境可知，我希望你和你儿子“记得”今天。
20．A.mind B．interest
C．time D．way
D 解析：根据语境可知，用你们自己的“方式”帮助他们并告诉他们今天发生的一切，就相当于还了这笔钱了。
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅰ Warming Up & Reading—Comprehending
阅读理解
A
Thomas Edison was born in 1847 in Ohio.People around found little Edison very bright because he often took things apart to see how they worked.
In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention, a telegraphic (电报的) repeater that could send messages over a second line. At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first patent(专利) for it.The next year he designed an improved stock ticker, a kind of electronic communications medium, and then set up a company to produce it. In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.
Edison built his first laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey when he was 30 years old.They often had several projects going at once, and it wasn’t long before they started producing one invention after another, including such revolutionary inventions as the phonograph and the electric light.
The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination, and his ability to inspire his assistants’ devotion by working so hard along with them and relaxing with them.The lab even had a pipe organ, a kind of musical instrument.After a long day of work, he would play the pipe organ while he and his assistants would sing along.The people who worked with him during those years would often say that those were the happiest days of their lives.
Edison’s goal was to create a small invention every ten days and a big invention every six months.Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.
Eventually the lab at Menlo Park couldn’t contain all of the work that he wanted to do, so Edison built a new laboratory complex in West Orange, New Jersey.Then he could undertake more projects with greater resources than had ever been possible before.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了爱迪生的部分发明成果及实验室。
1．What’s the RIGHT time order for Edison’s inventions mentioned in this passage?
A．A telegraphic repeater—a phonograph—an electrical vote recorder.
B．An electrical vote recorder—a phonograph—a quadruplex telegraph.
C．A quadruplex telegraph—an electrical vote recorder—a phonograph.
D．A telegraphic repeater—an electrical vote recorder—a quadruplex telegraph.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的In the early 1860s, he created his first important invention...got his first patent(专利) for it.及In 1874, he invented the quadruplex telegraph, a type of electrical telegraph.可知，a telegraphic repeater是在19世纪60年代早期发明的，an electrical vote recorder是1868年发明的，a quadruplex telegraph是1874年发明的，故可推出时间顺序。
2．Edison set up a company at 22 to________.
A．sell his unique artwork
B．sell experimental materials
C．produce an electrical vote recorder
D．produce an improved stock ticker
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的At 21, he invented an electrical vote recorder and got his first...and then set up a company to produce it.可知，爱迪生成立公司是为了生产一种改进的stock ticker。
3．What did Edison use the money from his inventions for?
A．Helping the poor.
B．Traveling to Europe.
C．Building many schools.
D．Continuing his invention work.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段的Edison once said, “I always invented to gain money to go on inventing”， so the money wasn’t really the goal for him.The money was used to make sure that he could continue his work.可知，Edison靠发明赚钱只是为了维持其发明工作。
4．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Edison was a talented and determined person.
B．Edison got his first patent because of the electric light.
C．Edison’s first laboratory was in West Orange, New Jersey.
D．Edison showed no interest in inventing things in his childhood.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第四段的The lab was successful because of Edison’s inventive talent, his strong determination...可推断，爱迪生是一个有才能并且很坚定的人。
B
Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.There are different kinds of tea including green tea and black tea.A cup of tea has become a part of our daily lives and our culture.Earlier, tea used to be made in large pots.Hot water was poured over a bunch of tea leaves even to make a single cup.It is believed that this led to waste of tea and that is where the story of the teabag comes in.
It is more convenient and easier to use a teabag than to brew(沏) fresh tea leaves every time you want to make a cup of tea.With the help of teabags, tea was made available in places like offices and airplanes.In order to make tea taste good, you need to remove the dried leaves after brewing.With teabags, you can brew a great cup of tea without a tea strainer.
“Who invented the teabag？”has been a question for a very long time.There are some interesting stories about this question, but the most popular one is of a New York tea businessman, Thomas Sullivan.In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.A few of his customers thought that these bags were to be dipped(浸) in water to brew tea and so they did not empty out the tea.Sullivan did not realize this till the time he started receiving complaints from customers about the orders not being sent in bags.Then he started producing teabags and because of silk being too expensive he later used gauze(纱布)．
The popular Sullivan story lacks evidence.Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.Teabags have managed to make our lives so much easier.By the 1920s, teabags had successfully become the new way of drinking.It brought about a great change in our habit of drinking tea.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了茶包的发明过程。
5．What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A．It is a waste of time to brew tea in pots.
B．The teabag was produced to replace traditional tea.
C．Tea is second only to water as a popular drink.
D．Green tea and black tea are most popular among all kinds of tea.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的Tea is the second most popular drink in the world after water.可知，茶是世界上仅次于水的第二大饮料。
6．What advantage does the teabag have according to Paragraph 2?
A．It is easier to use.
B．It saves more space.
C．It makes the tea taste better.
D．It provides more choices for people.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，茶包的主要特点是方便人们使用。
7．What can we learn about Thomas Sullivan from the passage?
A．He was a popular tea businessman in England.
B．He taught his customers to use teabags.
C．He used silk to make teabags at first.
D．He liked drinking tea very much.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的In 1908, he sent samples of tea to his customers in small silk bags.可知，一开始他使用丝绸制作茶包。
8．What does the author mean by the underlined part in the last paragraph?
A．The story has not been proven to be true.
B．The story cannot explain all the truth.
C．The story is hardly accepted by experts.
D．The story provides evidence of the teabag’s history.
A 解析：句意理解题。根据画线句后面的Whatever the truth may be, we will be ever so thankful to whoever came up with this wonderful product.可知，茶包由Thomas Sullivan发明的这个故事版本还没有得到证实。
完形填空
The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their__1__．My parents were __2__ them.It was 1935 when I was 10 years old.We still __3__ on relief(救济)．
A few days before Christmas, I was washing the __4__ after dinner when I looked out of a kitchen window and saw my father sitting on the stoop(门廊), wearing a(n) __5__ face.A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.
I heard my father say that he had __6__ his food vouchers(票券) and that the __7__ had gone beyond the time limit.He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he __8__ because he wasn’t a very __9__ man.The work was too hard for him.I was __10__， having seen newspaper pictures of people being __11__ out of the apartments with all their belongings.“How much do you need？” the mailman asked __12__．My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.Without thinking twice, the mailman took out $50 from his wallet and __13__ it to my father.My dad said, “I don’t know when I’ll be able to pay you back.” The mailman put an arm around my father and __14__ him by saying, “Things will not be this way __15__．It doesn’t matter __16__ you will pay me back.”
The mailman __17__ me looking through the window and said, “There will be times in the future when someone __18__ your help.I hope you and your son __19__ today.Help them in your own __20__ and tell them what happened today.This will be my payback.Merry Christmas！”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。美国大萧条时期，作者一家靠救济生活。有一天，父亲正在发愁时，一位邮递员无私的资助使他们得以摆脱困境。
1．A.skills B．jobs
C．families D．houses
B 解析：根据上文的The Great Depression started in 1929 and lasted until about 1939.During that time, many people lost their...可知，经济大萧条时期很多人失去了“工作”。
2．A.for B．against
C．among D．between
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的父母也在失业大军“当中”。
3．A.lived B．decided
C．researched D．worked
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者一家靠救济“生活”。
4．A.shoes B．dishes
C．socks D．feet
B 解析：根据下文的after dinner以及kitchen可知，作者晚饭后正在厨房洗“碗碟”。
5．A.angry B．curious
C．confused D．anxious
D 解析：根据下文的A mailman saw him and asked him what was wrong.可知，父亲脸色应该是“忧虑的”。
6．A.given out B．used up
C．carried away D．searched for
B 解析：根据上下文对一家人生活状况的描述可知，父亲告诉邮递员他的食物票券已经“用完”了。
7．A.report B．homework
C．rent D．check
C 解析：根据下文的My dad said he needed $33 for the rent.可知，这里指“房租”逾期。
8．A.agreed B．failed
C．promised D．regretted
B 解析：根据上文的He had tried to work as a laborer through the Works Progress Administration, but he...可知，父亲尝试通过这个组织找苦力活，可是他“失败”了。
9．A.strong B．clever
C．helpful D．creative
A 解析：根据上文的as a laborer以及下文的The work was too hard for him.可知，因为父亲不是一个非常“强壮的”人。
10．A.scared B．puzzled
C．lonely D．surprised
A 解析：根据下文的...having seen newspaper pictures of people being...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，作者想象自己一家也会像报纸上描写的一样被赶出来，所以很“害怕”那种情况的发生。
11．A.taken B．figured
C．picked D．kicked
D 解析：根据下文的...out of the apartments with all their belongings.可知，没钱付租金很可能就会被“赶”出住所。kick sb.out of a place意为“将某人赶出某地”。
12．A.softly B．impatiently
C．excitedly D．slyly
A 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“温和地”问：“你需要多少钱？”
13．A.returned B．pointed
C．showed D．handed
D 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员毫不犹豫地从钱包里拿出50美元并将钱“递”给父亲。
14．A.punished B．questioned
C．criticized D．encouraged
D 解析：根据下文邮递员所说的话可知，那位邮递员搂着父亲并“鼓励”他。
15．A.soon B．forever
C．completely D．finally
B 解析：根据语境可知，眼前的艰难状况不会“永远”延续下去的。
16．A.how B．whether
C．unless D．until
B 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员说：“你还不还钱都没关系。”这里是whether引导的主语从句。
17．A.stopped B．kept
C．noticed D．suggested
C 解析：根据语境可知，那位邮递员“注意到”我一直从窗口看着他们。
18．A.refuses B．supports
C．expects D．receives
C 解析：根据语境可知，将来会有一天别人也“期待”你的帮助。
19．A.remember B．miss
C．share D．record
A 解析：根据语境可知，我希望你和你儿子“记得”今天。
20．A.mind B．interest
C．time D．way
D 解析：根据语境可知，用你们自己的“方式”帮助他们并告诉他们今天发生的一切，就相当于还了这笔钱了。
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
品句填词
1．I thought it was really mean of him not to let Jane use his car.
2．All people are equal, having the same rights as each other.
3．She left a lot of money in her will to found a school.
4．Don’t worry about the baby not wanting to leave you—it’s a stage they all go through.
5．You may wish to get legal(法律的) advice before solving the problem.
6．Professor Li always encourages students to take a(n) active(积极的) part in discussions.
7．He is popular with his friends because he is always willing(愿意的) to help them when they are in trouble.
8．Bill is a generous(慷慨的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster?hit area.
9．He said that he would devote(致力于) all his life to educating children.
10．Great people have lots of good qualities(品德), such as honesty, selflessness and independence.
11．We must follow the principle(原则) that education should be fair to everyone.
12．It does serious harm to children’s character that too much violence(暴力) is shown on television.
13．In the past, the black people in the USA had no right to vote(选举)．
14．It is hopeful(有希望的) that we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
15．A lawyer(律师) is a person who can give others guidance about legal problems.
单句改错
1．Over one in four unemployed people have now been out of the work for over a year.去掉the
2．A worker was killed when his car blows up.blows→blew
3．We first broke the law in a way in which was peaceful.去掉第二个in
4．The school that I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.that→where
5．The old man was kind to me, to which I was grateful.第二个to→for
6．You should do as you are told or you will in trouble.在will后加be
课文语法填空
Elias was born in 1940 and had little education because his family was poor. He first met Mandela in 1952 when he was 1.a poor black worker in a gold mine in South Africa.Mandela helped him get the correct papers, which allowed him to stay in Johannesburg. Elias was grateful 2.to Mandela. When Mandela 3.organized(organize) the ANC Youth League, he joined it as soon as possible.
As Mandela once said, black people had reached a stage 4.where they had almost no rights at all.They couldn’t vote or choose their 5.leaders(lead)．They lived in the poorest parts of South Africa. Black people first broke the law in a 6.peaceful(peace) way, but it was useless. As a result, Mandela called on black people 7.to fight(fight) for their equal rights and answer violence with violence.
8.Actually(actual), Elias didn’t like violence. But in 1963, he helped Mandela blow up some government buildings. Although Elias was 9.frightened(frighten) to be caught and put in prison, he was happy to help because he knew it would help them achieve their dream of 10.making(make) black people and white people equal.
单句语法填空
1．Mr Zhang asked us to be well prepared before attending the class and take an active(act) part in discussions.
2．People in that village are hopeful(hope) about getting through this long winter though their food is running out.
3．Mary is so selfish(self) that few of us are willing to make friends with her.
4．Devoted(devote) to the cause of education, she didn’t get married in her whole life.
5．Our goal is to create a peaceful(peace) community with shared future for mankind.
6．I was looking forward to working under her expert guidance(guide)．
7．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected.
8．Founded(found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years.
9．Our hometown has seen(see) a lot of changes in recent years.
10．I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
阅读理解
A
Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.
Searching for methods to quit smoking on the Internet is like searching for weight loss tips—there are thousands of different ways that are said to be the best, but not all are right for you.One approach that did draw my interest was apps.Along with cigarettes(烟), my phone was the only other thing I couldn’t leave my apartment without.
There are hundreds of apps for quitting smoking.I downloaded an app called QuitIt because it was said to be good. It was free and didn’t cost much time as some others. You input the amount of cigarettes you smoke, the cost per pack and the time you decide to quit smoking. The app does the maths and then gives you information based on the information given by you. It tracks the amount of time since you decided to quit, the money you’ve saved, and the danger you’ve avoided. The app also includes a number of health goals.
Quitting smoking was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do. Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick and I felt terrible, but the most difficult part was the empty feeling I was left with.Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.If I wanted to smoke while I was on the computer, I’d immediately go to stopsmoking to read a success story, or to offer support to someone else having a harder time than me.
I quit smoking 1 year 2 months and 27 days ago.I did not smoke 6, 771 cigarettes and saved $4, 062.84.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者想要戒烟，后来利用一个手机应用软件成功地戒了烟。
1．What did the author realize when suffering the terrible headache?
A．He should turn to an app.
B．He should go to see a doctor.
C．It was time to make a new plan.
D．It was about time that he quit smoking.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.可知，作者意识到是时候戒烟了。
2．What does the underlined word “approach” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Method. B．Result.
C．Place. D．Suggestion.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的Searching for methods to quit smoking可知，这里是指一种利用app戒烟的“方法”。
3．It’s implied in Paragraph 4 that QuitIt________.
A．played a big role in the author’s quitting smoking
B．made the author’s time much harder
C．was questioned by many people
D．could be used on the computer
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick...Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.可知，这个app在作者的戒烟过程中起着很重要的作用。
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To show us the harm of smoking.
B．To encourage readers to use an app.
C．To explain why he chose to quit smoking.
D．To tell us how he managed to quit smoking.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要讲述的是自己是如何成功戒烟的。
B
Nelson Mandela was a figure(人物) of international fame, and many details of his life and career were public knowledge. But here are some things you may not have known about him.
In his youth, Mandela enjoyed boxing. Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning. “I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. Boxing is equal. I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training，” he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. In the Mandela Family Museum, visitors can find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard.
When Mandela was nine years old, a teacher at his primary school gave him an English name “Nelson”， which is a custom to give all school children Christian names. Rolihlahla is his original name but it’s not a common name in South Africa. It means “troublemaker”. In South Africa, Mr Mandela was often called by his clan(宗族) name “Madiba”， which South Africans used out of respect.
A fake passport in the name of David Motsamayi was used by Mr Mandela. He had changed his appearance and pretended(假装) to be a driver, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities.
Mr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939, failing about half the courses he took. In August 1952, he and Oliver Tambo set up South Africa’s first black law firm in Johannesburg. He persevered(坚持不懈) to finally get a law degree while in prison in 1989.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物传记。曼德拉是一位国际知名人物，他的生活和事业的许多细节都为公众所知。但本文讲了他一些鲜为人知的事情：他是个拳击迷，还有一个法律公司。
5．Nelson Mandela became a boxing fan because________.
A．he enjoyed the violence of boxing
B．he wanted to take the championship
C．he desired to enjoy the training
D．he hoped to find a better job
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. Boxing is equal. I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training可知，他因为渴望得到训练才迷恋上拳击的。故选C项。
6．Which of the following is TRUE about Mandela’s name?
A．His original name was not Nelson.
B．His parents gave him the name “Nelson”．
C．Rolihlahla is a popular name in South Africa.
D．Madiba was his Christian name.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的When Mandela was nine years old, a teacher at his primary school gave him an English name “Nelson”， which is a custom to give all school children Christian names. Rolihlahla is his original name可知，他的原名并不是Nelson。故选A项。
7.The underlined word “fake” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”．
A．not clear B．not real
C．not accessible D．not available
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第四段的He had changed his appearance and pretended(假装) to be a driver, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities.可知，他的名字及外表都进行了改变，所以护照是假的。故选B项。
8．From the last paragraph, we can infer that________.
A．it took Mr Mandela over fifty years to get a law degree
B．black people are not allowed to set up law firms
C．one can’t get a law degree if he/she has been put into prison
D．Mr Mandela was a determined person
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，他花了50年的时间学习法律，并坚持不懈地去争取获得学位。由此可知他是一个意志很坚定的人。故选D项。
七选五
Memorizing an essay is a great way to pass tests and increase your overall knowledge. 1.____
Here are some techniques to help you memorize an essay easily.
2．________Start early when you need to memorize something.Give yourself one day for every paragraph or page. Master one section each day. Once you have memorized two sections separately, try putting them together.Then you will find memorizing the whole essay is not so hard.
Read the essay out loud to start learning it. Reading the essay out loud is important because it forces you to read and speak every single word in the essay.3.________
Test yourself after reading. After you have studied the text for a while, put it down, and recite(背诵) as much as you can from memory. At first, you may not remember much, but every time you practise, you will recall more and more. 4.________If you miss a word or forget a line, he can prompt(提示) you by telling you the next word or two.
Start from the end if going from the beginning is not working.5.______Begin by memorizing the last sentence or paragraph, and then move back to the sentence or paragraph right before that one.
A．Memorize a little bit each day.
B．This will help you remember it.
C．Try writing out the essay once or twice.
D．Sometimes you may find it easier to start from the end.
E．However, many students find it difficult to memorize an essay.
F．In addition, find a partner to test you on what you’ve memorized.
G．Memorizing something in one session is not the most effective way to learn it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何背诵一篇文章。
1．E 解析：此空设于段尾，与前一句形成逻辑上的转折关系。本空前一句介绍了背诵文章的重要性，而下文提到了几个背诵文章的技巧，故此处需要一个承上启下的句子。此句意为：然而，很多学生发现背诵一篇文章很难。
2．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要是讲将文章分为几部分，然后每天背诵一部分，后文都是围绕此句展开说明的。
3．B 解析：此空设于段尾，是本段的总结句。本段主要是讲大声朗读文章，且空前提出了大声朗读文章的原因，此句进一步总结大声朗读文章的作用。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与后一句存在逻辑上的指代关系。后文中的he指代的是本句中的partner。
5．D 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说如果从开头背诵不起作用的话就从结尾开始，此句进一步解释，有时候你会发现从结尾背诵更容易。
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅱ Warming Up & Reading—Language Points
quality n．质量；品质；性质
(教材P33)And what qualities does a great person have?
而且一个伟人需要具有什么样的品质呢？
of good/high/poor quality 质量好/高/差的
improve the quality 提高质量
①He has many good qualities, but his best quality is his kindness.
他有许多良好的品质，而最好的品质是为人善良。
②As a matter of fact, air in many cities is of poor quality.
事实上，许多城市的空气质量很差。
[链接写作]——完成句子
据报道，这个城市的空气质量在过去的六个月有了改善。As is reported, the air quality in the city has improved over the past six months.
mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的
vt.意指；意思是
(经典例句)Don’t be too mean to others, or you’ll never make any friends.
不要对别人太刻薄，否则你交不到朋友。
(1)be mean with sth. 对某物吝啬
be mean to sb. 对某人刻薄
(2)mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
①In my opinion, that is a mean thing to do.
依我看来，那是一件很卑鄙的事情。
②The rich boss who is usually mean to his workers is mean with money.
那位富有的老板通常对他的工人很刻薄，对钱非常吝啬。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①She is very generous with her time, but mean with money.
②I’m terribly sorry, but I didn’t mean to upset(upset) your plan.
③Missing the train means waiting(wait) for another hour.
devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于
(教材P33)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.
伟人是把自己的一生致力于帮助别人的人。
(1)devote...to... 把……奉献给；把……专注于
devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
(2)devoted adj. 深爱的；忠诚的
be devoted to 专心于；致力于
(3)devotion n. 关爱；奉献
①He devoted all his spare time to helping his students with their English.
他把所有的业余时间都用来帮助他的学生学习英语。
②As we all know, he’s a generous, devoted, active and warm?hearted man.
众所周知，他是一个慷慨大方、忠诚、积极又热心的人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①I don’t think we should devote any more time to persuading(persuade) such a stubborn man to change his mind.
②You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted(devote) to your work.
③He is so devoted to his English teaching that I admire him for his devotion．(devote)
[链接写作]——句式升级
(普通表达)The young lady devotes herself to teaching the deaf children, so she has little time to care for her own daughter.
④(高级表达)Devoting herself to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词短语作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Devoted to teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词短语作状语)
found vt.建立；建设
(教材P33)He founded the first Republic in China in 1912 after many years’ fighting.
经过多年的斗争之后，他在1912年建立了中国第一个共和国。
过去式 过去分词 意义
found founded founded 建立
find found found 发现，找到
As is reported, it is more than 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
据报道，清华大学建立100多年了。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①After the new country was founded(found), the poor man finally found his family.
②Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
vote vt.& vi.投票；选举 n．投票； 选票；表决
(教材P34)Black people could not vote or choose their leaders.
黑人没有选举权，也无权选择他们的领导人。
(1)vote for 投票支持
vote against 投票反对
(2)vote on 投票表决
vote to do sth. 表决做某事
①As we can’t agree on this matter, let’s have a vote on it.
对于这个问题我们无法达成一致意见，投票表决吧。
②Whether you vote for or against the plan doesn’t seem to matter very much.
你是赞成还是反对这项计划看上去似乎不重要。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Our family vote to turn(turn) to the lawyer for help.
②All of us vote for building more shelters for the homeless and the poor.
attack vt.&n.进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害
(教材P34)We chose to attack the laws.
我们选择向法律进攻。
(1)under attack 遭到攻击
make an attack 攻击
a heart attack 心脏病突发
(2)attack sb. 攻击/抨击某人
be attacked with 患……
①The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday.
这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。
②The judge said that it was not legal to attack other people with violence.
法官说用暴力攻击别人是不合法的。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Hearing her mother was attacked(attack) with cancer, the girl burst out crying.
②This is the third time in one month that the town has been under attack.
equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的
vt.比得上；敌得过 n．平等的人
(教材P34)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. 但我乐于帮忙，因为我知道这将帮助我们实现黑人和白人平等的梦想。
(1)be equal to 等于
be equal to sth./doing sth.
＝be fit for sth./doing sth. 胜任(做)某事
(2)A equals B in sth. A在某方面比得上B
(3)without equal 无人可比，无敌
(4)equally adv. 同样地；平等地
①Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories. 在你阅读的时候，曲折离奇的故事结尾带来的喜悦是无与伦比的。
②Beethoven was a world?famous musician, who had no equal in music.
贝多芬是世界著名的音乐家，在音乐方面无人能比。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①As far as I’m concerned, men and women must be treated equally(equal) in education.
②I don’t think he is equal to doing(do) this kind of work.
[链接写作]——一句多译
尽管年轻，但是约翰却能胜任这项重要的工作。
③Young as he was, John was equal to the important task.(equal)
④Although he was young, John was fit for the important task.(fit)
in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
(教材P35)Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.
当纳尔逊·曼德拉处于困境时，伊莱亚斯去看望了他。
ask for trouble 自找麻烦；自寻烦恼
get into trouble 陷入困境
have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事
①Although Mike was in trouble, he didn’t lose heart.
迈克虽然遇到了麻烦，但他并没有灰心。
②The worker has taken great trouble to help me with the work.
那位工人费心地帮我做那项工作。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①We should lend a hand to those people in trouble.
②As your income increases you will find less difficulty in finding(find) the money to meet your monthly repayments.
turn to 求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页)；查阅；转向
(教材P35)Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？ 纳尔逊·曼德拉为什么使用暴力，以达到黑人和白人的平等？
[一词多义]——写出下列句中turn to的含义
①Whenever you are in trouble, you can turn to the police for help.求助于
②If you turn to page 40, you will find it.翻到
③More and more people turn to computer science.从事于
④You shouldn’t always turn to the dictionary when you meet new words in reading.查阅
He was turned to for advice by all sorts of people.
各种各样的人都向他求教。
turn down 关小；拒绝
turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn off 关上(水、煤气、电灯等)
turn out 结果是，证明是；生产出
turn up 开大；出现
[即学即练]——用turn的相关短语填空
⑤The meeting has already begun, but the chairman hasn’t turned up yet.
⑥Tom turned down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
⑦It turned out that the job was much harder than we had thought.
[链接写作]——词汇升级
⑧(普通表达)When you are in trouble, you can ask me for help.
(高级表达)When you are in trouble, you can turn to me for help．
This is/was a time when...这是一个……的时期， when引导定语从句。
(教材P34)However，this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
然而在那个时候，一个人要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
This is/was a time when... 这是一个……的时期
There was a time when... 曾有一段时间……
①This was a time when black people were treated unfairly.
这是一个黑人遭受不公平待遇的时期。
②There was a time when women were not allowed to go to school.
曾经有一段时间，女性不被允许去上学。
[链接写作]——完成句子
这是一个我们中国人既有许多挑战又有机遇的时期。
This is a time when we Chinese have both a great many challenges and opportunities.
(1)see，find等动词以地点或时间名词作主语
(2)where引导的定语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词
(教材P34)The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1)see，find等动词可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时经历、发生、目睹了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
(2)当先行词是stage，situation，case，point，position等词时，定语从句常用where或in which来引导。
①National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.
国庆节里，人们在大街上高兴地唱啊，跳啊！
②The last ten years have seen the great changes in our city. 我们的城市在过去的十年里发生了巨大变化。
③The matter has reached a stage where both their parents are to be called in.
事情已经发展到双方家长必须被叫来的地步。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The past 30 years have seen(see) the great changes that have taken place in my hometown.
②The two stone lions standing in front of Tian’an men saw(see) many great historic events.
③You could get into a situation where you have to decide immediately.
④We just hope to reach a point where both sides will sit down and talk together.
only倒装句型
(教材P34)...only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
only放在句首修饰状语(通常是副词、介词短语或when, if引导的状语从句)时，句子需要部分倒装。
①Only then did he know how much damage had been caused.
只有在那时他才知道造成了多少损失。
②Only in this way can you solve this problem.
只有用这种方法，你才可能解决这个问题。
[链接写作]——一句多译
(2018·浙江卷6月)只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖时我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。
①I realized it was important to have a good command of spoken English only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest.
②Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.(倒装)
品句填词
1．I thought it was really mean of him not to let Jane use his car.
2．All people are equal, having the same rights as each other.
3．She left a lot of money in her will to found a school.
4．Don’t worry about the baby not wanting to leave you—it’s a stage they all go through.
5．You may wish to get legal(法律的) advice before solving the problem.
6．Professor Li always encourages students to take a(n) active(积极的) part in discussions.
7．He is popular with his friends because he is always willing(愿意的) to help them when they are in trouble.
8．Bill is a generous(慷慨的) person, who has given millions of dollars to help those people in the disaster?hit area.
9．He said that he would devote(致力于) all his life to educating children.
10．Great people have lots of good qualities(品德), such as honesty, selflessness and independence.
11．We must follow the principle(原则) that education should be fair to everyone.
12．It does serious harm to children’s character that too much violence(暴力) is shown on television.
13．In the past, the black people in the USA had no right to vote(选举)．
14．It is hopeful(有希望的) that we can finish the task ahead of schedule.
15．A lawyer(律师) is a person who can give others guidance about legal problems.
单句改错
1．Over one in four unemployed people have now been out of the work for over a year.去掉the
2．A worker was killed when his car blows up.blows→blew
3．We first broke the law in a way in which was peaceful.去掉第二个in
4．The school that I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.that→where
5．The old man was kind to me, to which I was grateful.第二个to→for
6．You should do as you are told or you will in trouble.在will后加be
课文语法填空
Elias was born in 1940 and had little education because his family was poor. He first met Mandela in 1952 when he was 1.a poor black worker in a gold mine in South Africa.Mandela helped him get the correct papers, which allowed him to stay in Johannesburg. Elias was grateful 2.to Mandela. When Mandela 3.organized(organize) the ANC Youth League, he joined it as soon as possible.
As Mandela once said, black people had reached a stage 4.where they had almost no rights at all.They couldn’t vote or choose their 5.leaders(lead)．They lived in the poorest parts of South Africa. Black people first broke the law in a 6.peaceful(peace) way, but it was useless. As a result, Mandela called on black people 7.to fight(fight) for their equal rights and answer violence with violence.
8.Actually(actual), Elias didn’t like violence. But in 1963, he helped Mandela blow up some government buildings. Although Elias was 9.frightened(frighten) to be caught and put in prison, he was happy to help because he knew it would help them achieve their dream of 10.making(make) black people and white people equal.
单句语法填空
1．Mr Zhang asked us to be well prepared before attending the class and take an active(act) part in discussions.
2．People in that village are hopeful(hope) about getting through this long winter though their food is running out.
3．Mary is so selfish(self) that few of us are willing to make friends with her.
4．Devoted(devote) to the cause of education, she didn’t get married in her whole life.
5．Our goal is to create a peaceful(peace) community with shared future for mankind.
6．I was looking forward to working under her expert guidance(guide)．
7．Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally(equal) respected.
8．Founded(found) in last century, the church has a history of about 90 years.
9．Our hometown has seen(see) a lot of changes in recent years.
10．I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.
阅读理解
A
Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.
Searching for methods to quit smoking on the Internet is like searching for weight loss tips—there are thousands of different ways that are said to be the best, but not all are right for you.One approach that did draw my interest was apps.Along with cigarettes(烟), my phone was the only other thing I couldn’t leave my apartment without.
There are hundreds of apps for quitting smoking.I downloaded an app called QuitIt because it was said to be good. It was free and didn’t cost much time as some others. You input the amount of cigarettes you smoke, the cost per pack and the time you decide to quit smoking. The app does the maths and then gives you information based on the information given by you. It tracks the amount of time since you decided to quit, the money you’ve saved, and the danger you’ve avoided. The app also includes a number of health goals.
Quitting smoking was one of the hardest things I’ve ever had to do. Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick and I felt terrible, but the most difficult part was the empty feeling I was left with.Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.If I wanted to smoke while I was on the computer, I’d immediately go to stopsmoking to read a success story, or to offer support to someone else having a harder time than me.
I quit smoking 1 year 2 months and 27 days ago.I did not smoke 6, 771 cigarettes and saved $4, 062.84.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者想要戒烟，后来利用一个手机应用软件成功地戒了烟。
1．What did the author realize when suffering the terrible headache?
A．He should turn to an app.
B．He should go to see a doctor.
C．It was time to make a new plan.
D．It was about time that he quit smoking.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段Although I had wanted to quit smoking, I never made up my mind until New Year’s Day last year. I was having a terrible headache. I knew it was time to quit.可知，作者意识到是时候戒烟了。
2．What does the underlined word “approach” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Method. B．Result.
C．Place. D．Suggestion.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段的Searching for methods to quit smoking可知，这里是指一种利用app戒烟的“方法”。
3．It’s implied in Paragraph 4 that QuitIt________.
A．played a big role in the author’s quitting smoking
B．made the author’s time much harder
C．was questioned by many people
D．could be used on the computer
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的Like most stories of quitting, I did get a little sick...Any time I felt like a cigarette, I would open the app and track the progress I had made.可知，这个app在作者的戒烟过程中起着很重要的作用。
4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To show us the harm of smoking.
B．To encourage readers to use an app.
C．To explain why he chose to quit smoking.
D．To tell us how he managed to quit smoking.
D 解析：写作意图题。根据文章内容可知，作者主要讲述的是自己是如何成功戒烟的。
B
Nelson Mandela was a figure(人物) of international fame, and many details of his life and career were public knowledge. But here are some things you may not have known about him.
In his youth, Mandela enjoyed boxing. Even during the 27 years he spent in prison, he would exercise every morning. “I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. Boxing is equal. I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training，” he wrote in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom. In the Mandela Family Museum, visitors can find the world championship belt given to Mandela by American boxer Sugar Ray Leonard.
When Mandela was nine years old, a teacher at his primary school gave him an English name “Nelson”， which is a custom to give all school children Christian names. Rolihlahla is his original name but it’s not a common name in South Africa. It means “troublemaker”. In South Africa, Mr Mandela was often called by his clan(宗族) name “Madiba”， which South Africans used out of respect.
A fake passport in the name of David Motsamayi was used by Mr Mandela. He had changed his appearance and pretended(假装) to be a driver, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities.
Mr Mandela studied law on and off for 50 years from 1939, failing about half the courses he took. In August 1952, he and Oliver Tambo set up South Africa’s first black law firm in Johannesburg. He persevered(坚持不懈) to finally get a law degree while in prison in 1989.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物传记。曼德拉是一位国际知名人物，他的生活和事业的许多细节都为公众所知。但本文讲了他一些鲜为人知的事情：他是个拳击迷，还有一个法律公司。
5．Nelson Mandela became a boxing fan because________.
A．he enjoyed the violence of boxing
B．he wanted to take the championship
C．he desired to enjoy the training
D．he hoped to find a better job
C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的I did not enjoy the violence of boxing so much as the science of it. Boxing is equal. I never did any real fighting after I entered politics. My main interest was in training可知，他因为渴望得到训练才迷恋上拳击的。故选C项。
6．Which of the following is TRUE about Mandela’s name?
A．His original name was not Nelson.
B．His parents gave him the name “Nelson”．
C．Rolihlahla is a popular name in South Africa.
D．Madiba was his Christian name.
A 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的When Mandela was nine years old, a teacher at his primary school gave him an English name “Nelson”， which is a custom to give all school children Christian names. Rolihlahla is his original name可知，他的原名并不是Nelson。故选A项。
7.The underlined word “fake” in the fourth paragraph probably means “________”．
A．not clear B．not real
C．not accessible D．not available
B 解析：词义猜测题。由第四段的He had changed his appearance and pretended(假装) to be a driver, a gardener and a chef in order to travel around the country unnoticed by the authorities.可知，他的名字及外表都进行了改变，所以护照是假的。故选B项。
8．From the last paragraph, we can infer that________.
A．it took Mr Mandela over fifty years to get a law degree
B．black people are not allowed to set up law firms
C．one can’t get a law degree if he/she has been put into prison
D．Mr Mandela was a determined person
D 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段内容可知，他花了50年的时间学习法律，并坚持不懈地去争取获得学位。由此可知他是一个意志很坚定的人。故选D项。
七选五
Memorizing an essay is a great way to pass tests and increase your overall knowledge. 1.____
Here are some techniques to help you memorize an essay easily.
2．________Start early when you need to memorize something.Give yourself one day for every paragraph or page. Master one section each day. Once you have memorized two sections separately, try putting them together.Then you will find memorizing the whole essay is not so hard.
Read the essay out loud to start learning it. Reading the essay out loud is important because it forces you to read and speak every single word in the essay.3.________
Test yourself after reading. After you have studied the text for a while, put it down, and recite(背诵) as much as you can from memory. At first, you may not remember much, but every time you practise, you will recall more and more. 4.________If you miss a word or forget a line, he can prompt(提示) you by telling you the next word or two.
Start from the end if going from the beginning is not working.5.______Begin by memorizing the last sentence or paragraph, and then move back to the sentence or paragraph right before that one.
A．Memorize a little bit each day.
B．This will help you remember it.
C．Try writing out the essay once or twice.
D．Sometimes you may find it easier to start from the end.
E．However, many students find it difficult to memorize an essay.
F．In addition, find a partner to test you on what you’ve memorized.
G．Memorizing something in one session is not the most effective way to learn it.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了如何背诵一篇文章。
1．E 解析：此空设于段尾，与前一句形成逻辑上的转折关系。本空前一句介绍了背诵文章的重要性，而下文提到了几个背诵文章的技巧，故此处需要一个承上启下的句子。此句意为：然而，很多学生发现背诵一篇文章很难。
2．A 解析：此空设于段首，是本段的主题句。本段主要是讲将文章分为几部分，然后每天背诵一部分，后文都是围绕此句展开说明的。
3．B 解析：此空设于段尾，是本段的总结句。本段主要是讲大声朗读文章，且空前提出了大声朗读文章的原因，此句进一步总结大声朗读文章的作用。
4．F 解析：此空设于段中，与后一句存在逻辑上的指代关系。后文中的he指代的是本句中的partner。
5．D 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说如果从开头背诵不起作用的话就从结尾开始，此句进一步解释，有时候你会发现从结尾背诵更容易。
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
品句填词
1．Michael’s parents sat in his dormitory and cried sadly, begging him not to drop out of school.
2．I remember crying for her as I thought about the cruelty(残酷) and coldness that had led to her death.
3．Lots of things, including clothes and blankets,have been sent to the town hit by the earthquake.
4．Tony is a(n) educated child and always polite to others.
5．When she suddenly heard someone crying outside, she turned white in terror．
6．The police offered a(n) reward(奖金) for any information about the robbery.
7．He was released(释放) from prison after serving his sentence.
8．His brother was sentenced(判) to five years in prison for attacking others.
9．When the earthquake happened, the teacher chose to protect her students instead of escaping(逃跑) first.
10．When Hitler came to power(权力), Einstein had to leave his motherland.
11．Some students are not willing to share their opinions(看法) with others.
12．One of my relatives(亲戚) works in an insurance company and she has persuaded me to buy fire insurance for my apartment.
选词填空
as a matter of fact; be sentenced to; in trouble; turn to; out of work; lose heart; blow up; come to power
1．James failed to start a business, but he didn’t lose heart and tried a second time.
2．People have lived a peaceful life since the new political party came to power．
3．The thief was sentenced to two years in prison because he stole the things in a shop when he was out of work.
4．When in trouble, they had to beg for food from their relatives or friends.
5．He refused my request without a second thought when I turned to him for help.
6．Mr Green became out of work because his factory was closed down several days ago.
7．The soldiers blew up the bridge just as the train was about to come.
8．Many people think it good to buy a gift.As a matter of fact, your gift will be more meaningful if you make it yourself.
完成句子
1．面对学校暴力问题，我不会以暴制暴，反而会从老师和家长那里寻求帮助。
In the face of violence at school, I will not answer violence with violence．Instead, I will turn to my teachers and parents for help.
2．到那时埃里克才懂得生活没那么容易。
Only then did Eric understand that life was not so easy.
3．亨利大学一毕业就在伦敦成立了自己的公司。
As soon as Henry graduated from university, he set up his own company in London.
4．过去十年我们国家已经在很多领域发生了巨大的变化。
The last ten years have seen great changes in many fields in our country.
5．既然咱家离电影院只有一英里路，我们可以走着去那。
Since our home is only one mile away from the cinema, we can walk there.
6．他本来应该早上九点到达火车站。
He should have arrived at the railway station at 9 in the morning.
单句语法填空
1．Now many people move into cities in order to have their children receive better education (educate)．
2．There is no way to escape doing(do) the work.
3．She immediately started ringing round her friends and relatives(relative)．
4．People still have different opinions(opinion) on whether students can bring cell phones to school.
5．His father was sentenced(sentence) to five years in prison for stealing.
6．The first time I visited(visit) that land, I decided to settle there.
7．It is the fifth time that the students in Trinity College have visited(visit) our school.
8．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful(hope)．
9．When a person is in trouble, talking with others often helps him feel better.
10．The baby has reached the stage where he can stand up.
阅读理解
In the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery in 1820.Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross.She was to become Harriet Tubman.She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.
From the age of five, Harriet Tubman’s owners made her work very hard.First, she cared for the child of the farm owner.Then, she did hard work on large farms.
Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right.Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.
One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old.Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head.She was badly hurt.For the rest of her life, Tubman’s head wound caused problems for her.
When she was about 25 years old, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman.But she was still a slave.Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape.She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North.Tubman became a free woman.
But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South.So she travelled back to help them escape as well.Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom.Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the U．S.
Harriet Tubman died in 1913.Her memory brings hope to many people—especially to those who fight for justice (正义)．She encouraged people to never give up.
“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特·塔布曼。
1．What do we know about Harriet Tubman?
A．She was born a slave.
B．She was born in Africa.
C．She was taken to the U．S. by a slave trader.
D．She was sold to a farm owner when she was born.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的a girl was born into slavery可知，Harriet Tubman出生于奴隶家庭，也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶。
2．When she was 13 years old, Tubman ________．
A．planned to run away
B．helped a slave escape
C．fought bravely against her owner
D．was seriously wounded in her head
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的when she was 13 years old和her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head.She was badly hurt.可知，Tubman在13岁的时候，头部受到重创。
3．We can infer from the text that Tubman was ________．
A．honest and friendly
B．strong and helpful
C．lucky and careful
D．clever and polite
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文中对Tubman事迹的描述可知，作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨，但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份，并且多次帮助其他奴隶获取自由。由此可知，B项准确概括了Tubman的品质。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Africans’ Fight for Freedom
B．Harriet Tubman：From Slave to Hero
C．The History of Slavery in the United States
D．The American Civil War：The North Against the South
B 解析：标题归纳题。Harriet Tubman出身奴隶，但她渴望自由，最终逃到美国北方，获取新生。不仅如此，她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由，成为了一名英雄。故B项作标题贴切。
七选五
Wilma is a woman from Texas, the USA.She can’t give a good reason why she started smoking cigarettes.Her sister Mary smoked, and when Wilma was young, she stole cigarettes from her sister.1.________In her mid?forties, Wilma decided to stop smoking.
“2.________It was terrible! I realized I had to quit smoking as soon as possible，” she says.In 2017, she got advice from her doctor and used some medicine to help.She also got support from an online organization. She threw out her lighters and started exercising more.
Today, at the age of 49, she enjoys many healthy activities in her life. It’s a lifestyle she never dreamed of as a smoker. 3.________ She also eats healthier foods than she did when she smoked.
“Once you quit, it opens up so many possibilities that you don’t see when you are caught up in the addiction，” Wilma says. “I’ll also admit that as a woman, hoping to look beautiful was part of my reasons to quit, too. 4.________ Of course，smoking just wasn’t going to help me.”
Wilma hopes her story can encourage others to quit smoking.“I want to be an inspiration for others to quit smoking, even if it’s just one person，” she says.“5.________”
A．It’s your health that matters.
B．She practises yoga every day.
C．She felt she had no choice but to quit her job.
D．I want to look as young, healthy, and pretty as I can.
E．I was suffering from some serious health problems.
F．Everyone deserves to work in a smoke?free workplace.
G．This developed into an addiction that lasted 30 years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位美国妇女戒烟的故事。
1．G 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。This指的是上文中提到的she stole cigarettes from her sister。
2．E 解析：此空设于段首，引出下文。开头提出她的身体状况出现问题了，很严重，所以她才意识到要尽快戒烟。在此过程中，她得到了医生的建议和一个线上组织的支持，扔掉了打火机，开始更多地锻炼。
3．B 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说她过上了她之前从来没有想过的生活，此句和后一句都是对前一句提到的那种生活的具体陈述。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。前一句提到作为一位女性，希望能看起来漂亮是她戒烟的一部分原因，此空接着说她想要尽可能地看起来年轻、健康、漂亮，后一句指出，吸烟是不可能帮助她做到这些的。
5．A 解析：此空设于段尾，对本段进行总结。前面提到她希望她的故事可以鼓励其他人戒烟，最后一句总结，毕竟健康是最重要的。
完形填空
Surfing is a stressful and exciting sport.It seems easy to learn at first sight, __1__ it’s a lot harder to actually learn it and __2__ . Not only does the art of surfing require __3__， but it also requires strength.
From my __4__ , I found that surfing was kind of like __5__ a bike. When I was young, I was such a(n) __6__ kid that my parents wanted to reduce my energy by this sport. After countless failures, which __7__ falling flat on my face many times, and weeks of __8__ , I finally became a bike master.
The first time I __9__ how to surf, a thin British worked as my __10__. The Brit, I called him, brought me out into the sea with my __11__ and taught me how to force myself onto a moving plastic board. Then he told me to __12__ the perfect wave to ride into shore. Facing shore, I could only prepare for what is to __13__ . This moment was the most __14__ part of surfing because it seemed that everything was unknown. Then I felt the wave passing under my feet until it came to __15__ me and my board so delicately(优美地) to shore. The Brit still had to guide me, however.“Are you __16__ ？” he shouted to me when the wave was coming.“ Now up! Up！”
Sometimes, I misplaced my feet, lost the balance and would __17__ straight into the rushing wave. __18__， that moment of standing on the plastic board and enjoying the __19__ sea wind is the best memory. After a few days, the scare and __20__ disappear. I can surf at last.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己学习冲浪的经历。
1．A.or B．but
C．and D．because
B 解析：根据上文的It seems easy to learn at first sight及后文的it’s a lot harder to actually learn it可知，作者是说，乍一看，冲浪很容易学，“但”实际上它很难。前后是转折关系。
2．A.play B．review
C．check D．succeed
D 解析：根据语境可知，这里是说学习冲浪并且“成功”是很难的。
3．A.balance B．advice
C．equipment D．permission
A 解析：根据语境可知，冲浪是一门艺术，它不仅需要“平衡”，而且需要力气。
4．A.experiment B．achievement
C．experience D．guidance
C 解析：根据后文内容可知，作者是根据自己的 “经历”做出的判断。
5．A.pushing B．repairing
C．advertising D．riding
D 解析：根据后文的I finally became a bike master可知，作者觉得冲浪有点像“骑”自行车。
6．A.outgoing B．energetic
C．excellent D．confident
B 解析：根据后文的my parents wanted to reduce my energy可知，作者小时候是个“精力旺盛的”孩子。
7．A.resulted in B．aimed at
C．escaped from D．dealt with
A 解析：根据上文的After countless failures可知，作者学骑自行车时经历了无数次失败，“导致”很多次都摔趴在地上。
8.A.break B．practice
C．examination D．preparation
B 解析：根据后文的I finally became a bike master可知，作者应该是经过好几周的“练习”，终于熟练掌握了骑自行车的技术。
9.A.watched B．taught
C．learned D．remembered
C 解析：根据语境可知，这里是指作者“学习”冲浪的时候。
10.A.guide B．leader
C．assistant D．teacher
D 解析：根据后文的taught me可知，作者学习冲浪时有“老师”教他。
11.A.board B．boat
C．shoes D．feet
A 解析：根据语境可知，冲浪需要带上“冲浪板”。
12．A.look for B．get to
C．wait for D．depend on
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的老师让他“等待”浪潮出现。
13．A.come B．stop
C．leave D．disappear
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者只能为即将“到来”的浪潮做好准备。
14．A.familiar B．exciting
C．comfortable D．important
B 解析：根据后文的it seemed that everything was unknown可知，等浪的时候，似乎一切都是未知的，所以这是冲浪过程中最“刺激的”一部分。
15．A.pull B．press
C．attract D．carry
D 解析：根据上文的I felt the wave passing under my feet可知，作者感觉到浪潮从他脚下穿过，“承载着”他和他的冲浪板冲向海岸。
16．A.happy B．ready
C．afraid D．calm
B 解析：根据后文的“Now up！Up！”可知，作者的老师是在问作者“准备”好了吗，要上升了。
17．A.walk B．climb
C．fall D．swim
C 解析：根据上文的I misplaced my feet, lost the balance可知，有时作者脚放错了位置，失去平衡，就会“跌进”海浪中。
18．A.Therefore B．Instead
C．Anyhow D．Otherwise
C 解析：根据后文的that moment of standing on the plastic board...is the best memory可知，“不管怎样”，站在冲浪板上那一瞬间是最美好的记忆。
19．A.fresh B．salty
C．freezing D．strange
A 解析：根据the best memory可知，作者是说享受着“清爽的”海风。
20. A．pain B．joy
C．interest D．worry
D 解析：根据scare及后文的I can surf at last.可知，作者几天之后终于学会了冲浪，害怕与“忧虑”一扫而光。
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅲ Learning about Language & Using Language
重点单词
写作词汇
1.escape vi.&vt. 逃脱；逃走；避开
2.beg vi. 请求；乞求
3.relative n. 亲戚；亲属
4.reward n. 报酬；奖金
vt. 酬劳；奖赏
5.sentence vt. 判决；宣判
6.president n. 总统；会长；校长；行长
7.opinion n. 意见；看法；主张
拓展词汇
8.educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→educator n．教师；教育学家→education n．教育；教育学；训练
9.terror n．恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动→terrorism n．恐怖主义；恐怖统治→terrorist n．恐怖分子
10.cruelty n．残忍；残酷→cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的
11.beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n．乞求者
阅读词汇
12.quote n． 引用语；语录
13.release vt. 释放；发行
14.blanket n. 毛毯；毯子
重点短语
1.lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
2.be in prison 蹲监狱
3.come to power 当权；上台
4.set up 设立；建立
5.be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
6.in one’s opinion 依……之见
7.stop... from doing... 阻止……做……
8.the first time 第一次
重点句型
1.should have done sth.本应该做某事(实际上未做)
He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep(我们本应该睡觉的时间).
2.did加强语气
They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams(他们确实通过了考试).
3.the first time第一次，引导时间状语从句
I felt bad the first time(第一次) I talked to a group.
Read the passage and choose the best answer.
1．Elias’ story tells us that ________．
A．Mr Mandela was a great leader and was ready to help others
B．black people in South Africa lived a hard life before
C．Elias was a brave, clever black man and he suffered a lot in prison
D．all the above
2．Why did Mr Mandela allow the prison guards to study too?
A．Because he needed the guards’ help.
B．Because he thought the guards had their rights to study.
C．Because the guards were black people too.
D．Because the guards could pass their exams.
3．Why did Elias study on Robben Island?
A．To kill time.
B．To help Mandela.
C．To fight against the government.
D．To get a degree.
4．How does Elias feel now when he works on Robben Island?
A．Frightened. B．Proud.
C．Excited. D．Upset.
答案：1－4.DBDB
①imagine[I'm?d?In]v.想象；设想
imagine后可跟名词、代词、v.?ing形式或从句作宾语。
②escape[I'skeIp]vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开
③break[bre?k]n.间歇；休息
④should have done sth.本应该做某事(实际上没做)
⑤blanket['bl??kIt]n.毛毯；毯子
⑥stop sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事(此处用了被动语态)
⑦degree[d?'ɡri?]n.学位；程度；度数
⑧did 为助动词，表示强调，意为“确实，的确”。
⑨feel good about oneself 自我感觉不错
⑩in prison表示“坐牢”，prison 前不加冠词。
?educated['ed??keItId]adj. 受过教育的；有教养的
?find out 查明白；弄清楚
? come to power 当权；上台
?beg[beɡ]vi.请求；乞求
?relative['rel?tIv]n.亲戚；亲属
?terror['ter?]n.恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
?fear[f??(r)]n.恐惧
?beating['bi?t??]n.狠打；揍
?cruelty['kru??ltI]n.残忍；残酷
?reward[rI'w??d]n.报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
be proud to do...因做……而自豪
【核心素养链接·文化采风】
罗本岛(Robben Island)位于南非西开普省桌湾中，是南大西洋上的一座小岛，面积13平方公里，距南非立法首都开普敦11公里。从17世纪开始，罗本岛成为殖民者关押土著反抗运动首领的地方。 罗本岛先后关押过3 000多名黑人运动领袖和积极分子。1964年6月，曼德拉被当时南非白人政府判处终身监禁，开始在罗本岛服刑，直至1982年才被转移到波尔斯摩尔监狱。
THE REST OF ELIAS’ STORY
You cannot imagine①how the name of Robben Island made us afraid. It was a prison from which no one escaped②. There I spent the hardest time of my life. But when I got there Nelson Mandela was also there and he helped me. Mr Mandela began a school for those of us who had little learning．He taught us during the lunch breaks③ and the evenings when we should have been④ asleep. We read books under our blankets⑤and used anything we could find to make candles to see the words. I became a good student. I wanted to study for my degree but I was not allowed to do that. Later，Mr Mandela allowed the prison guards to join us.He said they should not be stopped from⑥ studying for their degrees⑦. They were not cleverer than me, but they did⑧pass their exams. So I knew I could get a degree too.That made me feel good about myself⑨.
◆from which在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词a prison, from与从句的谓语动词escaped搭配。escape from表示“从……逃走”。
◆who在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词those of us。
◆when在此引导定语从句，修饰先行词the lunch breaks and the evenings。
◆we could find是省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词anything。因为此处先行词anything为不定代词，故关系词应用that。
◆made me feel good about myself为“make＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
When I finished the four years in prison⑩， I went to find a job. Since I was better educated?， I got a job working in an office. However, the police found out?and told my boss that I had been in prison for blowing up government buildings. So I lost my job. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power?in 1994. All that time my wife and children had to beg?for food and help from relatives?or friends.Luckily Mr Mandela remembered me and gave me a job taking tourists around my old prison on R obben Island. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. All the terror?and fear?of that time came back to me. I remembered the beatings?and the cruelty?of the guards and my friends who had died. I felt I would not be able to do it, but my family encouraged me. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward?after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks. So now I am proud to show visitors over the prison, for I helped to make our people free in their own land.
◆Since I was better educated为since引导的原因状语从句，since意为“因为，既然，由于”。主句中的working in an office作job的同位语，解释说明job的内容。
◆本句包含not...until...引导的时间状语从句，not...until...意为“直到……才……”。
◆taking tourists around my old prison on Robben Island作job的同位语，解释说明job的内容。
◆此处the first time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。
◆said后为that引导的宾语从句，其中after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks为介词短语作时间状语。
伊莱亚斯的故事(续篇)
你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰苦的岁月。但是我到那儿时，纳尔逊·曼德拉也在那儿，他帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们当中那些几乎没有上过学的人开办了学校。他在午休以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们。我们躲在毯子下面读书，用可以找到的任何东西制成蜡烛来看清书上的字。我成了一名好学生。我想为我的学位而学习，但不被允许那样做。之后，曼德拉先生让狱卒和我们一起学习。他说他们不该被阻止为学位而学习。他们并不比我聪明，但确实通过了考试。因此我知道我也能拿到学位。那让我感觉不错。
在监狱里服完四年的刑之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。然而警察发现并告诉了我的老板我因炸毁政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友那儿讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，并给了我一份工作，让我带旅行团去参观罗本岛上(我待过的)那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团讲解时，我感觉很糟。我想起了那时所有的恐怖和害怕。我记起了狱卒的殴打和暴行以及我那些死去的朋友。我觉得我做不了这份工作，但是我的家人鼓励我。他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。所以现在我很骄傲地给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，因为我曾为争取我们的人民在自己的土地上的自由而出过力。
lose heart 丧失勇气或信心
(教材P37)The scientist from whom we heard the good news never lost heart when he was in trouble.
我们从其口中获得好消息的科学家遇到困难时从不灰心。
lose one’s heart to... 爱上……
put one’s heart into... 专心于……
heart and soul 全心全意；完全地
①Please don’t lose heart; you still have chances.
请不要灰心，你还有机会。
②Put your heart into your work and you will succeed in time.
专心于工作，总有一天你会成功的。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①面对困难，他从不灰心丧气，总是尽力克服困难。
Faced with difficulty, he never loses heart and always tries his best to overcome it.
②我决心全心全意为人民服务。
I’m determined to serve the people heart and soul．
escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开
(教材P38)It was a prison from which no one escaped.
那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。
(1)escape from... 从……中逃脱
escape doing sth. 逃避做某事
(2)escape one’s attention/notice 逃过某人的注意
①During the earthquake some miners were trapped in the mine, and they couldn’t escape without rescue.
地震时一些矿工被困在矿井中，没有救援他们不能逃脱。
②His telephone number escaped me.
我忘记了他的电话号码。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①Luckily，he was able to escape from the burning building.
②No one can escape punishment/being punished(punish) if he breaks law.
come to power 当权；上台
(教材P38)I did not work again for twenty years until Mr Mandela and the ANC came to power in 1994.
在曼德拉先生和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有再工作。
(1)
(2)
①After he came to power, the man devoted most of his time to society work.
这个人当权后把他的大部分时间用于社会工作。
②Every time I get into trouble and turn to him, he will do everything in his power to help me out.
每次我处境困难向他求助时，他都竭尽所能地帮我摆脱困境。
[链接写作]——一句多译
政府已执政三年。
①The government came to power three years ago.
②The government has been in power for three years.
beg vt.& vi.请求；乞求(begged, begged)
(教材P38)All that time my wife and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.
在那段时期，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友那儿讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。
(1)beg for 乞求得到；请求得到
beg (sb.) to do sth. 乞求(某人)做某事
beg one’s pardon 对不起；没有听清，请求别人再重复一次
beg that sb.(should) do 请求……
(2)beggar n. 乞丐
①She ran to the nearest house and begged for help.
她跑到最近的人家请求帮助。
②The children begged that they(should) join in the activity to make our city more beautiful.
孩子们请求加入使我们城市更美的活动。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The little girl begged to be given(give) another chance.
②He begged me to persuade(persuade) his father to give up smoking.
reward n．报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏
(教材P38)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.
他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
(1)as a reward for 作为(对某事的)报酬/奖赏
in reward for 为酬谢……；作为奖励
(2)reward sb.for sth. 因某事而奖赏某人
reward sb.with sth. 用某物回报某人
①In reward, I lent him a hand when he was in trouble.
作为报答，当他陷入困境时，我帮了他一把。
②She wanted to reward the cleaners with ￡1，000 for their efforts.
她想对清洁工所做出的努力奖赏1 000英镑。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded(reward) with success in the end.
②She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
[链接写作]——一句多译
我送给他一本从上海买的书来答谢他的帮助。
③I gave him a book bought from Shanghai in reward for his help.(reward n．)
④As a reward for his help, I gave him a book which was bought from Shanghai.(reward n．)
⑤I rewarded him with a book which I bought from Shanghai for his help.(reward v．)
set up 建立；设立；竖立；搭起(相当于put up)
(经典例句)For all these years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business some day.
这些年来我一直为他人工作。我希望有一天可以开创自己的事业。
set down 记下，写下
set about 开始做
set aside 把……放在一边；留出
set off 出发，动身；使爆炸
set out 出发；开始做，着手做
①We set up tents for those whose houses were destroyed or seriously damaged.
我们为房屋被毁或房屋严重受损的那些人搭了帐篷。
②Nowadays，some film stars want to set up their own workshops.
现在，一些电影明星想创办自己的工作室。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空
①At five in the morning he sets out to do(do) his work.
②You had better set down what your teacher said.
③The moment he arrived home, he set about reading(read) the book.
④The moment they arrived there, they began to set up their tents.
sentence vt.判决；宣判
(教材P39)Nelson Mandela was sentenced to five years’ hard labour for encouraging violence against anti?black laws. 纳尔逊·曼德拉因鼓励使用暴力对抗反黑人的法律而被判处五年劳教。
(1)be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
(2)sentence sb.to death 判某人死刑
sentence sb.to five years’ imprisonment 判某人五年监禁
①The prisoner has been sentenced to death for his bad behavior.
由于他的恶劣行为，囚犯被判处死刑。
②The prisoner was sentenced to pay a fine of $ 5，000.
这名犯人被判处5 000美元的罚款。
[链接写作]——完成句子
记者因虚假消息被判处两年监禁。
The reporter was sentenced to two years in prison for giving false news.
should have done sth.本来应该做某事(实际上没做)
(教材P38)He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
他在午休以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们。
(1)should have done sth.意为“本应该做某事而未做某事”，表示站在现在的角度上评说过去的事情。
(2)shouldn’t have done sth.意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。
①In my opinion, she should have come earlier.
在我看来，她应当更早一点儿来。
②He shouldn’t have said that to his brother.
他不该对他弟弟说那些话。
[链接写作]——完成句子
他把本来应该用在学习上的时间花在了玩电脑游戏上，所以他没通过考试。
He spent the time he should have spent in studying in playing computer games, so he didn’t pass the exam.
(教材P38)They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass their exams.
他们并不比我聪明，但确实通过了考试。
(1)句中did起强调作用，强调谓语动词pass，意为“的确；确实”。
(2)do的强调用法常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定陈述句及祈使句中。do表示强调时，时态与句子的时态一致。
①He did give the boy a toy car as a reward for his help.
他确实给了那个男孩一辆玩具汽车作为对他提供的帮助的奖赏。
②She does go to school every day.
她确实是每天都去上学。
[链接写作]——完成句子
我的确希望你能给我一些如何与我同班同学相处的建议。
I do hope you can give me some tips on how to get along with my classmates.
the first time引导时间状语从句
(教材P38)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团讲解时，我感觉很糟。
(1)the first time用作连词，意为“第一次”，引导时间状语从句。
(2)类似用法还有“every/each time每次……就……；每当；next time ...下次……”等。
①I thought her kind and honest the first time I saw her.
我第一次见她时就觉得她诚实、善良。
②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把你的儿子带来。
[链接写作]——完成句子
①每次约翰上学迟到，他都会编个新借口。
Every time John is late for school, he will make up a new excuse.
②这是她第一次在电影中扮演角色。
It is the first time that she has played a part in a film.
品句填词
1．Michael’s parents sat in his dormitory and cried sadly, begging him not to drop out of school.
2．I remember crying for her as I thought about the cruelty(残酷) and coldness that had led to her death.
3．Lots of things, including clothes and blankets,have been sent to the town hit by the earthquake.
4．Tony is a(n) educated child and always polite to others.
5．When she suddenly heard someone crying outside, she turned white in terror．
6．The police offered a(n) reward(奖金) for any information about the robbery.
7．He was released(释放) from prison after serving his sentence.
8．His brother was sentenced(判) to five years in prison for attacking others.
9．When the earthquake happened, the teacher chose to protect her students instead of escaping(逃跑) first.
10．When Hitler came to power(权力), Einstein had to leave his motherland.
11．Some students are not willing to share their opinions(看法) with others.
12．One of my relatives(亲戚) works in an insurance company and she has persuaded me to buy fire insurance for my apartment.
选词填空
as a matter of fact; be sentenced to; in trouble; turn to; out of work; lose heart; blow up; come to power
1．James failed to start a business, but he didn’t lose heart and tried a second time.
2．People have lived a peaceful life since the new political party came to power．
3．The thief was sentenced to two years in prison because he stole the things in a shop when he was out of work.
4．When in trouble, they had to beg for food from their relatives or friends.
5．He refused my request without a second thought when I turned to him for help.
6．Mr Green became out of work because his factory was closed down several days ago.
7．The soldiers blew up the bridge just as the train was about to come.
8．Many people think it good to buy a gift.As a matter of fact, your gift will be more meaningful if you make it yourself.
完成句子
1．面对学校暴力问题，我不会以暴制暴，反而会从老师和家长那里寻求帮助。
In the face of violence at school, I will not answer violence with violence．Instead, I will turn to my teachers and parents for help.
2．到那时埃里克才懂得生活没那么容易。
Only then did Eric understand that life was not so easy.
3．亨利大学一毕业就在伦敦成立了自己的公司。
As soon as Henry graduated from university, he set up his own company in London.
4．过去十年我们国家已经在很多领域发生了巨大的变化。
The last ten years have seen great changes in many fields in our country.
5．既然咱家离电影院只有一英里路，我们可以走着去那。
Since our home is only one mile away from the cinema, we can walk there.
6．他本来应该早上九点到达火车站。
He should have arrived at the railway station at 9 in the morning.
单句语法填空
1．Now many people move into cities in order to have their children receive better education (educate)．
2．There is no way to escape doing(do) the work.
3．She immediately started ringing round her friends and relatives(relative)．
4．People still have different opinions(opinion) on whether students can bring cell phones to school.
5．His father was sentenced(sentence) to five years in prison for stealing.
6．The first time I visited(visit) that land, I decided to settle there.
7．It is the fifth time that the students in Trinity College have visited(visit) our school.
8．Though he has met with many difficulties over the past two years, he is still hopeful(hope)．
9．When a person is in trouble, talking with others often helps him feel better.
10．The baby has reached the stage where he can stand up.
阅读理解
In the state of Maryland, a girl was born into slavery in 1820.Her parents named her Araminta Harriet Ross.She was to become Harriet Tubman.She was one of about one million Africans in slavery in the United States.
From the age of five, Harriet Tubman’s owners made her work very hard.First, she cared for the child of the farm owner.Then, she did hard work on large farms.
Although she could not read or write, Tubman learned from her parents to do what was right.Through her whole life, Tubman put herself in danger to help other people.
One such act changed her life when she was 13 years old.Because she helped another slave, her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head.She was badly hurt.For the rest of her life, Tubman’s head wound caused problems for her.
When she was about 25 years old, Harriet married a free black man named John Tubman.But she was still a slave.Her life was so difficult that she decided to escape.She travelled for 145 kilometres, and finally crossed into the North.Tubman became a free woman.
But Tubman could not leave her family enslaved in the South.So she travelled back to help them escape as well.Then, she made many trips and guided about 300 slaves to freedom.Tubman also fought bravely in the American Civil War and in 1865 slavery was not allowed in the U．S.
Harriet Tubman died in 1913.Her memory brings hope to many people—especially to those who fight for justice (正义)．She encouraged people to never give up.
“If you want a taste of freedom, keep going.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特·塔布曼。
1．What do we know about Harriet Tubman?
A．She was born a slave.
B．She was born in Africa.
C．She was taken to the U．S. by a slave trader.
D．She was sold to a farm owner when she was born.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的a girl was born into slavery可知，Harriet Tubman出生于奴隶家庭，也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶。
2．When she was 13 years old, Tubman ________．
A．planned to run away
B．helped a slave escape
C．fought bravely against her owner
D．was seriously wounded in her head
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的when she was 13 years old和her owner threw a piece of metal at her and it hit her on the head.She was badly hurt.可知，Tubman在13岁的时候，头部受到重创。
3．We can infer from the text that Tubman was ________．
A．honest and friendly
B．strong and helpful
C．lucky and careful
D．clever and polite
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文中对Tubman事迹的描述可知，作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨，但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份，并且多次帮助其他奴隶获取自由。由此可知，B项准确概括了Tubman的品质。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Africans’ Fight for Freedom
B．Harriet Tubman：From Slave to Hero
C．The History of Slavery in the United States
D．The American Civil War：The North Against the South
B 解析：标题归纳题。Harriet Tubman出身奴隶，但她渴望自由，最终逃到美国北方，获取新生。不仅如此，她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由，成为了一名英雄。故B项作标题贴切。
七选五
Wilma is a woman from Texas, the USA.She can’t give a good reason why she started smoking cigarettes.Her sister Mary smoked, and when Wilma was young, she stole cigarettes from her sister.1.________In her mid?forties, Wilma decided to stop smoking.
“2.________It was terrible! I realized I had to quit smoking as soon as possible，” she says.In 2017, she got advice from her doctor and used some medicine to help.She also got support from an online organization. She threw out her lighters and started exercising more.
Today, at the age of 49, she enjoys many healthy activities in her life. It’s a lifestyle she never dreamed of as a smoker. 3.________ She also eats healthier foods than she did when she smoked.
“Once you quit, it opens up so many possibilities that you don’t see when you are caught up in the addiction，” Wilma says. “I’ll also admit that as a woman, hoping to look beautiful was part of my reasons to quit, too. 4.________ Of course，smoking just wasn’t going to help me.”
Wilma hopes her story can encourage others to quit smoking.“I want to be an inspiration for others to quit smoking, even if it’s just one person，” she says.“5.________”
A．It’s your health that matters.
B．She practises yoga every day.
C．She felt she had no choice but to quit her job.
D．I want to look as young, healthy, and pretty as I can.
E．I was suffering from some serious health problems.
F．Everyone deserves to work in a smoke?free workplace.
G．This developed into an addiction that lasted 30 years.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位美国妇女戒烟的故事。
1．G 解析：此空设于段中，与上文存在逻辑上的指代关系。This指的是上文中提到的she stole cigarettes from her sister。
2．E 解析：此空设于段首，引出下文。开头提出她的身体状况出现问题了，很严重，所以她才意识到要尽快戒烟。在此过程中，她得到了医生的建议和一个线上组织的支持，扔掉了打火机，开始更多地锻炼。
3．B 解析：此空设于段中，与前一句存在逻辑上的解释关系。前一句说她过上了她之前从来没有想过的生活，此句和后一句都是对前一句提到的那种生活的具体陈述。
4．D 解析：此空设于段中，是一个过渡句。前一句提到作为一位女性，希望能看起来漂亮是她戒烟的一部分原因，此空接着说她想要尽可能地看起来年轻、健康、漂亮，后一句指出，吸烟是不可能帮助她做到这些的。
5．A 解析：此空设于段尾，对本段进行总结。前面提到她希望她的故事可以鼓励其他人戒烟，最后一句总结，毕竟健康是最重要的。
完形填空
Surfing is a stressful and exciting sport.It seems easy to learn at first sight, __1__ it’s a lot harder to actually learn it and __2__ . Not only does the art of surfing require __3__， but it also requires strength.
From my __4__ , I found that surfing was kind of like __5__ a bike. When I was young, I was such a(n) __6__ kid that my parents wanted to reduce my energy by this sport. After countless failures, which __7__ falling flat on my face many times, and weeks of __8__ , I finally became a bike master.
The first time I __9__ how to surf, a thin British worked as my __10__. The Brit, I called him, brought me out into the sea with my __11__ and taught me how to force myself onto a moving plastic board. Then he told me to __12__ the perfect wave to ride into shore. Facing shore, I could only prepare for what is to __13__ . This moment was the most __14__ part of surfing because it seemed that everything was unknown. Then I felt the wave passing under my feet until it came to __15__ me and my board so delicately(优美地) to shore. The Brit still had to guide me, however.“Are you __16__ ？” he shouted to me when the wave was coming.“ Now up! Up！”
Sometimes, I misplaced my feet, lost the balance and would __17__ straight into the rushing wave. __18__， that moment of standing on the plastic board and enjoying the __19__ sea wind is the best memory. After a few days, the scare and __20__ disappear. I can surf at last.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己学习冲浪的经历。
1．A.or B．but
C．and D．because
B 解析：根据上文的It seems easy to learn at first sight及后文的it’s a lot harder to actually learn it可知，作者是说，乍一看，冲浪很容易学，“但”实际上它很难。前后是转折关系。
2．A.play B．review
C．check D．succeed
D 解析：根据语境可知，这里是说学习冲浪并且“成功”是很难的。
3．A.balance B．advice
C．equipment D．permission
A 解析：根据语境可知，冲浪是一门艺术，它不仅需要“平衡”，而且需要力气。
4．A.experiment B．achievement
C．experience D．guidance
C 解析：根据后文内容可知，作者是根据自己的 “经历”做出的判断。
5．A.pushing B．repairing
C．advertising D．riding
D 解析：根据后文的I finally became a bike master可知，作者觉得冲浪有点像“骑”自行车。
6．A.outgoing B．energetic
C．excellent D．confident
B 解析：根据后文的my parents wanted to reduce my energy可知，作者小时候是个“精力旺盛的”孩子。
7．A.resulted in B．aimed at
C．escaped from D．dealt with
A 解析：根据上文的After countless failures可知，作者学骑自行车时经历了无数次失败，“导致”很多次都摔趴在地上。
8.A.break B．practice
C．examination D．preparation
B 解析：根据后文的I finally became a bike master可知，作者应该是经过好几周的“练习”，终于熟练掌握了骑自行车的技术。
9.A.watched B．taught
C．learned D．remembered
C 解析：根据语境可知，这里是指作者“学习”冲浪的时候。
10.A.guide B．leader
C．assistant D．teacher
D 解析：根据后文的taught me可知，作者学习冲浪时有“老师”教他。
11.A.board B．boat
C．shoes D．feet
A 解析：根据语境可知，冲浪需要带上“冲浪板”。
12．A.look for B．get to
C．wait for D．depend on
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者的老师让他“等待”浪潮出现。
13．A.come B．stop
C．leave D．disappear
A 解析：根据语境可知，作者只能为即将“到来”的浪潮做好准备。
14．A.familiar B．exciting
C．comfortable D．important
B 解析：根据后文的it seemed that everything was unknown可知，等浪的时候，似乎一切都是未知的，所以这是冲浪过程中最“刺激的”一部分。
15．A.pull B．press
C．attract D．carry
D 解析：根据上文的I felt the wave passing under my feet可知，作者感觉到浪潮从他脚下穿过，“承载着”他和他的冲浪板冲向海岸。
16．A.happy B．ready
C．afraid D．calm
B 解析：根据后文的“Now up！Up！”可知，作者的老师是在问作者“准备”好了吗，要上升了。
17．A.walk B．climb
C．fall D．swim
C 解析：根据上文的I misplaced my feet, lost the balance可知，有时作者脚放错了位置，失去平衡，就会“跌进”海浪中。
18．A.Therefore B．Instead
C．Anyhow D．Otherwise
C 解析：根据后文的that moment of standing on the plastic board...is the best memory可知，“不管怎样”，站在冲浪板上那一瞬间是最美好的记忆。
19．A.fresh B．salty
C．freezing D．strange
A 解析：根据the best memory可知，作者是说享受着“清爽的”海风。
20. A．pain B．joy
C．interest D．worry
D 解析：根据scare及后文的I can surf at last.可知，作者几天之后终于学会了冲浪，害怕与“忧虑”一扫而光。
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅳ Grammar
定语从句(Ⅱ)
1．(教材P34)The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
2．(教材P34)It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
3．(教材P34)He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.
4．(教材P34)However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
5．(教材P34)The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.
6．(教材P34)...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
7．(教材P34)The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.
8．(教材P34)...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词的指代及功能
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
1.关系副词when引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示时间的名词，关系词在从句中作时间状语。
◆I still remember the time when I first travelled by plane. 我仍然记得我第一次坐飞机旅行的时候。
◆We will never forget the year when the 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing. 我们将永远不会忘记第29届奥运会在北京举办的那一年。
2．关系副词where引导定语从句时，先行词应是表示地点或抽象地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语。
◆I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine. 我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
◆The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前居住的那所房子已经被拆了。
3．关系副词why引导定语从句时，先行词常常为reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语。
◆I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
我不知道昨天他为什么没向他的好朋友求助。
◆Can you tell me the reason why you didn’t come to his birthday party?
你能告诉我你没参加他的生日宴会的原因吗？
表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。试比较：
◆Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night？ 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗？(when在从句中作状语)
◆Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm？ 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗？(that或which在从句中作spent的宾语)
◆The reason why/for which you failed was that you had not followed your mother’s advice.
你失败的原因是你没有听你母亲的忠告。(定语从句中缺少状语，所以用why或for which, why作原因状语)
◆I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us.
我坚决不听你给我们提供的那个理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用that/which，不用why)
【即时演练1】——对比填空：that, which, when, where, why
①I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.
②I will never forget the days when we stayed together.
③The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was not sound.
④The reason why he was late was that he missed his train.
⑤Keep the book in a place where you can find it easily.
⑥This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago.
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。
选用介词的依据：
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
◆Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous. 昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。(be famous for因……而出名)
2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
◆This is the camera with which he often takes photos.
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(with camera用照相机)
◆The old woman with whom you talked just now is a famous artist. 刚才和你们说话的老太太是一个著名的艺术家。(talk with sb.和某人谈话)
3．根据句子的意思来选择。
◆My computer, without which I can’t surf the Internet，broke down yesterday.
昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能网上冲浪。
4．表示“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，通常用介词of。
◆I have ten books, half of which were written by Mo Yan.
我有10本书，其中一半是莫言写的。
◆The old man has two sons, both of whom are lawyers.
这位老人有两个儿子，他们都是律师。
在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
◆The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
◆The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
【即时演练2】——关系词或介词填空
①Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.
②The girl to whom you spoke just now is our English teacher.
③The day will come on which we will win the final victory.
④The woman with whom you shook hands just now is head of our company.
⑤The death of his son was an experience from which he never fully recovered.
单句语法填空
1．I will never forget the days when we stayed in Australia.
2．We visited the house where the famous scientist once lived.
3．The reason why John changed his mind is not clear.
4．The child who/whom/that the nurses are looking after is very well now.
5．I miss the apartment where I used to live.
6．It was a period when they met very frequently.
7．When I arrived, my friend took me to see the house where I would be staying.
8．We have come to a point where everyone has different opinions and it is difficult to reach an agreement.
9．Bob is now in a position where he has no more money to pay his rent.
10．One of the reasons why he was refused in the interview was that his spoken English was terrible.
11．The reason why he gave up his well?paid job isn’t known to us.
12．I’ll never forget the time that/which we spent together in the army camp.
13．I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League.
14．Miss Liu is an excellent teacher from whom I have learned a lot.
15．The Smiths have two children, both of whom work in New York.
单句改错
1．We took many photos in the shop where we were interested in for a long time.where→which/that
2.Jack is the only classmate to that I am very close.that→whom
3．Why did you put yourself in a position which you had no rights at all？which→where或在which前加in
4.I’m not interested in the subject on that they are doing a research now.that→which
5．I want to have a friend with which I can share my joy and sadness.which→whom
6．Do you still remember the days when we spent together on the farm？去掉when或when→that/which
7．I don’t know the reason which he left the company without saying a word.which→why或在which前加for
8．No one believed the reason why Tom had given this morning.去掉why或在why→that/which
9．I will always remember the teacher about whom I learned the importance of communication. about→from
10．The bookstore which I bought my first dictionary has become a restaurant now.which→where或在which前加in
语法与写作
将下列句子合并升级为定语从句。
1．The university is big and beautiful. My brother studies in the university.
The university where/in which my brother studies is big and beautiful．
2．The party turned out to be quite successful. We sang the beautiful song Forever Young at the party.
The party where/at which we sang the beautiful song Forever Young turned out to be quite successful.
3．Do you know the lady? Our English teacher is taking a photo of her.
Do you know the lady whom our English teacher is taking a photo of?
4．Rose knew the year. The Red Cross was founded in the year.
Rose knew the year when/in which the Red Cross was founded.
5．Paul looked so excited today. His friend didn’t know the real reason.
Paul’s friend didn’t know the real reason why/for which he looked so excited today.
6．We paid a visit to that coffee shop last summer. A writer wrote his famous book in the coffee shop.
Last summer we paid a visit to the coffee shop where/in which a writer wrote his famous book.
7．We’ll go to hear the famous singer. We often talked about the famous singer.
We’ll go to hear the famous singer whom we often talked about．
8．She has three sons. All of her sons are abroad now.
She has three sons, all of whom are abroad now.
9．There are sixty students in our class. Thirty of the students in our class are boys.
There are sixty students in our class, thirty of whom are boys.
10．He wrote many children’s books. Nearly half of the children’s books were published in the 1990s.
He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of which were published in the 1990s.
单句语法填空
1．I’ll never forget the day when I joined the football club.
2．Xi’an is the place where I was born.
3．He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so sad.
4．Do you still remember the day when we met on the train for the first time?
5．We visited the hospital where I was born thirty years ago.
6．The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year has risen to one million.
7．They have reached the stage where they are going to get married.
8．The car whose window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown.
9．This is the primary school where both my brother and I stayed for six years.
10．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
阅读理解
A
Clara Barton, born on Christmas in 1821, is widely known as one of the most honoured women in American history. She began teaching school when most teachers were men at that time. Later, she became one of the first women ever to be employed(雇用) by the government.
Her career in helping the sick began when her brother David became her first patient. He fell down from the roof of a house when Clara was just 11 years old. She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.
When the Civil War began in 1861, she immediately recognised that the poorly equipped soldiers needed help. Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learnt how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.
After the Battle of Cedar Mountain in northern Virginia in 1862, Clara arrived at a field hospital at midnight with a vehicle full of supplies. A doctor named Paul Smith at that hospital would later write, “I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night—her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”
In 1869, Clara went to Europe and learnt about the International Committee of the Red Cross. Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross. She led the organisation for the next 23 years. Her last field mission(使命) as leader of the American Red Cross was to help the victims of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. She did not retire from the American Red Cross until she was 83. True to her nature, Clara always went to where the need was the greatest.
Today, the American Red Cross continues the mission Clara started more than 100 years ago. With the help of thousands of volunteers, the American Red Cross provides relief to victims of disasters, as well as helps people prevent, prepare for and respond to all sorts of emergencies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国伟大的女性克拉拉·巴顿以及她对社会的贡献。
1．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Clara Barton was ________．
A．honest B．caring
C．talented D．modest
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.可知，克拉拉·巴顿是体贴关心他人的。故选B项。
2．After the Civil War broke out, Clara Barton________.
A．joined the army and fought bravely
B．went to Europe for further study
C．continued to work as a teacher
D．did a lot to help soldiers
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learnt how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.可知，内战爆发后，克拉拉·巴顿做了很多事情帮助士兵。故选D项。
3．Seeing Clara Barton’s arrival, Dr Smith must have felt ________．
A．excited and grateful
B．proud and joyful
C．shy and nervous
D．sad and sorry
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night—her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”可知，史密斯医生看见克拉拉·巴顿的到来一定是既兴奋又感激。故选A项。
4．What is mainly described in Paragraph 5 ?
A．The aim of the American Red Cross.
B．The importance of voluntary donations.
C．Clara Barton and the American Red Cross.
D．Clara Barton’s contributions to the Civil War.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第五段中的Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross.可知，本段主要介绍了克拉拉·巴顿和美国红十字会。故选C项。
B
She was born to wealth and power in a time when money and politics were left to the men.Later，as the publisher of The Washington Post(华盛顿邮报), Katharine Graham became one of America’s most powerful women.
Katharine loved journalism and got a job after college at The Washington Post, the newspaper her father bought in 1933.At the Post, Katharine met Phil Graham, a lawyer who became her husband.Then, in 1945, Katharine’s father chose Phil to take over his paper.Katharine didn’t object(反对) and stayed at home as a wife and mother.
While Phil succeeded in his career, he also suffered from severe depression.When Phil committed suicide(自杀), the 46?year?old Katharine found herself thrown into a new job, that of newspaper publisher. But determined to save the family paper for her children, Katharine met the challenge of running the Post, working endlessly to prove herself to her critics(批评家), and becoming the very famous woman of Washington.
In 1971, Katharine ordered the Post to print a copy of the Pentagon Papers(五角大楼文件), the top?secret papers revealing the truth about the Vietnam War. What’s more，her brave decision and support for her journalists prepared the Post to break the most important political story in modern history: Watergate(水门事件)．Katharine managed to control the most disordered situations when it was reported, all the time insisting the news stories be true and fair. Watergate made The Washington Post an internationally famous paper and Katharine was considered as the most powerful woman in America.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物介绍，讲述了Katharine Graham如何从一名家庭主妇成为一名成功的报纸出版商的故事。
5．Katharine Graham was born in a time when women were not supposed to ________．
A．achieve their goals
B．have their own jobs
C．get a good education
D．enter business and politics
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在当时，女性被认为不应该进入商业和政治领域。
6．When her husband was chosen to take over the Post，Katharine Graham ________．
A．was willing to take her share of duty
B．didn’t believe he would do a good job
C．was strongly against the decision
D．was not happy
A 解析：细节理解题。 由第二段最后一句可知，当丈夫被选为《华盛顿邮报》的接班人时，Katharine没有反对，并在家里当起了贤妻良母，即承担起自己的那部分责任。
7．Which of the following statements about Katharine Graham is TRUE?
A．She was successful in her career but suffered from severe depression.
B．When she took over the Post，the critics doubted her ability.
C．It was her husband who made the greatest contributions to the Post.
D．She was powerful in her early life because of her background.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第三段最后一句中的“working endlessly to prove herself to her critics(批评家)”可知，Katharine努力工作向她的批评者们证明自己，故可推知，当时批评家们怀疑她的能力。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Ups and Downs of The Washington Post
B．Katharine Graham: From Housewife to Successful Publisher
C．Katharine Graham’s Family Life and Career
D．Katharine Graham: A Successful Woman
B 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Katharine Graham如何从一名家庭主妇成为一名成功的报纸出版商的故事，故B项为最佳答案。
语法填空
I am working in a small company. A few 1.____________(week) ago, a girl who worked as 2.____________ secretary in our company was diagnosed(诊断) with brain cancer. All of the employees in our company helped to raise money for her.
She is from a 3.____________(relative) poor family and she lost her father when she was 15 years old. Now, she is a single parent with a 3?year?old daughter and there is no one to look after her kid. Her monthly income is only $200 4.____________it is very difficult for her family 5.____________(bear) the expenses of her treatment.
When we knew about her situation, we wanted to help her, so we 6.____________(report) her problem to the top level management and our HR Department.7.____________fact, we were willing to give some of our salaries(薪水) to her. So far, we 8.____________(raise) about $1, 333 for her post?operative care expenses.
Now she is back from the hospital and is getting better day by day. Yesterday we went to meet her at her house. She was very 9.____________(thank) to all the people who had helped her with her medical 10.____________(treat) generously.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者公司的一位同事得了癌症，公司员工为其捐款，其病得以好转的故事。
1．weeks 解析：考查名词复数。a few后面接可数名词复数形式，所以填weeks。
2．a 解析：考查冠词。此处指“一个”，且secretary以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。
3．relatively 解析：考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词poor，句意为“她来自一个相对贫穷的家庭”。所以填relatively。
4．so 解析：考查连词。空格前后存在逻辑上的因果关系，所以填连词so。
5．to bear 解析：考查非谓语动词。此句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
6．reported 解析：考查动词时态。根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，所以填reported。
7．In 解析：考查介词。in fact是固定搭配，表示“事实上”。
8．have raised 解析：考查动词时态。根据so far可知，此处用现在完成时，所以填have raised。
9．thankful 解析：考查形容词。根据空格前面的very可知，此处填thank的形容词形式。
10．treatment 解析：考查名词。根据空格前的形容词medical可知，此处应用名词，所以填treatment。
短文改错
I consider my parents as most important people in my life. This is not because they’re wealth or famous. Actually, what touches me most is that they are always trying to take good care about me.
Although my parents work hard every day, but they’re always there for me. Whenever I get into trouble and bad need a hand, they come over first to encouraging me. I get a lot of support from my parent and I’ll never forget their care and love. Gratefulness bring great fullness to my life, and I wish he could always be happy and healthy. It is high time that we expressing our gratitude to people we love!
答案：
I consider my parents as most important people in my life. This is not because they’re or famous. Actually, what touches me most is that they are always trying to take good care me.
Although my parents work hard every day, they’re always there for me. Whenever I get into trouble and need a hand, they come over first to me. I get a lot of support from my and I’ll never forget their care and love. Gratefulness great fullness to my life, and I wish could always be happy and healthy. It is high time that we our gratitude to people we love!
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅳ Grammar
单句语法填空
1．I’ll never forget the day when I joined the football club.
2．Xi’an is the place where I was born.
3．He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so sad.
4．Do you still remember the day when we met on the train for the first time?
5．We visited the hospital where I was born thirty years ago.
6．The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year has risen to one million.
7．They have reached the stage where they are going to get married.
8．The car whose window got broken in the accident belongs to Mr Brown.
9．This is the primary school where both my brother and I stayed for six years.
10．We went through a period when communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
阅读理解
A
Clara Barton, born on Christmas in 1821, is widely known as one of the most honoured women in American history. She began teaching school when most teachers were men at that time. Later, she became one of the first women ever to be employed(雇用) by the government.
Her career in helping the sick began when her brother David became her first patient. He fell down from the roof of a house when Clara was just 11 years old. She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.
When the Civil War began in 1861, she immediately recognised that the poorly equipped soldiers needed help. Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learnt how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.
After the Battle of Cedar Mountain in northern Virginia in 1862, Clara arrived at a field hospital at midnight with a vehicle full of supplies. A doctor named Paul Smith at that hospital would later write, “I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night—her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”
In 1869, Clara went to Europe and learnt about the International Committee of the Red Cross. Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross. She led the organisation for the next 23 years. Her last field mission(使命) as leader of the American Red Cross was to help the victims of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. She did not retire from the American Red Cross until she was 83. True to her nature, Clara always went to where the need was the greatest.
Today, the American Red Cross continues the mission Clara started more than 100 years ago. With the help of thousands of volunteers, the American Red Cross provides relief to victims of disasters, as well as helps people prevent, prepare for and respond to all sorts of emergencies.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国伟大的女性克拉拉·巴顿以及她对社会的贡献。
1．We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Clara Barton was ________．
A．honest B．caring
C．talented D．modest
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.可知，克拉拉·巴顿是体贴关心他人的。故选B项。
2．After the Civil War broke out, Clara Barton________.
A．joined the army and fought bravely
B．went to Europe for further study
C．continued to work as a teacher
D．did a lot to help soldiers
D 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learnt how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.可知，内战爆发后，克拉拉·巴顿做了很多事情帮助士兵。故选D项。
3．Seeing Clara Barton’s arrival, Dr Smith must have felt ________．
A．excited and grateful
B．proud and joyful
C．shy and nervous
D．sad and sorry
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night—her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”可知，史密斯医生看见克拉拉·巴顿的到来一定是既兴奋又感激。故选A项。
4．What is mainly described in Paragraph 5 ?
A．The aim of the American Red Cross.
B．The importance of voluntary donations.
C．Clara Barton and the American Red Cross.
D．Clara Barton’s contributions to the Civil War.
C 解析：段落大意题。根据文章第五段中的Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross.可知，本段主要介绍了克拉拉·巴顿和美国红十字会。故选C项。
B
She was born to wealth and power in a time when money and politics were left to the men.Later，as the publisher of The Washington Post(华盛顿邮报), Katharine Graham became one of America’s most powerful women.
Katharine loved journalism and got a job after college at The Washington Post, the newspaper her father bought in 1933.At the Post, Katharine met Phil Graham, a lawyer who became her husband.Then, in 1945, Katharine’s father chose Phil to take over his paper.Katharine didn’t object(反对) and stayed at home as a wife and mother.
While Phil succeeded in his career, he also suffered from severe depression.When Phil committed suicide(自杀), the 46?year?old Katharine found herself thrown into a new job, that of newspaper publisher. But determined to save the family paper for her children, Katharine met the challenge of running the Post, working endlessly to prove herself to her critics(批评家), and becoming the very famous woman of Washington.
In 1971, Katharine ordered the Post to print a copy of the Pentagon Papers(五角大楼文件), the top?secret papers revealing the truth about the Vietnam War. What’s more，her brave decision and support for her journalists prepared the Post to break the most important political story in modern history: Watergate(水门事件)．Katharine managed to control the most disordered situations when it was reported, all the time insisting the news stories be true and fair. Watergate made The Washington Post an internationally famous paper and Katharine was considered as the most powerful woman in America.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物介绍，讲述了Katharine Graham如何从一名家庭主妇成为一名成功的报纸出版商的故事。
5．Katharine Graham was born in a time when women were not supposed to ________．
A．achieve their goals
B．have their own jobs
C．get a good education
D．enter business and politics
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在当时，女性被认为不应该进入商业和政治领域。
6．When her husband was chosen to take over the Post，Katharine Graham ________．
A．was willing to take her share of duty
B．didn’t believe he would do a good job
C．was strongly against the decision
D．was not happy
A 解析：细节理解题。 由第二段最后一句可知，当丈夫被选为《华盛顿邮报》的接班人时，Katharine没有反对，并在家里当起了贤妻良母，即承担起自己的那部分责任。
7．Which of the following statements about Katharine Graham is TRUE?
A．She was successful in her career but suffered from severe depression.
B．When she took over the Post，the critics doubted her ability.
C．It was her husband who made the greatest contributions to the Post.
D．She was powerful in her early life because of her background.
B 解析：推理判断题。由第三段最后一句中的“working endlessly to prove herself to her critics(批评家)”可知，Katharine努力工作向她的批评者们证明自己，故可推知，当时批评家们怀疑她的能力。
8．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Ups and Downs of The Washington Post
B．Katharine Graham: From Housewife to Successful Publisher
C．Katharine Graham’s Family Life and Career
D．Katharine Graham: A Successful Woman
B 解析：标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了Katharine Graham如何从一名家庭主妇成为一名成功的报纸出版商的故事，故B项为最佳答案。
语法填空
I am working in a small company. A few 1.____________(week) ago, a girl who worked as 2.____________ secretary in our company was diagnosed(诊断) with brain cancer. All of the employees in our company helped to raise money for her.
She is from a 3.____________(relative) poor family and she lost her father when she was 15 years old. Now, she is a single parent with a 3?year?old daughter and there is no one to look after her kid. Her monthly income is only $200 4.____________it is very difficult for her family 5.____________(bear) the expenses of her treatment.
When we knew about her situation, we wanted to help her, so we 6.____________(report) her problem to the top level management and our HR Department.7.____________fact, we were willing to give some of our salaries(薪水) to her. So far, we 8.____________(raise) about $1, 333 for her post?operative care expenses.
Now she is back from the hospital and is getting better day by day. Yesterday we went to meet her at her house. She was very 9.____________(thank) to all the people who had helped her with her medical 10.____________(treat) generously.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文中讲述了作者公司的一位同事得了癌症，公司员工为其捐款，其病得以好转的故事。
1．weeks 解析：考查名词复数。a few后面接可数名词复数形式，所以填weeks。
2．a 解析：考查冠词。此处指“一个”，且secretary以辅音音素开头，所以填不定冠词a。
3．relatively 解析：考查副词。此处用副词修饰形容词poor，句意为“她来自一个相对贫穷的家庭”。所以填relatively。
4．so 解析：考查连词。空格前后存在逻辑上的因果关系，所以填连词so。
5．to bear 解析：考查非谓语动词。此句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。
6．reported 解析：考查动词时态。根据语境可知，事情发生在过去，所以填reported。
7．In 解析：考查介词。in fact是固定搭配，表示“事实上”。
8．have raised 解析：考查动词时态。根据so far可知，此处用现在完成时，所以填have raised。
9．thankful 解析：考查形容词。根据空格前面的very可知，此处填thank的形容词形式。
10．treatment 解析：考查名词。根据空格前的形容词medical可知，此处应用名词，所以填treatment。
短文改错
I consider my parents as most important people in my life. This is not because they’re wealth or famous. Actually, what touches me most is that they are always trying to take good care about me.
Although my parents work hard every day, but they’re always there for me. Whenever I get into trouble and bad need a hand, they come over first to encouraging me. I get a lot of support from my parent and I’ll never forget their care and love. Gratefulness bring great fullness to my life, and I wish he could always be happy and healthy. It is high time that we expressing our gratitude to people we love!
答案：
I consider my parents as most important people in my life. This is not because they’re or famous. Actually, what touches me most is that they are always trying to take good care me.
Although my parents work hard every day, they’re always there for me. Whenever I get into trouble and need a hand, they come over first to me. I get a lot of support from my and I’ll never forget their care and love. Gratefulness great fullness to my life, and I wish could always be happy and healthy. It is high time that we our gratitude to people we love!
PAGE
- 1 -
Section Ⅴ Writing
描写人物
文体感知
人物简介主要是简单介绍某人的生平，从外貌到性格，从事迹到品质来进行描述。写作过程中要理清人物的基本信息、重要事迹、对社会的贡献或影响以及作者对人物的评价。要明确文章结构：开头部分陈述人物出生的时间、地点和家庭背景；第二部分列举人物的生平、主要经历、事迹或成就；第三部分描述人们的评价或表达自己的感受。
增分佳句
①He/She was one of the greatest scientists/musicians in the 20th century, who was such a learned/strong?willed person that we all admire him/her very much.
他/她是二十世纪一位伟大的医药学家/音乐家，是一位我们都非常钦佩的博学的/有坚强意志的人。
②Born in 1911, he/she studied at a local high school and graduated from Beijing University.
出生于1911年，他/她在一所当地的高中上学，并毕业于北京大学。
③He achieved great success in literature, which enabled him to win the Nobel Prize.
他在文学方面取得了巨大的成就，使他获得了诺贝尔奖。
④She/He made great contributions to the whole world. So she/he was thought highly of by many people.
她/他对整个世界做出了巨大的贡献。因此人们对她/他评价很高。
写作模板
Born in _______(地点) in_______(时间)，_______(人名) is a well?known scientist/musician. ________(人名) studied at a local high school and graduated from _______(大学). __________ devoted all her/his life to ________. __________ made great contributions to the whole world/country. ________ is thought highly of by ________．
写作要求
请根据以下内容写一篇100词左右的文章介绍美国著名歌手、音乐家、诗人鲍勃·迪伦。
姓名 鲍勃·迪伦(Bob Dylan)
出生地 美国
出生日期 1941年
音乐风格 遵守美国音乐的传统
经历 少年时期展示出音乐天赋；在高中时就组建了自己的乐队； 在读大学期间，对民谣产生兴趣；1961年，鲍勃·迪伦开始致力于音乐
成就 2016年，鲍勃·迪伦获得诺贝尔文学奖
评价 作品充满创造力；为美国以及世界的文化做出了巨大的贡献
审题谋篇
词汇推敲
1．遵守 observe/follow
2．展示某人在某方面的天赋 show one’s great talent in
3．建立 set up
4．对……感兴趣 show great interest in
5．致力于 devote oneself to
6．做贡献 make contributions to
遣词造句
1. 完成句子
①鲍勃·迪伦在1941年出生于美国，是美国著名的歌手、音乐家、诗人。
Bob Dylan was born in America in 1941 and he is a famous singer, musician and poet in America.
②他在上高中时就建立了自己的乐队。
When he was in high school, he set up a band of his own．
③他去上大学，并对民谣产生了兴趣。
He went to college and then he showed great interest in folk music.
2．句式升级
④用非谓语动词作状语改写句①
Born in America in 1941, Bob Dylan is a famous singer, musician and poet in America.
⑤用强调句式强调状语从句改写句②
It was when he was in high school that he set up a band of his own.
妙笔成篇
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Born in America in 1941, Bob Dylan is a famous singer, musician and poet in America, who has observed the tradition of American music all the way.
When he was young, he showed his great talent in music. It was when he was in high school that he set up a band of his own. He went to college, during which he showed great interest in folk music. In 1961, he began to devote himself to music.
Bob Dylan, whose works are full of creativity, makes great contributions to the culture of America and the world. Bob Dylan has achieved great success in music and literature, which enabled him to win the Nobel Prize.
2018年是我国古代伟大的医学家、药物学家李时珍诞辰500周年。请你根据以下要点给你校英语刊物写一篇短文，让更多的人了解这位伟大的医药学家。
1．李时珍于1518年7月3日出生于湖北省，在家人的影响下，他对医学产生了兴趣；
2．他读了大量的医学书，为寻草药他去了很多地方，拜访了很多人，甚至以身试药，历时27年完成巨著《本草纲目》；
3．李时珍于1593年逝世，他因对世界医学所做出的巨大贡献而名垂后世。
参考词汇：药物学家 pharmacologist 草药 herb
贡献 contribution
注意： 1.词数100左右：
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Born on July 3, 1518 in Hubei Province, Li Shizhen was a great medical scientist and pharmacologist. Under the influence of his family, he developed an interest in medicine. He read a large number of books about medicine and took lots of notes. To find certain herbs, he went to plenty of places and called on a large number of people. He even did experiments on himself. What’s more, no matter what difficulty and danger he met, he never gave up. Finally, it took him 27 years to write the great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, which is a collection of Chinese herbs. And he died in 1593.
Li Shizhen is remembered for his great contributions to the world medicine.
PAGE
- 1 -
单元过关检测(五)
(时间：120分钟，满分：150分)
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．Who does the man think the girl is?
A．Lily.
B．Sara.
C．Ann.
2．What is the man’s plan for tonight?
A．To visit a friend.
B．To see a movie.
C．To go swimming.
3．When will the two speakers go rock?climbing?
A．On Sunday.
B．On Saturday.
C．On Monday.
4．What’s the weather like now?
A．Rainy.
B．Sunny.
C．Cloudy.
5．What is the man’s decision?
A．To get his phone repaired today.
B．To lend his phone to the woman.
C．To buy a phone for the woman.
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6．Where will the two speakers probably buy a bed?
A．At Pricerite.
B．At IKEA.
C．At Design 2000.
7．What do the two speakers need to buy for their study room?
A．A chair.
B．A lamp.
C．A bookshelf.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8．What does the man usually do every week?
A．He does the washing?up.
B．He washes the clothes.
C．He cleans the car.
9．What does the man promise to do starting this weekend?
A．Buy the vegetables.
B．Clean the kitchen.
C．Cook the meals.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10．What’s the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A．Teacher and parent.
B．Doctor and patient.
C．Father and daughter.
11．Why was Billy probably absent on the day of the eye check?
A．He went to buy glasses.
B．He did his homework at home.
C．He was afraid of the eye check.
12．Which grade is Billy in now?
A．The fourth grade.
B．The fifth grade.
C．The sixth grade.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13．What day is today?
A．Friday.
B．Saturday.
C．Sunday.
14．How many tickets are left for the 8 pm show?
A．Six.
B．Eight.
C．Ten.
15．Why doesn’t the man want tickets for the 8 pm show?
A．The time is a little late.
B．There are no seats together.
C．His friend can’t make it in time.
16．What will the man probably do next?
A．See another movie.
B．Drive to another theater.
C．Order tickets for tomorrow.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17．What does Sheila do?
A．A travel agent.
B．A hotel manager.
C．A secretary.
18．When will Robert leave for London?
A．At 5：00 pm.
B．At 6：00 pm.
C．At 8：30 am.
19．What will Robert first do when he arrives?
A．Rent a car.
B．Book a hotel.
C．Find the driver.
20．How long will Robert stay in London?
A．Two days.
B．Three days.
C．Four days.
答案：1－5.CCACB 6－10.CBCBA 11－15.CAACC 16－20.CACCC
听力材料
(Text 1)
W：Tom, is that your friend Sara over there?
M：What, Lily？Oh, that can’t be Sara.She is visiting her grandmother in the country right now, so that must be her sister Ann.①They look alike.
(Text 2)
W：Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?
M：I’d like to, but I’ve already planned to go swimming with my friend Tina.②
(Text 3)
M：I have to start working on Monday, so I’m going rock?climbing on Saturday.③Would you like to come along?
W：I’d love to, but I have to watch my sister.How about the day after?
M：That’s great！③
(Text 4)
W：Look at the sky.It really looks like it’ll rain soon.④
M：I don’t think so.It was like this yesterday, but the sun eventually came out.
W：Perhaps you are right. So what will you do if it doesn’t rain?
M：I’ll go to the park.
(Text 5)
W：Can I borrow your phone, Tim？⑤
M：I’m sorry, but you broke it the last time you borrowed it.I really don’t want to get it repaired again.
W：Don’t worry.I’ll be more careful this time.
M：All right, but it’s your last chance.⑤
(Text 6)
M：Shopping for furniture can be such a pain！It’s so crowded here!
W：Let’s write down the prices first.A nice sofa is about $400; bookshelves are $250 each; a bed is $120; and a dining table and chairs are $600 a set.You know, I think we can get a cheaper sofa at IKEA, and we can get the bed, the dining table and chairs from Design 2000.⑥
M：That’s good.Wait a minute.One more thing, we need a lamp for our study room, remember？⑦ I think we can get a nice one from Pricerite for about $150.
W：Yes, that’s right!
(Text 7)
W：Oh, no！Not again！This happens every day.
M：What’s wrong?
W：Look at this mess, Jim！You have your supper and never do the washing?up afterwards.
M：I don’t do the washing?up but I wash the car every week.⑧
W：I don’t care about that.You never help me with the housework!
M：That’s not true, darling.I buy the vegetables and prepare your meals, right?
W：So what！The kitchen’s always a mess afterwards.You always cook the meals and then I do the rest every day.
M：OK, OK, I will clean the kitchen starting this weekend.⑨
(Text 8)
W：You’re Billy’s father, aren’t you?
M：Yes, I am.He brought a note home saying you wanted to see me.⑩
W：I’m sorry to ask you to come in today, but I’m worried about Billy’s schoolwork.
M：Well, I know sometimes he doesn’t obey his teacher and sometimes he doesn’t do his homework.
W：I don’t think that’s really the problem.He’s a shy boy and he doesn’t always obey, but I think the main problem is that he needs glasses.
M：He just had his eyes checked here at school, didn’t he?
W：No, he was absent that day.Maybe he was afraid of the eye check.? Anyhow, he has to do better work or he’ll have to repeat the fourth grade next year while his friends go to the fifth.?
M：That wouldn’t be good.His brothers in the sixth and the eighth grades have never had any trouble.We don’t want Billy to, either.
(Text 9)
W：Welcome to Friday Cinema.?Would you like to order a movie ticket?
M：Umm... When is Cinderella showing?
W：There are five shows today.One at noon, and then at 2 pm, 5 pm, 8 pm, and 11 pm.There’s one other showing time on the weekend, at midnight.That means you can enjoy a midnight show tomorrow.
M：OK. I’d like six tickets for the 11 pm show tonight.Are there still 6 tickets available that are seated together?
W：Sorry.There are only three tickets left for that showing.How about the 8 pm showing？There are still ten tickets left for that one.?
M：But I have a friend who doesn’t get off work till 8 pm, so he won’t catch the beginning of the movie.?
W：If he can come right away, he’ll probably miss only the first ten minutes.
M：He works about an hour’s drive from this movie theater, so he will never be able to make it in time.
W：Would you like to see another movie then?
M：No, we all want to see this one. Is there any way that we could buy tickets now for tomorrow?
W：Yes, you can order tickets now for tomorrow.?
(Text 10)
M：Hi, this is Robert Pierce.I’m out of the office until six o’clock this afternoon.Please leave a message.
W：Hello, Mr Pierce.This is Sheila Lancaster from Terrific Travel.You asked us to arrange your trip to London.? And I have booked Flight AA4160 at 8：30 am on July 31st with American Airlines.? When the plane lands in London, please look for a man holding a sign with your name on it.He will drive you to the hotel.? You’re booked into the Hilton London Tower Bridge Hotel for four days, with a return flight scheduled for 5 pm on August 4th.? If you have any questions, Mr Pierce, please give me a call at 559?3447.Again, my name is Sheila Lancaster, and thank you for choosing Terrific Travel.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
On today’s blog post, I’ll be talking about my favorite magazines.I love reading books and magazines, and I’m learning so many useful tips about healthy living, daily life and so on.
Women’s Health
Women’s Health has unique content.You can find a lot of interesting information about healthy living or exercise you can do at home.I love it mainly because its writers can explain every topic so clearly that I can even understand biological articles.I read this magazine at the beginning of the month because I get motivation(动力) after reading it.
Healthy Food Guide
I totally recommend it to everyone because it has a lot of useful information about being healthy during your daily life. In this magazine, you can find articles about foods that you often eat but don’ t know what they contain or if they’re healthy. There are also recipes(食谱) you can try at home easily.
Time Out
Time Out is a well?known magazine and it’s free in my city. Every time I see a Time Out magazine, I get it because it has lots of useful tips. I got Time Out London when I was in London, and I discovered new restaurants, museums, and events. This magazine has a lot of information about the city life. For example, it gives you the events that are happening near you. It also gives you tips on the railway stations.
La Cucina Italiana
If you love cooking Italian food, this magazine is for you! It has lots of recipes and also restaurant reviews. You can also find popular restaurants near you in this magazine. I’ve also read articles by famous cooks from my city.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几本作者最喜欢的日常生活杂志。
21．Why does the author like Women’s Health?
A．It contains articles about many topics.
B．It has some useful biological articles.
C．Its articles are easy to understand.
D．Its content is about women’s life.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据Women’s Health部分的I love it mainly because its writers can explain every topic so clearly that I can even understand biological articles.可知，作者喜欢这本杂志是因为里面文章的作者们把内容解释得很清楚。
22．To find comments on restaurants, we can read ________.
A．Women’s Health
B．Healthy Food Guide
C．Time Out
D．La Cucina Italiana
D 解析：细节理解题。根据La Cucina Italiana部分的It has lots of recipes and also restaurant reviews.可知，这本杂志上有很多菜谱和对饭店的评价。
23．From the text, we can learn that the author________.
A．loves and enjoys life
B．is good at cooking
C．is fond of travelling
D．likes collecting recipes
A 解析：推理判断题。根据全文内容可以推断出，作者兴趣广泛，是一个热爱享受生活的人。
B
I’ve always been interested in computers and technology, and I made a few apps(应用程序) for the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. I’d like to share a couple with you today.My first app is “Earth Fortune”．My favorite and most successful app is “Bustin Jieber”—which is a Justin Bieber whack?a?mole(打地鼠游戏)．I created it because a lot of people at school disliked the pop star a little bit, so I decided to make the app. I released(发布) it on December 21, 2010.
A lot of people asked me, how did I make these? A lot of times it’s because the person who asked the question wants to make an app also.Where do you go to find out how to make an app? Well, this is how I got close to it, and this is what I did.
First of all, I’d already been programming in many programming languages to get the basics down, such as Python, C, Java, etc. And then Apple released the iPhone with the software development kit(软件开发工具包)—a set of tools for creating and programming an iPhone app. This opened up a whole new world of possibilities for me, and after playing with the kit a little bit, I made a couple of test apps. I persuaded my parents to pay 99 dollars to be able to put my apps on the App Store. They agreed, and now I have apps on the App Store.
I’ve gotten a lot of creative ideas from Steve Jobs, and I’ve started an app club at school with the help of my teacher. Any student at my school can come and learn how to design an app.
I’d like to finish up by saying what I’d like to do in the future.I’m working with a third party company to make an app. My next goal is to get into Android programming and development, continue my app club, and find other ways for students to share knowledge with others.
That’s all.Thank you!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章选自一位少年应用程序研发者的演讲稿，介绍了他是如何走上应用程序研发之路以及他的未来计划。
24. What can we learn about Bustin Jieber?
A．It is the author’s first app for the iPhone.
B．It was released at the beginning of 2010.
C．It is popular with Justin Bieber fans.
D．It is a whack?a?mole game.
D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的“Bustin Jieber”—which is a Justin Bieber whack?a?mole可知，Bustin Jieber是一款打地鼠游戏的应用程序。
25．What allowed the author possibilities to program?
A．His teacher’s guidance.
B．Test apps on the App Store.
C．Apple’s software development kit.
D．The Java programming language.
C 解析：细节理解题。由第三段中的Apple released the iPhone with the software development kit(软件开发工具包)...This opened up a whole new world of possibilities for me可知，本段作者介绍了他开始研发应用程序的过程。他先学会了多种编程语言，后来苹果公司推出的iPhone软件开发工具包给他打开了程序设计之门。
26．What did the author do after he finished his test apps?
A．He bought an iPhone.
B．He met with Steve Jobs.
C．He sold them to the App Store.
D．He asked his parents for support.
D 解析：推理判断题。由第三段中的I persuaded my parents to pay 99 dollars to be able to put my apps on the App Store.They agreed可知，作者劝说父母支持他的应用程序设计。
27．What’s the author’s future plan?
A．To set up an app club.
B．To design an Android app.
C．To put his apps on the App Store.
D．To share his apps with others for free.
B 解析：细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的I’m working with a third party company to make an app.My next goal is to get into Android programming and development可知，作者未来的计划是研发安卓系统的应用程序。
C
There are many things that America’s veterans(老兵) wish you knew. The first and most important thing among them: You don’t have to wear a cape(短斗篷) or mask to be a hero.
On Veterans Day, we’re reminded that heroes live in cities, communities，and neighborhoods around the country—and they don’t necessarily wear military(军人的) uniforms. Considering the uncertain times in which we live, we may feel that the world needs more heroes, and you could be one of them. You don’t have to change the whole world! Just make it a better place and take one positive step at a time. In his book Heroes Wanted, Rodney Bullard, a U．S. Air Force Veteran and Chick?fil?A executive, explains how：
Start with recognizing the gifts of people in your community, and telling them about them. Maybe a teacher is extremely good at dealing with children, or a kid is performing really well in team sports. Tell them so! You will make others feel good about themselves, and you’ll feel great about bringing sunshine into their lives. When you create an optimistic atmosphere in your neighborhood, you’ll build trust and be able to solve even more difficult problems.
Do something nice for someone in need. When you open the door for an old man or volunteer at the local school, you’re giving your time and energy to your community. You will become a hero to them because you’re putting others ahead of yourself.
Reach out to other people and be a part of their lives. The simple act of reaching out shows people that you care about them and their well?being. The person with whom you connect can be completely different from you. What matters is that you show your interest in their lives. And they will no doubt think about the world of you. You’ll be a hero to them.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。我们每一个人都可以成为一个英雄，因为让我们的社区变得更好就是英雄的行为。
28．What do we learn about heroes from Paragraph 2?
A．We all can be heroes today.
B．Heroes play different roles.
C．We all should respect heroes.
D．Heroes dream of changing the world.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的Considering the uncertain times in which we live, we may feel that the world needs more heroes, and you could be one of them.可知，我们每个人都可以成为英雄。
29．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Things people don’t know about themselves.
B．The gifts we receive from others.
C．The talents of people around us.
D．People in our community.
C 解析：代词指代题。根据第三段的Start with recognizing the gifts of people in your community, and telling them about...以及Maybe a teacher is extremely good at dealing with children, or a kid is performing really well in team sports. Tell them so！可知，画线词指代的是别人所拥有的天赋。
30．What is suggested by the author in Paragraph 4?
A．Wearing a cape to be a hero.
B．Accepting others’ differences.
C．Giving others a hand when necessary.
D．Asking others for help when we’re in need.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段的Do something nice for someone in need. When you open the door for an old man or volunteer at the local school, you’re giving your time and energy to your community.可知，作者建议我们在必要的时候帮助他人。
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to be a hero today.
B．What veterans teach us.
C．What heroes usually do.
D．How to improve the community.
A 解析：主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，本文主要是讲现在的我们该如何成为英雄。
D
Bats(蝙蝠) can fly a great distance, but they also have another ability. Many bats live a very long time, which makes some scientists surprised.
European researchers are studying bats to understand why they can live so long.They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.
The group studied bat chromosomes(染色体), a line of genes found in the nucleus of cells. The scientists were most interested in structures connected to the ends of the chromosomes. They are called telomeres(端粒). Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes, which shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what causes aging.
A report on bats was published recently in the journal Science Advances. Emma Teeling is the leader of the study. She said that studying bats enables scientists to learn more about the processes that drive healthy aging.
The European researchers studied 493 bats from four bat species. The group used information that had been gathered over more than 60 years. Of these animals, the greater mouse?eared bat generally lived the longest, an average of 37 years.
The scientists said this and a related species, which are grouped together under the name Myotis, had telomeres that did not shorten with age. Another Myotis bat holds the record for the oldest age, reaching 41 years.
The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to keep and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps protect against the aging process.
Based on its body size, a bat like the greater mouse?eared bat would be expected to live four years. However, they have been found to live nearly 10 times longer than that.
The scientists found that only 19 species of mammals live longer than humans when their body size is considered. Eighteen of these are bats.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。科学家认为细胞分裂引起端粒缩短，从而导致衰老。研究者希望通过研究蝙蝠长寿的原因找到抗击人类衰老的方法。
32．Why did the researchers study bats?
A．To protect bat species.
B．To make bats live longer.
C．To find out the secret of bats’ flying ability.
D．To study how to fight human beings’ aging process.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的They hope to make discoveries aimed at fighting the aging process in human beings.可知，研究者研究蝙蝠是想找出办法对抗人类的衰老。
33．What can lead to aging of bats according to the passage?
A．The cells’ disappearing.
B．The telomeres’ shortening.
C．The chromosomes’ combining.
D．The telomeres’ breaking down.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes, which shorten each time a cell divides. Scientists believe this shortening process causes cells to break down. They say this is what causes aging.可知，端粒随着细胞分裂变短，从而导致衰老。
34．Why do Myotis bats have telomeres that do not shorten with age?
A．They eat special food.
B．They have a larger body size.
C．They have special cells.
D．They have special genes.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的The scientists’ findings suggest that these bats’ cells have the ability to keep and repair their telomeres. This, they said, helps protect against the aging process.可知，这类蝙蝠的细胞有自动保持和修复端粒的能力，这有助于对抗衰老。
35．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Why Can Bats Live a Long Life?
B．Why Are Bats Different from Us?
C．How Can Bats Fly a Long Distance?
D．Why Do Bats Live Longer than Humans?
A 解析：标题归纳题。全文主要叙述研究者希望通过研究蝙蝠长寿的原因找到抗击人类衰老的方法。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
“Could you load(把碗碟放入) the dishwasher？” How many times have we asked our teenage children to do a chore(家务活) and found later that it was done so poorly that we have to finish the job？36.________Kate Kelly, author of The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Parenting a Teenager, has some suggestions.
37．________
Don’t expect teens already know how to do something. Kelly says, “We left my teenage daughter alone for a few days. 38.________ What a mess！” If you explain a chore, you will probably find it’s been done well.
Use the team method.
Kelly says, “We do so much for our kids. 39.________”So, according to Kelly, when teens do something like cleaning the floor, they enjoy giving something back to the family. “And always remember teens should be thanked and praised.”
Give one task at a time.
If you can’t stand how clothes are always being left on the floor, don’t let your teens get away with it. 40.________ Tell them that if they keep throwing their clothes on the floor, they won’t be allowed to see their friends at the weekend, and that’s it.
Keep chores gender?neutral(不分性别的)
Don’t leave all the kitchen chores for daughters, and jobs like washing the car or fixing things for sons.
A．Explain the job.
B．Remember to say thank you.
C．However, she had no idea how to separate rubbish.
D．Watering the plants can be a good way of relaxation.
E．We drive them everywhere, and help with their homework.
F．Few parents are happy with the way housework is done by their teenagers.
G．Make them pick the clothes up, but don’t add on other chores at the same time.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。想让青少年子女帮忙做好家务，父母应该怎么做呢？
36．F 解析：F项中的Few parents are happy with the way housework is done与上文it was done so poorly形成语义上的关联，即青少年帮忙做的家务很糟糕，很少能让父母满意。
37．A 解析：本空需要填一个小标题，选项中符合小标题特征的有A项和B项，其中A项与下文Don’t expect teens already know how to do something和explain a chore相呼应。
38．C 解析：C项中的had no idea how to separate rubbish与本空后面的What a mess形成语义上的关联。
39．E 解析：E项是对本空前的We do so much for our kids.的举例说明。
40．G 解析：G项中的clothes和上文中的clothes相呼应，且G项中的don’t add on other chores at the same time与本空所在部分的小标题相呼应。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I have suffered from depression(抑郁症) from a young age, and it heavily influenced my teenage years. After a long struggle(斗争), I found __41__ and it changed my life.
My depression really started after my family __42__ to the UK when I was about eleven years old.Getting used to life in a foreign country was very __43__. Friends I knew were gone, and the change in environment, school and family life __44__ my depression. I had a lot of __45__ in life.This made it feel impossible for me to __46__. For years I woke up a lot in the middle of the nights, __47__ and unable to deal with my depression.
At the time, I didn’t understand it was a(n) __48__. I remember one day I was coming back home after playing in the park, I couldn’t __49__strength(力气) to get myself home. I leaned(倚靠) against a wall and __50__. It felt like I was carrying the world on my shoulders. I never really turned to anyone either, __51__ I felt there wasn’t anyone who could help with my __52__. Looking back now I know I was __53__ and I could have dealt with things better.
What turned around my life was __54__ street dancing.
I was encouraged by a friend, and I __55__ taking classes at a studio(练功房) in London. I then went out and __56__ a lot of other dancers to practise and train with. It gave me a __57__， and the happiness I got from it helped me __58__ my depression. The dancing helped change my life and my studies.
My __59__ to anyone who might go through something like this is to reach out for help. __60__ myself up means that I can get help when I need it. My friends have offered me their support when I need someone to talk with.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者十一岁时跟随父母移居到英国。环境、生活的突然改变让作者变得抑郁，生活受到了很大的影响。后来，在朋友的鼓励下，作者开始跳舞，开始与人交往。渐渐地作者从抑郁中走了出来。这段经历使作者明白，我们要勇敢面对遇到的问题，善于敞开心扉，向他人求助。
41．A.work B．dance
C．love D．music
B 解析：由下文中的street dancing以及 The dancing helped change my life and my studies可知，“我”发现了“舞蹈(dance)”，它改变了我的生活。
42．A.travelled B．drove
C．moved D．rushed
C 解析：由下文中的Getting used to life in a foreign country以及Friends I knew were gone...school and family life可知，此处表示“我”十一岁时，家人“移居(moved)”到英国。
43．A.difficult B．exciting
C．boring D．easy
A 解析：由下文中的Friends I knew were gone...school and family life可知，适应外国的生活很“难(difficult)”。
44．A.treated B．caused
C．stopped D．hid
B 解析：由上文中的My depression really started after...eleven years old以及下文中的unable to deal with my depression可知，环境、学习以及家庭生活的改变“导致，引起(caused)”“我”的抑郁。
45．A.interests B．choices
C．surprises D．troubles
D
46．A.give in B．show up
C．carry on D．stand out
C 解析：由Friends I knew were gone...the change in environment, school and family life以及空前的impossible可知，“我”在生活中碰到了许多“困难(troubles)”，让“我”感到无法“坚持(carry on)”下去。
47．A.sad B．pleased
C．comfortable D．surprised
A 解析：由下文的unable to deal with my depression 可知，“我”无数个夜晚半夜醒来，感到很“难过(sad)”。
48．A.failure B．exercise
C．fear D．illness
D 解析：由下文中的strength以及leaned(倚靠) against a wall可知，作者不知道抑郁是一种“疾病(illness)”，让人浑身无力。
49．A.lose B．increase
C．find D．test
C
50．A.showed off B．got off
C．turned down D．fell down
D 解析：由文中的I leaned(倚靠) against a wall及It felt like I was carrying the world on my shoulders可知，“我”感到“浑身无力(couldn’t find strength)”，回不了家，“我”靠在墙上，“倒了下去(fell down)”。
51．A.as B．but
C．unless D．though
A
52．A.studies B．situation
C．research D．stories
B
53．A.wrong B．strange
C．smart D．fine
A 解析：由上文中的I never really turned to anyone either以及下文中的I could have dealt with things better可知，“我”没有向任何人求助，“因为(as)”“我”认为没有人能帮助“我”走出这个“困境(situation)”。 现在回过头来看， “我”知道自己“错了(wrong)”，“我”本来能够把事情处理得更好。
54．A.giving up B．watching
C．getting into D．teaching
C 解析：由下文中的taking classes at a studio(练功房) in London以及The dancing helped change my life and my studies.可知，“我”的生活发生转变是因为“开始(getting into)”跳街舞。
55．A.started B．continued
C．regretted D．suggested
A
56．A.called B．allowed
C．expected D．met
D 解析：由I then went out...a lot of other dancers to practise and train with可知，在一位朋友的鼓励下，“我”“开始(started)”上舞蹈课，“认识了(met)”其他跳舞的人，和他们一起练习舞蹈。
57．A.lesson B．purpose
C．reason D．feeling
B
58．A.manage B．develop
C．experience D．know
A 解析：由I then went out...a lot of other dancers to practise and train with以及The dancing helped change my life and my studies可知，“我”找到了生活的“意义(purpose)”，从跳舞中获得的幸福感帮助“我”“克服了(manage)”抑郁。
59．A.promise B．support
C．reply D．advice
D 解析：结合全文可知，作者的经历使他明白，我们要勇敢面对遇到的问题，向他人求助。这也是他想给面对同样问题的人的一个“建议(advice)”。
60．A.Holding B．Picking
C．Opening D．Warming
C 解析：由上文中的reach out for help以及下文中的I need someone to talk with 可知，此处指作者向他人“敞开(Opening)”心扉，得到了想要的帮助。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Clara Hale was born on April 1, 1905 in North Carolina. In 1932, Clara faced the saddest thing in her life. Her husband died, 61.____________(leave) her with her two children. To support her children, she 62.____________(get) a job as a babysitter(临时保姆) for children with mothers too busy 63.____________(look) after their own children. During the next 25 years, she was a foster mother(养母) to over 40 children.
As more and more 64.____________(problem) of drug abuse(滥用毒品) came up, more and more people would come to her door, holding a child, usually because the child’s mother took drugs and either couldn’t 65.____________wouldn’t care for the child. Within six months, she had 22 babies in a five?room apartment. As 66.____________ matter of fact, her apartment was packed, but she never said no to a child who no one wanted.
In 1985, Clara founded the organization 67.____________(call) the Hale House Center. It was an organization for children 68.____________ mothers took drugs.At the Hale House Center, there would be about 100 children there a week.
Clara was a loving, 69.____________(self) mother to over 800 children in her life. She devoted her whole life 70.____________ these unwanted children. She died on December 18, 1992 with a feeling in her heart that she had changed people’s lives.
61．leaving 解析：考查动词?ing形式作状语。设空处所在句意为“她的丈夫死了，留下她和两个孩子”，故填leaving。 leaving her with her two children在此作结果状语。
62．got 解析：考查一般过去时。结合语境可知，设空处表示的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故填got。
63．to look 解析：考查动词不定式作状语。too＋形容词/副词＋to do sth.意为“太……而不能做某事”。
64．problems 解析：考查名词复数。problem是可数名词，由more and more可知，此处应用名词复数，故填problems。
65．or 解析：考查连词。either...or...意为“或者……或者……”。
66．a 解析：考查固定短语。as a matter of fact意为“事实上”。
67．called 解析：考查过去分词作定语。设空处所在句意为“Clara成立了一 个叫作the Hale House Center的组织”， call与organization之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故填called。
68．whose 解析：考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰children，且在从句中作定语，故填whose。
69．selfless 解析：考查形容词作定语。设空处与loving并列作定语修饰mother，表示“无私的”，故填形容词selfless。
70．to 解析：考查介词。devote one’s whole life to...意为“为……献出了自己的一生”。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I wanted to learn to skate, but I was afraid that I would fall and hurt myself.When I went out on the ice for first time, I didn’t want to let it go of the wall, because I was afraid to fall.So my teacher said, “Don’t worry with that.If you are afraid to fall, we will practise how to fall so that I do not get hurt.” Then he shown me how to fall so it didn’t hurt.It was much fun fell again and again.Final I wasn’t afraid to be on the ice.I let go of the wall and skate to the middle of the ice.I fell down, so I didn’t care.I was bravely enough to try.
答案：
I wanted to learn to skate, but I was afraid that I would fall and hurt myself.When I went out on the ice for first time, I didn’t want to let go of the wall, because I was afraid to fall.So my teacher said，“Don’t worry that.If you are afraid to fall, we will practise how to fall so that do not get hurt.”Then he me how to fall so it didn’t hurt.It was much fun again and again. I wasn’t afraid to be on the ice.I let go of the wall and to the middle of the ice.I fell down, I didn’t care.I was enough to try.
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
你校英文报最近开设了Famous People专栏，现面向全校学生征文。请你用英语写一篇短文介绍一位名人并投稿。内容包括：
1．该人物是谁；
2．该人物的主要经历及贡献；
3．该人物对你的影响。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Jane Goodall was born in 1934.At an early age, Jane was interested in animals.She’d dreamed of studying animals in the wild, which encouraged her to go to Africa to study chimps in 1960.To get closer to chimps, she has lived in the wild for many years.She faced many difficulties as she began her work, but she never gave up.Thanks to Jane’s research, we now know a lot about chimps.Jane believed wild animals should live in the wild and not be used to give humans pleasure.She has helped to set up places where the animals can live safely.Her story encourages me to study hard and try to achieve everything I want to do.
PAGE
- 1 -
