Unit 4 Global warming Useful words and expressions 课件（共46张PPT）

(共46张PPT)
Revision
Useful phrases
1. depend on
2. use … for …
3. consume energy
4. run out
5. heat up
6. compared to …
7. come about
8. rather than
依靠
把……用于
消耗能量
用尽，耗尽
加热
与……相比
发生
而不是
9. subscribe to
10. be due to
11. small amounts of
12. huge quantities of
13. result in
14. be opposed to
15. build up
16. even if
17. keep on
同意，赞成
因为，由于
少量的
大量
导致，结果是
反对
逐渐增加
即使
继续
Read and say the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence.
1. … is due to the burning of fossil fuels like
coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy.
2. All aircraft must fuel before flight.
3. The fire soon warmed the room.
4. The day was warm and cloudless.
5. It means that more heat energy tends to
be trapped in the atmosphere …
6. You’d better tend to your own affairs.
7. The current trend is towards informal
clothing. 8. The road trends to the north.
9. Ice is water in a solid state.
10. The witness stated that she had never
seen Mr. Smith.
11. I subscribed my name to the document.
12. He subscribed a large sum to the local
charity.
13. I subscribed to several magazines.
Make a list of the things that consume energy
in your home, …
consume v. 消耗，花费；吃完
Each year Americans consume a high percentage of the world’s energy.
She consumed most of her time in reading.
The kids soon consumed all the food on the table.
consumer n. 消费者；顾客；用户
be consumed with 因……而变得憔悴，
给……弄得心劳神疲
Don’t be consumed with uncertain pain and anger.

consume away 消耗掉； 憔悴； 枯萎
凋谢
She consumed away with grief.
2. … but it is a rapid increase when compared to other natural changes.
compared to 相当于compared with，表示“与……相比”
Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to see if they are right.
My handwriting can not be compared with my father’s.
compare…to… 表示“把……比做……”，
是异类相比
Man’s life is often compared do a candle. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
compared to / with “与……相比”，常作状语
Compared to/with many women, she was indeed very fortunate.
1). 毛主席把青年人比作早晨的太阳。
Chairman?Mao?compared?the?young?
people?to?the?morning?sun.??
2). 与波士顿相比，洛杉矶大。
Los?Angeles?is?large,?compared?to /?with
?Boston.?
3). 把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比较，你就会发现它们之间的区别。
Compare this car with that one, and you will find the differences between them．
[小试身手]
3. How has this come about and does it
matter?
come about “发生，造成”，相当于happen
When Mother woke up, she didn’t know what had come about.
I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
Do you know how the air accident came about?
come 的常用短语
come up 上升，靠近，升职，提及
come out 出现，显露，出版，发表，结果是
come up with 提出，想出
come to 总计；苏醒；复原
come across 碰到，遇到，无意中发现
come down下降，潦倒，流传
come along 一道走
come through 经历，脱险，安然度过
come with 伴随 ... 发生
come from 来自，起源于
1. — Have you ____________ some new ideas?
— Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
2. How did the accident ___________?
3. How did you manage to _____________ the Second World War?
4. I ____________ this book in an old bookstore in London.
[小试身手]
come up with
come about
come through
came across
4. There is no doubt that …
毫无疑问 …
There is no doubt that we will be successful.
There is no doubt that he is qualified for the job.
类似的句型有：
There is no use (in) doing …
There is no point (in) doing …
There is no need to do …
一、 doubt作不可数名词，意思是“疑惑；怀疑”
①肯定句中doubt多接whether (一般不用if代替) 同位语从句。如:
There’s some doubt whether he'll keep his promise.
She had her doubts whether the new book would sell well.
②否定句中doubt多接that同位语从句。如:
There is no doubt that they will ask you for help.
I have no doubt that you will succeed.
二、doubt可作及物动词，作“怀疑；不能肯定；不大相信”解，一般不用进行时态。
①用于否定句或疑问句，后接that引导的宾语 从句。如：
I don’t doubt that he is telling the truth.
Do you doubt that he will win the match?
②用于肯定句，一般接whether 或if引导的宾语从句。如：
I doubt whether / if we will make a profit out of it.
We doubt whether / if she will be persuaded.
… and that it is human activity that has
caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.
it is human activity that has caused this
global warming …是强调句型。
rather than (而不是)连接的并列成分可以是名
词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分
句、不定式、动词等。
She is a career woman rather than a housewife.
She enjoys singing rather than dancing.
but 在这里是副词，意思是“仅仅”，相当于only。
It took her but a few days to learn it.
He’s still but a child.
He left but an hour ago.
but构成的一些短语：
① but for 表示“要不是”(句子谓语用虚拟语气)
But for your help, I couldn’t have completed my work.
② “can’t but +动词原形”表示“不得不”
I can’t but admire his bravery.
③ “do nothing but+动词原形”表示“只是…”
He did nothing but cry.
④ “have no choice but + to do”表示“除…之外别无选择，不得不…”
We had no choice but to wait.
6. All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth’s temperature is due to ...
subscribe to 同意；赞成；订阅；捐助
No one but mad people would subscribe to such views.
Do you subscribe to her view of the state of the economy?
Which newspaper do you subscribe to?
He subscribed a large sum to the relief fund.
agree, consent, approve, comply, subscribe
这些动词均含“同意、赞同”之意。
agree: 普通用词，侧重指对某事同其他人有相同的意见或想法。
Do you agree with me about the need for more schools?
consent: 指同意别人的请求、建议或满足他人的愿望，着重意愿或感情，常和to连用。
Her father reluctantly consented to the marriage.
approve: 侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示赞同或批准。作不及物动词用时，常与of连用。
We can’t approve of this sort of thing
subscribe: 指完全地赞成已阐明的立场。多用于比较愿意支持一种立场或为一种立场所辩护的情况。
7. The problem begins when we add huge
quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.
quantity n. 量，数量，大量
This company is more concerned with quality than with quantity.
The factory turns out a large quantity of paper products.
quantities of 大量的，许多……
in large quantities 大量地 (常修饰动词)
a large quantity of / large quantities of 表示“大量的……” ，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。
注意：以此短语为主语的主谓一致的情况。
a large quantity of 接可数名词的复数形式做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，其后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式；而large quantities of无论后面接的可数名词复数还是不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。
1) There ______ only a small quantity of wine left.
只剩下很少一点酒了。
2) Large quantities of clothes and food ______ provided for the earthquake areas.
向地震灾区提供了大量的衣物和食品。
3) The government has been buying silver ______ ______ __________.
政府一直在购进大量白银。
Fill in the blanks.
is
are
in great quantities
[小试身手]
1). 大量的啤酒被售出。

2). 大量夹克衫有售。

3). 桌子上有许多食品。

4). 图书馆里的藏书数量惊人。
Translate the following sentences into English.
A large quantity of beer was sold out.
A large quantity of blouses were on sale.
Quantities of food were on the table.
The quantity of books in the library is amazing.
quantity, amount, number, sum这些名词均有“总数、总量”之意。
quantity: 书面用词，指事物的总量和总数量，侧重大批计量，含准确测量的意味。
amount: 普通用词，与quantity近义，但强调整体，指把所有数量、重量及度量归并在一起得出的总数。
number: 普通用词，指人或物的数目，强调数的概念。
sum: 普通用词，指简单加算的结果
8. … that has resulted in this increase in
carbon dioxide.
result in 结果；致使；导致
Acting before thinking always results in failure.
The accident resulted in the death of two people.
Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.
近义词/ 短语有：cause, bring about, lead to
result from 起于，由于，由……引起
His illness resulted from bad food.
His sickness resulted from eating too much.
近义短语有： arise from
[知识链接]
1). 我们仍在处理因过去的错误所引起的问题。
We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the past.
2).他的失败主要是懒惰所致。
His failure resulted largely from his laziness.
3). 这次事故造成十人死亡。
The accident resulted in ten deaths.
[小试身手]
9. … who are opposed to this view, …
oppose v. 反对，反抗，使对立
opposed adj. 反对的；对立的
Father does not oppose the idea at all.
It was courageous of him to oppose his chief.
I am opposed to going shopping with others.
oppose sth. / doing sth. / sb. doing sth. 反对某事/做某事/某人做某事
oppose sth. to / against sth. 使某事物与另一事物对照或对抗
be opposed to ... 反对……；与……对立
[知识链接]
He _________ the proposal to build a new hall.
他反对修建新礼堂的建议。
2) Do not ______ your will _________ mine.
不要用你的意愿和我的相抗衡。
3) She seems very much ______ ______ your going abroad.
她好像很反对你出国。
Fill in the blanks.
opposed
oppose against
opposed to
[小试身手]
object, oppose, resist, protest这些动词均含“反对”之意。
object: 多指因厌恶或反感而反对，但不一定明显地表露出来。
oppose: 普通用词，含义广，语气强于object。多指反对一些较重大的事，隐含其正当性。
resist: 指用力量或意志抵抗、制止对方的入侵或诱惑、影响等。
protest: 一般指通过言语或文字或行为表示出的强烈抗议、反对。
10. Greenhouse gases continue to build up in
the atmosphere.
build up 逐步建立，增加
I’m very glad to see that your vocabulary is gradually building up.

Where is the capital going to come from to build up the phone systems?
Eventually, these books will build up into a fine library.
build up one’s fortune
build up one’s strength
build up the business
积累财富
养精蓄锐
扩大/发展生意
11. Even if we start reducing the amount of
carbon dioxide and other greenhouse
gases, the climate is going to keep on
warming for decades or centuries.
even if 即使，虽然 (=even though)
Even if it will take me six weeks, I am determined to finish the job.
Even if you saw him pick up the money, you can't be sure he stole it.
Even if I were rich, I would work.
The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports actives, ____________ they have the interest.
句意：“工程师们都很忙，他们没有时间进行户外运动，即使他们有这样的兴趣”。
[小试身手]
even if
keep on 继续 (接连，反复，继续)
He kept on phoning me, but I really didn’t want to talk to him．
He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.
keep doing可表示连续不断的动作或持续的状态，keep on doing则没有这种用法。
We kept working in the fields in spite of the rain.
Why do the dogs keep barking?
Some byproducts of this process are called
“greenhouse” gases, the most important one being carbon dioxide.
the most important one being carbon dioxide 是一个独立主格结构，由“名词+分词”构成，在句中做状语，补充说明。
The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.
独立主格结构还可以由“名词或代词主格 + adj. / adv. / to do / prep. phrase/ v-ing / p.p.” 构成。
1). ________________ (时间允许的话), I will
show you around the city.
2). _____________________ (今天是星期天), I
don’t have to go to work.
3). ______________________________ (没有
人要说的话), the meeting was closed.
Time permitting
Today being Sunday
Nobody having any more to say
[小试身手]
2. Without the ‘green house effect’, the earth
would be about thirty-three degrees Celsius
cooler than it is.
这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，假设的情况通过介词短语without…表示。类似用法的词或短语有but, but for, but that, otherwise, or等。
Without your help ( = If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded．
But for the note you left, I would have forgotten to close the door.
A rainbow is one of the most beautiful __________ (现象) of nature.
2. The researchers have collected lots of _____ (资料) about the quality of the air.
3. The government is taking measures to fight against air _________ (污染).
4. The price of fruits and vegetables has
remained _______ (稳定的) this year.
Write the correct words.
phenomena
data
pollution
steady
5. The blue whale is known to be the largest
animal in ________ (存在).
6. There’s a growing t________ for people to
work at home instead of in offices.
7. Such a mistake may lead to c___________
you can’t even imagine.
8. They’ve had a serious d___________ — one
group is for the plan, and the other against it.
9. Large q________ of rain are collected in the
lakes here every summer.
existence
endency
onsequences
isagreement
uantities
result in, come about, keep on, go up,
compare ... to, subscribe to, build up,
He ___________ laughing even after everyone else had fallen silent.
2. Shakespeare once _________ the world __ a stage.
3. Stress and exhaustion usually _______ ?a lack of concentration.
kept on
compared to
result in
Complete the sentences with phrases from the box.
result in, come about, keep on, go up,
compare ... to, subscribe to, build up,
4. To be honest, I don’t _______ _____ what
he wrote in his article.
5. How did it ___________ that he knew
where we were?
6. Eventually, these books will ________ into
a fine library.
7. Unemployment has ________ again.
come about
build up
gone up
subscribe to