北师大版高中英语模块7 Unit 21 Human Biology 语言点（2）

Unit 21 Human Biology 语言点（2）
学习目标
重点词汇
postpone, prohibit, pause, foresee, temporary, rob, decline, equip
fortune, submit, concern, sceptical, circumstance
重点短语
make it, cater to, get through, wipe out, stop sth. in its tracks, at any rate
重点句型
leave + 宾语+宾语补足语
have faith that...
知识讲解
重点词汇
postpone
【原句回放】Example 1 postpone 例1 延迟
【点拨】postpone vt. 延期；延缓；搁置
常用搭配：
postpone sth. (to/until...) 推迟到……
postpone doing sth. 推迟做某事
We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.
我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。
The game has already been postponed three times.
这场比赛已经被延期三次了。
They decided to postpone building the new school.
他们决定延迟兴建新学校。
【拓展】postpone, delay与put off
postpone指将某一活动“延期”到某一确定时间。
delay指由于某种意外或客观原因而“耽搁或推迟”。
put off指主观上有意“拖延”时间。
试一试：
Let’s ________ making a decision until we have more information.
He keeps ______ going to visit his uncle.
The sports meeting will be ________ because of some reason.
Keys：1. postpone 2. putting off 3. delayed
prohibit
【原句回放】Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks. 从“非典”疫情结束后，科学家们就在做治疗实验以防止将来的再次爆发。
【点拨】prohibit vt. (尤指以法令)禁止；妨碍，阻止；使不可能
常用搭配：prohibit sb. from doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
prohibit (sb.’s) doing sth. 禁止某人做某事
Smoking is prohibited in the office building. 办公楼内禁止抽烟。
Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town centre. 严禁摩托车在镇中心驾驶。
I suggest the government take measures to prohibit people from parking their cars here.
我建议政府应该采取措施来禁止人们在此停车。
【拓展】prohibit，forbid，ban的区别
1. prohibit指用法律或法令来禁止某些事情。
2. forbid指父母、老师等直接下命令，或以规则来禁止某事，是普通用词。
3. ban语气最重，特指权威机关禁止不合宗教、道德准则的事物，含“严厉谴责”之意，只用事物作宾语。
The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。
Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器!
pause
【原句回放】Modern communication technology and medical research techniques allow health experts all over the world to unite, share knowledge, and work together without pause to help put SARS behind us. 现代通讯技术和医学研究技术使全世界的医学专家们能够联合起来，分享知识，不停顿地通力合作，这有助于将“非典”抛弃在我们的身后。
【点拨】pause vi. 暂停，中止
n. 停顿，停顿的时间
常用搭配：without pause 不停地
give sb. pause 使某人认真考虑
The woman spoke almost without pausing for breath.
那个女人说话像放连珠炮似的。
They worked for three hours without pause. 他们连续工作了三个小时。
After a long pause, she went on with the story. 她停了好一会儿，继续讲故事。
foresee
【原句回放】It is important to look at the spread of diseases throughout history to discover the causes and effects of epidemics, and hopefully, foresee and prevent them in the future. 我们有必要回顾一下历史上疾病的传播情况，从而弄清楚传染病的起因和后果，并寄希望于预防它们发生。
【点拨】foresee (foresaw, foreseen) vt. 预见，预知
The extent of the damage could not have been foreseen.
损害程度是无法预见的。
We could foresee that we would die if we couldn’t reach land very soon.
可以预见，如果不能很快地靠岸登陆，我们必死无疑。
【拓展】foresee, forecast, predict
foresee强调“预见，预知”，着重宣布未来的事，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。
forecast强调“预报”，指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。
predict常指根据已知的事实或自然规律推断出未来的事情，可用于各种不同的场合，预言有一定的科学性。
试一试：
The difficulties could not have been ________.
Hurricanes have been __________ for tomorrow afternoon.
She ________ that he would marry a doctor.
Keys：1. foreseen 2. forecast 3. predicted
temporary
【原句回放】...Terri’s parents still believed that her coma was only temporary. ……特瑞的父母亲仍然认为她的昏迷只是暂时的。
【点拨】temporary adj. 临时的，短暂的 （反义词为permanent 永久的，持久的）
Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays.
学生们常常在暑假打临工。
We apologize for the temporary inconvenience caused by these building works.
对于建筑施工造成的短期不便，我们谨致歉意。
The daily flight to Dallas has been temporarily suspended.
每天飞往达拉斯的航班暂停。
【拓展】temporarily adv. 临时
be temporarily unavailable 暂时得不到
rob
【原句回放】Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm. 特瑞在1990年陷入昏迷，当时心脏病使大脑缺氧造成了永久性的伤害。
【点拨】rob vt. 使丧失；抢劫；抢夺
常用搭配：
rob sb. of sth. 抢夺某人某物；使某人失去……
rob some place of sth. 从某处抢劫某物
The young man robbed her of her bag on the way to work.
在那天上班的路上，那个年轻男子抢了她的包。
The accident robbed him of his health; he had to lie in bed from then on.
那起事故使他丧失了健康，从那以后他不得不躺在床上。
They robbed the bank of millions of dollars and were arrested by the police.
他们抢劫了那家银行几百万美元，已被警方逮捕了。
【拓展】易混结构（注意不同的搭配）
steal sth. from sb. / steal sb.’s sth. 偷了某人的某物
decline
【原句回放】Even though doctors don’t fully understand comas and the process of recovery，it is generally agreed that a patient’s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma. 虽然医生们并没有完全明白昏迷及其恢复过程，但是他们普遍认为病人持续昏迷的时间越长，会降低他们恢复的可能性。
【点拨】decline vi. 下降；变小(少、弱)；衰退；下沉；倾斜 vt. 拒绝；使下降
n. 下降；衰退；斜坡
常用搭配：
decline by 下降……
decline to do sth. 拒绝做某事
fall into (a) decline 开始衰退
be in decline 处于下降/衰退中
on the decline 在走下坡路；在衰退（减少）
I offered him a lift to his house, but he declined with thanks.
我要让他搭便车送他回家，但他谢绝了。
His health has begun to decline recently.他的健康最近开始衰退了。
He declined to discuss his plan with the newspaper men.
他谢绝与新闻记者讨论他的计划。
There has been a gradual decline in the population of the town.
该镇的人口一直在逐渐减少中。
equip
【原句回放】There’s no doubt that this will equip us to cure all sorts of illnesses, from heart disease to cancer. 无疑，这将使我们能治疗各种疾病，从心脏病到癌症
【点拨】equip vt.& vi. 装备；配备；使有准备；使有资格
常用搭配：
equip sb./sth. with sth. 用某物装备某人/物
be equipped with sth. 装备有某物
equip sb./ sth. for (doing) sth. 为（做）某事而准备
equip sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
be equipped to do sth. 有准备做某事
Our classroom is equipped with a TV set and a tape recorder.
我们的教室里配有一台电视和一台录音机。
A good education should equip you for life.
良好的教育能使你受用终生。
【拓展】equipment n．设备，器材（不可数名词）
a piece of equipment for... 一件……的设备
fortune
【原句回放】I’d like to point out that while there are some firms that do this and charge a fortune to keep the bodies frozen, unfortunately there’s no scientific basis behind it. 我想指出有一些公司这样做，冷冻保存遗体，收取大笔钱财，但是不幸的是，并没有科学依据支持这个做法。
【点拨】fortune n. [U] 机会；运气；命运；[C]大笔的钱
常用搭配：
try one’s fortune 碰运气
tell sb.’s fortune 为某人算命
come into a fortune 继承大笔遗产
make a fortune 发财
That ring must be worth a fortune because it has a long history.
那个戒指肯定值很多钱，因为它有很长的历史了。
He made a fortune by selling houses when young.
年轻时，他靠卖房子发了财。
I have had good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.
我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。
Many young people want to live in big cities to seek their fortune.
许多年轻人想在大城市里寻找成功之路。
【拓展】fortunate adj. 幸运的，运气好的
fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv. 不幸地
submit
【原句回放】You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June. 你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。
【点拨】submit vt. 递交；提交；顺从；屈服；认输（常与介词to连用）
常用搭配：
submit sth. to... 将……提交给……
submit oneself to... 自愿服从……
submit to... 向……认输/屈服
We are submitting the proposal to the committee for their approval.
我们把建议提交委员会审批。
I submit to you that the accused is guilty.
我向你提出那个被告是有罪的。
He was too proud to submit to such treatment.
他的自尊心太强，不甘于受那种对待。
I did not submit to having my freedom limited.
我不甘于我的自由受到限制。
【拓展】submission n. 提交；顺从，归顺，屈服
concern
【原句回放】Yet, somehow, it was forgotten by history until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern. 然而，不知怎么地，它却遭到了历史的遗忘，直到最近“非典”成为人们关注的焦点。
【点拨】concern
1. n. [U, C]担心，忧虑；[C] 重要的事情
常用搭配：
(show/express) concern over/ about /for... 对……(表示)关心/担心
There is growing concern about violence on television.
人们对电视上充斥暴力内容的忧虑日益加重。
What are your main concerns as a writer?
作为作家，你主要关注的是哪些问题？
2. vt. 使担忧；使感兴趣；与……相关，涉及
常用搭配：
concern sb./sth. 使某人担忧；与某事相关
be concerned about / for ... 为……担忧，为……忧虑
be concerned in / with sth. 与某事有牵连
What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the change.
让我担忧的是我们对事态的变化缺乏准备。
Everyone who was directly concerned in/with the incident has now resigned.
所有与该事件有直接关联的人现在均已辞职。
The potential for abuse of these products concerns me a great deal.
这些产品有可能被滥用，这让我非常担心。
I am very concerned about her.
我非常挂念她。
【拓展】concerned adj. 与……有牵连的；焦急的，担忧的
as/so far as ... is concerned 关于；至于；就……而言
sceptical
【原句回放】Don’t be so sceptical! 不要那么多疑！
【点拨】sceptical adj. 常怀疑的；怀疑论者的（美式拼法为skeptical）
常用搭配：take a sceptical attitude 持怀疑态度
be sceptical about/ of 对某事怀疑
The public remain sceptical of the claims.
公众对这一说法仍持怀疑态度。
Mary is sceptical about the solution.
玛丽对这个解决办法表示怀疑。
He listened to me with a sceptical expression.
他听我讲话的时候带着怀疑的表情。
【拓展】sceptically adv. 怀疑地
circumstance
【原句回放】not in any circumstances在任何情况下都不
【点拨】circumstance n. 情形，情况，环境（常用复数）
常用搭配：
under/in the circumstances 在此情况下；情况既然如此
under/in no circumstances（=in no case）无论如何不；决不
（注意：此短语放句首，句子倒装）
What were the circumstances that led you to telephone the police?
是什么情况使你打电话给警察的？
He lives in poor circumstances. 他境况不好。
Under no circumstances will I believe you. 无论如何，我都不会相信你。
重点短语
make it
【原句回放】If American athlete Marion Jones hadn’t taken drugs, would she have made it to the Olympics at all? 如果美国运动员玛里昂·琼斯没有服用药物的话，她能成功地进军奥运会吗？
【点拨】make it
1. 用于约定时间或日期
Let’s make it at 8:30. Is that all right for you?
我们约定在8点半吧，这对你合适吗?
2. 表示及时抵达某地或赶上车船
The train leaves in five minutes—we’ll never make it.
火车再有五分钟就开了——我们绝对赶不上了。
He says he’ll come on time, but he’ll never make it.
他说他明天准时来，但他绝对做不到。
3. 做到（某事）；成功，达到预期目的
You will make it if you try.
你会成功的，如果你努力的话。
If you want to make it, better get doing.
如果你想把这事干成，就该动手了。
cater to
【原句回放】Your brain will do whatever you want it to do as long as you cater to its need. 只要迎合大脑的需要，它就会做你想要它做的任何事。
【点拨】cater to 投合，迎合
They only publish novels which cater to the mass market.
他们只出版迎合大众市场的小说。
We should cater to popular demand.
我们应满足大众的需要。
【拓展】cater vi. 满足，迎合
vi.& vt. (为社交活动)提供饮食，承办酒席
常用搭配：
cater for 满足需要
Most of our work now involves catering (for) weddings.
我们现在的工作多半是承办婚宴。
Vegetarians are well catered for in this hotel.
素食者的需要在这家饭店得到了很好的满足。
get through
【原句回放】...to get us through our exams? ……通过考试？
【点拨】get through通过，穿过；到达；做完；度过……，熬过(困难时期)；接通（电话）
The man was so fat that he couldn’t get through the doorway.
这个男子太胖,这个门口他过不去。
My friends helped me get through the difficulty.
朋友们帮我度过了难关。
I got through the written test last term.
我通过了上学期的笔试。
【拓展】含get的短语：
get away with 摆脱，避免 get along/ on with 进展，与……相处
get around/ round 走动，（消息）传开 get sb. down 使某人沮丧
get down to (doing) 开始/着手(做)…… get across (to) (使)通过；被理解
wipe out
【原句回放】Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas. 流行病可以消灭居住在城市的多达一半的人口。
【点拨】wipe out彻底毁灭，消除；擦净……的内部；结束
The storm wiped the building out only in two hours.
在两个小时之内，暴风雨把那座建筑物毁坏了。
The entire population was wiped out by the terrible disease.
所有的居民都被可怕的疾病夺去生命。
【拓展】wipe有关的短语
wipe sth. with... 用……擦某物 wipe away擦掉，擦干
wipe...off... 从……擦下去 wipe up用布擦净(液体或污渍)；用布擦干
wipe sth. from one’s mind/memory故意忘记事物
She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face.
她站起来擦擦脸上的汗珠。
He wiped away the grease from the windshield of the car.
他擦去了汽车挡风玻璃上的油渍。
stop sth. in its tracks
【原句回放】...we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks. ……我们必须坚信迟早有消灭禽流感的方法。
【点拨】stop sth. in its tracks 终止，消灭；突然止步，突然停止走（跑）
It had been stopped in its tracks by the Railway Inspectorate and a public outcry.
铁路巡视员和群众的呼喊使火车突然停了下来。
Several times I was stopped in my tracks by the sight of something I could not identify.
有好几次我因无法辨认的景象而止步。
Suddenly, he stopped in his tracks, smiled to himself, and turned around.
突然，他停下来，自己笑笑，转过身去。
【拓展】track v. 跟踪；n. 踪迹，跑道，车辙
常用搭配：
track down追踪到，追查到
on the track of 跟踪
keep/lose track of 与……保持/失去联系；了解/不了解……的动态
The dog tracked the wolf to its lair.
狗追踪那匹狼直到它的巢穴。
at any rate
【原句回放】If trends continue the way they’re going，then in my opinion，yes—in developed countries at any rate. 在我看来，如果照目前的趋势发展下去，会是这样的——至少在发达国家是这样。
【点拨】at any rate无论如何，至少
At any rate, I determined to wait for his definite reply.
无论如何，我得等到他给我一个肯定的答复。
He said he’ll be coming tomorrow. At any rate, I think that’s what he said.
他说他明天要来，至少，我认为他是这么说的。
At any rate, the medical supplies will reach you within a week.
无论如何，医疗物资会在一周内到达。
【拓展】含rate的短语
at this rate 照这样下去 at the rate of 以……速度
重点句型
leave + 宾语+宾语补足语
【原句回放】It struck near the end of the First World War and left families mourning worldwide. 它爆发于第一次世界大战接近尾声时，使全球的家庭陷入了一片哀声之中。
【点拨】leave + 宾语+宾语补足语
1. leave在此句型中表示“听任……处于某种状态”或“剩下，留下，离开”。
2. 用作宾语补足语的可以是形容词、名词、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。
Don’t leave him waiting outside in the rain.（“他”正等，用-ing形式）
别让他在外面的雨里等着。
They left the boy enjoying the book.（“男孩”正开心地读，用-ing形式）
他们走开了，让男孩开心地读那本书。
Did you leave the door firmly fastened? （门被关，用过去分词）
你把门关牢了吗？
He left his lawyer to deal with his will after his death.（律师“要”处理，用to do...）
他让律师在他死后处理他的遗嘱。
Both of his parents died, leaving him an orphan.
他父母双亡，使他成为孤儿。
He left his window open when he went shopping.
他让窗子开着，自己去买东西了。
have faith that...
【原句回放】...we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks. ……我们必须坚信迟早有消灭禽流感的方法。
【点拨】have faith that... 坚信……
1. 此句型中that引导同位语从句，说明faith（信任，相信）的具体内容。
2. that常用来引导同位语从句，与具有概括性的抽象名词连用。注意that只起到引导词的作用，在从句中不作任何成分，但不可省略。
3. 接同位语从句的名词常用的还有：news，fact，idea，suggestion，warning，hope，promise，thought，doubt，belief，truth，request，proposal，demand等。
I have faith that they chose the right guy, though. 不过，我相信他们选对了人。
The fact that he won first prize can’t be denied. 他赢得一等奖的事实不容否认。
I don’t agree on the idea that you will go abroad. 我不同意你要出国的想法。
【拓展1】除that外，表示连接作用的疑问词和whether也可以引导同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他什么时候回来。
The question whether he should give it up has been worrying him for days.
他该不该放弃这个问题几天来一直困扰着他。
【拓展2】faith n. 信心；信仰；信任
常用搭配：have faith in 相信，信任 keep faith with 守信
I have faith in you；I am sure you will do well. 我相信你，我肯定你会做好的。
I kept faith with them. 我对他们守信用。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. Nowadays more and more farmer workers leave their hometown and rush into big cities to make a f________.
2. We have to p________ going to France because the children are ill.
3. The high cost of equipment p________ many people from taking up this sport.
4. He f_______ that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.
5. His parents are very _______ (关心) about his safety.
6. Our laboratory is well _______ (装备) and we are all proud of it.
7. Ellen has got a _______ (临时的) job during their summer holidays.
8. The activities of Welsh mines went into ________(减少) after about 1880.
9. Completed projects must be ________(提交) by 10 March.
10．They have been living in reduced ________ (情形) since John lost his job.
二、选词填空
make it, cater to, get through, wipe out, stop ... in its tracks,
at any rate, rob ... of, prohibit...from
1. They have _________ the enemy’s major military targets.
2. We may miss the next train, but ____________ we’ll be there before noon.
3. It’s the kind of movie that __________ the worst side of human nature.
4. I thought he would be too old to get to the top of the mountain, but he _______ at last.
5. The excavation told a story of ordinary life ___________.
6. I dialed your phone number many times yesterday, but I couldn’t _______.
7. Worry can ______ you _______ happiness, but kind words will cheer you up.
8. He threw himself in front of the door to _______ us _______ leaving, but in vain.
三、单项选择
1. He tries hard to keep ________ the two pandas：Tuan Tuan and Yuan Yuan.
A touch of B．track of C．the track D．the track of
2. Traffic regulations _______ people from riding bicycles on the sidewalk.
A. stop B. prohibit C. prevent D. keep
3. She ______ to have lunch with her friend, saying that she wasn’t feeling very well.
A．declined B．resigned C．tended D．approved
4. Somewhat better ______ academically, he returned home to continue his experiment.
A．furnished B．equipped C．provided D．installed
5. I may be away on business next week but ________ I’ll be back by Friday.
A. at any rate B. at a rate C. at this rate D. at the rate
6. It is very clear that TV programs usually ________ to the tastes of all age groups.
A. cater B. devote C. lead D. appeal
7. Five hundred years ago the plague (黑死病)________almost all the population of the island.
A．wiped down B．wiped off C．wiped out D．wiped up
8. Those who can ________ difficulties on their way ________ success may keep calm when they really appear.
A. forecast; of B. forecast; to C. foresee; to D. foresee; of
9. Thieves ________ the bank ________ thousands of dollars, the course of which was tape-recorded by a video.
A．robbed; from B．robbed; of C．stole; of D．stole; from
10. The millionaire passed away，leaving his children with a large ________.
A．fortune B．luck C．money D．amount
11. Even in Ancient Rome times parents ________ their children not following traditions.
A. were contributed to B. were connected with
C. were concerned about D. were combined with
12. —Why did you sell the house at a very low price?
—I have no other choice. The ________ forced me to do that.
A. state B. condition C. circumstance D. environment
13. After he hung up, he felt more tired and decided to ________ calling the detective agency until the next day.
A. desire B. suggest C. derive D. postpone
14. We advised the hijackers (劫持者) to ________ themselves to the police.
A．submit B．bury C．treat D．help
15. He was so careless that he left, ________the door________.
A．leaving; unlocked B．to leave; locked C．left; unlocked D．leaving; locking
16. Nothing can change his faith _______ he can be a very successful man in the near future.
A．if B．when C．which D．that
17. Nearly a third American consumers remain __________ about becoming better off in a year.
A. sceptical B. conscious C. compulsory D. controversial
18. Read the poem more slowly,with a slight______at the end of each line.
A. pause B. life C. rest D. space
19. All my pockets have been________but I can’t find my keys.
A．got through B．given out C．gone through D．gone down
20. —Math is difficult for me. How I wish to improve it!
—Don’t lose your confidence. I believe you will ______ it if you keep trying.
A. take B. work C. pick D. make
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. fortune 2. postpone 3. prohibits 4. foresaw 5. concerned
6. equipped 7. temporary 8. decline 9. submitted 10. circumstances
疑难解析：
8. 句意：约从 1880 年后,威尔士煤矿的开采活动开始减少。
10. reduced adj. 减少的，简化的
二、选词填空
1. wiped out 2. at any rate 3. caters to 4. made it 5. stopped in its tracks
6. get through 7. rob... of 8. prohibit...from
三、单项选择
1. B。keep track of...“了解……的动态；跟踪……的进展”，所以答案为B。
2. B。句意：交通规则禁止人们在人行道上骑自行车。prohibit sb from doing sth“禁止某人做某事”；stop/ keep/ prevent sb from doing sth“阻止某人做某事”。
3. A。考查 decline to do sth.意为“拒绝做某事”，符合题意。resign 辞职；tend 照顾，倾向；approve 赞成，批准。
4. B。句意：有了更好的学术装备，他回到家乡继续实验。equip“(智力、体力上)使有准备；装备；武装”，符合题意。furnish (用家具)装备(居室)；provide 提供，供应；install 安装(仪器、设备等)。
5. A。at this rate照这样；at any rate意为“不管怎么样”。句意：我可能下周出差，但无论如何我在周五要返回来。故选A项。
6. A。考查易混动词词组的辨析。cater to迎合，满足；devote to把……奉献于；lead to导致，通向；appeal to呼吁，要求，有吸引力。句意：显然，电视节目通常迎合所有年龄组别的品味。
7. C。句意：五百年前，黑死病几乎夺去了那座岛屿上所有的居民的生命。wipe out 毁灭，消灭、消除。wipe...off 从……上擦去；wipe up 用布擦净(液体或污渍)；用布擦干。
8. C。句意：那些能预见他们成功之路上的困难的人当困难出现时会保持镇静。forecast强调“预报”，指通过分析一些相关的信息、数据来预测。foresee强调“预见，预知”，着重宣布未来的事，而不表明所预言的事情是否正确。the way to... 通往……的路。
9. B。句意：小偷们抢了银行数千美元，整个过程都被录像机录了下来。rob sb. of sth.抢了某人某物；steal sth. from sb.偷了某人某物。
10. A。考查名词辨析。“The millionaire”暗示留给他的孩子们的应该是“财产/巨款”。
11. C。be concerned about关心，担心；be contributed to被献给；be connected with与……连接起来；be combined with与……结合起来。由题意知选C项。
12. C。句意：——你为什么把房子低价出售了？——我没有其他选择了。当时的情况迫使我那么做的。circumstance作“情况，环境”讲时，常用复数形式，符合题意。state“状态”；condition“条件，情况”，指一定时间内人的感觉或事情所处的情况；environment“(自然)环境”。
13. D。desire渴望；suggest建议；derive起源。postpone意为“延期，推迟”，符合句意。句意：挂上了电话他感觉更累了，决定延迟到第二天再打电话给侦探事务所。
14. A。句意：我们劝那些劫持者向警察投案。B项表示“专心于……”；C项表示“招待”；D项表示“随便取用”。A项表示“屈服，投降”，符合句意。
15. A。考查非谓语动词。句意：他是如此粗心，竟然没有锁门就走了。这里leave与其逻辑主语he之间为主动关系，故用动词-ing形式作状语，表伴随；the door与lock/ unlock之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。
16. D。考查同位语从句。引导一个同位语从句，解释说明faith的具体内容，用that。
17. A。句意：近三分之一的美国消费者仍然对一年后处境转好持怀疑态度。sceptical与about一起表示“对……怀疑”，符合题意；conscious 自觉的，有意识的；compulsory 义务的；controversial 有争议的。
18. A。句意：读这首诗时再慢点，每行结尾时稍微停顿一下。pause 暂停；rest 其余部分；space 空间，太空。根据句意，选A。
19. C。考查动词短语辨析。句意：我找遍了所有的口袋，但是没有发现钥匙。此处的go through表示“仔细检查，搜查，经历”符合题意；get through表示“通过；到达”；give out表示“分发”；go down表示“下降”，都不符合句意。
20. D。句意：别灰心。我相信，如果你坚持的话你会成功的。make it可以表示“做到（某事），成功，达到预期目的”。