北师大版高中英语模块7 Unit 20 New Frontiers语言点(1)

Unit 20 New Frontiers 语言点（1）
学习目标
重点词汇
assist, latter, imagine, worn, conflict, assess, donate， correspond,
meanwhile, split
重点短语
look into, carry out, in advance, be getting at, give away, make up for,
get across, take over
重点句型
no matter +疑问词
make it + adj./ n. + (真正的)宾语
keep + sb./ sth. + 宾补
知识讲解
重点词汇
assist
【原句回放】The new international crew are planning to take over from the existing one and assist with repairs on Alpha, ... 新国际成员计划接管现存的飞船，帮助修复Alpha，……
【点拨】assist vt. & vi. 帮助，支援；促进
assist较正式用语，一般表示“协助”，常常暗指提供帮助的一方所做的事比较简单或不太重要。
常用结构：
assist (sb.) in/with 在某方面给予协助
assist sb. in doing something 帮助某人做某事
assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事
We all assisted in mending the roof.
我们都帮忙修屋顶。
Would you be kind enough to assist me in a small experiment?
你能在这个小实验中协助我吗？
This programme assists the young to find a job easily.
这个节目帮助年轻人容易找到工作。
【拓展】assistant n. 助手，助理
assistance n. 协助，援助
latter
【原句回放】In the 18th and 19th centuries, especially the latter, the most common theme in science fiction novels was the future. 在十八世纪和十九世纪，特别是后者，在科幻小说中最常见的主题就是关于未来的。
【点拨】latter n. 后者；adj. 后面的，后者的，较后的，近来的（常与the连用）
He presented two solutions. The latter seems much better.
他提出了两个解决方案，后一个看起来要好得多。
The latter point is the most important.
后面提及的那一点是最重要的。
【拓展】latter, late, lately, later, latest与last
latter adj. 常与the连用，表示列举的两个事物中的后面一个，与the former相对。
late adj.&adv. 表示时间上的迟或晚。
lately adv. 相当于recently，表示“最近，近来”，强调时间点，多用于过去时；表示时间长度，多用于完成时。
later adj.&adv. 表示“以后的，后期的，后来，较晚地”，还可以与时间名词连用，表示“……之后”，用于过去时和将来时。
latest adj. 最近的，最新的。
last adj. 表示“最后的”时，与first相对；表示“刚过去的，上一次的”，与next相对；还可表示“最不可能的，最不愿意的，最不合适的”。
adv. 最后，最近，上一次。
用latter, late, lately, later, latest或last的适当形式填空
Although it was ________, yet he worked on the farm by the moon light.
He made no close friends during ________ years.
Of the two choices, I prefer the ________.
Her skirt is the ________ style.
She is the ________ woman I expected to see.
I haven’t written to her ________.
She came back ten years ________.
（Keys: 1. late 2. later 3. latter 4. latest 5. last 6. lately 7. later）
imagine
【原句回放】Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine what the world will be like in 10, 50 or even 1,000 years’ time. 一些人喜欢读奇幻故事，并且想象10年，50年或1000年后世界的样子。
【点拨】imagine vt. 想象
注意：imagine后接动词作宾语时要用动词-ing形式。
常用搭配：imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
imagine sb. to be/ do... 以为某人是/做……
Can you imagine him living alone on the deserted island for that long?
你能想象他一人独自在荒岛生活那么久吗？
I had imagined her to be older than that girl. 我原以为她比那个女孩儿要大些。
I can imagine him really angry. 我可以想象他真的很生气。
【拓展】imagination n. 想象（力）
imaginary adj. 想象中的，虚构的
imaginative adj. 富有想象力的
an imaginary land 虚构的地方
an imaginative writer富于想象力的作家
worn
【原句回放】Garments will also be so strong that they will never get old and worn. 衣服也将会牢固结实，永远不会变旧或磨坏。
【点拨】worn adj. 磨损的
He showed us a good tyre for comparison with the worn one.
他给我们看了一个好轮胎，与磨损的作比较。
The stone steps were worn and broken.
石头台阶都磨损破裂了。
【拓展】wear v. (wore, worn) 穿着，带着，磨损，变旧
常用搭配：wear out 磨穿，（使）疲劳
His pants had been worn out. 他的裤子已经穿破了。
I was worn out after a day of shopping.
逛了一天商店，我都累坏了。
conflict
【原句回放】There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality. 因此世界上不会再有任何冲突，人们将会共同生活在和平与平等的环境中。
【点拨】conflict n. 冲突；矛盾
vi. 发生冲突
常用搭配：come into conflict with 与……冲突，与……战斗
conflict with sb./sth. 与……有相冲突
in conflict with 与……冲突，与……矛盾
There is, in fact, no conflict.
其实并不矛盾。
The hours of the two meetings conflict.
这两个会议时间发生冲突。
Do Chinese laws conflict with any international laws?
中国法律与国际法律之间有分歧吗？
The two roommates often come into conflict.
这两个室友经常闹矛盾。
assess
【原句回放】The insect-like robots may be sent around the cells of our body to assess our health. 可以把微小的、如昆虫大的机器人放置于人体细胞中以评估我们的健康状况。
【点拨】assess vt. 评价，评定
The booklet aims to help parents assess recent educational changes.
这本小册子是用来帮助家长评估最近的教育变化的。
We are trying to assess how well the system works.
我们正设法评估这个系统运行得是否顺畅。
【拓展】assessment n. 评估，评定，评价，估计
donate
【原句回放】Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones. 医学的进步包括从在显微镜下发现疾病的起因到用捐赠器官替代病变器官这样的外科手术过程。
【点拨】donate vt. 捐赠
The businessman donated a lot of money to the hospital.
这个商人向那家医院捐了很多的钱。
This computer was donated to us by a local company.
这台计算机是当地一家公司捐赠给我们的。
【拓展】donation n. 捐赠，捐赠物
常用搭配：give/ make/ present a donation to sb./ an organization 捐赠给某人/组织
They made a generous donation to charity.
他们向慈善组织进行了慷慨的捐助。
correspond
【原句回放】Communications changed with the introduction of mobile phones and the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing. 通讯随着移动电话的引入而改变，我们通信的方式从写信变成发电子邮件。
【点拨】correspond v. 通信，符合，相当
常用搭配：
correspond with sb. 和某人通信 (=communicate with sb.)
correspond with sth. 与……相符合
correspond to sth. 相当于
What he said corresponded with what he did.
他所说的跟他所做的相符合(言行一致)。
The American Congress corresponds to the British Parliament.
美国的国会相当于英国的议会。
I haven’t corresponded with my old friends for years.
我已多年没跟我的老朋友们通信了。
meanwhile
【原句回放】We started flying around the world and meanwhile, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. 我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
【点拨】meanwhile adv.其间，同时，在那当中
n．其时，其间
注意：
1. meanwhile＝meantime＝at the same time
2. meanwhile不能作连词，所以不能引导时间状语从句。
常用搭配： in the meanwhile 在此期间，同时
In the meanwhile I’ll visit an old friend of mine.
在这期间我将去拜访我的一位老朋友。
The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible.
医生下周还会给你看病。在此期间，你一定要尽可能多休息。
split
【原句回放】We started flying around the world and meanwhile, scientists figured out how to split the atom, previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe. 我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
【点拨】split v. 劈开，使裂开，分担，分享（过去式：split 过去分词：split 现在分词：splitting）
n. 分裂
常用搭配：split up with 断绝关系，分离
split into 分成
Some kinds of wood split easily. 有些木材容易劈开。
We’ll split the cost of the petrol. 我们平摊了油费。
We split into two groups and searched the forest.
我们分成两组搜查了树林。
I decide to split up with him.
我决定同他绝交。
重点短语
look into
【原句回放】Hannah Jones looks into the future. 汉娜·琼斯展望未来。
【点拨】look into 调查(= investigate / examine)
The policemen have looked into the murder case.
警察已经介入调查这件谋杀案了。
They set up a committee to look into the matter.
他们成立了一个委员会来调查这一事件。
Something is wrong with the machine; we are looking into it.
机器出了问题，我们正在检查。
【拓展】
look over 检查 look about 四处观看
look ahead 计划未来 look away 把脸转过去
look back 回顾过去 look down 看不起
look on 旁观 look out 当心
carry out
【原句回放】Tiny, insect-like robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us healthy. 微小的如昆虫大小的机器人可放置于人体细胞中，检查我们的健康状况并对患处进行修复，保持人体健康。
【点拨】carry out 执行，进行，实行，履行
常用搭配：
carry out an experiment 进行试验 carry out an order 执行命令
carry out an instruction 遵照指示 carry out a suggestion 执行建议
They were carrying out the plan behind the curtain.
他们在秘密地实行那个计划。
She had finally carried out her promise to quit smoking.
她最终实现了戒烟的诺言。
【拓展】相关短语：
carry on (with) 继续开展，进行下去，坚持下去
carry through 帮……渡过难关；进行（到底）；贯彻
carry away 运走，拿走
carry back 运回，拿回，使回想起
in advance
【原句回放】What I’m trying to say is that we sent the questions to her programmers in advance. 我要说的是我们提前把问题送到她的编程人员那里。
【点拨】in advance 预先
常用搭配：in advance of sth. 在……前；超过
You must pay for the book in advance before we deliver it to you.
在我们邮寄书之前，你必须预先付书钱。
To complete the work on time, you’d better make a plan in advance.
为了按时完成工作，你最好提前制订一个计划。
Galileo’s ideas were well in advance of the age in which he lived.
伽利略的思想远远超越了他所生活的时代。
【拓展】
on the advance 在上涨 with the advance of 随着……的增加
advance on/towards/upon 朝……前进
be getting at
【原句回放】What I’m getting at is… 我想说的是……
【点拨】be getting at 意指，暗示
What are you getting at, Helen? 海伦，你到底想说什么？
Do you see the point I’m getting at? 你明白我的意思吗？
But I knew what they were getting at. 但我知道他们暗指什么。
【拓展】get at 到达，够到；一再数落
You’re always getting at me. 你总数落我。
give away
【原句回放】Anyway, I’m not going to give away the ending. 无论如何，我都不会说出电影的结局。
【点拨】give away 泄露(秘密)；赠送；捐赠；颁发
I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away.
我恐怕孩子们会把整件事说出去。
He gave away most of his money to the charity, leaving only a small part to his children.
他把大部分钱都捐赠给慈善事业了，只留了很少部分给他的子女。
The mayor gave away the prizes in person at the sports meeting.
市长亲自在运动会上颁了奖。
【拓展】相关短语
give in 投降，屈服；交上，呈上 give up 放弃，戒掉
give out 分发；用光，用尽 give off 发出(气味、热、光等)
My strength gave out when I got to the top of Mount Tai.
当我到达泰山山顶时，我筋疲力尽了。
These wild flowers give off a nice smell in spring.
在春天这些野花散发出一股香味。
make up for
【原句回放】The team will be anxious to make up for a disappointing start to the season. 这个队将会急于弥补本赛季不尽如意的开端。
【点拨】make up for 补偿，弥补
It’s easy to say sorry, but who will make up for the loss?
说声对不起容易，但谁来补偿损失。
Pay increases will not always make up for poor working conditions.
工资的增长并不总能够弥补恶劣的工作环境之不足。
【拓展】make up 补足；编造；组成
We need $50 to make up the sum required.
我们需要五十元以补足所需要的数目。
The whole story is made up.
整个故事完全是虚构出来的。
The medical team was made up of twelve doctors.
医疗队由十二名医生组成。
get across
【原句回放】We must get across the simple fact that drugs are dangerous. 我们必须传递这样一个简单的事实：毒品非常危险。
【点拨】get across (to) 将（想法、信息等）传达(给某人)，被理解
It took him ages to get his point across.
花了很长时间他才让别人听明白他的意思。
It is important that we get this message across to voters.
把这个信息传达给选民非常重要。
Your meaning didn’t really get across.
你的意思并未真正被别人理解。
【拓展】含get的短语：
get away with 摆脱，避免 get along/ on with 进展，与……相处
get around/ round 走动，（消息）传开 get sb. down (使某人)沮丧
get down to (doing) 开始/着手(做)…… get through 完成，通过
take over
【原句回放】His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over. 他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。
【点拨】take over 接管
He wanted to take over the job.
他想接管这项工作。
Our chairman has left, so Peter will take over.
我们的主席走了，彼得将接任。
I’m feeling too tired to drive any more; will you take over?
我累得开不动车了，你来接手好吗？
【拓展】含take的短语
take away拿走，带走；移去；消除 take back取回，带回；收回
take down拿下，取下；记下 take in吸收，摄取；理解；欺骗
take off起飞；脱掉，拿去；取消 take on承担，从事
take up开始从事，着手处理
重点句型
no matter +疑问词
【原句回放】By the year 2015, the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them. 到2015年，服装业将生产出一种新型布料，无论你将什么东西洒在上面都不会留下污渍。
【点拨】no matter＋疑问词 不管…… (引导让步状语从句)
注意：此结构中疑问词可以是：who，what，which，when，where，how等。
No matter who they are(＝Whoever they are)，they will have to obey the traffic rules.
无论他们是谁，都要遵守交通规则。
No matter how difficult it is (＝However difficult it is), we must overcome it.
不管多么难，我们都要克服它。
【拓展】no matter wh-与-ever类的区别
1. no matter what/who/which/...只能引导让步状语从句。
2. whatever/whoever/whichever既可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句，引导状语从句时两者可互换。
No matter what you do (＝Whatever you do), you should try your best.
不管做什么，你都应当尽力。
Take whatever you want.你要什么就拿什么吧。(不能用no matter what替换)
make it + adj./ n. + (真正的)宾语
【原句回放】By the year 2030, development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years. 2030年之前，生物化学和医学的发展将能够在理论上使人类至少活到150岁。
【点拨】make it + adj./ n. + (真正的)宾语
当不定式、动词-ing形式或从句作宾语时，如果有宾语补足语，要把宾语后置，用it作形式宾语。
用于此句型的动词常用的有：consider, find, make, feel, know, regard, think of, believe等。
I want to make it clear that I don’t agree with this policy.
我想表明我不同意这项政策。
He worked hard and made it possible to go to college.
他努力学习，这使他上大学成为可能。
Generation gap makes it hard for parents and children to understand each other.
代沟使父母与孩子之间相互难以理解对方。
keep + sb./ sth. + 宾补
【原句回放】Tiny, insect-like robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us healthy. 微小的如昆虫大小的机器人可放置于人体细胞中，检查我们的健康状况并对患处进行修复，保持人体健康。
【点拨】keep + sb./ sth. + 宾补 使保持某种状态
注意：该结构中宾补即宾语补足语，可由形容词、副词、名词、分词或介词短语等充当。
Please do keep me informed of the latest news. (宾语me是“被告知”的，用过去分词作宾补)
一定随时通知我最新消息。
Add some more coal to keep the fire going. (宾语the fire与go是主动关系，用-ing形式作宾补)
再添些煤，别让火灭了。
You must keep in mind that he is younger than you．
你应该记住他比你年轻。（that从句是宾语，in mind是宾补）
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. The young nurse was very nervous when she a________ in her first operation.
2. She looked at the house and a________ its price at 200,000 dollars.
3. Susan went to tidy up the house; m________, Lily started to do some washing.
4. The students were s_________ up into three groups to discuss the question.
5. Had Tom not dived into the river to r_________ him, the boy would have drowned.
6. After a long travel, his coat was w________ in several places.
7. A c_________ between the two countries could easily spread across the whole region.
8. Local people lined up to d________ blood for the brave girl.
9. We have worked out a new set of ____________ (程序) for using this machine.
10. I have been _______________ (通信) with several experts in the field.
二、选词填空
take over, give away, make up for, carry out, look into,
in advance, be getting at, get across, range from, wear out
1. No matter what difficulty you will meet with, __________ your plan.
2. The couple have several children whose ages ______________ three to sixteen.
3. Nothing can _____________ what they have suffered in the war.
4. He had no necessary experience or skill to ____________ such a highly sensitive position.
5. In an unguarded moment, he ___________ his most important secrets.
6. If you want to get the machine, you must pay for it ____________.
7. My son’s shirt was ________, so I will go to buy a new one.
8. He tried hard to ________ to us what he really wanted.
9. What I ________ is that computers can never express human emotions.
10. Please contact us, and we will seriously ________ every customer’s needs.
三、单项选择
1. ________ after a long walk，Mike called and said he couldn’t come to the party.
A．Having worn out B．Being worn out C．To wear out D．Worn out
2. As is well known，she has ________ her books to the library，which is a great help to our school.
A．offer B．donated C．bought D．supplying
3. The incomes of skilled workers went up. ________, unskilled workers saw their earnings fall.
A. Moreover B. Therefore C. Meanwhile D. Otherwise
4. Many American students believe that their best effort should earn them good grades, ________ their test answers and essays turn out.
A. no matter how B. whatever C. no matter what D. whichever
5. We propose the state government to allocate money ________ to form the old-age insurance fund together with payment from other channels.
A．in particular B．in all C．in advance D．in return
6. Have you heard that CBS Records was ______ by Sony?
A．taken away B．taken down C．taken over D．taken up
7. The bad weather made ________ impossible for us to go camping.
A．that B．it C．this D．what
8. Palestine often ________ Israel as a result of religion and other reasons all the year round.
A．conflicts with B．conflicts to C．disagrees with D．disagrees to
9．If most breadwinners ________ a day’s pay to the Hope Project, then it will be hopeful.
A. gift B. present C. donate D. give
10．The scholars were trying to ________ many elements upon which the future of the earth depended.
A. evaluate B. calculate C. estimate D. assess
11．—Why did John come to your house yesterday?
—He asked me to ________ him in finding somewhere to live.
A．provide B．arouse C．assist D．persist
12. The report about the market sales should be sent to the manager on time and it shouldn’t be a minute ________.
A. late B. later C. latter D. latest
13. I can hardly imagine _____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five years.
A. Peter sail B. Peter to sell C. Peter sailing D. Peter to have sailed
14. It is reported that the police will soon _______ the case of the two missing children.
A. look upon B. look after C. look into D. look out
15. I used to ________ my friends by letters while now the Internet is more convenient.
A. meet with B. come with C. put up with D. correspond with
16. —Did you make sense of what the man said just now?
—No，his meaning didn’t ______.Would you explain it for me?
A．get through B．get off C．get across D．get out
17. —It’s a good idea. But who’s going to ________ the plan?
—I think Tom and Greg will.
A. set aside B. carry out C. take in D. get through
18. She tried hard to keep calm in face of the students, but the sweat on her forehead ______ her _______.
A. gave; away B. turned down C. showed; out D. shut; off
19. They use computers to keep the traffic ________ smoothly.
A. being run B. run C. to run D. running
20. Johnson is now working harder to ________ his lost time when he was at college.
A．catch up with B．make use of C．keep in touch with D．make up for
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. assisted 2. assessed 3. meanwhile 4. split 5. rescue (营救)
6. worn 7. conflict 8. donate 9. procedures 10. corresponding
二、选词填空
1. carry out 2. range from 3. make up for 4. take over 5. gave away
6. in advance 7. worn out 8. get across 9. am getting at 10. look into
三、单项选择
1. D。句意：因为长途步行后十分疲劳，迈克打电话说他不能来参加聚会了。wear out表示“使某人筋疲力尽”，“走了很长的路”使Mike筋疲力尽，wear out与Mike是动宾关系，所以，要表示“（某人）感到筋疲力尽”要用过去分词，在句中作状语，表示原因。
2. B。句意：众所周知，她把她的书本捐赠给了图书馆，这对我们学校是极大的帮助。donate sth. to sb.“捐赠某物给某人”，故B项正确。
3. C。句意：有经验的工人的工资在上涨，但同时没经验的工人却看着他们的工资下降。根据句意是指有经验工人和非技术工人工资涨落的对比情况，meanwhile意为“同时”，所以选C。moreover 而且，此外；therefore 因此；otherwise 否则，在其他方面。
4. A。考查让步状语从句。所填的词引导让步状语从句的方式状语，而turn out（结果是，变得）后多接形容词，表示主语的特征，所以提问时用how，所以选A。
5. C。句意：我们建议国家财政事先就直接拨款，和其他渠道的缴费一起共同构成养老保险基金。in particular尤其，特别；in all 总共；in return作为回报；in advance提前，预先，C项符合题意。
6. C。句意为：你听说哥伦比亚广播公司的唱片公司已被索尼公司收购了吗？ take away 拿走，带走；take down 拿下，记下；take over 接替，接管；take up 开始从事，着手处理，占。
7. B。因为有了宾语补足语impossible，作宾语的不定式for us to go camping后置，用it作形式宾语。
8. A。句意：巴勒斯坦与以色列由于宗教信仰及其他原因长年冲突不断。conflict with与……冲突，相矛盾；disagree with不同意……。
9. C。句意：如果大多数挣钱的人捐出一天的收入给希望工程，那么该工程就有希望了。donate“捐赠(给慈善事业或者组织)”，符合题意。gift指“赋予某种才能”，常用于被动结构；present“赠送；呈现”，通常有仪式；give“给予”，为普通用词。
10. D。句意：学者们正在努力对各种影响地球未来的因素进行评价。assess指对某人或某一状况认真做出“判断；评价”，也可指对某物的价值“做出准确估计”。evaluate指用人们熟悉的标准“评定人或物的价值”；calculate计算；estimate根据人的经验和知识对事物做出粗略的甚至是错误的推断或评价。
11. C。句意：——昨天汤姆为什么去你家呢？——他要我帮他找个住的地方。assist sb. in doing sth.“帮助某人干某事”，为固定用法。provide sb. with sth. 向某人提供某物；arouse 唤醒，唤起；persist 坚持。
12. A。late“迟，晚”；later为比较级，意为“更迟，更晚”；latter意为“后者”，强调两事物的顺序关系；latest为最高级，意为“最迟的，最晚的，最新的”，强调时间关系；根据句子中的on time可知，答案为A项。
13. C。imagine接动词作宾语时，常接动词-ing形式，而此动词的特有的逻辑主语要用名词所有格或宾格形式，即用imagine Peter sailing或imagine Peter’s sailing。所以选C。
14. C。句意：据报道，警察将很快着手调查两个孩子失踪的那个案件。look into 表示“调查”，符合题意；look after 照顾，照料；look upon 旁观；look out 向外看，当心。
15. D。句意：我过去和朋友们靠书信交流，然而，现在互联网方便多了。从by letters看出空白处应填入表示“交流”的词，所以选D。correspond with 与……通信；meet with 碰见；come with 伴随……发生；put up with 容忍。
16. C。get through“打通(电话)”；get off“下(车/船等)”；get across“被理解”；get out“外出”。根据句意可知答案为C。
17. B。根据句意“但谁将执行这个计划呢”可知应该选carry out（执行），其他选项不合题意。set aside 留出，取消；take in 吸收，欺骗；get through 到达，做完，通过。
18. A。句意：她努力地试图在学生面前保持镇定，但是她前额的汗水使露出了马脚。give away 泄露，暴露；turn down 拒绝；show sb. out 带某人出去；shut off 使隔绝。
19. D。句意：他们使用电脑来维持交通顺畅。traffic与run之间是主动关系，用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语。
20. D。catch up with 赶上，追上；make use of 利用；keep in touch with 与……保持联系；make up for 弥补，补偿。句意：约翰逊现在更加努力地工作以弥补在大学期间所浪费的时间。