2020届高三英语精准培优专练三：情态动词与虚拟语气（原卷版）
一、真题在线
I．单选填空
1.【2019江苏卷】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
2.【2019天津卷】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
3.【2018天津卷】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
4.【2018江苏卷】24. It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
5.【2018江苏卷】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had
6.【2018天津卷】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left
7.【2018北京卷】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
.8.【2018北京卷】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
9.【2017北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
10.【2017北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
11.【2017江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
12.【2017天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
13.【2017天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
14.【2016天津卷】I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I __________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
15.【2016江苏卷】If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
II．短文改错
【2015四川卷】If you are me, would you talk to him?
二、模拟演练
I．单选填空
1.（江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测） If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.
A. had been B. were C. would be D. was
2.（江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测）he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it.
A. shall B. must C. may D. need
3.（天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试）—I spend two weeks in Beijing last year.
—Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, ________ you?
A. mustn’t B. didn’t C. haven’t D. hadn’t
4.（天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试）The bus would not have run into the river ________ for the bad tempered lady.
A. if it were not B. had it not been C. if it would not be D. should it not be
5.（江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟）— Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window?
— Well, if you __________. I can put on more clothes.
A. can B. may C. must D. shall
6.（天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考）You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ by turns, you ________ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
7.（天津和平区2018-2019学年度第二学期高三年级第三次质量调查）---He was satisfied with the result, wasn't he?
---No. It was so difficult that he __________have passed it.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. couldn’t D. wouldn't
8.（天津和平区2018-2019学年度第二学期高三年级第三次质量调查）But for your help I __________ the work on time. I really do not know how I can thank you enough.
A. wouldn't finish B. hadn't finished
C. wouldn't have finished D. won't have finished
9.（2019江苏高考学科基地秘卷（一））32. The old man doesn’t say a word about this matter as if he . In fact, everything is under his control.
A. doesn’t care B. won’t care C. didn’t care D. hadn’t cared
10.（2020届江苏省盐城市高三年级第一学期期中考试）34.The financial crisis ________in the country had the government responded quickly enough to the signs.
A. was avoided B. had been avoided
C. would be avoided D. would have been avoided
II．短文改错
1.(青岛二中2018-2019学年第一学期期末高三模块考试·语法填空)It had been just an impulse (冲动) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I ____8____(not do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, which I didn’t even know he had at the time.
2.（广东省2019届高三六校第一次联考·短文改错） When I got the papers, I realized things could have been better if I listened to the teacher much more attentively.
3.（宁夏银川一中2019届高三第二次模拟·短文改错）So I suggest that you spent your holiday in a different way.
4.（广东省肇庆市2019届高三第一次统测·短文改错）Anyone who will take part in the competition can chose any novel you consider the best.
2020届高三英语精准培优专练三：情态动词与虚拟语气（解析版）
一、真题在线
I．单选填空
1.【2019江苏卷】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________a good time together.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选C。
2.【2019天津卷】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ____________ the task in half the time.
A. accomplished B. had accomplished
C. would accomplish D. would have accomplished
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句the workers were not better organized可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选D。
3.【2018天津卷】If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught C. have caught D. would catch
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用had + v-ed。故选A。
4.【2018江苏卷】24. It’s strange that he _______have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should C. could D. might
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真奇怪，他竟然没有主人的允许就拿走了这些书。在句型”It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...”中，其中由that引导的主语从句通常用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，其中的should可以省略。故选B。
5.【2018江苏卷】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have C. would have had D. have had
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
6.【2018天津卷】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.
A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left
【答案】D
【解析】考查情态动词表推测和虚拟语气。句意：我不能找到我的钱包了，昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用情态动词+ have done，再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知，此推测为不能肯定的推测，故用情态动词could，表示“可能”。故选D。
7.【2018北京卷】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息时代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要；should应该，竟然；must必须，肯定。
.8.【2018北京卷】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他们多开几公里的话，他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知，该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分，表示对过去的虚拟，条件句部分要用过去完成时态，故D选项正确。
9.【2017北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。A. must 必须；B. should应该；C. can能；D. need需要。句意：Samuel，我们班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书。此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。
10.【2017北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话，这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟，所以从句谓语用had done形式，此外根据句意可知是被动，用被动语态，故A项是正确的。
11.【2017江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.
A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故选B。
12.【2017天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。
13.【2017天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？——有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。此处otherwise(否则)相当于一个if引导的条件状语从句，由yesterday可知本句对过去进行虚拟，由此可以判断出主句用wouldn’t have done，故选B。
14.【2016天津卷】I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I __________.
A. were injured B. would be injured
C. had been injured D. would have been injured
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我当时系着安全带。如果我没有系安全带，我就会受伤了。使用虚拟语气，根据if条件句用的had done，可知，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，而且I和injure是被动关系。故选D。
15.【2016江苏卷】If it_________ for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.
A. had not been B. should not be
C. were not to be D. should not have been
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为前几天他的邀请，我现在就不会在这里了。if从句表示与过去事实相反，所以使用过去完成时，主句表示与现在事实相反，本句属于错综条件句的虚拟语气。所以使用“情态动词+动词原形”。故选A。
II．短文改错
【2015四川卷】If you are me, would you talk to him?
【答案】
【解析】are→were 考查虚拟语气。本句实际上是if引导的条件句的虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反，从句使用一般过去时/were，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你是我，你会和他们谈吗？所以本句应该使用过去式were。
二、模拟演练
I．单选填空
1.（江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测） If she ________ generous as she makes out she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.
A. had been B. were C. would be D. was
【答案】B
【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句首的if（如果）与主句的would have done（早就做…）可判断本题考查虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以if从句用一般过去式，be动词要用were。虚拟语气中，be动词的一般过去时只能用were不能用was，故选B。
2.（江苏省盐城中学2019届高三年级质量检测）he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it.
A. shall B. must C. may D. need
【答案】A
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A. shall用于第二、第三人称，则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B. must（必须，一定）用于肯定句。C. may（可以，能够）表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D. need (表示没有必要或询问是否有必要) 需要；故选A。
3.（天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试）—I spend two weeks in Beijing last year.
—Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, ________ you?
A. mustn’t B. didn’t C. haven’t D. hadn’t
【答案】B
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——去年我在北京呆了两周。——那么你在逗留期间一定参观过长城，是吗?题中last summer表示的是一个确定的过去时间，可认定must have visited是对“过去”的推断，用一般过去时反问。此处是反意疑问句，前半句肯定，后半句应该用否定形式，故选B。
4.（天津市南开中学2019届高三年级校模拟考试）The bus would not have run into the river ________ for the bad tempered lady.
A. if it were not B. had it not been C. if it would not be D. should it not be
【答案】B
【解析】考查if从句的虚拟语气。句意：要不是那位坏脾气的女士，公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，从句中有had则if省略，把助动词had提到主语前面，故选B。
5.（江苏省南京市2019届高三模拟）— Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window?
— Well, if you __________. I can put on more clothes.
A. can B. may C. must D. shall
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意：-不好意思，我把窗户打开你介意吗?- 好吧，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A. can能够；B. may可能；C. must一定；必须；D. shall会；将。must表示偏要，必须要做的事情，故选C。
6.（天津市十二所重点中学2019届高三毕业班联考）You didn’t let me drive. If we ________ by turns, you ________ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你当时不让我开车，如果我们轮流开车的话，你就不会这么累了。根据“You didn’t let me drive.”判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句要用过去完成时，主句用wouldn’t have done结构，故D项正确。
7.（天津和平区2018-2019学年度第二学期高三年级第三次质量调查）---He was satisfied with the result, wasn't he?
---No. It was so difficult that he __________have passed it.
A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. couldn’t D. wouldn't
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。A. shouldn't 不应该；B. mustn't禁止，不允许；C. couldn’t 不可能；D. wouldn't不会。句意：---他对结果很满意，是吗? ---不。考试太难了，他不可能通过。固定结构：couldn’t have done“不可能做某事”，此处是对过去事情有把握的否定推测。故选C。
8.（天津和平区2018-2019学年度第二学期高三年级第三次质量调查）But for your help I __________ the work on time. I really do not know how I can thank you enough.
A. wouldn't finish B. hadn't finished
C. wouldn't have finished D. won't have finished
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是你的帮助，我就不会按时完成这项工作了。我真不知道该怎么感谢你才好。此处But for“要不是”，相当于if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以主语部分应该是would/might/could +have done结构。故选C。
9.（2019江苏高考学科基地秘卷（一））32. The old man doesn’t say a word about this matter as if he . In fact, everything is under his control.
A. doesn’t care B. won’t care C. didn’t care D. hadn’t cared
【答案】C
【解析】考査虚拟语气。as if后接的从句所描述的内容与真实情况相反，因此用虚拟语气.本题是对现在情况的虚拟,故谓语用一般过去时，故选C。
10.（2020届江苏省盐城市高三年级第一学期期中考试）34.The financial crisis ________in the country had the government responded quickly enough to the signs.
A. was avoided B. had been avoided
C. would be avoided D. would have been avoided
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：这个国家的经济危机本可以被避免，如果那时政府对那些征兆反映地够快。此处had the government……signs，为虚拟语气，与过去相反，因此主句要用would have done，而crisis是被避免，因此用would have been avoided，故选D。
II．短文改错
1.(青岛二中2018-2019学年第一学期期末高三模块考试·语法填空)It had been just an impulse (冲动) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I ____8____(not do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, which I didn’t even know he had at the time.
【答案】had not done
【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据上文“I would never have tasted those lovely cherries”可知，空处表示对过去情况的事实相反，if从句用had done结构。表示“如果我没有那样做，我将永远不会品尝到这些好吃的樱桃”故填had not done。
2.（广东省2019届高三六校第一次联考·短文改错） When I got the papers, I realized things could have been better if I listened to the teacher much more attentively.
【答案】在listened前加had
【解析】考查虚拟语气。我意识到如果我听了老师更细心的话，事情会变得更好。此处是if引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，所以if条件句用过去完成时态，故在listened前加had。
3.（宁夏银川一中2019届高三第二次模拟·短文改错）So I suggest that you spent your holiday in a different way.
【答案】spent →spend
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：所以我建议你用一种不同的方式度过你的假期。suggest当“建议”时，后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用should+动词原形，或省略should。故答案为：spent改为spend。
4.（广东省肇庆市2019届高三第一次统测·短文改错）Anyone who will take part in the competition can chose any novel you consider the best.
【答案】chose →choose
【解析】考查动词形式。情态动词can后用动词原形，故chose改为choose。
