北师大版高中英语模块6 Unit 17 Laughter 语言点1

Unit 17 Laughter 语言点（1）
学习目标
重点词汇
amuse, response// clarify, withdraw, harmony, overlook, delay
cancel, board, yell, acknowledge, resist
重点短语
burst out laughing, wait in line, keep to, do sb. good, push one’s way to, get rid of,
fool around, from time to time, result in
重点句型
have trouble (in) doing...
until
知识讲解
重点词汇
amuse
【原句回放】amused 愉快的，被逗笑的
【点拨】amuse vt. 使欢乐；逗……笑
常用搭配：be amused at/ by 对……感到好笑，被逗笑了
amuse oneself at/ by 通过做……来娱乐
He thought of various activities to amuse the baby till bedtime.
他想出各种活动来逗宝宝开心直到上床睡觉。
Parks provide people with a place to amuse themselves and to escape their busy lives for a while.
公园为人们提供自我娱乐的场所，使人们从繁忙的工作中解脱出来轻松一下。
We were amused at/by the storyteller’s jokes.
听了讲故事的人的笑话，我们被逗笑了。
【拓展】amusement n. 娱乐活动（可数）；乐趣（不可数）
amused adj. 被逗乐的，愉快的，顽皮的
amusing adj. 有趣的，逗人笑的
The little boy was amused by the amusing book.
这本有趣的书逗乐了小男孩。
To my great amusement, his false beard fell off.
使我感到极其好笑的是他的假胡子掉下来了。
response // clarify
【原句回放】He wondered about her response，and just to clarify，he asked her another question.他对她的回答感到迷惑不解，为了弄清楚怎么回事，他问了她另一个问题。
【点拨1】response n. 回答，答复；反应；响应
常用搭配：
in response to 作为对……的答复/反应
make no response (to) (对……)不作回复/答复
The product was developed in response to customers’ demand.
为了满足顾客的需要，开发了这种商品。
He made no response to my question. 他没有回答我的问题。
【拓展】respond v．回答；做出反应
responsive adj. 反应敏捷的
常用搭配：
respond to 回应……；对……有反应
The screen is sensitive and can respond to slight touch.
触摸屏反应灵敏,能响应轻微的触碰。
He failed to respond to the medicine.
他服了这药未见起色。
【点拨2】clarify vt. & vi. 澄清，阐明；使（液体）澄清
Could you clarify your remarks? 你能澄清一下你的话吗？
An example will help to clarify what I mean. 举个例子来阐明我的意思。
His mind suddenly clarified. 他的脑子突然清醒过来。
【拓展】clarification n. 澄清，解释
记忆提示：clarify可以看成是clear + -ify（使得，变成）变化而来，注意去掉了clear中的字母e。所以clarify的英语释义是：to make something clearer or easier to understand。
withdraw
【原句回放】I wanted to withdraw $40 from our bank account... 我想从我们的银行账户上取40美元。
【点拨】withdraw vt. & vi. 取回，收回；提取；收回
注意：
1. withdraw的过去式、过去分词 withdrew, withdrawn
2. withdraw已包含了“……回”之意，不与back连用，类似词汇：return, repay, remove等。
常用搭配：
withdraw...from... 从……移走 (提取；收回；撤出)……
withdraw a remark 撤回评论
withdraw from 从……撤出(退出)
Lily withdrew $1,000 from her account.
莉莉从她的账户上提取了1000美元。
The shy girl withdrew quickly her eyes from the tall boy’s eyes.
那位腼腆的女孩迅速地移走了视线，不去看那高个男孩的眼睛。
harmony
【原句回放】Family harmony 家庭和谐
【点拨】harmony n. 和睦，融洽；和谐，协调
常用搭配：
in harmony (with) 和……协调一致；和睦
out of harmony (with) 和……不协调，不和睦
The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture.
大海和天空和谐地构成一幅美丽的图画。
My cat and dog live in perfect harmony.
我的猫和狗相处得十分和睦。
【拓展1】harmonious adj. 协调的；和睦的，友好的
harmonize v. 使协调，和谐
【拓展2】表示“与……一致”的短语：
in harmony in agreement with
agree with (气候、饮食、环境等) 与……一致/适合
agree on 对……取得一致意见
overlook
【原句回放】...and he didn’t want to overlook her opinion so he asked her, “If I was going to Hainan Island and your mum was going to Thailand, where would you like to go?” ……他不想忽视你的意见，因此问她：“如果我要去海南岛，而你妈妈要去泰国，那么你想去哪里？”
【点拨】overlook vt. 忽视
These little details are easily overlooked.
这些琐碎的细节很容易被忽略掉。
The mother overlooked her little boy’s bad behavior.
那位母亲忽视了她的小儿子的不良行为。
【拓展】区别：overlook，ignore
1. overlook 指“由于粗心、草率、放任而没看出或采取行动”，既指有意识地遗漏，也可以指无意识地忽略。
He overlooked my errors. 他忽视了我的错误。
2. ignore指有意识地拒绝、故意不予理会或“故意这样做”的意思。意为“不理睬, 忽视”。
She saw him coming up but she ignored him. 她看见他走过来，但是装作没看见。
delay
【原句回放】Heavy snow last winter caused long delays at Heathrow airport. 去年冬天的一场大雪导致希思罗机场的航班长时间延误。
【点拨】delay n. 延期，延误
vt. 延期，耽搁
常用搭配：
a delay of＋时间段 耽搁……时间后
without delay 立刻，立即
delay doing 延迟做某事
After a delay of one hour，we continued our journey.
耽搁一小时后，我们又继续旅行。
You need to get those vegetables planted without delay.
你需要马上种下那些蔬菜。
The driver delayed the drive until the weather cleared.
驾驶员延迟到天气转晴后才出车。
He delayed telling her the news，waiting for the right moment.
他没有马上告诉她这个消息，等有适当的时机再说。
cancel
【原句回放】One afternoon, hundreds of unlucky passengers who had been expecting to board a flight to New York were told it had been cancelled. 一天下午，几百名运气不佳的乘客被告知，他们等候多时预定飞往纽约的航班被取消了。
【点拨】cancel vt. 取消，废除，删去
注意：cancel加-ed或-ing时，可以双写l，也可以不双写。
The match had to be cancelled due to the bad weather.
比赛因天气不好只得取消。
I’ve lost my credit card, so I have to go to the bank to cancel it.
我的信用卡弄丢了,我得去银行申请作废。
You should cancel this preposition in the sentence.
你应该删去句子中的这个介词。
board
【原句回放】One afternoon, hundreds of unlucky passengers who had been expecting to board a flight to New York were told it had been cancelled. 一天下午，几百名运气不佳的乘客被告知，他们等候多时预定飞往纽约的航班被取消了。
【点拨】
1. board v. 登上(船、车、飞机等)；提供膳食
The passengers boarded the plane at 9 a.m.
旅客们上午九时登上飞机。
Passengers were standing on the dock, waiting to board.
乘客们站在码头上，等候上船。
She boarded with a Japanese family.
她寄宿在一个日本人的家里。
2. board n. 膳食，伙食；委员会，董事会，(政府的)部，局，会；木板
常用搭配：on board 登上
He ran until he was on board a city bus.
他一路跑，直到他坐上一辆公共汽车。
There were about eighty passengers on board (the plane).
（飞机上）一共有约八十名乘客。
We will provide room and board for them.
我们将提供他们的食宿。
He has recently joined the board of the company.
他最近加入了该公司的董事会。
【拓展】aboard adv.& prep 在(飞机、车、船等)上
They went aboard. (adv.) 他们上了船（火车或飞机）。
He was already aboard the plane. (prep.) 他已上飞机了。
因此：go on board = go aboard = board a ship (plane/ train) 登上(飞机、车、船等)
yell
【原句回放】He yelled at the young girl, so that the passengers waiting in line behind him could hear，“DO YOU KNOW WHO I AM？” 他大声质问这位年轻姑娘，以便让身后排队的人都听到：“你知道我是谁吗？”
【点拨】yell vi. 叫喊，叫嚷
n. 叫喊（声）
常用搭配：yell at 对……大喊大叫
We yelled together for our team. 我们一起为我们队呐喊加油。
You don’t have to yell at me; I can hear you. 你用不着喊，我听的见。
She let out a yell and ran home. 她尖叫了一声跑回了家。
【拓展】表示“喊叫”的词：
yell指因求救、焦急、惊恐、愤怒或其他感情方面的原因而大声地喊叫。
cry指因恐惧、悲哀、祈求、惊奇等而大叫。
shout指因欢乐、赞美、发命令、提出警告、唤起注意等而大声喊叫。
call为最常用词，表示“以任何形式呼叫”。
scream指由于痛苦、恐惧、惊奇、快乐等而尖叫。
acknowledge
【原句回放】These effects have been acknowledged by scientists. 这些影响已经被科学家确认。
【点拨】acknowledge vt. 承认；接受，公认为；答谢，表示感谢
常用搭配：
acknowledge ... as / to be 认为/ 承认……是
acknowledge (doing) sth. 承认(做了)某事
It is universally/generally/widely acknowledged that... ……是大家公认的。
I acknowledge the truth of his statement. 我承认他叙述的真实性。
It is universally acknowledged that dogs have an acute sense of smell.
狗嗅觉灵敏是大家都接受的。
Joe is acknowledged as the best basketball player of the year.
乔被认为是本年度最好的篮球运动员。
We wish to acknowledge the support of the university with sincerity.
我们谨对这所大学所提供的支持表示真诚的感谢。
【拓展】acknowledgement n. 承认，确认，感谢
He was given a present in acknowledgement of his work for the business.
他得到了一个礼物，以感谢他为这项生意所做的工作。
resist
【原句回放】Putting a red nose on while you are stuck in a traffic jam can be a good way of resisting the tension caused by the jam. 当你遇上交通堵塞时，戴上一个红色的鼻子能有效地抵制拥堵带来的紧张。
【点拨】resist v. 抵抗，对抗
常用搭配：resist doing sth. 忍住/抵制做某事
She resisted being carried off. 她拒绝被带走。
A balanced diet will increase your ability to resist infection.
饮食均衡会增强你抗感染的能力。
I couldn’t resist telling him the secret.
我克制不住只得把秘密告诉了他。
【拓展】resistance n. 抵制，抗拒
resistant adj. 有抵抗力的
重点短语
burst out laughing
【原句回放】burst out laughing 突然笑起来
【点拨】burst out laughing 突然笑起来
Everyone was quiet when John suddenly burst out laughing.
大家都很安静，突然约翰大笑起来。
She was so overjoyed that she nearly burst out laughing.
她心里一乐,几乎笑出声来。
【拓展】类似短语
burst into laughter 突然笑起来
fall about laughing 放声大笑
John glared at her for a moment, and then he burst into laughter.
约翰先是对她怒目而视，随后也哈哈笑起来。
Nick’s a born clown. Just the sight of him is enough to make you fall about laughing.
尼克天生一副小丑相，看他一眼你就会忍不住大笑。
wait in line
【原句回放】He yelled at the young girl, so that the passengers waiting in line behind him could hear，“DO YOU KNOW WHO I AM？”他大声质问这位年轻姑娘，以便让身后排队的人都听到：“你知道我是谁吗？”
【点拨】wait in line/ queue 排队
Could you wait in line until a table is free, please? 请排队等空位好吗?
We had to wait in line to check in. 我们要排队等候检票。
We like to go to the movies, but we hate to wait in line for tickets.
我们喜欢去看电影，但是我们讨厌排队买票。
【拓展】有关“排队”的短语
queue (up) 排队 jump the queue 插队,不按次序排队 a queue jumper 插队的人
We queued up at the entrance for the exhibition. 我们在入口处排队参观展览。
They had to queue for hours to get in. 他们必须排几个小时的长队才能进去。
keep to
【原句回放】I can never keep to a diet. 我从不能坚持节食。
【点拨】keep to 履行，实施，不离开
Keep strictly to the terms of the contract. 严格执行合同条款。
Keep to the speed limits. 遵守车速限制。
We need to keep to the schedule if we want to finish it on time.
要想按时完成，我们需要按日程表实施。
Please keep to the subject. We have little time left.
请不要离题太远，我们没有多少时间了。
do sb. good
【原句回放】That would do you a lot of good. 那对你会有很大益处。
【点拨】do sb. good (do good to sb.) 对某人有益 (同义短语：be good for sb.)
Eat more fruit—it will do you good (＝it will do good to you/it will be good for you).
多吃水果，这对你有好处。
Don’t you think talking to her would do you some good?
你不觉得和她谈一谈会对你有用吗？
【拓展】“do＋sb.＋n.”结构
do sb. harm 对某人有害
do sb. wrong 误解/不公正地对待某人
do sb. an honour 赏光
do sb. a favour 帮助某人（=do a favour for sb.）
push one’s way to
【原句回放】One unfortunate counter agent was dealing with all the passengers when an angry man，who had been queuing for some time，pushed his way to the front. 一名倒霉的柜台工作人员正忙着应付这些乘客,突然一个在队伍中等候多时、怒气冲冲的男子挤上前来。
【点拨】push one’s way to/towards sth. 朝……挤，挤到
注意：to/ towards也可以用其它介词代替，如push one’s way through/ into 挤过/进。
She pushed her way to the front of the crowd. 她挤到人群的前面。
He pushed his way through the crowd. 他推开人群挤出去了。
【拓展】way构成的短语
feel one’s way 摸索前进 fight one’s way 奋勇前进
lose one’s way 迷路 make one’s way(to/ towards sth.) （向……艰难）行进
It is common for travellers on the prairie to lose their way, especially in a snowstorm.
在草原上迷路司空见惯，遇上暴风雪更是如此。
Will you be able to make your way to the airport all by yourself?
你能自己去机场吗？
get rid of
【原句回放】It wouldn’t be beneficial if humour got rid of all the stress from our lives. 如果幽默能够把我们生活中的所有压力都消除，那将不是有益的。
【点拨】get rid of 摆脱，除掉，处理掉
We must get rid of this bad style.
我们必须摆脱这种坏习惯。
To get rid of garbage is a big problem in many cities.
在很多城市，清理垃圾都是一个大问题。
I haven’t gotten rid of cold yet.
我的感冒还没好。
You are supposed to get rid of carelessness，for it often leads to terrible errors.
你们一定要克服粗枝大叶的毛病，因为它常常导致严重的错误。
【拓展】rid vt. 使摆脱，使去掉（常与of连用）
She is determined to rid her house of rats. 她决心除掉房间里的老鼠。
fool around
【原句回放】Doctors have a difficult time in using humour with patients because they don’t want the patients to think they’re fooling around. 医生很难对患者使用幽默，因为他们不想患者认为他们游手好闲。
【点拨】fool around/ about 乱弄，瞎弄，游手好闲
He spent the whole afternoon just fooling around.
他整个下午什么也没有做，只是乱逛。
He never does any work; he just fools around all day long.
他从来不做事，整天游手好闲。
Mike fell and broke his leg. That taught him but good not to fool around in high trees.
迈克跌断了腿，那是个有力的教训，可使他不敢再在高树上嬉戏。
from time to time
【原句回放】...but it is very valuable for a doctor to be friendly and light-hearted and to show humour from time to time. 但是医生友好、轻松，不时地表现出幽默是很有用的。
【点拨】from time to time 有时，偶尔
They come to see us from time to time.
他们有时过来看看我们。
The car manufacturers changed the car models from time to time.
汽车制造商不时地改变车的设计。
【拓展】表示“有时，偶尔”的表达法
(every) now and then at times occasionally once in a while
result in
【原句回放】...a traffic jam will result in the instant appearance of 10,000 clowns! ……一场交通阻塞会造成10,000个小丑快速出现的局面！
【点拨】result in 引起，导致，造成(后接结果)
Bad living habits will result in diseases. 不良的生活习惯会造成疾病。
The gas explosion resulted in three deaths. 这次瓦斯爆炸造成三人死亡。
比较：
result in 表示“导致，造成……”，与 cause或lead to同义，其主语是起因；
result from 表示“由……造成的”，与lie in，as a result of和because of同义，其主语是结果，
from的宾语是起因。
他的失败是由于不够努力工作造成的。
His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
Not working hard enough resulted in his failure.
许多疾病都是因为缺乏锻炼。
Many illnesses result from lack of exercise.
Lack of exercise results in many illnesses.
【拓展】result 用作名词，表示“结果，后果”。
as a result 因此; 结果
as a result of 作为……的结果；由于……
The famous actor died as a result of a heart attack. 那个名演员因为心脏病去世。
As a result, there is often trouble in their families. 因此，他们的家庭经常有麻烦。
重点句型
have trouble (in) doing...
【原句回放】Have you ever had trouble trying to spell a word? 你曾经有过拼不出单词的时候吗？
【点拨】have trouble (in) doing... 在做某事方面有困难
注意：此句型中trouble还可以用difficulty，a problem等代替。
He was having trouble (in) understanding the film.
他看不懂这部电影。
We had much difficulty (in) finding anywhere to park.
我们费了好大劲儿才找到停车的地方。
We had a problem (in) understanding what he says.
我们要理解他说的话有不少困难。
【拓展】have trouble/difficulty with + 名词 在某方面有困难
She’s having difficulty with her schoolwork this year.
今年她在功课上遇到了困难。
I’m having some trouble with the new software.
这个新软件我用起来有些困难。
until
【原句回放】He then looks from the menu to the money with concern until he finds one thing that makes him smile. 然后专注地边看菜单边看自己的钱，直到找到一样使他微笑的东西。
【点拨】
1. until指某动作或状态一直到另一动作或状态出现为止。
2. until可以作连词，引导时间状语从句，也可作介词，后接表示时间的名词为宾语。
The children won’t come back until it is dark. 孩子们天黑了才能回来。
I didn’t leave the lonely boy until ten o’clock. 我一直陪那个孤独的孩子到十点钟。
3. 在肯定句中与表示延续性动作的动词连用。在否定句中，相当于before，表示“直到……才……”，可以与表示瞬间性(终止性)动作的动词连用。
The noise of the street didn’t stop until/before it was midnight.
街上的噪音直到半夜才停止。
He lived with his parents until/before he graduated from school.
他在从学校毕业前一直同父母住在一起。
4. 强调否定句中until引导的时间状语或时间状语从句时，其强调形式为：It is/was not until...that...。
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
在教授到来之后，我们才开始实验。
5. “not until+时间状语/从句”放在句首时，主句要部分倒装。
Not until Father came back did we begin to have supper last night.
昨晚直到父亲回来，我们才开始吃晚饭。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1．There was a d________ of two hours before the plane took off.
2．I didn’t mean to eat anything, but those apples looked so good I couldn’t r________ trying one.
3．I could hear my wife s________ Tiger, our dog, for his bringing mud into the house.
4．The secretary is very careful and never o________ any little points.
5．The US government threatened that it would w________ all its investment from the country if the country didn’t reduce the customs duties.
6．His ideas were no longer in h________ with ours. Actually he stuck to just the opposite.
7. One of the other passengers who were ________ (排队) to get on the train suddenly had a heart attack.
8. The teacher’s explanation _______(使清楚) the puzzling problem.
9. The public are particularly interested in amusing ________(轶事) of famous film stars．
10. His cool ____________(反应) suggested that he didn’t like the idea.
二、选词填空
burst out, get rid of, from time to time, result in, wait in line, keep to,
do good to, push one’s way to, fool around, yell at
1. Don’t you really believe that such men ought to be ____________?
2. Someone might ______________ laughing when they understand a joke.
3. I am meant to be working on Sunday, but I just ___________ all day.
4. He looked behind __________________ as he went forward.
5. Don’t ___________ me like that! I can hear you clearly.
6. The heavy fog can easily _____________ many traffic accidents in winter.
7. Business was slow at first but it’s really snowballed the last two months; now you have to __________ to get a table.
8. Few people can _________ a diet with 30 percent fewer calories than usual.
9. He ____________ the front of the students to be noticed by her.
10. She is seeking the most reasonable diet which will ________ her health.
三、单项选择
1. He suddenly saw Sue ______ the room. He pushed his way ______ the crowd of people to get to her.
A. across; across B. over; through C. over; into D. across; through
2. Eventually the local government rebuilt the bridge ________ the appeal and even pressure of the public.
A．in response to B．in favor of C．in place of D．in terms of
3.When Zhao Benshan played his comedy Selling Walking Stick，we all ________．
A．fall about laughing B．fell into laughter
C．fell about laughing D．fell about laughter
4. The building will be pulled down because it is not ________its surroundings.
A．in honor of B．according to C．in harmony with D．in need of
5. You can never imagine what great trouble I have ________ your house.
A．found B．finding C．to find D．for finding
6. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________ with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
7. Both________ and ________ laughter do harm to your health.
A．burst out crying；burst into B．to burst out tears；to burst into
C．bursting into tears；bursting into D．bursting into crying；bursting out
8. —Why were you late for such an important concert?
—The plane arrived at the airport after a __________ of three hours.
A. delay B. rest C. tour D. request
9. He acknowledged ________ to the area，and he knew the whole thing.
A．to go B．having gone C．to have gone D．having been
10. Although he is a teenager，Fred could resist ________ what to do and what not to do.
A．telling B．being told C．to tell D．to be told
11. It is a disease that can ________ total deafness if left untreated.
A. leave behind B. leave alone C. let down D. result in
12. It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ________ we’ve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
13. —When will the government ________ its position on equal pay for women?
—I heard that a new regulation would be passed soon.
A. clean B. remind C. clarify D. repeat
14. —Is there any possible way to help them ________ such a bad habit?
—To tell the truth，it’s very hard.
A．get rid of B．get along with C．look up to D．look down upon
15. He’s so friendly that people are prepared to _________ his faults.
A. overlook B. search C. suspect D. investigate
16. Keep on having exercises every day. It will do good ________ you.
A．for B．of C．on D．to
17. After his heavy defeat in the local elections, the senator decided to ________ from the campaign for the Presidency.
A. abandon B. announce C. withdraw D. withhold
18. As we can no longer wait for the delivery of our order, we have to _______ it.
A. postpone B. refuse C. delay D. cancel
19. All passengers ________ are expected to fasten the seat belts when the plane takes off or lands.
A. on the board B. on board C. on aboard D. on a board
20. Students nowadays should make full use of their time to equip themselves with knowledge so that they can easily ______ the competitive society in the future.
A. suit to B. keep to C. adopt to D. adapt to
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. delay 2. resist 3. scolding 4. overlooks 5. withdraw
6. harmony 7. queuing 8. clarified 9. anecdotes 10. response
疑难解析：
3. scold sb. for 因为……批评某人
二、选词填空
1. got rid of 2. burst out 3. fool around 4. from time to time 5. yell at
6. result in 7. wait in line 8. keep to 9. pushed his way to 10. do good to
三、单项选择
1. D。across 在……的另一边；across the room 在房间的另一边；push one’s way through 从……挤过去。
2. A。句意为：“为了响应公众的呼吁，甚至是压力，当地政府最后重修了这座桥。”in response to意思是“响应，反应”；in favor of意思是“支持”；in place of 意思是“代替”；in terms of意思是“按照，依据”。
3. C。句意为：“当我们观看赵本山的小品《卖拐》时，笑得前仰后合，无法自制。”A项时态错误。fall about laughing忍不住大笑。
4. C。句意为：“这座建筑将被推倒，因为它和周围的环境不协调。” in honor of 为了纪念；according to 根据；in harmony with 和……协调一致；in need of需要。
5. B。题中trouble为先行词，后接定语从句(that) I have...，构成固定句型：have trouble(in)doing sth.。因为in可以省略，所以选B项。
6. A。过去分词转化而来的形容词amused在句中作宾语补足语，意为“逗乐的，愉悦的”，表示人自身的感受。
7. C。burst out后接动名词，burst into后接名词。作主语，burst应都用动名词形式。从句子谓语do harm to可知两个动词burst要作主语，所以加-ing。
8. A。上句询问迟到的原因，回答应该是与“迟到”意义有关的名词，所以选择delay 延误。rest 休息；tour 旅行，旅游；request 要求。
9. D。句意：他承认去过那个地方，而且他了解整个事件。acknowledge having done承认做过某事，“去过某地”应用have been to。故选D。
10. B。resist后接动名词作宾语的情况，且Fred和tell之间为被动关系。句意：弗莱德虽然十几岁了，但还是可能抵制别人告诉他做什么、不做什么。
11. D。leave behind 留下，忘带；leave alone 对……置之不理，不管；let down 减退；result in 导致。句意：这是一种如果不治疗，就会引起完全失聪的病。
12. A。句意：在亲身经历之前，我们很难去吸取生活中的教训。until直到……为止；after 在……之后；since 自从……时开始；when 在……时候，根据句意选A项。
13. C。句意：——政府什么时候能阐明对男女同工同酬的立场？——我听说一项新法令很快就要通过了。clarify“澄清，讲清楚”，符合题意。clean 清洗；洗净；remind 提醒；repeat 重复。
14. A。句意：“有任何可能的方法帮助他们摆脱这样一个坏习惯吗？”“说实话，这很难。”get rid of“除掉，摆脱”，符合句意。get along with 与……相处；look up to 尊敬；look down upon 小看。
15. A。因为他很友好，人们都愿意忽视（overlook）他的缺点，所以选A。search 搜查；suspect 猜疑；investigate 调查。
16. D。考查介词。do sb. good ＝ do good to sb. 对某人有益。
17. C。因为在当地选举中严重失利，所以那位参议员只能从总统职位的竞选中退出，所填选项应为“退出选举”，故选C。abandon 遗弃；announce 宣布；withdraw 退出；withhold 扣留，拒绝给予。
18. D。因为我们等不及我们定的东西邮寄过来，我们不得不取消了订单。postpone 延迟；refuse 拒绝；delay 推迟，耽搁；cancel 取消，废除。
19. B。on board＝aboard上船/飞机/车等；在车/船/飞机上等。句意：飞机起飞或降落时，请机上所有乘客系好安全带。
20. D。充分利用时间来用知识武装自己，以便更容易适应（adapt to）未来充满竞争的社会，所以选D。suit to 相称；keep to 遵循；adopt 收养，采用。