北师大版高中英语模块7 Unit 21 Human Biology 语言点（1）

Unit 21 Human Biology 语言点（1）
学习目标
重点词汇
digest, swap, abuse, tolerate, doubtful, seek, annual, controversial,
oppose, contradict, privileged, ample, treat
重点短语
in vain, at random, at all costs, put off, straight away// get down to, bring up
重点句型
seem及其句型
知识讲解
重点词汇
digest
【原句回放】It digests your food and sends vitamins and minerals into the blood. 它消化你的食物，将维生素和矿物质送入血液中。
【点拨】digest vt. 消化；领会，领悟；n. 文摘
常用搭配：
digest food 消化食物
digest the important points 领会要点
news digest 新闻摘要
You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest.
饭后你应留一些时间让食物来消化。
I have digested most of the important points in the book.
我已经理解了这本书中的最重要的内容。
The digest of the novel included the most exciting scenes.
这部小说的摘要包含了最激动人心的场面。
【拓展】digestion n. 消化；领悟
digestive adj. 消化的；助消化的
have a good /poor digestion 消化能力强/弱
the digestive system 消化系统
swap
【原句回放】Write down five telephone numbers and swap with your partner. 写下五个电话号码，并与你的同桌交换。
【点拨】swap vt. 用……替换，把……换成，掉换（过来）
vi. 交换（工作）
n. 交换；交换物，被掉换者
常用搭配：swap sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
swap sth. for sth. 用……交换……
I liked her cell phone and she liked mine, so we swapped.
我喜欢她的手机，她喜欢我的，所以我们交换了。
I usually swap views with my friends online.
我通常和我的朋友在网上交流意见。
People can swap their rice for wheat in the South.
在南方，人们可以拿大米换小麦。
abuse
【原句回放】Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance, they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them. 服用这些药物被公认为“使用兴奋剂”，虽然能提高成绩，但对于那些滥用这些药物的人而言，也会导致他们今后的生活有严重的健康问题。
【点拨】abuse vt. & n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂
常用搭配：
abuse one’s authority/position/power 滥用职权/权力
abuse a child 虐待小孩
an abuse of drugs 药物的滥用
alcohol abuse 酗酒
Don’t abuse your privilege. 不要滥用你的特权。
The farmer often abused his wife. 这位农夫经常虐待他的妻子。
You shouldn’t abuse your eyes. 你不应该过度使用你的眼睛。
I don’t understand why I should put up with this kind of abuse from her.
我不明白我为什么要忍受她这样辱骂我。
tolerate
【原句回放】The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating. 由于它是欺骗的基本形式，体育界是不会容忍运动员服用兴奋剂的。
【点拨】tolerate vt. 容忍；忍受；容许
常用搭配：tolerate (sb./one’s) doing sth. 容忍(某人)做某事
I won’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.
我再也不能忍受你那种恶劣的态度了。
The school cannot tolerate cheating in exams; you must be severely punished.
该学校不容许考试作弊，你肯定会受到严厉惩罚的。
【拓展1】tolerant adj. 容忍的，宽容的
常用搭配：be tolerant of/towards sb./sth. 容忍某人/某事
tolerance n. 宽容，忍受
tolerable adj. 可以忍受的，过得去的
【拓展2】tolerate, stand与bear
1）tolerate可与stand换用，但tolerate更正式，可指容忍不同观点。
2）stand后除可以接“不可忍受的事物”外，更多接人。
3）bear则指承受重负、重量、痛苦、烦恼等。
She is funny, but I can’t stand her.
她滑稽,但我无法忍受她。
The sorrow was almost more than she could bear.
她几乎承受不了痛苦了。
doubtful
【原句回放】Other records remain doubtful, like Florence Griffith’s 100 metres record back in 1988. 其它记录仍值得怀疑，像1988年弗洛伦斯·格里菲斯的100米记录。
【点拨】doubtful adj. 怀疑的，不肯定的
常用搭配：
be doubtful about 对……怀疑的
be doubtful whether/if... 怀疑是否……
He says he can do it，but I’m rather doubtful (about it)．
他说他能干这事，但我(对此)颇为怀疑。
I’m doubtful whether she will agree to this.
我不能肯定她是否会同意这点。
【拓展】doubt vt. & n. 怀疑，疑虑；未确定
in doubt 不肯定，不确定
without doubt 无疑，确定
I don’t doubt that... 我确信……
I doubt whether/if... 我怀疑……
There’s no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
I doubt if /whether we will make a profit out of it.
我认为我们不大可能从此事中获利。
Do you doubt that he will come?
你怀疑他会来吗？
I don’t doubt that it will rain today.
我相信今天会下雨。
seek
【原句回放】Doping is not only a problem in athletics, it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so. 服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径比赛中的一个问题，它同时也是其他比赛项目的一些运动员准备作弊，企图获取超出自身身体极限的运动成绩的一种手段。
【点拨】seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 寻找；寻求；试图，设法
常用搭配：
seek to do sth. 企图做某事
seek (for / after) sth. 寻找某物
seek out 找出；找到
seek one’s fortune 寻找成功/致富之路；闯世界
seek (sb.’s) advice / help 征求意见；请求帮助
If you want to seek for / after success, you must work hard.
如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。
Billions of farmers pour into big cities to seek their fortune in China.
在中国数以亿计的农民工涌入大城市去淘金。
Our mission is to seek out the enemy and destroy them.
我们的任务就是要找到敌军并把他们消灭。
They are seeking the most reasonable diet that will do good to their health.
他们在寻找有益于他们健康的最合理的饮食。
annual
【原句回放】In 2006 cycling fans worldwide were shocked when the winner of the annual cycling race, the Tour de France, was caught doping. 在2006年，当环法年度自行车赛的获胜者被查出服用了药物后，全球自行车赛迷们感到震惊。
【点拨】annual adj. 每年的，一年一次的；按年度计算的
the annual output 年产量 an annual report 年度报告
the annual income 年收入 the annual rainfall 年降雨（量）
Steel output reached an annual figure of one million tons.
钢的年产量达到100万吨。
【拓展】annually adv. 每年地，年度地
controversial
【原句回放】Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it. 基因疗法颇有争议，许多人反对对此做进一步的研究。
【点拨】controversial adj. 引起争论的，有争议的
The border between the two countries is a highly controversial issue.
这两国之间的边界是颇有争议的问题。
Michael Jackson was a controversial figure.
迈克尔·杰克逊是个有争议的人物。
oppose
【原句回放】Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it. 基因疗法颇有争议，许多人反对对此作进一步的研究。
【点拨】oppose vt. 反对，反抗，抵制，阻挠
常用搭配：
oppose doing sth. 反对做某事
be opposed to sth. 反对某事物
as opposed to 与……对照
He strongly opposed the idea of building a new bridge over the river.
他强烈反对在河上建一座新桥的想法。
We oppose using this unusual technique to clone humans.
我们反对使用这种不寻常的技术来克隆人类。
To my surprise, he is strongly opposed to the plan.
令我吃惊的是，他强烈反对这项计划。
I am opposed to going shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.
我反对星期天购物，因为太拥挤了。
【拓展】opposed adj. 反对的
opposite n. 对立面；对立物
adj. 对立的，对面的
adv. 在对面
prep. 与……相对，在……对面
contradict
【原句回放】However, if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created, it would contradict the whole spirit of sport. 然而，如果一代有加强基因的运动员明星被创造出来，这将有悖于整个运动精神。
【点拨】contradict vt. 与(其他事物)相矛盾；反驳，否认，顶嘴
常用搭配：
contradict sth... 同……矛盾/抵触
contradict sb. 反驳某人
If you contradict me once more, you’re fired.
你再顶撞我一次，我就解雇你。
Your actions contradict your declared moral principles.
你的行为违背了你宣称的道德准则。
【拓展】contradiction n. 矛盾，否认，反驳
contradictory adj. 矛盾的，抵触的
in contradiction to 与……互相矛盾
contradictory statements 矛盾说法
privileged
【原句回放】We are privileged to have biology expert, Prof. Keane, with us to tell us a bit about our brains. 我们有幸请到了生物学家基恩教授来给我们讲讲我们的大脑。
【点拨】privileged adj. 荣幸的
I feel privileged to serve on the committee.
我很荣幸成为委员会的一员。
We are privileged to witness his growth, development and evolution.
我们有幸目睹了他的成长、发展和演变。
【拓展】privilege vt. 给予……特权 n. 特权；特别待遇
privilege sb. from a tax 免某人的税
enjoy privileges 享受特权
grant sb. the privilege of doing sth. 给予某人做某事的特权
He enjoys diplomatic privileges. 他享有外交特权。
It is a great privilege to know you. 认识你真是莫大的荣幸。
In some countries, the president can privilege somebody from capital punishment.
在有些国家里，总统可以特赦一些人免于死刑。
ample
【原句回放】...so I think it’s important to plan your revision leaving ample time to cover everything. 所以我认为计划好你的复习很重要，留出足够的时间来复习到所有的东西。
【点拨】ample adj. 充足的，足够的，富裕的；宽敞的
We have ample money for the journey.
我们有足够的钱去旅游。
There’s ample room for the children on the back seat.
后座很宽敞足容得下孩子们。
He was reluctant to admit any of the ample evidence.
他对这些充分证据的任何部分都不愿承认其有效。
【拓展】amply adv. 足够地；详细地；充分地
ampleness n. 广大；富裕
amplify v. 放大，增强
treat
【原句回放】I’d advise you to treat yourself by going to the cinema. 我想劝你去看场电影款待一些自己。
【点拨】treat vt. & n. 招待，款待；乐事（常用单数，与a连用）
常用搭配：
treat sb./ oneself to sth. 用某物招待某人/自己
my treat 我请客，我付钱
I’ll treat you to an ice-cream in return for your help.
作为对你帮助的回报，我要请你吃冰淇淋。
This is my treat today, so I’ll pay for everything.
今天我请客，一切账由我来付。
What a treat it is to get up early!
早起真是乐趣无穷啊！
【拓展】treat vt. 对待，看待；治疗，医治
常用搭配：
treat sb. well / badly 待某人好/不好
treat ... as / like 把……当作……一样对待
be treated for ... 因……而接受治疗
treat sb. (for sth.) (with sth.) (用……)医治某人 (的……病)
They treated the orphan as one of the family.
他们把那个孤儿当作家里的一员看待。
I got the news that she was treated for sunstroke.
我听说一个消息，她因中暑而接受治疗了。
重点短语
in vain
【原句回放】Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain. 弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯作了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。
【点拨】in vain 徒劳，白费力气
I tried to persuade him to stop smoking but my efforts were in vain.
我曾试图说服他戒烟，但是我的努力是徒劳的。
We tried in vain to make him change his mind.
我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。
【拓展1】vain adj. 自负的，徒劳的，无用的
a vain attempt 无用的尝试 vain promises 空头许诺
He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.
他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是几个小时。
【拓展2】“in + 名词”短语
in general 大体上 in secret 秘密地
in surprise 惊奇地 in particular 特别地
in return 作为报答；作为回应 in turn 反过来
in effect 实际上 in silence 沉默地
at random
【原句回放】It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random. 获胜者被强制性地进行检查，而其他参赛选手则只是随意地检查。
【点拨】at random 随便地，随意地
She wrote several winning numbers at random.
她随便写了几个中奖号码。
Feeling bored, we wandered through the streets in the city at random.
因为感到无聊，我们随意在城里的街道上游荡。
【拓展】random adj. 随机的，随意的；n. 随机，随意，胡乱
He was not listening and made a random answer to the teacher’s question.
他没有在听讲，对教师的问题瞎答一通。
at all costs
【原句回放】The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
【点拨】at all costs 不管多大代价，无论如何
You are not to allow anyone to leave the house at all costs.
无论如何你一定不要让任何人离开这个房子。
You must stop the press from finding out at all cost(s)．
你必须禁止媒体查明真相。
【拓展1】含cost的短语
at the cost of 以……为代价 at a cost of以……的价格
at any cost 在任何情况下，无论如何 at cost 按成本价
She saved him from the fire, but at the cost of her own life.
她为了从大火中救他而付出了生命。
This is the lowest price. We are selling at cost already.
这是最低价了，我们已经是按成本销售了。
【拓展2】cost vt. & vi. 价值为, (使)花费(金钱,时间,劳力等), 使失去(生命,健康等)
Careless driving cost him his life.
漫不经心的开车使他丧失了生命。
put off
【原句回放】I decided not to put off studying (as I normally do!) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away. 我决定不推迟学习（就像我平常那样！），而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。
【点拨】put off 推迟，使延期（做某事）
Let’s put this off till some other time.
我们还是把这搁一搁，以后再说吧。
Should it rain tomorrow，we should have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
如果明天下雨，我们就推迟去扬浦大桥的参观活动。
【拓展】put sb. off 使（某人）在（某事）上失去兴趣；搪塞某人
His bad manners put me off him.
他粗鲁的言行使我很不喜欢他。
I put him off with a promise to pay him next week.
我搪塞说下个星期付给他钱。
straight away // get down to
【原句回放】I decided not to put off studying (as I normally do!) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away. 我决定不推迟学习（就像我平常那样！），而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。
【点拨1】straight away 立刻，马上，毫不犹豫（也作straight off）
When they heard a cry for help, they rushed out of the room straight away.
他们听到呼救声后立刻冲出门外。
My teacher asked me to go to his office after class straight away/off.
老师让我下课后立刻去他办公室。
【拓展】表示“立刻，马上”的词语
at once，immediately，directly，right now，right away，in no time
【点拨2】get down to 开始认真对待（to为介词，接动词时用-ing形式）
It’s hard to get down to work after a nice holiday.
度过了一个愉快的假日后，很难一下子认真投入到工作中。
I really must get down to filling in my tax form.
我确实该认真填写我的报税表了。
bring up
【原句回放】If I didn’t understand something, I’d write it down and then bring it up in class with my teacher. 如果我有不懂的地方，我就写下来，然后在课堂上向老师提出来。
【点拨】bring up 抚养；提出；呕吐
Jackie was brought up by his beloved uncle.
杰克是由他那敬爱的叔叔抚养成人的。
This is the place where I was born and brought up.
这就是生我养我的地方。
The chairman brought up a problem for discussion.
主席提出一个问题供大家讨论。
The woman suddenly fell ill and brought up what she ate.
那位妇女突然病倒并呕吐不止。
【拓展】含bring的短语
bring along 把……一起带来 bring back 归还
bring out 发表，拿出 bring on 引起
bring in 引来，引进，介绍，收入 bring forward 提出;提前
bring about 带来，造成 bring down 使……下降，倒下；击落
重点句型
seem及其句型
【原句回放】It seems a real pity that thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance. 很遗憾，由于无知，成千上万的人们错过了用传统中医治疗的机会。
【点拨】seem link. v. 好像，仿佛
常用搭配：
It seems＋形容词/名词＋that... 似乎……（it是形式主语，代替后面的that从句）
It seems that... 似乎(用陈述语气)
It seems as if/as though... 似乎好像…… (从句可用虚拟语气)
There seems to be... 似乎有……
seem＋(to be)＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词 似乎是/在……
seem＋to do/to have done/to be doing 似乎做/已经做了/正在做……
seem like＋名词 好像……
There seems to be every reason to believe that business will get better.
看来，完全有理由相信生意会转好。
My phone seems to switch itself off randomly.
我的手机好像随时自动关机。
It seemed that he had known the truth.
＝He seemed to have known the truth.
他好像知道了真相。
His father seems (to be) strict.
他父亲似乎很严厉。
It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.
我童年的一切仿佛刚刚发生一样。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1．It is d_______ whether the old man will recover from the operation. He has been in a coma for a week.
2．He went from city to city, s________ for work.
3. Some old people don’t like pop songs because they can’t t________ so much noise.
4. I’d like to s______ my apple with you for your chocolate.
5. The boy is old enough to go to school and he can d_______ what the teacher says.
6. He a_____ his power while in office.
7. The idea will be strongly o______ by the local residents.
8. We tried to stay away from _________ (有争议的) topics at the dinner party.
9. There is _______ (足够的) reason to believe that the man is innocent.
10. I am _______ (荣幸的) to welcome you as our speaker this evening.
二、选择填空
in vain, at random, at all costs, straight away, put off
get down to, bring up, treat...to
1．The stamp collector decided to get that rare stamp __________.
2．Don’t _______ what can be done today till tomorrow.
3．The thief tried to open the locked door but ____________.
4．Her parents died when she was a baby and she ______ by her grandmother.
5．When the teacher came in, she opened her book __________ and started reading.
6．After a week’s hard work, tomorrow I’ll _____ myself _____ a day’s gardening.
7．Let’s stop chatting and _______ work now. There is only half an hour left.
8．I think it would be better to tell him the bad news _________.
三、单项选择
1. Various experiments have been carried out to ________ the proper way to raise children.
A．make B．fight C．work D．seek
2. His efforts to raise money for his program were ________ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A. in place B. in sight C. in effect D. in vain
3. I am a ________ man, but your behavior is more than I can bear.
A．tolerant B．responsible C．generous D．enthusiastic
4. Does the common man ______ the ideas of political union between European countries? A．object B．oppose C．be for D．be against
5. We would maintain the world balance of power ________.
A．at all costs B．at cost C．at our best D．at best
6. The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed ________ it pretty well.
A. to prepare B. preparing C. having prepared D. to have prepared
7. She ________ her power as an accountant by lending the company’s money to her friends.
A. insulted B. criticized C. scolded D. abused
8. We did a survey on mooncakes by selecting samples______.
A．at random B．at any rate C．on purpose D．by chance
9. —I’m sorry. I’ve left my credit card home. And I don’t have enough cash for the meal.
—Don’t worry. ______.
A．I’ll invite you B．It’s my pleasure to pay you
C．It’s my treat D．It’s at your expense
10. Ladies and gentlemen, I have the great privilege ______ introducing our speaker for tonight. A．in B．of C．about D．on
11. —Your book looks more interesting than mine. Would you like to ______ it ______ mine?
—Certainly.
A．swap; for B．swap; with C．change; to D．exchange; in
12. Athletes such as Boris Becker are fond of fruit because it is easily ________.
A．realized B．achieved C．digested D．sucked
13. —It is about to rain. You’d better go home ________.
—Oh, yes. Thank you.
A．straight away B．at all costs C．in vain D．at random
14. See you. I have to ______ my report which must be handed in tomorrow.
A. start up to finish B. start up to finishing
C. get down to finish D. get down to finishing
15. His parents died in an earthquake when he was young, so he was ______ by his grandmother.
A. brought up B. grown up C. taken up D. picked up
16. As most of their houses were badly damaged after the earthquake，many people had to be ________ in a stadium.
A．put away B．put out C．put up D．put off
17. ________ sunshine and rainfall are bringing the crops on nicely.
A. Dizzy B. Ample C. Enough D. Precious
18. The steel output in the company has reached a(n) ________ figure of one million tons, that is to say, the company has been able to produce one million tons of steel per year.
A．daily B．monthly C．annually D．annual
19. —Lily is sure to win the oral English contest.
—I doubt ______ she will make it.
A. that B. whether C. how D. why
20. After hearing that she just smiled to us. She doesn’t like to _______ her husband in public.
A. contradict B. contribute C. contain D. correspond
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. doubtful 2. seeking 3. tolerate 4. swap 5. digest
6. abused 7. opposed 8. controversial 9. ample 10. privileged
二、选择填空
1. at all costs 2. put off 3. in vain 4. was brought up 5. at random
6. treat; to 7. get down to 8. straight away
三、单项选择
1. D。句意：为了寻找抚养孩子的合适方法，已经做了各种试验。seek寻找，seek the proper way寻找合适的方法。
2. D。句意：他为他的项目筹集资金的努力付诸东流了，因为没有一个人愿意从腰包里掏出一分钱。in place在适当的位置，准备就绪；in sight在视线内，可以看见；in effect生效，起作用；in vain徒劳。
3. A。考查形容词辨析。tolerant宽容的；responsible负责的；generous慷慨的；enthusiastic热情的。根据句意，应选A项。
4. B。句意：一般人是不是反对欧洲国家之间的政治联盟的想法呢？be for“支持”；be against“反对”，句中由助动词does提问故不能选。object to“反对”；oppose “反对”。
5. A。句意：我们将不惜一切代价维持世界力量的均衡。at cost“按成本”；at best“至多”；at one’s best “在……的最佳状态”；at all costs“不管多大代价；无论如何”，符合句意。
6. D。prepare动作发生在seemed之前，故用不定式的完成时。而seem后接动词不定式，seem to do sth.“似乎干……”，故选D项。
7. D。本题考查易混动词辨析。insult 侮辱；criticize 批评；scold 责备；abuse 滥用。句意：作为会计，她“滥用”权力把公司的钱借给朋友。
8. A。考查介词短语辨析。at random“随便地，随意地”；at any rate“无论如何”；on purpose “故意地”；by chance“碰巧”。句意：我们通过随意抽取样品的方式对月饼做了一个调查。
9. C。考查情景对话。treat sb. 请某人吃饭，It’s my treat. 算我请客了。
10. B。have the privilege of doing 很荣幸地做某事。句意为：女士们、先生们，我很荣幸向大家介绍今晚的发言人。
11. A。考查动词的搭配。句意：你的书看起来比我的有趣，你愿意用它换我的吗？change / swap / exchange sth. for sth.“用某物换某物”；change / swap / exchange sth. with sb.“与某人交换某物”。故选A。
12. C。句意：运动员们，如Boris Becker喜欢吃水果，因为水果容易消化。digest“消化”，符合句意。realize“意识到”；achieve“完成”；suck“吸，吮吸”。
13. A。句意：天马上要下雨了，你最好马上回家。straight away “立刻，马上”。
14. D。句意：再见，我得认真完成明天必须上交的报告了。get down to意为“开始认真对待”，其中to为介词，后面应跟名词或动名词；若A、B两项改为start to finish或start finishing，也可选。
15. A。句意：他的父母在他小的时候死于地震，因此他是由他的奶奶抚养长大的。bring up 养育；grow up 成长（无被动语态）；take up 开始从事；pick up 拾到，学到，获得。
16. C。句意：由于地震后大部分房屋被毁，许多人不得不住在体育馆。put up 供给……住宿，举起，推举，提供，建造；put away 把……收好；put out 扑灭，put off 拖延，推迟。
17. B。句意：充足的阳光和雨水正使庄稼茁壮地生长。ample 表示“足够的，丰富的，大量的”，强调“充裕”；enough 也表示“足够的”，强调“够量”，不合题意；dizzy 晕眩的；precious 珍贵的。
18. D。考查表示时间的形容词。annual意为“每年的”；与后文per year照应。annually是副词，不可作定语。
19. B。句意：——Lily确信能赢得这次的英语口语竞赛吗？——我怀疑她是否能成功。doubt作“怀疑”讲，用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句常用whether或if引导。
20. A。句意：她不喜欢在公共场合反驳她丈夫，所以只是对我们笑笑。contradict 反驳，与……矛盾； contribute 捐献，撰稿；contain 容纳，控制；correspond 相符合，通信。