北师大版高中英语模块6 Unit 16 Stories 语言点1

Unit 16 Stories 语言点（1）
学习目标
重点词汇
abandon, victim, preserve, witness, occur, sympathy, burst, specific,
significance
重点短语
come into view, knock sb. over, block out, in a way/ on the way to, split up,
be /get caught in, hold up, break into
重点句型
now that
unless
知识讲解
重点词汇
abandon
【原句回放】It looked abandoned. 它（房子）看起来被遗弃了。
【点拨】abandon vt. 抛弃，遗弃，离弃；放弃；中止
常用搭配：abandon oneself to... 沉湎于……，陷入……
He abandoned his wife and children.
他遗弃了妻子和儿女。
The bad weather forced them to abandon their search.
恶劣的天气迫使他们中止了搜寻工作。
They abandoned all hope of finding the child.
他们放弃了找到这个孩子的一切希望。
He abandoned himself to grief.
他陷入悲痛之中。
【拓展】abandon，desert，quit的区别
1. abandon强调“完全、永远地遗弃”，尤其是指遗弃以前感兴趣或负有责任的人或物。
2. desert强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”。注意作动词时其读音的重读在第二音节。
3. quit强调“放弃做坏事或令人厌烦的事或辞职”，常指“停止”。
Her courage seemed to desert her for a moment.
她一时似乎失去了勇气。
He has decided to quit as manager of the football team.
他已决定辞去足球队经理的职务。
Snow forced many drivers to abandon their vehicles.
大雪迫使许多驾驶者弃车步行。
victim
【原句回放】...and the victims were all killed in the same way. ……而所有的受害者都以同样的方式遇害了。
【点拨】victim n. 受害人, 牺牲者, 牺牲品
常用搭配：become the victim of = fall a victim to 成为……的牺牲品
She was the victim of a road accident.
她是一场交通事故的受害者。
She fell an easy victim to his temptation.
她经不起他的诱惑，轻易地被骗了。
【拓展】victimize v. 使……受害，使……受苦
victimization n. 受害，受苦
preserve
【原句回放】In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history. 从某种程度上说，庞培古城如同一粒时间胶囊，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。
【点拨】preserve vt. 保存，保藏；保护；维护；维持
Oil preserves metal from rust. 油保护金属免于生锈。
We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.
我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。
I think these interesting old customs should be preserved.
我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下去。
【拓展1】defend, guard, protect, preserve
1. defend指“保卫”“防御”，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的。
defend oneself against enemy 防御敌人
2. guard指“注意观察、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或伤害”。
guard a coastline 守卫海岸线
3. protect指“保护……以免遭受危险或伤害等”。
protect the children from harm 保护儿童免受伤害
4. preserve指“防护、保存……免被分解或腐烂”。
Salt preserves food from decay. 盐能防止食物腐烂。
【拓展2】preservation n. 保护
witness
【原句回放】...a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man. 一位叫普利尼的罗马作家描写了他年轻时目睹的一场可怕的火山爆发。
【点拨】witness vt.& n. 目击；目击者；证人；证据
常用搭配：
a witness to ……的目击者
bear/give witness（to）证明；作证
call to witness 请……作证；传……作证
witness to（doing）sth. 作证
The recent years witness the fast growing of China’s supermarket.
中国的超市在最近几年得到了迅速的发展。
The two servants witnessed Mr. Smith’s will.
两个仆人在史密斯先生的遗嘱上签名作证。
She was punished for giving false witnesses.
她因作伪证受到惩处。
The worker witnessed to having seen the accused near the scene of the crime.
这个工人作证说曾看见被告在犯罪现场附近。
occur
【原句回放】The eruption had occurred on August 24th，79 AD. 在公元79年8月24日，（位于意大利的维苏威)火山喷发了。
【点拨】occur vi. 发生
常用搭配：occur to sb. 某人突然想到……（相当于strike sb.）
it occurs/occurred to sb. + that.../to do... ……的念头/想法浮现于（某人）的脑海
If humans can really be cloned, what kind of consequences will occur？
如果真的克隆出人来，会有什么后果？
A brilliant idea occurred to me. 我想到一个极好的主意。
Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own occasionally?
你难道从没想过有时候我或许喜欢独处？
【拓展1】表示“发生”的occur, happen, take place, come about
1. happen表示事情的发生存在一定的偶然性。
If anything happens, please let me know. 不管发生什么事，都请通知我。
2. occur指“发生”时可与happen换用，但后接to sb.时，两者含义不同：
happen to sb./sth.指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上；
occur to sb.指某种思想等呈现于某人的大脑中。
A bad accident happened to that family. 那个家庭发生了不幸的事情。
3. take place表示必然会发生，按计划，安排要发生时多用take place。
In 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. 一九一九年，中国发生了五四运动。
4. come about多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。
I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
我怎么也不明白你会一周迟到三次。
【拓展2】occurrence n. 事情；事件（=event）;（事情的）出现，发生
sympathy
【原句回放】One can only feel sorrow and deep sympathy for these once-living statues. 对这些曾经活着的雕像，人们只能感到悲痛和深切的同情。
【点拨】sympathy n. [U] 同情(心)，（感情上的）支持
常用搭配：
have/ feel sympathy for sb. 同情某人
express sympathy for sb. / sth. 对某人/物表示同情
in sympathy (with) 同情，赞成
out of sympathy with对……不同情；不赞成
out of sympathy for 出于对……同情
I felt much sympathy for the blind.
我对盲人深感同情。
I have no sympathy with your silly ideas.
我不赞成你那愚蠢的主意。
Many people are in sympathy with your views.
许多人赞同你的观点。
【拓展】sympathetic adj. 表示同情的，赞成的
sympathize vi. 同情，支持
burst
【原句回放】The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst. 这座大楼因煤气管爆裂而爆炸。
【点拨】burst vi. 爆炸；冲，闯
n. 突然破裂；爆发
常用搭配：
burst into tears/ songs/ laughter/ angry speech 突然哭/唱/笑/吵起来
burst out crying/singing/laughing 突然哭起来/唱起来/笑起来
burst into （强行）闯入（后加宾语）
burst in 突然闯进（后不加宾语）
burst with anger/ grief/ joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲绝/乐不可支
be bursting to do 渴望，急着要做（某事）
She burst out crying for a while, and burst into laughter for another moment, which made us at a loss. 她一会儿突然哭起来，一会儿又突然笑起来，这使我们一头雾水。
We all thought his heart would burst with happiness.
我们都认为他心中的快乐快要喷发了。
The police burst in and arrested the gang.
警察突然闯进来逮捕了那帮人。
Tom is bursting to see his mother.
汤姆急着要见他的妈妈。
specific
【原句回放】... doesn’t have just one specific meaning. ……不只有一个特定的意思。
【点拨】specific adj. 明确的；特定的（常作前置定语）
I gave you specific instructions.
我给过你明确的提示。
The children’s television programme aims at a specific age group.
这档儿童电视节目是针对特定年龄段的孩子的。
The belief is specific to this part of Africa.
这种信念是非洲这一地区特有的。
significance
【原句回放】Chinese names can also have significance according to their sounds. 中文名字根据发音也有意义。
【点拨】significance n. 意义，重要性；价值
常用搭配：of no / little significance 无关紧要的
Few people realized the significance of the discovery.
很少有人意识到这一发现的重要性。
The new drug has great significance of the treatment of the disease.
这种新药对于这种病的治疗有重要意义。
I do not think her absence is of great significance.
我认为她的缺席无关紧要。
【拓展】significant adj. 有意义的，重大的，重要的
重点短语
come into view
【原句回放】Suddenly, the spaceship slowed down and immediately the system came into view...突然，太空飞船慢了下来，整个系统立刻进入我们的视线……
【点拨】come into view出现
The hills now have come into view, and I enjoy the grand spectacle of Mount Blue ahead.
群山已进入视野，我欣赏着眼前蓝山的壮丽景色。
As we drove on，the Willapa Hills of coastal Washington came into view.
随着我们驱车前行，位于华盛顿沿岸的威拉帕山脉进入了视线中。
【拓展】view n. 景色,观点,观察,认为
vt. 观察，观看
常用搭配：
in view of 鉴于；考虑到
in one’s view 依照个人的见解
air one’s views / opinions 公开发表意见
go out of view 在视野内消失掉
on a long view 从长远看
In view of all that has happened, the manager is expected to resign.
鉴于所发生的一切，预计经理会辞职。
In my view，his idea is very good.
在我看来，他的主意很好。
knock sb. over
【原句回放】 I remember the dog jumping up on me and knocking me over into the water. 我记得狗跳起来把我撞倒水里。
【点拨】knock ... over弄翻，打倒，撞倒
A boy was knocked over by a passing car but was fortunately unhurt.
一个男孩被一辆路过的汽车撞倒了，幸运的是没有受伤。
I accidentally knocked the glass of water over.
我无意中打翻了那杯水。
He knocked a glass over. 他把玻璃杯打翻了。
【拓展】knock有关的短语
knock down 打(撞)倒；拆除，拆开
knock into 把(某种知识)灌输给……；与……相撞；偶然碰到(某人)
knock off 从某个地方(被)撞倒
knock out 敲出
knock at 敲（门等）
block out
【原句回放】Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns. 普利尼描述道，当时一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。
【点拨】block out 遮住，挡住；画……的草图
That wall blocks out all the light.
那堵墙把光线都遮住了。
They blocked the flood out of the city.
他们把洪水挡在了城外。
Our group blocked out a teaching plan in this term.
我们小组草拟了一份本学期教学计划。
【拓展】block vt. 妨碍, 阻塞
n.（木、石）块，街区，阻滞
常用搭配：block off 封锁，封闭 block up 阻碍，挡住
I tried to get through, but there were too many people blocking my way.
我试图穿过去，可是太多的人挡住了我的路。
in a way// on the way to
【原句回放】 In a way, Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history. 从某种程度上说，庞培古城如同一粒时间胶囊，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。
【点拨】in a way 从某种程度上说，从某种意义上说
In a way, a teacher is like a dictionary, particularly an English teacher.
从某种程度上讲，教师像一本字典，特别是英语老师。
I like her approach to problems in a way.
从某种意义上说，我喜欢她处理问题的方法。
【拓展】与way有关的短语
on the way to sp./ doing sth. 在路上；接近；就要做某事，即将做某事
by the way 顺便说；另外，还有 in the way 挡道，阻碍
in no way 决不，一点也不 give way to 让位于
by way of 经由
We ran out of gas on our way to the airport.
我们在去机场的路上耗尽了汽油。
He is on his way to achieving his goal.
他就要实现他的目标了。
The final examination is on the way, so he is working harder.
期中考试临近了，所以他在努力学习。
By the way, what happened to the family then?
顺便问一句，那个家庭后来怎么样了？
split up
【原句回放】A famous pop group split up. 一个著名的流行组合解体了。
【点拨】split up 断绝关系，分成小部分
The old farm has been split up into house lots.
这古老的农场已被划分为一块块的宅基地。
John has just split up with his close friend.
约翰刚刚跟他的密友闹掰了。
We’ll split up the cost and profits among us.
我们将分担费用和分享利益。
【拓展】split vt.& vi.（由于意见严重分歧）使分裂，使裂开；分摊
注意：split的过去式、过去分词还是split。
常用搭配：
split away/ off 脱落下来，分裂出去 split hair 吹毛求疵
We split the wood into long thin pieces.
我们把木头劈成长长的薄片。
be /get caught in
【原句回放】However, much more than buildings and objects, it is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history. 但是，与城里的建筑以及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的形象则更使这座城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。
【点拨】be /get caught in 被挂住，被困于，遇上(风、雨、交通堵塞等)
Caught in a rain, he was wet all over.
淋了一场雨，他全身都湿了。
The kite got caught in the tree.
风筝被树挂住了。
I was caught in a traffic jam on my way here.
我在来这里的路上遇上了交通阻塞。
【拓展】be /get +过去分词 + in的常用短语：
be lost in thought陷入沉思 be dressed in blue穿着蓝色衣服
be buried in a book埋头于看书 be absorbed in one’s work聚精会神地工作
hold up
【原句回放】She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process. 在建造过程中当她发明了一种新的支撑吊桥的方法时，她变得十分有名。
【点拨】hold up 举起，抬起；(使)耽搁；支撑起；拦住；抢劫
Her legs wouldn’t hold her up. 她的双腿支撑不住身体了。
The building of the new road has been held up by bad weather.
新公路的建造由于天气不好而耽搁下来了。
The criminals held up the train/the bank and took all the money.
罪犯抢劫了火车/银行，拿走了所有的钱财。
【拓展】hold相关短语：
hold back 阻挡，抑制，（使）犹豫；隐瞒
hold on（打电话时）别挂断，等着；挺住，坚持住
hold onto 紧紧抓住……不放；保住（优势）
They built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood waters.
他们筑堤阻挡上涨的洪水。
break into
【原句回放】The police arrested the man who was breaking into a jewellery shop. 警察逮捕了那个正闯入珠宝店的人。
【点拨】break into 闯入；打断；突然……起来；分成（如into后不接宾语，用break in）
The thieves broke into the office and stole some money.
小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。
People broke into cheers at once when they heard the good news.
喜讯传来，人们顿时欢呼起来。
It is impolite to break into others’ talk.
打断别人的谈话是不礼貌的。
Alice broke the chocolate into pieces，one for each person．
爱丽丝把巧克力分成小块，每人一块。
【拓展】break相关短语
break down破坏；中止；发生故障；分解 break away（from）挣脱，摆脱；破除，改掉
break up（关系）破裂；打碎；结束；解散 break out 突然爆发
break off 折断，停止 break through 突破（障碍等），克服
重点句型
now that
【原句回放】Now that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could. 既然海伦理解了语言的关键所在，那么她非常渴望多学些并尽可能多地去使用它。
【点拨】now that conj. 既然，由于（引导原因状语从句；口语中可省略that）
You ought to have a good rest now that you’ve finished the work.
既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。
Now that there is a new tunnel，the road is less dangerous.
既然有了一个新的隧道，这条路就较少危险了。
Now (that) you have come, you may as well stay.
你既然来了，不妨就住下。
【拓展】引导原因状语从句的其他引导词：
1. since语气较弱，强调已知的事实，译成“既然”。now that同since相似。
Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.
既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。
2. for是并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前一分句补充说明理由。
It must be morning, for the birds are singing.
一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫。
3. because常表示直接而明确的原因，语气很强，用来回答why的问句，一般在主句之后。
We couldn’t go out because it was too cold.
因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。
4. as语气比because弱，引导的从句表示显而易见的原因和理由，一般放在主句前。
As it was late, we came back soon.
由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来。
unless
【原句回放】Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless I touched it. 她的话让我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手触摸就什么都不理解。
【点拨】unless conj. 如果不，除非
1. unless引导条件状语从句，相当于if...not。
2. unless从句通常不用虚拟语气。
3. unless从句的主语与主句的主语相同，且谓语部分含有be 动词，可省略从句主语与be动词。
Don’t come unless I call you.
除非我给你电话，否则你不要来。
I sleep with the window open unless it’s really cold.
天气若不冷，我总开着窗户睡觉。
Unless something unexpected happens, I’ll see you tomorrow.
如果不出意外，我明天就去看你。
This baby seldom cries unless tired.
这个婴儿除非在疲倦时很少哭。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. The stolen car was found ___________(被抛弃的) in Bristol.
2. Education should not be restricted to any one _______ (特定的) age group.
3. Out of ___________（同情）for the homeless children he gave them shelter for night.
4. These valuable paintings were in an excellent state of _____________ (保存).
5. The Chinese people will __________ (目击) the most important scientific development of the century.
6. Few people realized what he had done in his lab was _________ (有意义的)．
7. Hearing the news，we expressed our________(悲痛) at the death of the boy’s father.
8. I loved listening to his ________ (逼真的) descriptions of his adventures at sea.
9. The storm caused ________ (严重的) damage to the coastal areas.
10. The child fell ________ (受害者) to her parents’ unhappy marriage.
二、选词填空
从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
knock... over, be caught in, split up, in a way,　 hold up, come into view,　
on one’s side, block out,　 break into, pay rise
1. Because of the heavy rain for a week, Mike’s car_____________ the mud.
2. The plastic bag can’t __________ your big dictionary.
3. Now, children, you must ________into two groups for this game.
4. As the red roofs of cottages______________，we knew we were not far from our destination.
5. The trees _____________ all the sunlight, so the room is very dark in the daytime.
6. _____________，her health has much improved, but she is still not really well.
7. Getting a _____________makes him very happy，so he decides to take his family to have a large meal this weekend.
8. She is used to lying ___________when she sleeps.
9. The girl was afraid to look up at her mother because of her __________ the vase.
10. The policeman found that the house had been _________ and a quantity of jewellery stolen．
三、单项选择
1. Despite some difficulties, they’re not going to ________ the plan.
A．abandon B．desert C．for sake D．quit
2. That sound doesn’t ________ in his language, so it’s difficult for him to pronounce it.
A．happen B．occur C．have D．take place
3. After the explosion，the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the ________.
A．on-lookers B．viewers C．people D．witnesses
4. The chair is ________，please take it away.
A．in this way B．in the way C．on the way D．by the way
5. _______ you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.
A．Now that B．After C．Although D．As soon as
6. Don’t put too many apples in that bag，or it will ________.
A．fail B．explode C．crack D．burst
7. The flight was ________ by fog for several hours.
A．held out B．held back C．held on D．held up
8. It is known to all that ________ you exercise regularly，you won’t keep good health.
A．unless B．whenever C．although D．if
9. —I think he is taking an active part in social work.
—I agree with you________．
A．in a way　　　　B．on the way C．by the way D．in the way
10. At minus 130℃, a living cell can be __________ for a thousand years.
A. spared B. protected C. preserved D. developed
11. The address you said is on this block；can you be a bit more________？
A．special　　　　　 B．specific C．additional D．spare
12. The new discovery of oil is of great ________ to the country’s economy.
A．signature B．significant C．significance D．sign
13. The beautiful garden will ________ after you turn the street corner.
A．come into view B．have into view C．in my view D．on view
14. —What happened to the old man early this morning?
—Oh, he was seen ________ over and the driver drove away.
A．knock B．knocking C．knocked D．to knock
15. ________，this kind of disease can do great harm to people there.
A．Occurring wherever B．It occurs wherever it is
C．Wherever it occurs D．Wherever does it occur
16. My husband ________ with my proposal to move to a new apartment.
A. responded B. agreed C. sympathized D. reacted
17. The girl works hard and she is ________ a well-known painter.
A. on her way to become B. on her way to becoming
C. in the way to become D. in the way to becoming
18. The computer system ________ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A. broke down　　 B. broke out　　 C. broke up　　 D. broke in
19. My trousers were so tight, and they _______ when I sat down.
A. spun B. spit C. split C. splashed
20. —I didn’t see you in Jack’s birthday last Sunday.
—I had planned to, but I was _______ a rain on my way home and had a fever.
A. caught in B. absorbed in C. lost in D. buried in
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. abandoned 2. specific 3. sympathy 4. preservation 5. witness
6. significant 7. sorrow 8. vivid 9. severe 10. victim
二、选词填空
1. was caught in 2. hold up 3. split up 4. came into view 5.block out
6. In a way 7. pay rise 8. on her side 9. knocking over 10. broken into
疑难解析：
7. pay rise 涨工资 8. on one’s side 侧卧，站在某人一边(支持某人)，就某人来说
三、单项选择
1. A。abandon意为“放弃”，句意为“尽管有一些困难，他们不打算放弃计划”，A符合题意。desert强调“违背誓言、命令、责任、义务等”；quit强调“放弃做坏事或令人厌烦的事或辞职”。
2. B。句意：那个音在他的语言里不存在，因此他发那个音很困难。occur“发生，存在”，其他词无此意。
3. D。句意：爆炸发生后，警察做了很多工作去从目击证人处寻找线索。只有D符合题意。on-looker 旁观者；viewer 观众。
4. B。句意：椅子碍事，请把它移开。in the way“挡道，妨碍”，符合题意。in this way 用这种方式；on the way 在去……的路上；by the way 顺便说一下。
5. A。句意：既然你有机会，还是要好好利用，根据句意，只能选A。
6. D。burst爆裂，胀开，如：burst one’s clothes撑破衣服；fail意为“没有；失败”；explode意为“爆炸；爆破”，指用炸药；crack意为“裂开；断裂；破裂”。
7. D。句意：航班因遇雾而耽搁了几个小时。hold out伸出，维持；hold back阻止；hold on坚持住，(打电话时)别挂断；hold up延误，耽搁。
8. A。句意：众所周知，如果你不经常运动，就不能保持身体健康。A为“除非”＝if...not；B为“无论何时”；C为“尽管”；D为“如果”。结合句意选A，此处为双重否定表肯定。
9. A。in a way在此作状语，意思是“在某种程度上”。
10. C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：在零下130℃,一个活细胞可以被保存一千年的时间。spare节约；protect保护，防卫；preserve保存；保护；维持；develop开发；使成长。根据句意应选C项。
11. B。句意：你说的地址是在这个街区，你能说得更具体些吗？specific具体的；special特殊的。
12. C。句意：新油田的发现对这个国家的经济意义非常重大。be of significance(＝be significant)表示“有意义的，有价值的，重要的”。
13. A。come into view 进入视野，出现。根据语境，只有A项符合。in my view 依我看来；on view 在展出；无have into view。
14. C。答语表示“有人看见他被撞倒”，因此选用过去分词作宾语补足语。
15. C。句意：这种疾病不论发生在哪里都会对当地人造成巨大的伤害。英语中一般把疑问词放句首，且根据句意选C，作状语从句。
16. C。句意：我丈夫赞同我搬进新公寓的建议。respond与介词to连用，表示“对……作出回答”；agree 与with搭配，后多接人；sympathize与介词with连用，表示“赞同”，后接意见、想法等；react 反应。
17. B。句意：这个女孩儿努力工作，她离成为一名著名画家不远了。on one’s way to doing sth. 在做某事的过程中。
18. A。break down（机器）损坏，出故障。break out 爆发；break up 分裂，结束；break in 闯入，打断。句意：他正在互联网上搜索信息时，电脑突然出了故障。
19. C。裤子紧，所以坐下时裂开了，应选split，表示“劈开，裂开”；spin（spun, spun）使旋转；spit（spat，spat或spit，spit）吐痰；splash 溅落。
20. A。从句意可知，说话人因为淋了雨感冒了，所以没有去朋友的生日聚会，所以选（be）caught in，表示“遇到了（雨、风、交通堵塞等）。be absorbed in 全神贯注于；be lost in 迷失于；be buried in 埋在；埋头于。