北师大版高中英语模块7 Unit 19 Language 语言点（2）

Unit 19 Language 语言点（2）
学习目标
重点词汇
prefer, while, congratulate, resemble, merely, offence, approval// regardless of,
offer, embarrass, focus, case
重点短语
on purpose, be aware of, provided that, be involved in, to put it simply
重点句型
pat sb. on the +身体
sb. / sth. + be said + to do
of +抽象名词
知识讲解
重点词汇
prefer
【原句回放】I know this is unusual, but after the long flight I’d prefer not to go on with the group. 我知道这很少有，但在长久的飞行之后，我不想再和小组一起活动了。
【点拨】prefer vt. 更喜欢，宁愿
常用搭配：
prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A （A、B为动词时，用-ing形式）
prefer A rather than B 与B相比更喜欢A
prefer to do ... rather than do ... 与做……相比，更喜欢做……（than后不加to居多）
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
prefer to do/ doing sth. 更喜欢做某事
Even on holidays, she preferred reading to doing nothing.
即使在假期，她宁愿读书，而不愿闲着。
These workers preferred to work extra hours at night rather than leave the work until the next week. 这些工人们宁愿晚上加班干，也不愿意把工作留到下星期。
Would you prefer me to stay? 你更想让我留下吗？
【拓展】preference n. [U] 偏爱，喜爱；[C] 偏爱的东西
常用搭配：
preference for sth. 对……有偏好
Many people expressed a strong preference for apples.
许多人表示更喜欢吃苹果。
He is interested in the study of consumer preferences.
他对研究顾客偏好有兴趣。
while
【原句回放】If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on? 如果你看到了一个父亲愉快地微笑着拍他儿子的背，你会认为发生了什么事情？
【点拨】while conj. 常引导状语从句，有多种意思：
1. 表示“在……期间，当……时候”，从句谓语多为延续性动词，且常用进行时态。
Please don’t talk so loud while others are working.
别人工作时，不要高声谈话。
注意：当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且谓语含有be的某种形式时,从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。
While listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
她在听收音机时睡着了。
While in London, he studied music and painting.
在伦敦时,他学习音乐和绘画。
2. 表示“尽管，虽然”。
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对他们很严格。
3. 意为“而,然而”，表前后意义上的对比或转折。与but相比，while更强调两者的对比。
There’s plenty of rain in the southeast, while there’s little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。
4. 表示“只要”。
While there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
congratulate
【原句回放】You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well, maybe passing an exam or winning a race. 你可能认为父亲在祝贺儿子某事做得好，也许是通过考试或者赢得比赛。
【点拨】congratulate vt. 祝贺，庆贺，恭喜
常用搭配：
congratulate sb on (doing) sth. 祝贺某人某事
congratulate yourself on sth. 感到自豪；暗自庆幸
I want to congratulate you with all my heart on your passing the college entrance examination.
我衷心地祝贺你通过高考。
Well, congratulate yourself that you resisted the temptation.
嗨！庆贺你抵住了诱惑。
【拓展1】辨析：celebrate和 congratulate
1. congratulate指对个人经过努力获得的成功，只以言语表达祝贺之意；
2. celebrate 指以行为(如送礼、开聚会等)来庆祝生日、节日等。
3. congratulate 的宾语一般是人，而celebrate 的宾语一般是事件。
【拓展2】congratulation n. 恭贺；祝贺（当面祝贺时多用复数）；贺词（多用复数）
常用搭配：congratulations to sb. on sth. 向某人祝贺……
Congratulations! 祝贺你！
Congratulations to you on winning the prize! 祝贺你获奖！
resemble
【原句回放】They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human. 他们也可能交叉手臂，走起路来像机器人一样笨拙。
【点拨】resemble vt. 像；与……相似（不可用于被动语态和进行时态）
常用搭配：resemble sb./sth. in... 在某方面与某人/某物相似
She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.
她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。
They resemble each other in shape but not in colour.
它们的形状相似，但颜色不同。
【拓展】表示“和……一样”的类似表达：
be similar to sb. in sth. 与某人在某方面相似
be the same as sb. in sth. 与某人在某方面一样
have sth. in commom with... 与……有共同之处
be/look like 看起来像
merely
【原句回放】Merely by uncrossing your arms, you will look more confident. 只要双臂不交叉，你看上去就会更自信。
【点拨】merely adv. 只不过，仅仅
I merely looked at the chocolate but I did not eat it.
我只不过看了看那块巧克力，但我没有吃。
They are not merely content to fill the stomach.
他们不仅仅满足于填饱肚子。
He not merely (=only) speaks English frequently but also writes good compositions.
他不但英语说得流利，而且作文也写得好。
【拓展】only adv. 仅仅，只不过，只是
offence
【原句回放】Unlike in America where this sign means everything is fine, in Germany, this gesture can cause offence. 在美国这个手势表示一切顺利，可是在德国，它却带着冒犯的意思。
【点拨】offence n.冒犯；得罪；违法行为 (美语拼法：offense)
常用搭配：cause/give offence得罪，使伤感情
mean no offence并无冒犯之意，不要见怪
Don’t be upset by what he said, he meant no offence.
不要为他的话心烦，他没有冒犯你的意思。
The problem was how to get rid of her without causing offence.
问题是怎样摆脱她而又不得罪她。
Drunken driving is a serious offence.
醉驾是一种违法行为。
【拓展】offend v. 冒犯；得罪
He was offended at my remarks.
他被我的话激怒了。
approval// regardless of
【原句回放】Regardless of these differences, experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval—the smile. 尽管存在差异，世界各地的专家们却一直认为，有一种身体语言在全世界都得到认可——微笑。
【点拨1】approval n. 赞同，批准 (反义词 disapproval)
常用搭配：
meet with sb.’s approval得到某人的赞许，得到某人的认可
give/grant approval批准
on approval (商品) 包退，不满意可退换
The audience showed their approval by cheering loudly.
观众高声喝彩表示赞许。
The new proposals have won the approval of the board.
新建议得到董事会的认可。
We bought our new furniture on approval.
我们买的是可以包退包换的新家具。
【拓展】approve vt. 批准；通过 vi. 赞成，赞同 （常与of连用，不用于进行时）
The mayor approved the new building plans.
市长批准了新建筑计划。
My parents don’t approve of me smoking cigarettes.
我父母不赞成我吸烟。
【点拨2】regardless of 不管，不顾
He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’s feelings.
他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的感受。
offer
【原句回放】A useful overview of different English varieties is also offered. 也提供了相当有用的不同种类英语的概述。
【点拨】offer v. & n. (主动)提出，出价
常用搭配： offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 提供给某人某物
offer sb. to do sth. 主动（提出）做某事
They offered me a good job in London. 他们在伦敦给我提供了一份好工作。
The old man offered 300,000 yuan for my new house. 那位老人出价30万买我的房子。
He offered to help me with my English. 他主动帮我学习英语。
I’ve had an offer of $20,000 for the car. 有人出价两万美元要买我那辆车。
embarrass
【原句回放】I was so embarrassed. 我好尴尬。
【点拨】embarrass vt. 使尴尬；使发窘
The reporter embarrassed the singer with a difficult question.
记者出了个难题，使得这位歌手很尴尬。
【拓展】embarrassed adj. 感到尴尬的，感到难堪的（指人的感觉）
embarrassing adj. 使人尴尬的，使人难堪的（指事物的性质）
I don’t like making speeches in public; it’s so embarrassing.
我不喜欢当众讲话，那让人难为情。
Shy and embarrassed, the boy rushed out of the room.
又羞又窘，男孩跑出了房间。
focus
【原句回放】The curriculum focuses on English language skills used in business meetings and in areas such as marketing and advertising. 这门课程主要讲述关于商业会议以及像营销、广告这些领域的英语语言技巧。
【点拨】focus v.（使）特别注意，集中注意力于……（常与on连用）
常用搭配：focus (one’s attention, etc.) on... 把（某人的注意力等）集中在……
We must focus our attention on the question of reducing costs．
我们必须把注意力集中到降低成本这个问题上。
She focused her mind on her lessons．
她把她的心思都集中在学习上。
This year our meeting focuses on the question of children’s rights．
今年，我们的会议中心议题是儿童的权益。
case
【原句回放】...but it was acknowledged that his case was different. ……但是人们也认识到乔治的情况有所不同。
【点拨】case n. 情形，病例，案例，事例
In some cases, prices had gone up by 38 cents a gallon.
有几次每加仑的价格上涨了38美分。
Will you please give us a case where the word can be used?
请你举一个这个单词使用的实例好吗？
【拓展】含case的短语：
in case 假使，以防万一 in case of 如果；万一
in any case 无论如何，总之 in no case 决不
in the case of 就……来说 in this/ that case 既然这/那样
as is often the case 这是常见的事
“Well, in that case, I would prefer to stay on the bus,” I answered.
“哦，那样的话，我更愿意留在公交车上。”我回答。
Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 带顶帽子吧，以防太阳太晒。
重点短语
on purpose
【原句回放】People often use body language on purpose. 人们经常有意使用身体语言。
【点拨】on purpose故意的，有意的（反义短语：by accident/by chance/accidently 偶然地）
Jack’s been really annoying me and I think he is doing it on purpose.
杰克一直让我很烦，我想他是故意那样干的。
He knocked the old man down on purpose.
他故意撞到了那位老人。
I came here on purpose to see you.
我特意来这儿看你。
【拓展】含purpose的短语
for the purpose of... 为了……的目的
with the purpose of... 带着……的目的
serve one’s/the purpose 适合要求；令人满意
be aware of
【原句回放】Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool. 学会意识到你的身体语言可以是一种非常有用的工具。
【点拨】be/ become aware of 意识到，注意到，明白
We should always be aware of what we are doing at any time．
我们任何时候都应该注意我们正做的事。
You should make him aware of the effects of his actions.
你应该让他明白他的所作所为造成的后果。
【拓展】aware adj. 知道的，明白的，意识到的
Are you aware that they don’t get along well with each other?
你意识到他们相处不怎么好吗？
provided that
【原句回放】You say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance. 你说如果我提前付款可以打折。
【点拨】provided (that) 如果，只要（引导一个条件状语从句）
注意：providing that 也表示“只要，倘若”。
Provided (that) there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
如果没人反对，我们就在这里开会。
I will go, provided/providing (that) you go too.
只要你去，我就去。
【拓展】类似同义表达：
as/so long as只要 on condition that...如果 given that 考虑到，假如
suppose/supposing (that) 如果，假如(常用于问句)
Supposing you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?
假设你明天丢掉了工作，你会怎么办？
Given that there was so little time, I think they have done a good job.
由于时间很少，我认为他们做得很好。
be involved in
【原句回放】But I was so involved in the story that I didn’t want to stop to check its meaning. 但我深深地被那个故事吸引，以至于我不想停下来去查它的意思。
【点拨】 be/get involved in牵涉在内的，卷入……的
I don’t want to get involved in your quarrel.
我不想卷入你们的争吵。
Some government officials were involved in the bribery.
一些政府官员被卷入这起受贿案。
【拓展】involve的其他用法：
be involved with sb./sth. 与某人/某事有牵连/ 有关
involve doing... 需要做……
involve sb. in sth. 把某人牵涉到……中，把某人卷入……
involve oneself in... 参与到……中
He was involved with the robbery.
他与那起抢劫案有关。
to put it simply
【原句回放】To put it simply, if you want to be a success in the business world, you need a high level of English competence. 简单地说，要想在商业界取得成功，你就需要有相当强的英语能力。
【点拨】to put it simply 简言之 （在句中作插入语）
注意：put在此意为“说，讲”。
To put it simply, it is impolite to ask a woman’s age in my country.
简言之，在我们国家问一位女子年龄是不礼貌的。
To put it simply, speaking in public is a challenge for a lot of people.
简言之，在公开场合发言对许多人来说是一个挑战。
The boy put it this way, “The music takes me away to another world, where there is no hate, death or dirt.” 男孩儿说：“音乐把我带到另一个世界，那儿没有恨、死亡和肮脏。”
【拓展】常用插入语
to put it another way 用另一种方式说；换句话说 to put it mildly 往轻处说
to sum up 总之 to be brief简而言之
to be frank坦白地说 to be exact说得确切些
to be honest老实说 to begin/start with 首先
重点句型
pat sb. on the +身体部位
【原句回放】If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily, what would you think was going on? 如果你看到一位父亲高兴地微笑着轻拍他儿子的背，你认为发生了什么事？
【点拨】pat sb. on the +身体部位 轻拍某人的……
表示拍打某人身体的某个部位时，常用句型：“strike / hit / beat / pat sb in / on the ＋身体部位”。打较坚硬的部位介词一般用on，较软部位用in。“身体部位”前用the，而不用物主代词。
The headmaster patted the pupil on the shoulder.
校长轻轻地拍了拍那个学生的肩膀。
He hit me on the nose.
他打了我的鼻子。
【拓展】grasp / catch / lead sb. by the ＋身体部位 抓住、牵着某人的……
She grasped/led the boy by the hand.
她紧紧抓住/牵着小男孩的手。
sb. / sth. + be said + to do
【原句回放】The numbers of Galapagos tortoises are said to have begun their decline... 据说加拉帕戈斯龟的数量已开始变少……
【点拨】sb. / sth. + be said + to do据说某人/某物做……
注意：
1. 此句型中said还可以用believed，reported，hoped等过去分词代替；
2. 如果to do表示的动作在谓语动词be said之前发生，要用不定式的完成时to have done；
3. 如果强调to do正在进行，可以用to be doing。
He is said to be the founder of modern astronomy.
他被誉为现代天文学的奠基人。
Mary is said to be writing a new novel these days.
据说玛丽这些日子在写一部新的小说。
Some people were reported to have seen Unidentified Flying Objects.
据报道，有人看见了不明飞行物。
【拓展】此句型还可以与句型：It is said that …互相转换。
据说她是个演员。
It is said that she works as an actress.
She is said to work as an actress.
of +抽象名词
【原句回放】This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality. 足够量的语音输入可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。
【点拨】
1. of + 抽象名词 =抽象名词的同根形容词
注意：
1) 此结构中的抽象名词，常用value, importance, use, significance, benefit, interest等；
2) 抽象名词前，可以加修饰词little, some, any, no, great, much等表示某种程度。
如： value valuable
be of great (much) importance = be very important
use useful
They realize that it is of great value to record and teach the language to the younger generation.
他们认识到把这些语言记录下来，传给他们的下一代是很有价值的。
As this testing method is of no importance, we will not discuss it once again.
由于这种测试方法不重要，我们将不再讨论了。
2. of＋wealth/education/courage/achievement/ability/quality等（表示人的特点、特性）
Your sister is a girl of wisdom. 你妹妹是一位有智慧的女孩。
3. be of +size/ age/ colour/ type/ weight/ height/ width/ depth 结构
注意：
of后常可接a/ an/ the same/ different等，且“of the same +名词”作表语时，of常可省略。
The two children are (of) the same age.（=The two children are of an age.）
这两个孩子年龄相同。
All the figures are of different facial expressions.
所有的人物面部表情都不一样。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. Please accept my warmest _____________ (祝贺).
2. He felt __________(尴尬) by his lack of money when his friend asked for help.
3. They are not likely to ______ (达到) this aim.
4. That was _______ (仅仅) a guess of mine.
5. She was not beautiful; she did not _________ (像) her mother.
6. I am sorry; I intended no _______ (冒犯) when I said that.
7. His works won the enthusiastic _______ (赞许) of his readers.
8. She nodded and her attention was _______ (集中) again on her book.
9. They were given the _______ (优先权) whenever there was a little job to do.
10. His thorough knowledge and ________ (能力) were recognized.
二、完成句子
1. Coal ______ _______ ________ __________ (相当重要的) to the development of industry.
2. __________ ___________ (假如) we get support from them, we will win the match.
3. I came here for nothing else but to see you _______ ________ (特地).
4. You can take the book away ________ ________ ________ (只要) you return it before Friday.
5. They ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (集中全部注意力) finding a solution to the problem.
6. The two boys are of an age, but are _______ ________ _________ (身高不同).
7.______ _______ _______ _______ (简而言之), the new proposals mean that the average workers will be about 10% better paid.
8. All the children in my group were _______ _______ (参与) the school play.
三、单项选择
1. —John and I will celebrate our fortieth wedding anniversary next month.
—Oh, ________！
A．cheer up B．well done C．go ahead D．congratulations
2. Forgive him, please. I don’t think he broke your mirror________.
A．with care B．on purpose C．for fun D．with aim
3. ________ apple fell from the tree and hit a passer-by right on ________ head.
A．An; the B．The; the C．An; 不填 D．The; 不填
4. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Wang Meng, who was reported ________ the world record in women’s 500m short track speed skating.
A．breaking B．having broken C．to have broken D．to break
5. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ________ said errors like this could be avoided.
A．merely B．mostly C．rarely D．nearly
6. Too high house prices can be brought under control, ________ the authorities introduce a series of regulatory policies.
A．even if B．as if C．so that D．provided that
7. You will find this map of great ______ in helping you to get around London.
A．price B．cost C．value D．usefulness
8. Bob ______ his mother in appearance and his father in character.
A．looks B．resembles C．equals D．compares
9. It is ________ that our streets are so dirty. It is time to do something.
A．embarrassment B．embarrassed C．embarrassing D．embarrass
10. The professor _________ giving lectures to students ________ invited to meetings at times.
A. preferred; to being B. preferred; rather than
C. preferred; than being D. preferred; to be
11. —Do you have any problems if you ______ this job?
— Well, I’m thinking about the salary….
A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered
12. English is understood all over the world ______ Turkish is only spoken by a few people outside Turkey.
A. when B. where C. and D. while
13. ________the weather，the sports meet will be held on time.
A．Instead of B．In relation to C．Regardless of D．In favor of
14. Leave your key with a neighbor ________ you lock yourself out one day.
A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case
15. Just as Professor Scotti often ________ it, success is ninety-nine percent mental attitude.
A. gets B. makes C. puts D. means
16. As I said before, we need to _______ the customers and their needs.
A. focus on B. fix on C. rely on D. depend on
17. In this section, we will briefly describe possible ways of reducing the costs and risks______ in doing this.
A. involving B. involved C. to involve D. being involved
18. Mum has always made me ________ my skin problem and encouraged me to use the cream.
A. aware of B. compared to C. familiar with D. accustomed to
19. --This free gift doesn’t look good.
-- _________, madam, but if you want good quality, you have to pay for it.
A. No problem B. No doubt C. No offence D. No way
20. It is just three months since we received official ___________ to go ahead with the project.
A. approach B. approval C. architecture D. arch
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. congratulations 2. embarrassed 3. attain 4. merely 5. resemble
6. offence 7. approval 8. focused 9. preference 10. competence
二、完成句子
1. is of great importance 2. Provided that 3. on purpose 4. as/so long as
5. focused all their attention on 6. of different height 7. To put it simply 8. involved in
三、单项选择
1. D。考查交际用语。当面表示祝贺用congratulations。cheer up“高兴起来；振作起来”； well done“干得好”，表示夸赞； go ahead“开始吧”。
2. B。句意：请原谅他吧，我认为他不是故意把你的镜子打碎的。on purpose 故意的；with care 小心地；for fun 为了好玩。
3. A。考查冠词。前面是泛指一个苹果，故用不定冠词an；后面考查句型“hit sb on the＋身体部位”，故用定冠词the。
4. C。考查句型“sb./ sth.＋be believed/ reported/...＋ to do / to be doing / to have done”。根据题意可知“王蒙打破纪录”这一动作已发生，故用动词不定式的完成时。
5. A。考查副词。mostly“大部分地；通常地”；nearly＝almost“几乎”； rarely“很少地；几乎不”； merely“仅仅；只不过”。句意：我并没有责怪任何人，我只是说类似这样的错误是可以避免的。
6. D。句意：假如政府引入一系列控制政策，高房价可以得到控制。even if“即使”； as if“好像”；so that“因此”；provided that“假如”。
7. C。be of great value＝be very valuable 很有价值；表示“有用的”，应该是of use（=useful），而表示“无用的”，用of no use（=useless）。
8. B。resemble sb. in... 在……方面与某人相似。equal 相等的；compare 比较。
9. C。句意：我们的街道这么脏，真叫人难堪。此句中的It为形式主语，is后面要填形容词表示“街道”的特点，且表示“令人难堪的”，所以选C。
10. A。prefer的固定搭配：prefer to do rather than do和prefer doing to doing。根据句子所给的部分可知应该用prefer doing to doing。句意：这位教授更愿意给学生做报告，而不愿不时地被请去开会。
11. C。offer（主动）提供，给予，提出；“你”是被“给予”工作，应该用被动语态。
12. D。while在此句中表示对比，意为“而，却”。句意：全世界的人都懂英语，而土耳其语在土耳其之外只有很少的人会说。
13. C。考查短语辨析。句意：不管(regardless of)天气怎样，运动会将按时举行。其他各项instead of(代替，而不是)；in relation to(与……相关)；in favor of(赞成)，均不符合句意。
14. D。句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居以防哪天你忘了带钥匙进不了门。根据句意可知此处要表示“以防万一”，所以选in case；ever since 自……以来；even if 即使；soon after 在……之后不久。
15. C。句意：正如Scotti教授常说的一样，成功99%靠得是的心态。put作“说，讲”，符合题意。
16. A。句意：正如我前面所说的，我们需要把重点放在顾客以及他们的需求上。focus on 集中注意力于；fix on 确定，决定；rely on和depend on都是“依靠”的意思。
17. B。固定搭配be involved in... 参与……，卷入……；与……有关；本句中使用involved in doing this来修饰前面的名词risks，相当于which is involved in doing this。句意：在这个部分，我们主要描述了降低成本的方法和这样做的有关的危险。
18. A。aware of 意识到；compared to 被比作；familiar with 熟悉；accustomed to 习惯于……的。句意：妈妈总是让我认识到我的皮肤问题，鼓励我用面霜。
19. C。对于前面的抱怨，答话的人说“请不要见怪，女士，如果你想要好的质量，就不得不付钱呀。”所以选C，no offence 表示“请勿见怪，并无恶意”，符合题意。No doubt 意思是“无疑地”，语气强，似乎有毛病是应该的，不合题意；no problem 没问题，不麻烦；no way 绝对不行。
20. B。句意：只用三个月我们就得到了正式批准进行这个工程。official approval 官方的批准；approach 方法，途径；architecture 建筑式样，建筑学；arch 弓形，拱门。