北师大版高中英语模块7 Unit 19 Language 话题语言应用---语言
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语模块7 Unit 19 Language 话题语言应用---语言 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-11-17 15:13:55 | ||
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文档简介
话题语言应用——语言
语言积累
交际用语
礼貌的请求（Polite requests）
Is it all right...? ……可以吗？
I’m afraid... 恐怕……
Could you...? 你能……吗？
Do you think I could...? 你认为我能……？
I wonder if... 我想知道是否……
Examples
1. Is it all right if I pay by credit card? 我可以用信用卡付账吗？
2. I’m afraid she won’t be here till about ten o’clock. 恐怕她约十点钟才能到这里。
3. Could you just wait a moment, please? 你能等一下吗？
4. Could you possibly give me a seat by the window? 你能给我一个窗户旁边的座位吗？
5. Do you think I could have something about the modern buildings, please?
你能告诉我点有关现代建筑的信息吗？
6. I was wondering if you could help me with my bags. 我想知道你是不是能帮我拿包。
表示同情（Showing sympathy）
1. What a shame! 多遗憾呀！真可惜！
2. That’s terrible! 太糟糕了！
3. Oh, no! 哦，不！
4. Me, too. 我也是。
5. I bet you were. 我打赌你是（那样的）。
话题语句（1）
Methods for learning a foreign language:
Learning the words in a dictionary
Watching TV in the language
Listening to the music in the language
Learning from the foreign teachers
Helpful tips for learning English well
1. Setting achievable targets. For example, enlarge your vocabulary by 10 new words every day—five times a week -- then revise the words on the weekend. 50 new words a week means 200 new words a month.
2. Listening to an English song several times in one week after reading the words.
3. Watching the news in your own language and then reading an English newspaper or news website. Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension (理解) when reading in English.
4. Watching a favourite DVD, but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.
5. Studying with friends. Test each other and share learning strategies (策略) – this makes learning more enjoyable.
6. Rewarding yourself. If you reach a target, treat yourself. Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate (激发) you as well.
话题语句（2）
Varieties of English
Which families do English and Chinese belong to?
English — Indo- European language family (印欧语系)
Chinese — Sino-Tibetan language family (汉藏语系)
In the world, people use different kinds of language to communicate. Among them, English is the most popular international language. Some people speak English as a first language, but some people use it as a second or only as a foreign language.
English spoken as a second language — it is used in schools, offices and universities and between people whose main languages are different.
English is spoken as a first language (native language 母语): e.g. America, Britain, Australia
English is spoken as a second language: e.g. India, Kenya, Malaysia
English is only used as a foreign language: e.g. China, Japan, Russia
Some words in American English and British English:
American English British English Chinese
mail post 邮寄
movie film 电影
subway underground 地铁
garbage rubbish 垃圾
vacation holiday 假期
apartment flat 公寓
British English and American English
As we know, English is one of the most widely-used languages in the world and it’s spoken in many different countries. The English spoken in one country is slightly different from that in another one. There are two major types of English—British English and American English in the world.
British English and American English are almost the same. But there are minor (较小的) differences between them in the following.
The first difference is the vocabulary. A small number of words are used differently.
The second difference is pronunciation. Sometimes the Americans and Britishers don’t understand each other’s pronunciation because there are different dialects (方言) between them.
The third difference is spelling. A few kinds of words are spelled differently in British and American English.
话题语句（3）
身体语言（Body language）
Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements.
People often use body language on purpose. However, body language can be unconscious as well.
Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool.
Body language can be very useful when people do not share a common spoken language. For example, in foreign countries it’s an aid to travelers.
However, body language can sometimes be ambiguous.
Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval — the smile.
Body language for greeting 表示问候的身体语言
When people meet:
In china, people shake hands.
In Japan, women bow.
In Russia, France and Arab countries men kiss each other.
In France, it is the custom to shake hands with each other in the office every morning.
In Arab countries, people eat using the fingers of the right hands; the left hands are not used at all.
When people touch:
People from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much. If you touch an English person, you should say “sorry”.
What do the gestures mean? 这些手势是什么意思？
The OK Sign
Everything is great. —The United States, Germany
Things are good, not excellent. —Mexico
Worthless, zero —France, most of the European countries
Symbols for money, especially for coins —Japan
Vulgar (粗俗的) gesture —Spain, Russia, Brazil
Threat of bodily harm —Tunisia (突尼斯)
The V Sign
Victory —Great Britain, the United States, most of the world
Peace —The United States (since the 1960s)
Thumbs Up 拇指向上
Approval —Great Britain, The United States, Russia, China
Highly offensive —Iran (伊朗)
Rude —Australia
Thumbs Down拇指向下
Disapproval —The United States
Rude —Greece.
话题语句（4）
有用的句子-----试试你会了吗？
1. 但遗憾的是，我们很少有机会生活在讲英语的国家。
But sadly, the _______ that we all have the _______ _______ live in an ________ country are small.
2. 然而，真正要取得成功意味着课后仍需要额外付出。
To really get _______, however, means _______ in extra work _______ of the classroom.
3. 你听的口音越多，你就越困惑。
______________ you hear, ___________ you get.
4. 某人高兴地跳起来很容易见到，然后挑起眉毛表示怀疑却容易被人忽视。
Somebody _______ for joy is easy to see while a _______ eyebrow _______ doubt is easier to miss.
5. 感到不舒服或紧张的人经常使身体处于僵硬的状态。
A person who is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold their body ____________.
6. 例如，在国外，你只要微笑并用手指着你想要的东西就可以轻松购物。
For example, in foreign countries, it is very easy _______ something simply by ______ and ______ ______ what you want.
7. 其次，我不知道为什么各类英语在这个课程中都有涉及。
________, I don’t see why ______ ______ English are ______ in the course.
8. 这是由于国际交流增加的缘故吗？
Is it ______ increased international communication?
9. 我晚一点独自走可以吗？
Is it all right if I go off _______________ later?
10. 先生，对不起，我们得遵守时刻表。
I’m sorry but we have to ___________, sir.
参考答案：
1. chances (可能性，几率)；opportunity (机会) to；English-speaking
2. ahead (get ahead 获得成功，进步)；putting (mean doing 意味着做)；outside
3. The more different accents; the more confused (感到困惑)
4. jumping; raised; conveying (动词-ing作定语表示正在进行，且动词与被修饰词是主动关系； 过去分词作定语表示完成，且动词与被修饰词多是被动关系)
5. in a very rigid (僵硬的) manner (in a ... manner 以……方式/态度)
6. to purchase; smiling and pointing at
7. Secondly; varieties of; covered
8. due to
9. on my own (独自) a bit (一点)
10. keep to (遵循) the timetable
写作运用
正式书信
英文书信大致分为商务信件（Business letter ) 和私人信件( Private letter )两大类。前者指单位与单位之间，或单位与个人之间公务往来的信件；后者指亲属朋友之间信件。
英文信的组成部分：
一封英文书信主要由信头、信内地址、称呼、信的正文、结尾、签名等六个部分组成。正式信件，这六个部分都不可缺少，但私人信件和非正式的社交信件，则“信内地址”可省略。
1. 信头
指发信人的地址和发信日期。目的是使收信人知道回信地址，但发信人名字不需写在地址上面，因为发信人姓名在信末签名部分出现。日期要写在地址下面，即信头的最后一行。信头一般写在信纸的右上角。如：
Room 1402, Macy House
616 Grand Street
London, U.K.
May 15, 2014
2. 信内地址
指收信人姓名，职位及地址等。按照英美习惯，凡属公务往来的正式函件都必须把姓名和地址重新引用一次，私人信件则不需要。信内地址写在信头下面一两行处的信纸的左下方，但也有放在信纸的左下方的。
3. 称呼
是对收信人的尊称语。在信内地址下面两行，从左边顶格写起，占一行。如果不写信内地址，则在信头下两行开始。通常在收信人的名字和尊称语前面加“Dear”一词。
4. 正文：即信件内的主要内容。
5. 信尾客套语
即写信人在信的右（或左）下角，写上表示自己对收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely, Friendly yours, Truly yours, Yours truly, Cordially yours, Yours cordially等，这些词或短语后可加逗号。
6. 签名
即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。如果是用打字机或电脑写的信，在写信人签名的上方，同样应该打上写信人的姓名。
齐头式信件格式
用齐头式信件写信，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。每段的第一句不需要空格，但段与段之间需要空一至二行。齐头式信件的信尾客套话和签名可以有两种款式。第一种写在左下方，这是最常用也是最正式的。另外也可以写在右下方，这种形式则表示写信人与收信人之间的关系比较熟悉。
折衷式信件格式
用折衷式书写信件，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。第一段第一句的第一个单词必须在Dear称呼的直接下面，即每段开头空格4个字母。信尾的客套话和签名都写在右下方。朋友之间写信一般都使用折衷式，而且称呼与正文之间一般不空行。
温馨提示：信件举例看“写作范文Example 1”
如何在信中表现正式
1. Formal greeting and closing. 正式的开头和结尾。
2. No abbreviations. 不用缩略语。
3. Polite written requests. 礼貌的书面语。如：
Could you please…
I would be grateful if you could…
I would like to …
4. Formal conjunctions. 正式的连接词，如
as long as 只要 unless 除非 whether 是否 provided that 假如
正式语言和非正式语言对比：
formal informal
Dear Sir/ Madam Hi, there
I am writing I’m writing
I would like I want
I would be grateful if you could explain why I don’t see why
I read that you say that
In addition By the way
I would like to know I want to know
Could you please tell me Just tell me
Could you please send me Send me
as soon as possible ASAP
I look forward to hearing from you Write soon
Yours faithfully Cheers
常用句型
1. 开头
◆ I’m writing this letter to share with you what I think about the matter.
我写信来说说我对此事的看法。
◆ I am writing to express my idea concerning/ for the purpose of...
我写信想表达我对……的想法/为了……
◆ I know you have trouble in ... after reading your letter.
读了你的信，我知道你在……方面有了麻烦。
◆ I am very pleased to write this letter of recommendation to support his application.
我很高兴写这封推荐信，为他的申请助一臂之力。
◆ I am very delighted to have been asked to write this letter of recommendation for ...
我非常高兴应……之邀写这封推荐信。
◆ I am writing to complain about... 我写此信投诉有关……
2. 信中
◆ I feel something should be done about... 我觉得应该对……采取措施。
◆ I had enough opportunities to observe him in many ways.
我有很多机会在各方面观察他。
3. 信尾
◆ I feel that it would be beneficial if... 我感觉如果……会是有利的。
◆ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details. 我会很愿意进一步讨论此事。
◆ I would appreciate it greatly if you kindly take him into consideration for admission.
如果你考虑他的入学申请，我将不胜感激。
◆ I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
如果看到这一点有所改进，我会很高兴的。
◆ Please give this matter your immediate attention. 亟待您的关注。
◆ Thank you for your time and kind consideration.
谢谢您在百忙之中抽时间考虑我的申请/要求。
写作范文
Example 1
Example 2
假如你是郑明，听说当地超市有卖克隆动物制成的食品的计划，用英语给超市写一封信，表示你对此事的关注，并表达自己对于克隆动物产品的想法。
参考范文：
1001 High Street
Charlottesville
10 June, 2014
Manager
Best Food Supermarket
500 High Street
Charlottesville
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing about your plan to sell food from cloned animals in your supermarket.
My classmates and I have done some research. We went online and to the library to find as much information as possible about food from cloned animals. From the information we have collected, we have learnt that some people think food from cloned animals tastes better and offers better nutrition. Other people doubt whether food from cloned animals is really safe for us to eat. After discussing this, we agree that the most important thing is that, since cloning is quite a new scientific technology, no one knows whether food cloned from animals is safe for people to eat, especially in the long term.
Cloning is not very cheap at present, so most people will not be able to afford to buy food from cloned animals in supermarkets. At the same time, we think such food will not taste as delicious as normal food.
In summary, we insist that you not sell food from cloned animals in your supermarket. Or, at least, you should sell both normal food and food from cloned animals, so customers can choose as they want.
Yours sincerely
Zheng Ming
Zheng Ming
话题拓展作文
（A）
假如你是李华，你的一位名叫Mike的美国笔友给你写了一封信，询问怎样学好汉语。请你给他写一封回信，给出你的建议。
写作内容：
1. 经常去唐人街，那里有许多中国人，有良好的语言环境；
2. 多交中国朋友，尤其是来自北京的，这样可以学到标准的汉语；
3. 收听中文广播、看中文电影，这样可以在学习汉语的同时了解中国文化。
词数：120左右
参考范文：
Dear Mike,
I am glad to know that you are interested in learning Chinese. I am writing to give you some suggestions on how to learn it well.
First, you can go to Chinatown because a lot of Chinese people live and work there. Talking with the Chinese shopkeepers provides you with good opportunities to practice your oral Chinese. Second, you can make friends with Chinese people, especially those from Beijing who can speak standard Chinese. Your Chinese will be greatly improved if you keep communicating with them, such as having parties and going camping with them. Finally, you can also learn Chinese by listening to Chinese radio programs and watching Chinese movies, which can help you learn about Chinese culture as well as improve your Chinese.
I hope you can make great progress in Chinese.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
（B）
某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文。谈谈自己的一些做法。词数100 左右。
参考范文：
My Approach to Difficulties in Learning
As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning. Everyone has their own way to deal with them. Here I would like to share mine. When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages. In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself. However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. Sometimes I also ask my parents for advice. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. He soon _______ himself to the way of life and has lived happily ever since.
A. arranged B. adjusted C. admitted D. avoided
2. —Why so angry? Didn’t he break the window by chance?
—No. He did it ______.
A．by accident B．with purpose C．for purpose D．on purpose
3. The little boy was allowed to go swimming ______ he kept near the other boys.
A. provided that B. in case C. now that D. by the time
4. After she hit her head she was ______ for several minutes.
A. absent-minded B. unconscious C. unaware D. nonsense
5. The advice my father gave me is “Work hard and you’ll ______”.
A. get across B. get ahead C. get away D. get about
6. ________ English, I have to study a second foreign language.
A．In addition that B．In addition C．In addition to D．Beside
7. ________ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where
8．—Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it？Well, that doesn’t matter ________ you enjoyed yourselves.
A．as long as B．unless C．as soon as D．though
9. ______ you ask and speak, ______ you will know, especially in learning a foreign language.
A. The more; the more B. The better; the better
C. The most; the most D. The best; the best
10. Though pandas’ diets usually ________ bamboo, they can also eat meat and they sometimes catch insects and small birds.
A．consist of B．consist in C．consist with D．consist
11. There is much chance ________ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A．that B．which C．until D．if
12. He has just bought quite a few good books, ________The Scarlet Letter, Wuthering Heights.
A．such as B．for example C．that is D．which are
13. The failure of this programme has been largely ______ the lack of funds.
A. as a result B. owing in C. because to D. due to
14. It’s quite ______ for beginners to forget to use an article before a noun.
A. ordinary B. usual C. common D. general
15. In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don’t _______ your point of view.
A. permit B. share C. agree D. recognize
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Coming home from school that dark winter day so long ago, I was filled with excitement of having the weekend off. But I was __1__ into stillness by what I saw. Mother, seated at the far end of the sofa, was __2__ , with the second-hand green typewriter on the table. She told me that she couldn’t __3__ fast and then she was out of work. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears was a perfect proof of how __4__ I understood the pressure on her. Sitting beside her on the sofa, I began very slowly to understand. “I guess we all have to __5__ something，” Mother said quietly. I could __6__ her pain and the tension of __7__ the strong feelings that were interrupted by my __8__. Suddenly, something inside me lit up. I reached out and put my arms around her. She broke then. She put her face__9__ my shoulder and sobbed. I held her __10__ and didn’t try to talk. I knew I was doing what I should, what I could and that was __11__. At that moment, feeling Mother’s __12__ with feelings, I understood for the first time her being easy to __13__. She was still my mother, __14__ she was something __15__: a person like me, capable of fear and __16__ and failure. I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand occasions when I sought __17__ in her arms.
A week later Mother took a job selling dry goods at half the salary the radio station __18__. “It’s a job I can do, though,” she said simply. But the evening practice on the green typewriter continued. I had a very __19__ feeling now when I passed her door at night and heard her __20__ away across the paper. I knew there was something more going on in there than a woman learning to type.
1．A. tired B. ashamed C. lazy D. shocked
2．A. crying B. smiling C. thinking D. whispering
3．A. understand B. type C. run D. return
4．A. eagerly B. worriedly C. little D. much
5．A. fail B. win C. forget D. obtain
6．A. kill B. watch C. sense D. recognize
7．A. holding back B. putting away C. staying up D. stopping from
8．A. pain B. laughter C. arrival D. disappearance
9．A. to B. up C. through D. against
10．A. tightly B. thoughtfully C. carefully D. politely
11．A. enough B. precise C. content D. serious
12．A. hand B. face C. hair D. back
13．A. satisfy B. break C. fall D. shout
14．A. while B. although C. yet D. since
15．A. more B. excellent C. strange D. huge
16．A. wound B. defeat C. cut D. hurt
17．A. kindness B. memory C. comfort D. support
18．A. supplied B. offered C. paid for D. contributed
19．A. different B. hard C. pleasant D. devoted
20．A. screaming B. laughing C. tapping D. sewing
三、阅读理解
阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳答案。
Most good interviewers will make an effort to establish and keep eye contact. Make sure that you do not find yourself looking down or away. If you wear glasses, be sure to buy the non-glare lenses. Do not stare.
Rapidly nodding your head can leave the impression that you are impatient and too eager to add something to the conversation — if only the interviewer would let you. Slower nodding, on the other hand, emphasizes interest, shows that you are validating (确认) the comments of your interviewer, and encourages him to continue. Tilting (倾斜) the head slightly, when combined with eye contact and a natural smile, shows friendliness and approachability.
Your smile is one of the most powerful positive body signals. Everybody looks better when they smile. Offer an unforced, confident smile. Avoid at all costs the technique that some applicants use: grinning idiotically (白痴般地咧嘴笑) for the length of the interview, no matter what. This will only communicate that you are insincere (虚假的).
It’s worth remembering that the mouth provides a seemingly limitless supply of opportunities to convey weakness. This may be done by touching the mouth frequently; “faking” a cough when confused with a difficult question; and /or gnawing (咬) on one’s lips absentmindedly. Employing any of these “insincerity signs” when you are asked about why you lost your last job, will confirm or instill (慢慢灌输) suspicions about your honesty.
1. The mouth may make your weakness known by ________according to the passage.
A. pretending to be coughing B. having an unforced smile
C. blowing a kiss D. showing your teeth
2. Which facial signal can cause you to lose an opportunity of being employed?
A. Gnawing on your lips. B. A natural smile.
C. A natural smile. D. Touching the mouth occasionally.
3. What does the underlined word “suspicion” in the last paragraph mean?
A. understanding B. uncertainty C. expression D. agreement
4. The main purpose of this text is to ________.
A. tell you how to communicate with others effectively
B. show you how to make yourself more understandable
C. remind you of respecting the interviewer
D. give you some advice on facial signals for job interviews
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
（1）
Lake Titicaca, a famous lake in South America, is located on the border between Bolivia and Peru. But the lives of the ancient people who once lived around the lake and __1__ culture was thought to be highly advanced, have long remained a secret. Recently __2__, scientists taking part in an exploration project at the lake have found __3__ they believe to be a 1000-year-old temple __4__ the water.
Divers from the study group have discovered __5__ building scientists think is the remains of a temple built by the people who once lived beside the lake. The project leaders hope to begin raising important materials from the site later this week __6__ bad weather forces a change in their plans.
“The scientists have not yet had the opportunity to study the materials carefully,” said project director, John Aubi. “But some __7__ (put) forward the idea that the remains date from this period because of their __8__ (similar) to those found elsewhere.”
The research team has so far this year made more than 200 dives into water 30 metres deep. During these dives, __9__ have been recording the ancient remains on film. There will be a meeting, __10__ (start) later this year to review the film.
（2）
Were you the first or the last child in your family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think __1__ matters where you were born in your family. But there are different ideas about what birth order means. Some people say that oldest children, __2__ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely __3__ (succeed). The reason __4__ this is simple. Parents have a lot of time for their first child and give him or her a lot of attention. An only child will succeed for __5__ same reason.
What happens to the __6__ children in the family? Middle children don’t get so much attention, so they don’t feel that important. If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, __7__, often gets special treatment. Often this child grows up to be funny. But a recent study saw things quite __8__ (difference). The study found that first children believed in family rules. They didn’t take many chances in __9__ lives. They usually __10__ (follow) orders. Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family. They took chances and they often did better in life.
五、书面表达
假如你是明启中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。词数：120~150。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。句意:他不久就适应了那种生活,自那以后幸福地生活着。adjust oneself to sth. 使某人自己适应某事。
2. D。由回答No 可知“不是偶然地，而是故意地”，故选on purpose。
3. A。句意:那小男孩被允许去游泳,条件是他得始终在别的男孩附近。provided that意思是“条件是”,引导条件状语从句。in case 以防,防止; now that 既然,由于; by the time 到某时为止。
4. B。句意:她把头碰了一下后昏迷了几分钟。unconscious无知觉的;昏迷的;不省人事的。absent-minded 健忘的，心不在焉的；unaware 不知道的，未察觉的；nonsense 废话，无聊的事物。
5. B。句意:我父亲给我的建议是“努力学习,你就会取得成功”。get across 使……被理解; get ahead 获得成功;get away 逃脱;离开;get about 到处走动,旅行;传播。
6. C。句意：除了英语，我还要再学第二门外语。in addition to“除……之外(还)”，后接名词、代词或动名词。in addition为副词短语，在句中需和其他成分用逗号隔开；D项若为Besides则正确。
7. B。句意：我们明天能否去露营要看天气了。depends on作谓语，前面应该是主语从句，从句中缺少表示“是否”的词，所以应用whether。if 不能引导主语从句；that引导主语从句时，不作任何成分，也没有意义；where在从句中作状语。
8. A。as long as“只要……”；unless“除非”；as soon as“一……就……”；though“尽管”。根据句意可知选A。
9. A。考查“the more. . . the more. . . ”结构。句意：你问得越多，说得越多，你知道的也就越多，尤其是在学习一门外语的时候。
10. A。句意：尽管大熊猫的食物主要由竹子构成，但是它们也吃肉，有时也会捕捉昆虫和小鸟。consist of“由……构成”；consist in“存在于”；consist with“与……一致”。故选A。
11. A。考chance可能性，后面应为同位语从句的引导词，且在从句中不作任何句子成分，也无实在意义，应选A。
12. A。句意：他刚买了很多好书，比如《红字》、《呼啸山庄》。such as用于列举其中一些事例，意为“诸如，像这种的”；for example用于举例以证实，表示“例如”；that is“即，也就是说”。
13. D。句意：这个计划的失败主要是由于缺乏资金。due to意为“由于，因为”。as a result缺少of；选项B应为owing to；C项应为because of。
14. C。句意：初学者忘记在名词前使用冠词这一现象很常见。be common for sb. 对某人来说是常见的。ordinary 普通的；usual 通常的（强调习惯性）；general 全面的，整体的。
15. B。句意：即使我与你持不同的观点，在一定程度上我还是明白你的意思。share 意为“共有”，符合题意。permit 允许；agree 同意（加介词才接宾语）；recognize 认出。
二、完形填空
1. D。刚刚放学回家，我被眼前的一幕震惊(shocked)得目瞪口呆。
2. A。由下文的finding Mother in tears可知此处应填crying。
3. B。这里指的是母亲打字(type)不快，因此下岗。
4. C。在发现母亲伤心流泪时，我所表现的尴尬和震惊证明了我对母亲肩负的压力了解得是那么的少(little)。
5. A。母亲在自我安慰：我想我们大家都会失败。something前省略了介词in。
6．C。sense感觉到。我察觉到母亲的痛苦和尽力抑制自己的感情。kill杀；watch观看；recognize认出，承认。
7. A。hold back抑制；put away把……收起来；sit up坐起，熬夜；stop from阻止……做。这里指母亲控制自己的感情。
8. C。此处是说母亲的感情被“我”的到来打断了。
9. D。我伸手抱住了母亲，她那时完全崩溃(broke)了。
10. A。我紧紧地抱着她。
11. A。我知道我在做我应该做的事和我能做的事情，那已经足够了。
12. D。双手抱着母亲，此处应该是抚摸着母亲的背部。
13. B。此处是说“我”第一次懂得了母亲很容易心碎、垮下。所以填break。
14. C。此处是转折关系。
15. A。然而母亲像我一样也有别的东西：恐惧、内心的痛苦和失败。
16. D。hurt多指精神上的痛苦。
17. C。此处的意思是：我在她的臂弯里寻求安慰(comfort)时。
18. B。the radio station offered为定语从句，修饰salary。
19. A。作者夜里走过妈妈的房门，还听到妈妈在练习打字，自然是感慨万千，所以应填different，别样的感觉。
20. C。tap(在打字机上)敲打。
三、阅读理解
1. A。A项说假装正在咳嗽，这是用来掩饰内心虚弱的一种方式，从文中最后一段可以看出；B（从容不迫地微笑）、C（飞吻）、D（露出牙齿地笑）都是自信的表现。
2. A。根据文中最后一段可以看出，咬嘴唇是“convey weakness”的一种方式，所以如果在面试的时候，老有这样的表现的话，那就很容易丧失掉这次机会。自然的微笑、自然的眼神交流以及偶尔摸嘴，都不是很大的问题。
3. B。根据前面“insincerity signs”以及问道“为什么会失去上次的工作”可知，对待这样不真诚的行为，面试者就会更加肯定“对你的忠诚度”的“怀疑”。understanding指“理解”；uncertainty指“不确定”；expression指“表达”；agreement指“同意；一致”。
4. D。全文主要讲解了关于面部表情的建议，所以D正确。“如何有效地与人交流”、“如何让别人更能理解自己的意思”、“提醒你要尊敬面试者”都不是本文的主要意思。
四、语法填空
（1）
1. whose。whose引导定语从句修饰前面的名词the ancient people，且在从句中作定语。
2. however。因此句与上个句子在句意上是转折关系，且有逗号隔开，填however。
3. what。what引导宾语从句，what表示“……的东西”。
4. under/beneath/in。表示“在水下”用under/beneath都可以。in the water 在水里。
5. a。第一次提到，填a，修饰building。
6. unless。根据上下文句意，此处需要填“如果……不”，所以填unless。
7. have put。根据上下文可知，科学家已经提出了提出一种观点……
8. similarity/similarities。因为because of后接名词或代词，填similar的名词similarity（不可数名词）或similarities（具体的相似之处）。
9. they。用they指代上文的the research team的具体成员，作主语。
10. starting。start作a meeting的非限制性定语，补充说明a meeting。“会议开始”是主动关系，用动词-ing形式。
（2）
1. it。it是形式主语，代替后面where引导的从句。句意：一些人认为你在所有孩子中第几个出生很重要。
2. who。用who引导非限制性定语从句，代替that oldest children在从句中作主语。
3. to succeed。sb. + be likely to do sth. 某人可能会做某事。
4. for。the reason for…是固定搭配，意为“……的原因”。
5. the。the same 同一个。same通常与the连用。
6. other。第一段讲述了第一个孩子和独生子的情况，而第二段要说的是其他孩子，包括中间和最小的孩子，所以填other（其他的）。
7. however/though。此句与上一句子是转折关系，而且放在句中，可以用however或though（然而）。
8. differently。此句中saw后接宾语things，后面填形容词作宾语补足语，说明things的特点，相当于things are quite different。
9. their。主语They的物主代词their。句意：他们在“他们的”生活中没有很多机会。
10. followed。follow orders 听从命令。
五、书面表达
Dear Chairman,
I’m writing to you with reference to the project that helps the children in poor areas, and I want to apply for it.
First, I’ll introduce myself to you. I’m Li Ming, a Senior Two student at Ming Qi Middle School. I’m a student of good character and fine scholarship. I’m ready to help others in daily life. I think this project will offer me an opportunity to help more children.
If I succeed in applying for it, first and foremost, I’ll keep in touch with the poor children frequently by writing letters, emails or meeting face to face; in the meanwhile, I’ll communicate with them not only in life but also in studies, and get to know more about them and help them in every aspect; last but not least, I’ll help them acquire a correct outlook on life, helping them exploit knowledge to change their fortune.
Taking the project fund into account, I’ll divide it into three parts. One part is used for their tuition and books; another part is for their daily life and the last part is for enriching their hobbies, aiming to help them develop in an all-round way.
Such is my plan about the project. I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
语言积累
交际用语
礼貌的请求（Polite requests）
Is it all right...? ……可以吗？
I’m afraid... 恐怕……
Could you...? 你能……吗？
Do you think I could...? 你认为我能……？
I wonder if... 我想知道是否……
Examples
1. Is it all right if I pay by credit card? 我可以用信用卡付账吗？
2. I’m afraid she won’t be here till about ten o’clock. 恐怕她约十点钟才能到这里。
3. Could you just wait a moment, please? 你能等一下吗？
4. Could you possibly give me a seat by the window? 你能给我一个窗户旁边的座位吗？
5. Do you think I could have something about the modern buildings, please?
你能告诉我点有关现代建筑的信息吗？
6. I was wondering if you could help me with my bags. 我想知道你是不是能帮我拿包。
表示同情（Showing sympathy）
1. What a shame! 多遗憾呀！真可惜！
2. That’s terrible! 太糟糕了！
3. Oh, no! 哦，不！
4. Me, too. 我也是。
5. I bet you were. 我打赌你是（那样的）。
话题语句（1）
Methods for learning a foreign language:
Learning the words in a dictionary
Watching TV in the language
Listening to the music in the language
Learning from the foreign teachers
Helpful tips for learning English well
1. Setting achievable targets. For example, enlarge your vocabulary by 10 new words every day—five times a week -- then revise the words on the weekend. 50 new words a week means 200 new words a month.
2. Listening to an English song several times in one week after reading the words.
3. Watching the news in your own language and then reading an English newspaper or news website. Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension (理解) when reading in English.
4. Watching a favourite DVD, but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.
5. Studying with friends. Test each other and share learning strategies (策略) – this makes learning more enjoyable.
6. Rewarding yourself. If you reach a target, treat yourself. Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate (激发) you as well.
话题语句（2）
Varieties of English
Which families do English and Chinese belong to?
English — Indo- European language family (印欧语系)
Chinese — Sino-Tibetan language family (汉藏语系)
In the world, people use different kinds of language to communicate. Among them, English is the most popular international language. Some people speak English as a first language, but some people use it as a second or only as a foreign language.
English spoken as a second language — it is used in schools, offices and universities and between people whose main languages are different.
English is spoken as a first language (native language 母语): e.g. America, Britain, Australia
English is spoken as a second language: e.g. India, Kenya, Malaysia
English is only used as a foreign language: e.g. China, Japan, Russia
Some words in American English and British English:
American English British English Chinese
mail post 邮寄
movie film 电影
subway underground 地铁
garbage rubbish 垃圾
vacation holiday 假期
apartment flat 公寓
British English and American English
As we know, English is one of the most widely-used languages in the world and it’s spoken in many different countries. The English spoken in one country is slightly different from that in another one. There are two major types of English—British English and American English in the world.
British English and American English are almost the same. But there are minor (较小的) differences between them in the following.
The first difference is the vocabulary. A small number of words are used differently.
The second difference is pronunciation. Sometimes the Americans and Britishers don’t understand each other’s pronunciation because there are different dialects (方言) between them.
The third difference is spelling. A few kinds of words are spelled differently in British and American English.
话题语句（3）
身体语言（Body language）
Body language is used to communicate both attitudes and feelings from affection to anger just like any other language. It is a language without words that consists of gestures, facial expressions and body movements.
People often use body language on purpose. However, body language can be unconscious as well.
Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool.
Body language can be very useful when people do not share a common spoken language. For example, in foreign countries it’s an aid to travelers.
However, body language can sometimes be ambiguous.
Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval — the smile.
Body language for greeting 表示问候的身体语言
When people meet:
In china, people shake hands.
In Japan, women bow.
In Russia, France and Arab countries men kiss each other.
In France, it is the custom to shake hands with each other in the office every morning.
In Arab countries, people eat using the fingers of the right hands; the left hands are not used at all.
When people touch:
People from English-speaking countries do not touch each other very much. If you touch an English person, you should say “sorry”.
What do the gestures mean? 这些手势是什么意思？
The OK Sign
Everything is great. —The United States, Germany
Things are good, not excellent. —Mexico
Worthless, zero —France, most of the European countries
Symbols for money, especially for coins —Japan
Vulgar (粗俗的) gesture —Spain, Russia, Brazil
Threat of bodily harm —Tunisia (突尼斯)
The V Sign
Victory —Great Britain, the United States, most of the world
Peace —The United States (since the 1960s)
Thumbs Up 拇指向上
Approval —Great Britain, The United States, Russia, China
Highly offensive —Iran (伊朗)
Rude —Australia
Thumbs Down拇指向下
Disapproval —The United States
Rude —Greece.
话题语句（4）
有用的句子-----试试你会了吗？
1. 但遗憾的是，我们很少有机会生活在讲英语的国家。
But sadly, the _______ that we all have the _______ _______ live in an ________ country are small.
2. 然而，真正要取得成功意味着课后仍需要额外付出。
To really get _______, however, means _______ in extra work _______ of the classroom.
3. 你听的口音越多，你就越困惑。
______________ you hear, ___________ you get.
4. 某人高兴地跳起来很容易见到，然后挑起眉毛表示怀疑却容易被人忽视。
Somebody _______ for joy is easy to see while a _______ eyebrow _______ doubt is easier to miss.
5. 感到不舒服或紧张的人经常使身体处于僵硬的状态。
A person who is feeling uncomfortable or nervous will often hold their body ____________.
6. 例如，在国外，你只要微笑并用手指着你想要的东西就可以轻松购物。
For example, in foreign countries, it is very easy _______ something simply by ______ and ______ ______ what you want.
7. 其次，我不知道为什么各类英语在这个课程中都有涉及。
________, I don’t see why ______ ______ English are ______ in the course.
8. 这是由于国际交流增加的缘故吗？
Is it ______ increased international communication?
9. 我晚一点独自走可以吗？
Is it all right if I go off _______________ later?
10. 先生，对不起，我们得遵守时刻表。
I’m sorry but we have to ___________, sir.
参考答案：
1. chances (可能性，几率)；opportunity (机会) to；English-speaking
2. ahead (get ahead 获得成功，进步)；putting (mean doing 意味着做)；outside
3. The more different accents; the more confused (感到困惑)
4. jumping; raised; conveying (动词-ing作定语表示正在进行，且动词与被修饰词是主动关系； 过去分词作定语表示完成，且动词与被修饰词多是被动关系)
5. in a very rigid (僵硬的) manner (in a ... manner 以……方式/态度)
6. to purchase; smiling and pointing at
7. Secondly; varieties of; covered
8. due to
9. on my own (独自) a bit (一点)
10. keep to (遵循) the timetable
写作运用
正式书信
英文书信大致分为商务信件（Business letter ) 和私人信件( Private letter )两大类。前者指单位与单位之间，或单位与个人之间公务往来的信件；后者指亲属朋友之间信件。
英文信的组成部分：
一封英文书信主要由信头、信内地址、称呼、信的正文、结尾、签名等六个部分组成。正式信件，这六个部分都不可缺少，但私人信件和非正式的社交信件，则“信内地址”可省略。
1. 信头
指发信人的地址和发信日期。目的是使收信人知道回信地址，但发信人名字不需写在地址上面，因为发信人姓名在信末签名部分出现。日期要写在地址下面，即信头的最后一行。信头一般写在信纸的右上角。如：
Room 1402, Macy House
616 Grand Street
London, U.K.
May 15, 2014
2. 信内地址
指收信人姓名，职位及地址等。按照英美习惯，凡属公务往来的正式函件都必须把姓名和地址重新引用一次，私人信件则不需要。信内地址写在信头下面一两行处的信纸的左下方，但也有放在信纸的左下方的。
3. 称呼
是对收信人的尊称语。在信内地址下面两行，从左边顶格写起，占一行。如果不写信内地址，则在信头下两行开始。通常在收信人的名字和尊称语前面加“Dear”一词。
4. 正文：即信件内的主要内容。
5. 信尾客套语
即写信人在信的右（或左）下角，写上表示自己对收信人一种礼貌客气的谦称。一般有Sincerely, Sincerely yours, Yours sincerely, Friendly yours, Truly yours, Yours truly, Cordially yours, Yours cordially等，这些词或短语后可加逗号。
6. 签名
即亲笔签上写信人自己的姓名。如果是用打字机或电脑写的信，在写信人签名的上方，同样应该打上写信人的姓名。
齐头式信件格式
用齐头式信件写信，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。每段的第一句不需要空格，但段与段之间需要空一至二行。齐头式信件的信尾客套话和签名可以有两种款式。第一种写在左下方，这是最常用也是最正式的。另外也可以写在右下方，这种形式则表示写信人与收信人之间的关系比较熟悉。
折衷式信件格式
用折衷式书写信件，其正文与称呼之间空一至二行。第一段第一句的第一个单词必须在Dear称呼的直接下面，即每段开头空格4个字母。信尾的客套话和签名都写在右下方。朋友之间写信一般都使用折衷式，而且称呼与正文之间一般不空行。
温馨提示：信件举例看“写作范文Example 1”
如何在信中表现正式
1. Formal greeting and closing. 正式的开头和结尾。
2. No abbreviations. 不用缩略语。
3. Polite written requests. 礼貌的书面语。如：
Could you please…
I would be grateful if you could…
I would like to …
4. Formal conjunctions. 正式的连接词，如
as long as 只要 unless 除非 whether 是否 provided that 假如
正式语言和非正式语言对比：
formal informal
Dear Sir/ Madam Hi, there
I am writing I’m writing
I would like I want
I would be grateful if you could explain why I don’t see why
I read that you say that
In addition By the way
I would like to know I want to know
Could you please tell me Just tell me
Could you please send me Send me
as soon as possible ASAP
I look forward to hearing from you Write soon
Yours faithfully Cheers
常用句型
1. 开头
◆ I’m writing this letter to share with you what I think about the matter.
我写信来说说我对此事的看法。
◆ I am writing to express my idea concerning/ for the purpose of...
我写信想表达我对……的想法/为了……
◆ I know you have trouble in ... after reading your letter.
读了你的信，我知道你在……方面有了麻烦。
◆ I am very pleased to write this letter of recommendation to support his application.
我很高兴写这封推荐信，为他的申请助一臂之力。
◆ I am very delighted to have been asked to write this letter of recommendation for ...
我非常高兴应……之邀写这封推荐信。
◆ I am writing to complain about... 我写此信投诉有关……
2. 信中
◆ I feel something should be done about... 我觉得应该对……采取措施。
◆ I had enough opportunities to observe him in many ways.
我有很多机会在各方面观察他。
3. 信尾
◆ I feel that it would be beneficial if... 我感觉如果……会是有利的。
◆ I would be ready to discuss this matter to further details. 我会很愿意进一步讨论此事。
◆ I would appreciate it greatly if you kindly take him into consideration for admission.
如果你考虑他的入学申请，我将不胜感激。
◆ I will be more than happy to see improvements in this regard.
如果看到这一点有所改进，我会很高兴的。
◆ Please give this matter your immediate attention. 亟待您的关注。
◆ Thank you for your time and kind consideration.
谢谢您在百忙之中抽时间考虑我的申请/要求。
写作范文
Example 1
Example 2
假如你是郑明，听说当地超市有卖克隆动物制成的食品的计划，用英语给超市写一封信，表示你对此事的关注，并表达自己对于克隆动物产品的想法。
参考范文：
1001 High Street
Charlottesville
10 June, 2014
Manager
Best Food Supermarket
500 High Street
Charlottesville
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing about your plan to sell food from cloned animals in your supermarket.
My classmates and I have done some research. We went online and to the library to find as much information as possible about food from cloned animals. From the information we have collected, we have learnt that some people think food from cloned animals tastes better and offers better nutrition. Other people doubt whether food from cloned animals is really safe for us to eat. After discussing this, we agree that the most important thing is that, since cloning is quite a new scientific technology, no one knows whether food cloned from animals is safe for people to eat, especially in the long term.
Cloning is not very cheap at present, so most people will not be able to afford to buy food from cloned animals in supermarkets. At the same time, we think such food will not taste as delicious as normal food.
In summary, we insist that you not sell food from cloned animals in your supermarket. Or, at least, you should sell both normal food and food from cloned animals, so customers can choose as they want.
Yours sincerely
Zheng Ming
Zheng Ming
话题拓展作文
（A）
假如你是李华，你的一位名叫Mike的美国笔友给你写了一封信，询问怎样学好汉语。请你给他写一封回信，给出你的建议。
写作内容：
1. 经常去唐人街，那里有许多中国人，有良好的语言环境；
2. 多交中国朋友，尤其是来自北京的，这样可以学到标准的汉语；
3. 收听中文广播、看中文电影，这样可以在学习汉语的同时了解中国文化。
词数：120左右
参考范文：
Dear Mike,
I am glad to know that you are interested in learning Chinese. I am writing to give you some suggestions on how to learn it well.
First, you can go to Chinatown because a lot of Chinese people live and work there. Talking with the Chinese shopkeepers provides you with good opportunities to practice your oral Chinese. Second, you can make friends with Chinese people, especially those from Beijing who can speak standard Chinese. Your Chinese will be greatly improved if you keep communicating with them, such as having parties and going camping with them. Finally, you can also learn Chinese by listening to Chinese radio programs and watching Chinese movies, which can help you learn about Chinese culture as well as improve your Chinese.
I hope you can make great progress in Chinese.
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
（B）
某校英文报开辟了一个专栏：Experience。本期话题是如何解决学习中遇到的困难。请你以“My Approach to Difficulties in Learning”为题，用英语写一篇短文。谈谈自己的一些做法。词数100 左右。
参考范文：
My Approach to Difficulties in Learning
As high school students, we run into one difficulty after another in the process of learning. Everyone has their own way to deal with them. Here I would like to share mine. When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages. In this way, I can not only work it out but also improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself. However, when it is something beyond my competence, I turn to my classmates or teachers for help. Sometimes I also ask my parents for advice. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. He soon _______ himself to the way of life and has lived happily ever since.
A. arranged B. adjusted C. admitted D. avoided
2. —Why so angry? Didn’t he break the window by chance?
—No. He did it ______.
A．by accident B．with purpose C．for purpose D．on purpose
3. The little boy was allowed to go swimming ______ he kept near the other boys.
A. provided that B. in case C. now that D. by the time
4. After she hit her head she was ______ for several minutes.
A. absent-minded B. unconscious C. unaware D. nonsense
5. The advice my father gave me is “Work hard and you’ll ______”.
A. get across B. get ahead C. get away D. get about
6. ________ English, I have to study a second foreign language.
A．In addition that B．In addition C．In addition to D．Beside
7. ________ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A．If B．Whether C．That D．Where
8．—Our holiday cost a lot of money.
—Did it？Well, that doesn’t matter ________ you enjoyed yourselves.
A．as long as B．unless C．as soon as D．though
9. ______ you ask and speak, ______ you will know, especially in learning a foreign language.
A. The more; the more B. The better; the better
C. The most; the most D. The best; the best
10. Though pandas’ diets usually ________ bamboo, they can also eat meat and they sometimes catch insects and small birds.
A．consist of B．consist in C．consist with D．consist
11. There is much chance ________ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A．that B．which C．until D．if
12. He has just bought quite a few good books, ________The Scarlet Letter, Wuthering Heights.
A．such as B．for example C．that is D．which are
13. The failure of this programme has been largely ______ the lack of funds.
A. as a result B. owing in C. because to D. due to
14. It’s quite ______ for beginners to forget to use an article before a noun.
A. ordinary B. usual C. common D. general
15. In a way I can see what you mean, even though I don’t _______ your point of view.
A. permit B. share C. agree D. recognize
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1～20各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Coming home from school that dark winter day so long ago, I was filled with excitement of having the weekend off. But I was __1__ into stillness by what I saw. Mother, seated at the far end of the sofa, was __2__ , with the second-hand green typewriter on the table. She told me that she couldn’t __3__ fast and then she was out of work. My shock and embarrassment at finding Mother in tears was a perfect proof of how __4__ I understood the pressure on her. Sitting beside her on the sofa, I began very slowly to understand. “I guess we all have to __5__ something，” Mother said quietly. I could __6__ her pain and the tension of __7__ the strong feelings that were interrupted by my __8__. Suddenly, something inside me lit up. I reached out and put my arms around her. She broke then. She put her face__9__ my shoulder and sobbed. I held her __10__ and didn’t try to talk. I knew I was doing what I should, what I could and that was __11__. At that moment, feeling Mother’s __12__ with feelings, I understood for the first time her being easy to __13__. She was still my mother, __14__ she was something __15__: a person like me, capable of fear and __16__ and failure. I could feel her pain as she must have felt mine on a thousand occasions when I sought __17__ in her arms.
A week later Mother took a job selling dry goods at half the salary the radio station __18__. “It’s a job I can do, though,” she said simply. But the evening practice on the green typewriter continued. I had a very __19__ feeling now when I passed her door at night and heard her __20__ away across the paper. I knew there was something more going on in there than a woman learning to type.
1．A. tired B. ashamed C. lazy D. shocked
2．A. crying B. smiling C. thinking D. whispering
3．A. understand B. type C. run D. return
4．A. eagerly B. worriedly C. little D. much
5．A. fail B. win C. forget D. obtain
6．A. kill B. watch C. sense D. recognize
7．A. holding back B. putting away C. staying up D. stopping from
8．A. pain B. laughter C. arrival D. disappearance
9．A. to B. up C. through D. against
10．A. tightly B. thoughtfully C. carefully D. politely
11．A. enough B. precise C. content D. serious
12．A. hand B. face C. hair D. back
13．A. satisfy B. break C. fall D. shout
14．A. while B. although C. yet D. since
15．A. more B. excellent C. strange D. huge
16．A. wound B. defeat C. cut D. hurt
17．A. kindness B. memory C. comfort D. support
18．A. supplied B. offered C. paid for D. contributed
19．A. different B. hard C. pleasant D. devoted
20．A. screaming B. laughing C. tapping D. sewing
三、阅读理解
阅读短文，从每小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳答案。
Most good interviewers will make an effort to establish and keep eye contact. Make sure that you do not find yourself looking down or away. If you wear glasses, be sure to buy the non-glare lenses. Do not stare.
Rapidly nodding your head can leave the impression that you are impatient and too eager to add something to the conversation — if only the interviewer would let you. Slower nodding, on the other hand, emphasizes interest, shows that you are validating (确认) the comments of your interviewer, and encourages him to continue. Tilting (倾斜) the head slightly, when combined with eye contact and a natural smile, shows friendliness and approachability.
Your smile is one of the most powerful positive body signals. Everybody looks better when they smile. Offer an unforced, confident smile. Avoid at all costs the technique that some applicants use: grinning idiotically (白痴般地咧嘴笑) for the length of the interview, no matter what. This will only communicate that you are insincere (虚假的).
It’s worth remembering that the mouth provides a seemingly limitless supply of opportunities to convey weakness. This may be done by touching the mouth frequently; “faking” a cough when confused with a difficult question; and /or gnawing (咬) on one’s lips absentmindedly. Employing any of these “insincerity signs” when you are asked about why you lost your last job, will confirm or instill (慢慢灌输) suspicions about your honesty.
1. The mouth may make your weakness known by ________according to the passage.
A. pretending to be coughing B. having an unforced smile
C. blowing a kiss D. showing your teeth
2. Which facial signal can cause you to lose an opportunity of being employed?
A. Gnawing on your lips. B. A natural smile.
C. A natural smile. D. Touching the mouth occasionally.
3. What does the underlined word “suspicion” in the last paragraph mean?
A. understanding B. uncertainty C. expression D. agreement
4. The main purpose of this text is to ________.
A. tell you how to communicate with others effectively
B. show you how to make yourself more understandable
C. remind you of respecting the interviewer
D. give you some advice on facial signals for job interviews
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
（1）
Lake Titicaca, a famous lake in South America, is located on the border between Bolivia and Peru. But the lives of the ancient people who once lived around the lake and __1__ culture was thought to be highly advanced, have long remained a secret. Recently __2__, scientists taking part in an exploration project at the lake have found __3__ they believe to be a 1000-year-old temple __4__ the water.
Divers from the study group have discovered __5__ building scientists think is the remains of a temple built by the people who once lived beside the lake. The project leaders hope to begin raising important materials from the site later this week __6__ bad weather forces a change in their plans.
“The scientists have not yet had the opportunity to study the materials carefully,” said project director, John Aubi. “But some __7__ (put) forward the idea that the remains date from this period because of their __8__ (similar) to those found elsewhere.”
The research team has so far this year made more than 200 dives into water 30 metres deep. During these dives, __9__ have been recording the ancient remains on film. There will be a meeting, __10__ (start) later this year to review the film.
（2）
Were you the first or the last child in your family? Or were you a middle or an only child? Some people think __1__ matters where you were born in your family. But there are different ideas about what birth order means. Some people say that oldest children, __2__ are smart and strong-willed, are very likely __3__ (succeed). The reason __4__ this is simple. Parents have a lot of time for their first child and give him or her a lot of attention. An only child will succeed for __5__ same reason.
What happens to the __6__ children in the family? Middle children don’t get so much attention, so they don’t feel that important. If a family has many children, the middle one sometimes gets lost in the crowd. The youngest child, __7__, often gets special treatment. Often this child grows up to be funny. But a recent study saw things quite __8__ (difference). The study found that first children believed in family rules. They didn’t take many chances in __9__ lives. They usually __10__ (follow) orders. Rules didn’t mean as much to later children in the family. They took chances and they often did better in life.
五、书面表达
假如你是明启中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。词数：120~150。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. B。句意:他不久就适应了那种生活,自那以后幸福地生活着。adjust oneself to sth. 使某人自己适应某事。
2. D。由回答No 可知“不是偶然地，而是故意地”，故选on purpose。
3. A。句意:那小男孩被允许去游泳,条件是他得始终在别的男孩附近。provided that意思是“条件是”,引导条件状语从句。in case 以防,防止; now that 既然,由于; by the time 到某时为止。
4. B。句意:她把头碰了一下后昏迷了几分钟。unconscious无知觉的;昏迷的;不省人事的。absent-minded 健忘的，心不在焉的；unaware 不知道的，未察觉的；nonsense 废话，无聊的事物。
5. B。句意:我父亲给我的建议是“努力学习,你就会取得成功”。get across 使……被理解; get ahead 获得成功;get away 逃脱;离开;get about 到处走动,旅行;传播。
6. C。句意：除了英语，我还要再学第二门外语。in addition to“除……之外(还)”，后接名词、代词或动名词。in addition为副词短语，在句中需和其他成分用逗号隔开；D项若为Besides则正确。
7. B。句意：我们明天能否去露营要看天气了。depends on作谓语，前面应该是主语从句，从句中缺少表示“是否”的词，所以应用whether。if 不能引导主语从句；that引导主语从句时，不作任何成分，也没有意义；where在从句中作状语。
8. A。as long as“只要……”；unless“除非”；as soon as“一……就……”；though“尽管”。根据句意可知选A。
9. A。考查“the more. . . the more. . . ”结构。句意：你问得越多，说得越多，你知道的也就越多，尤其是在学习一门外语的时候。
10. A。句意：尽管大熊猫的食物主要由竹子构成，但是它们也吃肉，有时也会捕捉昆虫和小鸟。consist of“由……构成”；consist in“存在于”；consist with“与……一致”。故选A。
11. A。考chance可能性，后面应为同位语从句的引导词，且在从句中不作任何句子成分，也无实在意义，应选A。
12. A。句意：他刚买了很多好书，比如《红字》、《呼啸山庄》。such as用于列举其中一些事例，意为“诸如，像这种的”；for example用于举例以证实，表示“例如”；that is“即，也就是说”。
13. D。句意：这个计划的失败主要是由于缺乏资金。due to意为“由于，因为”。as a result缺少of；选项B应为owing to；C项应为because of。
14. C。句意：初学者忘记在名词前使用冠词这一现象很常见。be common for sb. 对某人来说是常见的。ordinary 普通的；usual 通常的（强调习惯性）；general 全面的，整体的。
15. B。句意：即使我与你持不同的观点，在一定程度上我还是明白你的意思。share 意为“共有”，符合题意。permit 允许；agree 同意（加介词才接宾语）；recognize 认出。
二、完形填空
1. D。刚刚放学回家，我被眼前的一幕震惊(shocked)得目瞪口呆。
2. A。由下文的finding Mother in tears可知此处应填crying。
3. B。这里指的是母亲打字(type)不快，因此下岗。
4. C。在发现母亲伤心流泪时，我所表现的尴尬和震惊证明了我对母亲肩负的压力了解得是那么的少(little)。
5. A。母亲在自我安慰：我想我们大家都会失败。something前省略了介词in。
6．C。sense感觉到。我察觉到母亲的痛苦和尽力抑制自己的感情。kill杀；watch观看；recognize认出，承认。
7. A。hold back抑制；put away把……收起来；sit up坐起，熬夜；stop from阻止……做。这里指母亲控制自己的感情。
8. C。此处是说母亲的感情被“我”的到来打断了。
9. D。我伸手抱住了母亲，她那时完全崩溃(broke)了。
10. A。我紧紧地抱着她。
11. A。我知道我在做我应该做的事和我能做的事情，那已经足够了。
12. D。双手抱着母亲，此处应该是抚摸着母亲的背部。
13. B。此处是说“我”第一次懂得了母亲很容易心碎、垮下。所以填break。
14. C。此处是转折关系。
15. A。然而母亲像我一样也有别的东西：恐惧、内心的痛苦和失败。
16. D。hurt多指精神上的痛苦。
17. C。此处的意思是：我在她的臂弯里寻求安慰(comfort)时。
18. B。the radio station offered为定语从句，修饰salary。
19. A。作者夜里走过妈妈的房门，还听到妈妈在练习打字，自然是感慨万千，所以应填different，别样的感觉。
20. C。tap(在打字机上)敲打。
三、阅读理解
1. A。A项说假装正在咳嗽，这是用来掩饰内心虚弱的一种方式，从文中最后一段可以看出；B（从容不迫地微笑）、C（飞吻）、D（露出牙齿地笑）都是自信的表现。
2. A。根据文中最后一段可以看出，咬嘴唇是“convey weakness”的一种方式，所以如果在面试的时候，老有这样的表现的话，那就很容易丧失掉这次机会。自然的微笑、自然的眼神交流以及偶尔摸嘴，都不是很大的问题。
3. B。根据前面“insincerity signs”以及问道“为什么会失去上次的工作”可知，对待这样不真诚的行为，面试者就会更加肯定“对你的忠诚度”的“怀疑”。understanding指“理解”；uncertainty指“不确定”；expression指“表达”；agreement指“同意；一致”。
4. D。全文主要讲解了关于面部表情的建议，所以D正确。“如何有效地与人交流”、“如何让别人更能理解自己的意思”、“提醒你要尊敬面试者”都不是本文的主要意思。
四、语法填空
（1）
1. whose。whose引导定语从句修饰前面的名词the ancient people，且在从句中作定语。
2. however。因此句与上个句子在句意上是转折关系，且有逗号隔开，填however。
3. what。what引导宾语从句，what表示“……的东西”。
4. under/beneath/in。表示“在水下”用under/beneath都可以。in the water 在水里。
5. a。第一次提到，填a，修饰building。
6. unless。根据上下文句意，此处需要填“如果……不”，所以填unless。
7. have put。根据上下文可知，科学家已经提出了提出一种观点……
8. similarity/similarities。因为because of后接名词或代词，填similar的名词similarity（不可数名词）或similarities（具体的相似之处）。
9. they。用they指代上文的the research team的具体成员，作主语。
10. starting。start作a meeting的非限制性定语，补充说明a meeting。“会议开始”是主动关系，用动词-ing形式。
（2）
1. it。it是形式主语，代替后面where引导的从句。句意：一些人认为你在所有孩子中第几个出生很重要。
2. who。用who引导非限制性定语从句，代替that oldest children在从句中作主语。
3. to succeed。sb. + be likely to do sth. 某人可能会做某事。
4. for。the reason for…是固定搭配，意为“……的原因”。
5. the。the same 同一个。same通常与the连用。
6. other。第一段讲述了第一个孩子和独生子的情况，而第二段要说的是其他孩子，包括中间和最小的孩子，所以填other（其他的）。
7. however/though。此句与上一句子是转折关系，而且放在句中，可以用however或though（然而）。
8. differently。此句中saw后接宾语things，后面填形容词作宾语补足语，说明things的特点，相当于things are quite different。
9. their。主语They的物主代词their。句意：他们在“他们的”生活中没有很多机会。
10. followed。follow orders 听从命令。
五、书面表达
Dear Chairman,
I’m writing to you with reference to the project that helps the children in poor areas, and I want to apply for it.
First, I’ll introduce myself to you. I’m Li Ming, a Senior Two student at Ming Qi Middle School. I’m a student of good character and fine scholarship. I’m ready to help others in daily life. I think this project will offer me an opportunity to help more children.
If I succeed in applying for it, first and foremost, I’ll keep in touch with the poor children frequently by writing letters, emails or meeting face to face; in the meanwhile, I’ll communicate with them not only in life but also in studies, and get to know more about them and help them in every aspect; last but not least, I’ll help them acquire a correct outlook on life, helping them exploit knowledge to change their fortune.
Taking the project fund into account, I’ll divide it into three parts. One part is used for their tuition and books; another part is for their daily life and the last part is for enriching their hobbies, aiming to help them develop in an all-round way.
Such is my plan about the project. I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming