课件8张PPT。 如果在课堂上学习英语的时间有限，那么在课余时间我们还可以通过哪些方法免费学习英语呢？一起了解一下吧！
Learn to Speak Fluent English for Free话题语篇导读 Learning a new language can be challenging，but it doesn't have to be expensive.Active English speakers can learn the English language fluently for little or no cost.Make use of books，television，the Internet and personal contact，you can speak fluent English for completely free.
1．Put yourself in an English－speaking environment.This will allow you to be more continually exposed to the language.If you are not able to move your physical self，take a more convenient way.Telephones and the Internet can be great ways to put yourself in the English language. 2．Get English reading materials from your local library. Books on the English language can be costly，but your local library will allow you to use them for free.
3．Using online teaching resources is another free means. Many websites are dedicated1 entirely to free English language instruction.Ideally，look for websites that have all kinds of materials，including both instructional and practice materials.
4．Practice speaking and writing English with others. Learning languages is an interactive process2，and learning with others allows the development of speaking，listening and understanding. As well，a study partner can encourage you. 5．The Internet can be an excellent means of finding free resources or meeting English speakers.Go on forums3 and chat rooms dedicated to active English speakers and join in conversation.Having friendships with English speakers can also make you want to learn the language and can make the process seem much easier and funnier. 6．Experience as many media in the English language as possible.The more books，movies，television shows and music you expose yourself to，the more familiar you will become with how the English language sounds and is used in all kinds of settings.This will also help you learn spoken English expressions that you might not be exposed to through school education.Spoken expressions are an important part of fluency in any language.C．Meet English speakers from the Internet.
D．Borrow free English materials from a local library.
E．Learn from the media in the English language.
F．Put yourself in an English－speaking environment.
G．Learning a new language doesn't have to be expensive.
答案 1.G 2.F 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.E课件60张PPT。Period One Warm－up & Lesson 1 Language LearningⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ n．流利度，流畅度
__________ adj.流畅的，流利的
__________ adv.流畅地，流利地
2．__________ adj.王室的，皇家的
3．__________ v．折叠；交叉
4．__________ n．趋势，倾向
5．__________ n．缺乏；缺席
__________ adj.缺席的，不在场的fluency
fluent
fluently
royal
fold
trend
absence
absent6．__________ n．(语言)习得
7．__________ vt.达到；获得
8．__________ vt.环绕，围绕
9．__________ adj.足够的，充分的
10．__________ n．媒介物；渠道
11．__________ vt.确保，保证
12．__________ vi.&vt.加速
13．__________ vt.保证
14．__________ vt.调节；调整
15．__________ vt.告知，通知acquisition
attain
surround
adequate
medium
ensure
accelerate
guarantee
adjust
informⅡ.短语自测
1．__________显眼，引人注目
2．__________取得进步，获得成功
3．__________依靠，依赖
4．____________________鼓励某人干某事
5．___________________最高质量的
6．_________________使(自己)适应
7．_______________把某事告知某人
8．_______________将……记在心中stand out
get ahead
rely on
encourage sb.to do sth.
of the highest quality
adjust (oneself) to
inform sb.of sth.
keep sth.in mind1．_____________________ the news in English if you've already watched it in your own language.
如果你已看过母语的新闻，再读英语的这则新闻就没有意义了。
2．______________ as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that __________ to be the case ___________________.
早在18世纪就有人预言说，总有一天英语会成为全球性的语言，而最近几十年的情况证明了这一预言。There's no point reading It was predicted has proved in the last few decades 3．But sadly，_______________ we will all have the opportunity to live in an English－speaking country are small.
但遗憾的是，我们都生活在一个讲英语的国家的机会是很小的。
4．Quality input ensures quality output，_____________________________.
不管是说还是写，高质量的输入保证高质量的输出。the chances that whether it is speaking or writing 5．However，putting in those extra 15 minutes a day __________________.To stay dedicated，you need to keep in mind why you are learning English.
然而，每天坚持这额外的十五分钟的确需要专心致志。你需要时常想想为什么要学英语以保持不断努力的势头。does take dedication课文阅读理解
Ⅰ.Fast－reading
1．Skim the title，the beginning and the end of the whole passage to know what it is about.The right answer is .
A．The passage mainly tells us that English is very important and we should learn it well.
B．The passage mainly tells us that without English we would never stand out or have a bright future.
C．The passage mainly tells us that English－learning is the key to success and gives us some recommendations about learning English.
答案 C2．Read Get ahead with your English and match each part with the main idea.
①Para.1 a．Some practical suggestions
②Paras.2～3 b．Why do we need to learn English?
③Paras.4～11 c．How can we learn it well in terms of theory?
答案 ①b ②c ③aⅡ.Careful－reading
1．Why have more and more people decided to learn English in recent years?
A．Because they think it's cool to know a new language.
B．Because English is a compulsory course in schools.
C．Because the growth of international companies and the great advances in communications make people realize they need to learn English as a foreign language.
D．Because English is easier to master than any other language.
答案 C2．According to some theories，what is the best way to learn a foreign language?
A．Learning a foreign language in its native language environment.
B．Remembering all the words in the dictionary.
C．Practicing it in your daily life as much as you can.
D．Watching English movies and listening to English songs.
答案 A3．What should teachers do to help students learn English in the classroom?
A．Let students memorize some English passages.
B．Try to explain the English grammar clearly.
C．Tell some English jokes to make students interested in English.
D．Try to create a rich language environment in the classroom.
答案 D4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Set achievable targets and ask your friends to motivate you.
B．Use all your spare time to study English.
C．If you reach a target，treat yourself.
D．Learn English with your friends and share learning strategies with each other.
答案 B5．When you learn English，what do you need to keep in your mind to stay dedicated?
A．Your targets.
B．The time you spend on English.
C．The reason why you are learning English.
D．The methods of studying English.
答案 C1．However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.然而，没有英语语言环境，学英语是很难的。(1)absence n. [U] & [C]不在；外出；缺席；[U]缺少；缺乏
during/in the absence of...＝during/in one's absence在(人)不在时；在(物)缺乏时
(2)absent adj.缺席的，不在的；漫不经心的，心不在焉的
be absent from...缺席……
absent－minded adj.心不在焉的[归纳拓展] (1)In the absence of any further evidence the police were unable to solve the murder.
由于缺乏更进一步的证据，警方破不了这宗谋杀案。
(2)He was absent from the meeting yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
昨天因为心脏病突发，他没有参加会议。[图解助记][即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)He made up a wonderful story to explain his __________ (absent) from class.
(2)Don't speak ill of a person __________ his absence.
(3)我缺席会议的原因是我生病了。(一句多译)
①The reason _______________________________ was that I was ill.(定语从句；absent)
②The reason ____________________________ was that I was ill.(介词短语；absence)absence in why I were absent from the meeting for my absence from the meeting 2．Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.
一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。(1)surround vt.环绕，围绕，包围
surround sb./sth.with...用……包围某人/某物
be surrounded by/with...被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
(3)surroundings n．周围的事物；环境；气氛 [归纳拓展] (1)The playground is surrounded with/by trees and flowers.
操场被花草树木环绕着。
(2)Animals in zoos are not in their natural surroundings.动物 园中的动物没有在它们的自然环境中。
[语境串记]
Once upon a time，a king who was polite to surrounding countries lived in a castle surrounded by a large forest and having wonderful surroundings.
从前，在一个绿树环绕、环境优美的城堡里住着一个国 王，他对邻邦十分友好。[即时跟踪]
用surround的正确形式填空
(1)Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful _____________.
(2)After the explosion，the army sealed off the ____________ area.
(3)The city is _____________ with hills on all sides.
单句改错
(4)Surrounding yourself with positive people，and you will keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can't. _______________________________surroundings surrounding surrounded Surrounding→Surround或去掉and 3．What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.
这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。adequate adj.足够的，充分的；适当的
同义词：enough；反义词：inadequate
be adequate for...对……来说是足够的
be adequate to do sth.足够做某事
be adequate to胜任……；适合于[归纳拓展] (1)The city's water supply is no longer adequate for its needs.
这个城市的供水不再能够满足其需要了。
(2)Is your salary adequate to support your family?
你的薪水足够养家吗？
(3)Though a bit too old，he is still adequate to the work.
虽然他年纪大了点，却仍能胜任这项工作。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)The space available is not adequate ______ our needs.
(2)The training is adequate _____ meet the future needs of industry.
写出下列句中adequate的汉语意思
(3)We had adequate food for a week's journey.__________
(4)This dictionary is just adequate for my needs.__________for to 足够的 适当的 ensure vt.确保，保证；保护
ensure sb.sth.保证某人某事，保证/确保某人(得到)某物
ensure sb.against sth.保护某人以防止某事的发生
ensure＋that从句 确保……4．Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
不管是说还是写，高质量的输入保证高质量的输出。
[归纳拓展](1)This pill will ensure you a good night's sleep.
这颗药一定会确保你晚上睡个好觉。
(2)They must take steps to ensure against possible failure.
他们必须采取措施以免遭受可能的失败。
(3)We can ensure that the work shall be done in the right way.
我们可以保证把工作做好。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)I read many books，recited thousands of English words，which ___________________________ during the exam.
我读了许多书，背诵了成千上万的英语单词，使我在考试中表现良好。
(2)We should _____________________ all possible risks.
我们要保护自己，以防备所有可能的危险。ensured me a good performance ensure ourselves against5．Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.读前了解主要新闻内容会确保用英语阅读时能更透彻地理解所读新闻。
[归纳拓展] (1)Your watch will be repaired free if it's still under guarantee.
你的手表在保修期内可享受免费维修。
(2)Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time?
你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
(3)This kind of behavior is guaranteed to make him angry。这种行为肯定会使他生气的。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)The good goods you can get here _______________________.
你在这儿能买到的优质商品都有一年的质量保证。
(2)The car is less than a year old，and therefore still _______________.
这辆汽车使用不到一年，因此仍在保修期内。are guaranteed for one year under guarantee 6．Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.
看一盘最喜欢的DVD，但把你非常熟悉的情节的配音调节成英语。(1)adjust vt.调节；调整；vi.适应
adjust to (doing) sth.适应/习惯于(做)某事(＝adapt to，get used to，be accustomed to)
adjust (sth./oneself) to (doing) sth.使(某物/某人自己)适应/习惯(做)某事
(2)adjustment n．调整；调节；适应
make adjustments to sth.对某物进行调整＝adjust sth.对……作出调整[归纳拓展] (1)They found it hard to adjust to life in a new country.他们发现很难适应一个新的国家的生活。
(2)In the new term，most students adjust themselves very quickly to their new teachers.
在新学期，大多数学生很快就适应了他们的新老师。
(3)We made a few minor adjustments to the plan，which our teacher came up with at the meeting.
我们对老师在会议上提出的计划做了些小的调整。[易混辨析] adjust/adapt
(1)adjust指借正当的判断或熟练的技巧“调整，调节”以使两者互相适当。
(2)adapt指修改或改变，使某物或某人做些改变以适应新条件。[即时跟踪]
用adjust或adapt填空
(1)We will start at 9：00 p．m.and now let's ________ our watches.
(2)We should _______ our thinking to the new conditions.
单句改错
(3)We might as well adjust to work at night._______________adjust adapt work→working (1)inform vt.告知；通知
inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事
inform sb.that...告知某人……
(2)informed adj.了解情况的；消息灵通的；有学问的
keep sb.informed of sth.使某人知道某事；随时报告某人某事
(3)information n．信息(不可数) 7．Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.
把你的目标告诉朋友，他们也会鼓励你。
[归纳拓展](1)It was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
为了避免我们担心，米切尔告知我们他耽搁了，他想得很周到。
(2)I regret to inform you that you haven't passed the driving test.
我非常遗憾地通知你，你没有通过驾驶考试。
(3)The boy said he would keep me informed of the things that happened in the classroom every day.
那个男孩说他会告诉我教室里每天发生的事。[即时跟踪]
句型转换
(1)I informed her mother of her safe arrival.
→I informed her mother ________________________.
单句改错
(2)During the Olympics，the Special TV Program kept us informing of all the track and field events in progress. ___________________that she had safely arrived informing→informed 1．In today's world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead.在今天的世界，只有能讲不止一门语言，包括英语，你才能与众不同取得成功。stand out显眼，引人注目
stand by和……站在一起；袖手旁观
stand for代表；象征；意味着；支持，主张[归纳拓展] [即时跟踪]
用stand短语的正确形式填空
(1)The letters PLA __________ the People's Liberation Army.
(2)The snowy Alps __________ in bold relief against the azure(天蓝色的) sky.stand for stood out 2．Therefore，most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum.因此我们大部分人不得不依赖于学校里所学的课程。
[归纳拓展]rely on/upon(＝depend on/upon)依靠；依赖；指望
rely on (one's doing) sth.指望某人(做)某事
rely on sb.for help指望某人的帮助
rely on sb.to do sth.相信某人会做某事
rely on it that...相信会……(1)He can always be relied upon for help.
他的帮助是永远可依赖的。
(2)Don't rely on him to do anything—he's just a talker.
什么事都不要指望他——他光会说空话。
(3)You may rely upon it that he will arrive early.
你放心好了，他一定会早到的。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)Now that you have grown up，you should not rely __________ your parents.
(2)We rely on ______ that he must help us.
完成句子
(3)You may _____________ he will come to meet you.
你放心好了，他会来接你的。
(4)I ________________ back the money.
我相信她会还钱。on/upon it rely on it that rely on her to pay 1．There's no point reading the news in English if you've already watched it in your own language.
如果你已看过母语的新闻，再读英语的这则新闻就没有意义了。There is no point (in) doing sth.做某事是没有意义的
There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事
There is no sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no difficulty in doing sth.做某事没有困难
There is no possibility to do/that...……是不可能的[归纳拓展] (1)There is no point regretting the lost and we should grasp what we have now.
后悔失去的没有意义，我们应该抓住我们现在所拥有的。
(2)There's no doubt that it is necessary to develop a program for athletes.
毫无疑问，为运动员制订一个计划是必要的。
(3)I think there is no sense in making him angry.
我认为惹他生气是没有意义的。[即时跟踪]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
(1)I could see that there is no sense __________(argue) with him.
(2)There is no need __________(worry)，and everything will be OK.
(3)—Since you have failed，there is no point __________ (cry)．Try it again.
—Thank you.
完成句子
(4)There was no point ________________________ now.
现在为这件事情苦恼是毫无意义的。arguing to worry crying (in) getting upset about it 2．But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English－speaking country are small.
但遗憾的是，我们都生活在一个讲英语的国家的机会是很小的。
本句的主干是：The chances are small.可能性很小。
that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English－speaking country 是the chances 的同位语从句。that引导同位语从句，用来解释说明某一名词的内容和实质。(1)能接同位语从句的名词有：belief，fact，chance，hope，idea，doubt，news，conclusion，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，explanation，information，thought等。
(2)同位语从句一般用that引导，但也可以用连接代词(who)、连接副词(when，where，why，how)或whether引导。
(3)有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后，而是被别的词隔开。[归纳拓展] (1)The chances that parents don't like their children are extremely small.
父母不喜欢自己的孩子的可能性很小。
(2)The news that our team won the football match was encouraging.
我们队赢得了足球比赛，这则消息很振奋人心。
(3)They are faced with the problem whether they should continue the work.
他们面临着是否应该继续这项工作的问题。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)Word came _______ he had gone abroad for further study.
(2)We must remember the fact _______ goats usually live in mountainous country.
单句改错
(3)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field. ______________that that belief后加that 3．This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.
足够量的语言输入可以以高质量的阅读和听力材料的形式呈现。“be of＋抽象名词”结构，常在句中作表语，这类抽象名词包含两类：
(1)be of＋抽象名词＝be＋抽象名词相对应的形容词。这类名词有：value，use，importance，help，interest，benefit，beauty，wealth等，它们可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。
(2)“be of＋抽象名词”中的抽象名词没有形容词形式，为了表明主语的某些特征，只能用这一种形式。这类名词有：size，weight，height，color，shape，age，opinion，price，kind，type等。注意：这类名词的单复数根据具体的情况而定，也可在其前加冠词。[归纳拓展] (1)What you are saying is of no interest (＝not interesting) to me.
你说的话让我提不起兴趣。
(2)His opinion is considered to be of great value (＝greatly valuable)．
大家认为他的观点很有价值。
(3)She is looking for some girls of an age.
她在寻找一些同岁的女孩。[即时跟踪]
句型转换
(1)The book is very useful to the beginners.
→The book is ___________ to the beginners.
(2)What he said at the meeting was of great value.
→What he said at the meeting ________________.
单句改错
(3)Mr.Mao is a man of great important. ____________________
(4)Liu Tao and I are the same age.__________of great use was very valuable important→importance are后加of 课件17张PPT。Period Two
Lesson 2 Varieties of EnglishⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ n．老兄，老弟，伙计
2．__________ n．小册子
3．__________ n．亲戚，亲属mate
brochure
relativeⅡ.短语自测
1．__________学会
2．__________很久，很久时间
3．__________用车接；(偶尔)学会
4．_____________继续
5．_____________独立地；独自地
6．__________遵守，信守；坚持
7．__________出发；动身
8．__________只要catch on
for ages
pick up
go on with
on one's own
keep to
set off
as long as1．________________________ you hear，________________ you get.你听到的口音越不一样，你就会越迷惑。
2．________________ Liang Weimin thought all English speakers sounded like BBC World Service reporters?
你认为梁为民为什么会认为所有说英语的人听起来都像英国国际广播公司的记者？
3．_______________ just go off on my own a bit later?
我晚一点独自走可以吗？
4．______________ we have to keep to the timetable，sir.
对不起，先生，我们得遵守时刻表。The more different accents the more confused Why do you think Is it all right if I I'm sorry，but relative n．[C]亲戚，亲属；adj.相对的
[归纳拓展](1)relatively adv.相当程度上；相对地
(2)relate v．联系；讲述
(3)related adj.有联系的
(4)relation n．关系，联系；亲戚
(5)relationship n．关系，联系；血缘关系(1)My uncle is my nearest relative.
我的叔父是我最近的亲人。
(2)After his money troubles，he's now living in relative comfort.
渡过经济困难之后，他现在过着比较舒适的生活。
(3)The teacher has a very good relationship with her students.这位老师和学生们关系很好。[易混辨析] relative/relation/relationship
(1)relative亲戚，亲人。
(2)relation亲属，包括父母、子女，不仅有血缘关系，而且有法律关系。
(3)relationship指人时，常暗含一种带有强烈感彩的紧密关系。[即时跟踪]
用relative，relation或relationship的正确形式填空
(1)He was a person of wide social _____________.
(2)No one cares about distant __________ nowadays.
(3)My immediate __________ are my parents.
(4)All his poor __________________ came to spend their holidays at his home.relationships relatives relations relations/relatives 1．The more you hear different accents，the easier it is to catch on.你听到越多不同的口音，你就越容易学会。
[归纳拓展]catch on学会；理解；受欢迎，流行起来
catch on to sth.(＝understand sth.)理解某事物
catch up with赶上
catch sight of看见
catch one's attention吸引某人的注意
catch hold of抓住；抓牢(1)He invented an electric car，but it never really catches on.
他发明了一种电动汽车，但是这种车从未真正流行起来。
(2)It took her a while to catch on to what we meant.
她想了一会儿才明白我们的意思。[即时跟踪]
介、副词填空
(1)I don't quite catch __________ to what she is saying.
(2)You'll soon catch up __________ us if you hurry.
(3)This new song failed to catch on __________ students.
完成句子
(4)I suddenly ________________ her in the crowd.
我突然在人群中瞥见了她。on with with caught sight of 2．I'm sorry，but we have to keep to the timetable，sir.
对不起，先生，我们得遵守时刻表。
[归纳拓展]keep to 遵守，信守；坚持 (to 为介词)
keep (sb./sth.) away (from sb./sth.)(使某人/某事物)不靠近(某人/某事物)
keep back 隐瞒；抑制(感情、泪水等)；阻止
keep up with sb.跟上某人；与某人同步前进
keep on (doing) sth.继续……；保持……
keep off不接近……(1)Once having made a plan，you should keep to it.
一旦制订了计划，你就要按计划行事。
(2)The police had great difficulty keeping back the crowd.
警察难以制住人群。
(3)The only way to get your weight down is to keep off fat.
减肥的唯一办法是不要吃肥肉。[即时跟踪]
用keep短语的正确形式填空
(1)The boss __________ 30 from my salary without any reason.
(2)It is necessary for us to __________ the style of hard struggle and plain living.
(3)It rained heavily and we had to think of a way to __________ the rain.
(4)________ babies _______ from medicines，or they will be in danger.
完成句子
(5)You just have to _______________ toward your target.
你必须朝着目标不断努力。kept back keep to keep off Keep away keep on working The more different accents you hear，the more confused you get.你听到的口音越不一样，你就会越迷惑。
[归纳拓展]“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”句型：
(1)意为“越……就越……”，表示主、从句的两个谓语是同时进行的，或表示一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。
(2)从结构上看，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句；在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。第二个“the＋比较级”是主句，用一般将来时。
(3)本结构中常用省略形式。(1)The more we get together，the happier we will be.
聚会越多，我们就越高兴。
(2)The more you talked，the less attention he paid to you.
你说得越多，他越不注意听你讲。
(3)The longer you stay，the better (it will be)．
你停留的时间越长越好。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)____________ you work，__________ progress you will make.
你学习越努力，进步就越大。
单句改错
(2)The longer you will wait，the more impatient you will be. ________________The harder the more 去掉第一个will 课件52张PPT。Period Three Lesson 3 Body LanguageⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ vt.&n.轻拍；拍
2．_____________ vt.祝贺
_____________ n．祝贺
3．__________ adj.明确的；清楚的
4．____________ adj.无意的；不知不觉的
5．__________ adj.僵硬的
6．__________ vt.像；与……相似
7．____________ adj.清晰易辨的；透明的pat
congratulate
congratulation
explicit
unconscious
rigid
resemble
transparent8．__________ n．不安
9．__________ vt.购买
10．__________ vt.协商；谈判
__________ n．协商
11．__________ vt.勾出轮廓
12．__________ adj.模棱两可的
13．__________ n．冒犯；得罪
14．__________ n．赞成；赞许；批准
__________ v．赞成；批准
15．__________ adj.弯曲的unrest
purchase
negotiate
negotiation
outline
ambiguous
offence
approval
approve
bentⅡ.短语自测
1．_________________拍某人的背
2．____________________因某事祝贺某人
3．_____________由……组成
4．__________增加
5．________________被用于做某事
6．_____________与……不同
7．_____________故意地
8．_____________意识到
9．________________另一方面
10．_____________不管，不顾pat sb.on the back
congratulate sb.on sth.
consist of...
add to
be used to do sth.
differ from
on purpose
be aware of
on the other hand
regardless of1．If you __________________ his son on the back ____________ happily，what would you think was going on?
如果你看到一个父亲愉快地微笑着，拍拍他儿子的背部，你会认为发生了什么事情呢？
2．Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see _______ a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.
某人高兴得跳起来是很容易见到的，而挑起眉毛表示怀疑却更容易被人忽略。saw a father patting while smiling while 课文阅读理解
Ⅰ.Fast－reading
Scan the passage and choose a heading for each paragraph. There is one extra heading.
(1)Para.1 A．An aid to travelers
(2)Para.2 B．Conscious and unconscious body language
(3)Para.3 C．The disadvantages of smiling(4)Para.4 D．Why body language can be confusing
(5)Para.5 E．Introduction
(6)Para.6 F．What is body language
(7)Para.7 G．Concluding statement
H．Being aware
答案 (1)E (2)F (3)B (4)H (5)A (6)D (7)GⅡ.Careful－reading
1．What does a pat on the back and a smile usually mean?
A．Greeting you.
B．You did a good job.
C．I agree with you.
D．Everything goes on well.
答案 B2．Which of the following is the difference between spoken language and body language，according to the passage?
A．Body language can't be used to communicate both attitudes and feelings.
B．Spoken language is easier to use than body language.
C．Body language is not always explicit but sometimes can be ambiguous.
D．Spoken language can convey more feelings than body language.
答案 C3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Body language is always conscious.
B．We can lie with words and it is as easy to do so with our bodies.
C．People can not communicate with each other if they do not share a common spoken language.
D．Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool.
答案 D4．When you are nervous in foreign countries，which form of body language can you use to make you feel better?
A．Smiling.
B．Nodding.
C．Shrugging your shoulders.
D．Crossing your arms.
答案 A5．What does nodding mean in different countries?
A．It always means YES.
B．It never means YES.
C．It means YES in some areas but not in other ones.
D．It always means nothing.
答案 C1．You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well...你可能会认为父亲在祝贺儿子某事做得好……(1)congratulate vt.祝贺
congratulate (sb.) on sth.祝贺(某人)某事
congratulate oneself (on sth.)为自己(的成功或成就)感到高兴或自豪
(2)congratulation n．祝贺，恭贺(常用复数形式)
congratulations to sb.on sth.祝贺某人某事[归纳拓展] (1)Let me congratulate you on/upon having passed the examination.
我祝贺你考试通过。
(2)He congratulated himself on having survived the air crash.
他庆幸自己在空难中幸免于难。
(3)I send you my warmest congratulations on your success.
我对你的成功致以最热烈的祝贺。[易混辨析] congratulate/celebrate
(1)congratulate vt.祝贺，常用congratulate sb.on/upon sth.结构。
(2)celebrate vt.庆祝，常指举行一些活动或仪式来庆祝一些有纪念意义的事件或时刻，常用celebrate sth.结构。[即时跟踪]
用congratulate，celebrate的正确形式填空
(1)An evening party was held ______________ my deskmate on his winning the English contest. Like __________ his birthday，many students in our class came to express their ______________ on the progress he had made.
(2)I congratulate you _____ having achieved a great sale in the past year.
单句语法填空
(3)______________ (congratulate) on your birthday!
(4)You really should congratulate __________ (you) on avoiding the danger.to congratulate celebrating congratulations onCongratulations yourself 2．They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human.他们也可能交叉双臂，像机器人而不是像人类那样迅速移动起来。
[归纳拓展](1)resemble vt.像，与……相似
resemble sb./sth.in...与某人/某物在……方面相似
(2)resemble是及物动词，但是不用于被动语态，也不用于进行时态。(1)He resembles his younger brother in looks，but not in character.
他和他弟弟长得很像，但性格不同。
(2)She resembles her mother in the way she moves her hands when she talks.
她说话时打手势的动作像她妈妈。[易混辨析] resemble/similar/look like
(1)resemble与(人或物)相似，是及物动词，但不用于被动语态。
(2)similar相似的，是形容词，常用be/look similar to结构。
(3)look like看起来像……，其中look为系动词，该短语不用于被动语态。[即时跟踪]
用resemble，similar或look like的正确形式填空
(1)The twins __________ each other in everything.
(2)My new dress is __________ to the one you have.
(3)She __________ a princess in a 19th－century illustration.resemble similar looks like 3．You can negotiate the price by using your fingers and even ask questions by using your hands to outline the shapes of things you want—although this can cause confusion and a few laughs too! 你可以用手指讨价还价，甚至可以用手比划你想要的东西的形状来问问题——尽管这会让人迷惑不解，还会引人发笑。(1)negotiate vt.谈判；协商；商定
negotiate with sb.about/over/for sth.与某人商议某事/谈判某事
negotiate sth.with sb.通过与某人商议、谈判等处理或解决某事；商订；洽谈
(2)negotiation n．协商；谈判
under negotiation在商谈中[归纳拓展] (1)We negotiated with the school administration about the tuition increase.
我们与校方协商学费调高问题。
(2)The government refused to negotiate with the strikers.
政府拒绝同罢工者进行谈判。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)As far as I know，the claim problem is still __________ negotiation.
(2)The company has negotiated a new contract _______ its staff.
用negotiate的正确形式填空
(3)Some are also trying ____________ lower fees with the hedge funds they invest in.
(4)It is said it remains in __________ with the Russian authorities.under with to negotiate negotiation 4．Regardless of these differences，experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval—the smile.尽管存在着这些不同，专家们却一致认为有一种身体语言得到世界各地普遍认同，那就是微笑。(1)approval n．赞成；同意；通过；批准
meet with one's approval得到某人的同意
with/without one's approval经/未经某人批准
(2)approve vi.赞成；赞许；vt.批准，认可，通过
approve of sb./sth.赞成/同意某人/某事
approve of sb./sb.'s doing sth.同意/赞成某人做某事 [归纳拓展] (1)We went to the party with our parents' approval.
我们取得父母的同意后去参加了聚会。
(2)I hope the arrangements meet with your approval.
我希望这些安排会得到你的同意。
(3)They quite approved of their daughter's marriage.
他们很赞成女儿的婚事。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)Does your mother approve __________ your going to study in America alone?
完成句子
(2)We can't start building ___________________________.
未经委员会批准，我们不能动工。
(3)You made a good decision，and I __________ it.
你做了一个很好的决定，我非常赞同。ofwithout the council's approval approve of 1．People often use body language on purpose.人们经常有意地使用身体语言。
[归纳拓展]on purpose故意地，有意地
for the purpose of为了……
with the purpose of...带着……的目的
to the purpose得要领的，中肯的
by design故意地，蓄意地(1)The first time you step out，whether by accident or on purpose，a warning is imposed.
你第一次离开时，不管是偶然还是故意，已经发出了警告。
(2)Many people run for the purpose of losing weight.
许多人为了减肥而跑步。
(3)They have gone to the foreign country with the purpose of earning money.
他们到国外去，目的是为了赚钱。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)Did he do it ________________________________________ (是有意还是无意的)?
(2)A meeting was held ___________________________________ (为任命一名新经理)．on purpose/by design or by accident/by chance for the purpose of appointing a new manager 2．On the other hand，you can also easily show what you don't like by shaking your head.另一方面，你也可以简单地以摇头的方式表示你不喜欢某物。
[归纳拓展]on the other hand另一方面
on (the) one hand...on the other (hand)一方面……另一方面(对比不同的事物或观点)
for one thing...for another (thing)．..一则……再则……(表示事物的并列或递进关系) (1)On (the) one hand，cars are very useful.But on the other (hand)，they cause a huge amount of pollution.
一方面来说，汽车很有用。但从另一方面来说，它们也造成了很大的污染。
(2)I'm not going to buy it；for one thing I don't like the color，and for another it's far too expensive.
我不准备买这东西；一是我不喜欢这种颜色，二是它太贵了。[名师点津]
(1)on the one hand...on the other hand一般指相反或相对的两个方面。for one thing...for another (thing)用于解释原因，表示列举。
(2)在on the one hand...on the other hand结构中，第一个the可以省略，后一个hand可以省略。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)________________(一方面)，he is brilliant；________________(另一方面)，he is lazy.
(2)The hat doesn't suit her，_____________ (一方面是)it doesn't fit because of its size；__________(另一方面是) its color doesn't match her charming face.
单句改错
(3)On one hand，I am not the man you thought，and on other hand，I have tried my best._____________On (the) one hand on the other (hand) for one thing for another other前加the 3．Regardless of these differences，experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval—the smile.尽管存在着这些不同，专家们却一致认为有一种身体语言得到世界各地普遍认同，那就是微笑。regardless of...不管……，尽管……
in spite of...不管……，尽管……
despite...(prep.)不管……，尽管……
注意：regardless of...＝ in spite of...＝despite...＝though/although＋从句。[归纳拓展] (1)She is determined to do it regardless of all consequences.
她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。
(2)We often go to the English Corner，regardless of/despite/in spite of being busy.
我们经常去英语角，不管多忙。
(3)Regardless of the heavy rain，they went on kicking their ball.
他们继续踢自己的球，尽管下着大雨。[即时跟踪]
用regardless of或though填空
(1)_________ I need money for myself，I'm still willing to help.
(2)He says what he thinks，____________ other people's feelings.
完成句子
(3)All our proposals were rejected，______________________.
我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝，毫不考虑这些建议的价值。regardless of their value Though regardless of 1．If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily，what would you think was going on？如果你看到一个父亲愉快地微笑着，拍拍他儿子的背部，你会认为发生了什么事情呢？
[归纳拓展1](1)I saw him reading a book on the bench under a tree when I passed by.
我经过时，看到他正在一棵树下的长凳上看书。
(2)I saw him tied to a tall tree in the forest.
我看见他被绑在林子里一棵高大的树上。
(3)We saw him clean the windows yesterday.
昨天我们看到他擦了窗户。[即时跟踪1]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
(1)There was a person who saw the man __________(kill)．
(2)Someone saw him __________ (go) into the restaurant.
(3)I saw a plane __________ (fly) to the north on my way to work.
完成句子
(4)I looked up and ____________________________ up the tree to catch its breakfast.
我抬头看，注意到一条蛇为了弄到早餐沿着树在蜿蜒爬行。
(5)The headmaster ________________ during the class.
校长看到一个男生在课堂上睡觉。killed go flying noticed a snake winding its way saw a boy sleeping (1)while smiling happily 是省略句，省略了he was，完整的句子为while he was smiling happily。在状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it，谓语中出现了be动词，可以把从句中的主语或it和be动词省略。
(2)连词while的用法总结：
①意为“当……时候，和……同时”，谓语动词用延续性动词，且常用进行时态；[归纳拓展2]②意为“而，然而”，表示对比，连接并列句；
③意为“虽然，尽管”，表示让步，引导让步状语从句，常位于句首；
④意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句；
⑤用作名词，表示“一会儿；一段时间”，如after a while过了一会儿；once in a while偶尔，间或。(1)They are building a new factory while (they are) expanding the old one.
他们扩大旧工厂的同时正在建一个新工厂。
(2)My brother is fond of math while I am good at English.我哥哥喜欢数学，而我擅长英语。
(3)While they didn't see each other before，they recognized each other immediately.
尽管以前互相没见过，但他们立刻认出了彼此。[即时跟踪2]
写出下列句子中while的汉语意思
(6)He was so tired that he fell asleep while reading newspapers. ____________
(7)While I admit his advantages，I can see his shortcomings. ________
(8)He likes English while I like Chinese.__________
完成句子
(9)They arrived _________________________.
他们来的时候，我们正在吃饭。
(10)______________________，I don't know them well.
虽然我们是邻居，但我并不太了解他们。当……时候 虽然 而；然而 while we were having dinner While we are neighbours 2．It is a language without words that consists of gestures，facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to—and sometimes even replace—spoken language.这是一种没有词语，由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了——有时甚至取代了——口头语言。
这是一个主从复合句，It is a language without words是主句，it作主语，指上文中的body language；that consists of gestures，facial expressions and body movements是定语从句，修饰language。it作主语具有下面的意义：
(1)it指上文提到的人、物和事情。
(2)it表示时间、地点、天气、距离等。
(3)it用于构成强调结构。[归纳拓展] (1)There is a knock on the door.It must be the postman.有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。
(2)—How far is it from here to the station?
—It's about two kilometers.
——从这儿到车站有多远？
——大约两公里。
(3)It was I who met him in the park last week.
是我上星期在公园遇到他的。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)Does _____ matter whether he can finish the job on time?
(2)_____ used to be thought that the earth was flat.
完成句子
(3)This car is not fast enough.___________________________.
这辆车车速不够快。每小时仅60里。
(4)Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see __________.
有人在按门铃。去看看是谁。itItIt can only go 60 miles an hour who it is 课件45张PPT。Period Four Communication Workshop，Language Awareness 4，Culture Corner & Bulletin BoardⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ n．申请人
__________ v．申请
2．__________ n．证明；证书
3．__________ n．能力
__________ adj.有能力的；足以胜任的
4．__________ vt.登记
5．__________ n．候选人applicant
apply
certificate
competence
competent
register
candidate6．__________ n．(图片的)说明文字
7．__________ n．理发店
__________ n．理发师
8．__________ n．地球
__________ adj.全球的
9．__________ vt.束紧
10．__________ n．规则
11．__________ adj.业余的caption
barbershop
barber
globe
global
fasten
regulation
amateur12. _____________ vt.使窘迫
_____________ adj.窘迫的
_____________ adj.令人难堪的
13．__________ adj.准时的，守时的
14．__________ n．全体职员
15．__________ n．学院；学会embarrass
embarrassed
embarrassing
punctual
personnel
academyⅡ.短语自测
1．____________集中
2．____________提前，预先
3．____________报名参加
4．____________要求得到某物
5．____________只要；条件是
6．____________除此之外 focus on
in advance
sign up
ask for sth.
provided that
in addition1．Thirdly，you say that there is a discount ___________________________.
第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。
2．They are _________________ I watch them again and again.
它们如此有趣，以至于我看了一遍又一遍。provided that I pay in advance so interesting that Ⅰ.课文阅读理解(Communication Workshop)
1．According to the advertisement，if one wants to be a success in the business world，he needs .
A．a high Business English Diploma
B．high level of English competence
C．the ability of teamwork
D．the skills in marketing and advertising
答案 B2．What is the cost of one 6－week session，according to the ad?
A．1,500 pounds. B．1,500 dollars.
C．1,500 yuan. D．1,500 cents.
答案 C
3．How many pieces of information does the writer of the letter want to clarify?
A．4. B．5.
C．6. D．7.
答案 C4．We should write the letter asking for information in a __________ style.
A．formal B．informal
C．casual D．cautious
答案 AⅡ.课文阅读填空(Culture Corner)
English Around the WorldIreland India Singapore colony independence published immigration loyalists prisoners treaty 1．New Future Language School—The right choice for all applicants.新未来语言学校——所有申请者的正确选择。(1)applicant n．申请者；请求者(尤指求职者)
(2)application n．申请；申请书/表
(3)apply v．申请；运用，应用；涂，敷；适用
apply for申请……
apply to...向……申请；适用于……
apply...to...把……应用于/涂抹于……
apply oneself/one's mind to (doing) sth.专心于(做)某事[归纳拓展] (1)There is an astonishing number of applicants for the job.
申请这份工作的人数多得惊人。
(2)We should apply what we have learned at school to daily life.
我们应该将我们在学校学到的知识应用到日常生活中。
(3)He is applying some toothpaste to his toothbrush.
他正在往牙刷上涂牙膏。[语境串记]
Thirty graduates applied for the post.All these applicants filled in the application forms seriously.
三十位毕业生申请了这个职位。所有这些申请者都认真填写了申请表。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)—Why not write to apply ______ a position at Students Post?
—Good idea.
完成句子
(2)John was accepted by four universities that he __________.
约翰被他所申请的四所大学录取了。
(3)He ______________ the school _____ scholarship.
他已向学校申请了奖学金。
(4)The new technology _____________ farming.
这项新技术已应用于农业。for applied to has applied to for was applied to 2．cheers inter.谢谢；干杯(用作祝酒语)；再见(用作告别语，尤其用于电话中)
[归纳拓展](1)cheer v．加油；鼓舞；n.欢呼；喝彩；激励
cheer sb.on(赛跑、比赛等中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油
cheer sb./sth.up(使)变得更高兴；(使)振奋起来
(2)cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的 (1)As the football match was in progress，we kept cheering on both teams.
足球赛进行时，我们不断地呐喊，为双方加油。
(2)The news that our team won the match cheered us up.
我们队赢得这场比赛的消息让我们高兴。[即时跟踪]
介、副词填空
(1)A thousand supporters packed into the stadium to cheer them ______.
(2)I wrote that song just to cheer myself ______.
完成句子
(3)Whether (she is) sick or fine，____________________.
不管她生不生病，她总是开开心心的。onup she is always cheerful 3．embarrass vt.使窘迫；使为难；使陷入困境；因(做)……而困窘/尴尬
[归纳拓展]
(1)Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.
她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。
(2)It embarrassed her to meet strange men in the corridor at night.
夜里在走廊上遇见陌生男人使她感到很不好意思。
(3)He was acutely embarrassed/about/at being the centre of attention.
成为大家注意的焦点使他感到非常不自然。[语境串记]
The embarrassing situation last night made her embarrassed，which also embarrassed us.So she flushed with embarrassment.
昨晚那尴尬的场面让她感到很窘迫，这使我们也很尴尬。所以她因不好意思而脸红了。[即时跟踪]
用embarrass的正确形式填空
(1)It was an _____________ situation，which made me upset.
(2)I was ____________ when she praised me.
(3)He couldn't hide his ______________ at his children's rudeness.
完成句子
(4)Don't post photographs that could embarrass someone or yourself.
不要发那些会让你或者别人难堪的照片。
(5)She ________________ when they asked her age.
他们问她的年龄时，她窘得很。embarrassing embarrassed embarrassment was embarrassed 1．The curriculum focuses on English language skills used in business meetings and in areas such as marketing and advertising.课程的设置以英语语言技能为重点，这些技能应用于商务会议以及诸如市场营销和广告等领域之中。focus on/upon...集中于……(＝concentrate on...)
concentrate/fix/focus one's attention on...把注意力集中在……
be absorbed in...全神贯注于……(＝be buried in...)
bury oneself in...埋头/专心致志于……(＝apply oneself to doing...)
put one's heart into...全心全意投入……[归纳拓展] (1)I have to focus my mind on study this week.
我本周必须专心学习。
(2)She turned the camera and focused on John's face.
她转过镜头对准约翰的脸。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)You should ______________________ your study.
你应该把你的注意力放在学习上。
(2)His doctor ________________ how to cure his injury.
他的医生关注于如何治好的他的伤。
单句改错
(3)The children's attention was focused into the stage. __________
(4)They put their heart on the question of homeless people. __________focus your attention on focused on/upon into→on on→into 2．By the way，would I also have to pay a fee for registering？顺便问一下，我还得交注册费吗？
[归纳拓展]
(1)The flat can be paid for in ten times.
这套公寓可分10次付款。
(2)It would take him the rest of his life to pay off that loan.他得用余生来还清那笔贷款。pay for为……付款；偿还，赔偿
pay back还钱，还债；报仇，报复
pay off全部偿清；给薪解雇pay for pay back pay off 3．Celebrity is not usually a characteristic associated with middle－aged giant tortoises from the Galapagos Islands.加拉帕戈斯群岛的中年巨龟并不是一直就很有名气。
[归纳拓展](1)be associated with与……有联系，和……联系在一起(＝be related to)
(2)associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把某人/某物跟某人/某物联系在一起，联想
associate with sb.与某人交往
(3)in association with与……联合(1)In the children's minds summer is associated with picnics.
在孩子们的心里，想到夏天就联想到野餐。
(2)I always associate the smell of baking with my childhood.
一闻到烘烤食物的味道我就想起了童年。
(3)We are working in association with a number of local companies to raise money for the homeless.
我们与本地一些公司联合为无家可归的人筹款。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
完成句子
(1)I don't wish to ____________________ what has been said.我不希望别人把我和所说过的事联系起来。
(2)If you ______________________，you'll become one.
如果你与有成就者交往，你就会成为一个有成就的人。associate myself with associate with achievers 4．In addition，there are many more millions of people who speak English as a second language...除此之外，还有好几百万人把英语作为第二语言来使用……
[归纳拓展]in addition另外，此外
in addition to (＝besides)除……之外(还……)，后接名词、动名词或代词(1)She gave us sandwiches for picnic and a bag of cookies in addition.她给了我们三明治，以备野餐时吃，此外还有一包饼干。
(2)She does exercise every day.In addition，she eats a great deal of fruit.
她每天都做运动。此外，她还吃很多水果。
(3)In addition to the cost，the dress doesn't suit me.
除价格之外，这件衣服也不适合我穿。[即时跟踪]
用in addition或in addition to填空
(1)_____________ these subjects，they also taught history and geography.
(2)___________，he was taught how to repair computers.In addition to In addition 5．But I was so involved in the story that I didn't want to stop to check its meaning.但是我是如此专注于故事，以至于不想停下来查看它的意义。
[归纳拓展](1)be/get/become involved in卷入，陷入；参加，参与；全神贯注于，投入；与……有关联
(2)involve v．包含；需要；牵涉；影响
involve sb.in sth.把某人牵涉到某事里/让某人参与某事(1)The police had to check out the diary of the dead to find who might get involved in the case.
为了查出谁卷入了这桩案件，警察不得不查看死者的日记。
(2)The war involved a great increase in the national debts.
那场战争使国债大为增加。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)The reporter is curious to know whether the official __________ (involve) in the case.
完成句子
(2)I seem to ___________________ something I don't understand.
我似乎卷入了一件我并不知情的事情当中。
(3)I suspect that he ________________________ the affair.
我猜他和这件事多少有点牵连。is involved have involved myself in is more or less involved in 1．Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.第三，你们说我只要预付款就有折扣。
[归纳拓展](1)provided (that)＝providing (that)假若；倘若；倘使；如果；只要
suppose/supposing (that)如果；假如
given (that)假如；如果
(2)引导条件状语从句的词还有：if，unless，once，so/as long as，as/so far as，in case，on condition that等。(1)I'll agree to go provided/providing (that) my expenses are paid.
假若为我负担费用，我就同意去。
(2)As/So long as you don't lose heart，you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，你就会成功。
(3)Suppose/Supposing (that) she doesn't come，we will still go there.
要是她不来，我们还是要去那儿。[即时跟踪]
用所给动词的适当形式填空
(1)I will go too on condition that my husband ________ (go) abroad.
(2)We won't go on a picnic，provided that it _______ (rain)．
翻译句子
(3)如果考虑到他们是一些生手，他们做得就算不错了。(given that)
____________________________________________________
(4)假如不下雨我就去。(providing that)
__________________________________goes rains Given that they are inexperienced，they have done a good job. I shall go providing that it doesn't rain.2．They are so interesting that I watch them again and again.它们如此有趣，以至于我看了一遍又一遍。
[归纳拓展](1)so...that...如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句，常见的结构有：
(1)He is so busy a man that he can't leave his office.
他如此之忙以至于不能离开办公室。
(2)He was such a clever student that he worked out the problem.他是如此聪明的学生能够解决这个问题。
(3)So successful was her business that she was able to set up new branches elsewhere.
她生意如此成功已能在别处开分公司了。
(4)Such lovely children are they that each of us likes them very much.
他们是这么可爱的孩子，以至于我们中的每一个人都非常喜欢他们。[即时跟踪]
用so或such填空
(1)Maybe it was _______ crowded that my handbag slid off my arm.
(2)It was __________ a cold day that there was nobody in the street.
(3)There was __________ little water that many plants were dead.
(4)It was __________ a moving film that everyone was deeply moved.so such so such 句型转换
(5)It is such an interesting story that I want to read it again.
→It is ________________________ I want to read it again.
→The story is __________________ I want to read it again.so interesting a story that so interesting that 课件46张PPT。Period Five Grammar & Writing一、名词性从句
定义：在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词，根据它在句中不同的语法功能，可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句使用陈述语序。引导名词性从句的连接词分为三大类：
1．连接代词：what，which，who，whoever，whatever，whichever等。连接代词一般在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
What we should do next remains unknown.
我们下一步该干什么还不知道。
2．连接副词：when，where，why，how等。连接副词一般在从句中作状语。
Where the party will be held has not yet been announced.
还没有宣布晚会将在何处举行。3．从属连词：that，whether，if。从属连词that在句子中既不作成分也没有意义；whether/if在从句中不作成分，但表示疑问意义；主语从句位于句首表“是否”时只能用whether引导。
Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.
是否要开会仍然是个问题。
(一)主语从句
主语从句在句子中充当主语，句子的谓语动词用第三人称单数。[特别提示] that引导主语从句时，在句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接作用。不能省略that引导的主语从句可用形式主语it代替，常见的句式有：
1．It is/was＋形容词(necessary，likely，wrong，important， certain，strange等)＋that从句
2．It is/was＋名词(a pity，a shame，a fact，an honour，no wonder等)＋that从句
3．It is/was＋过去分词(known，expected，believed，thought， hoped，said，reported，proved等)＋that从句4．It＋特殊动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句
That he will come to the conference has excited every one of us.
他要来参加会议使我们每一个人都十分激动。
It is certain that Pam will lose her license.
现在看来帕姆一定会丢掉执照的。
It was decided that they (should) start the project the next month.
他们决定下个月开始这项工程。[高考链接1]
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．Your support is important to our work.__________ you can do helps.(2016·北京单选改编)
2．It is often the case _______ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江苏单选改编)
3．_______ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京)
4．________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.(2014·陕西)Whatever that How When Ⅱ.单句改错(仅有1处错误)
So if they had said was true，I would have a chance of winning the prize.(2010·全国Ⅰ，短文改错)
____________if后加what (二)宾语从句
宾语从句在句子中充当宾语，一般放在及物动词或介词之后。
1．that只起连接宾语从句的作用，在宾语从句中不作成分，无词义。
that引导单个宾语从句时，可以省略；that引导两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，但后面的宾语从句引导词that不可省略。2．hate，like，see to，take...for granted等动词(短语)的宾语从句常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在句尾。
3．介词后接宾语从句。
4．主句为：主＋系＋表，后接从句视为宾语从句。
I hate it when he talks with his mouth full of food.
我讨厌他嘴含食物时说话。
The new book is about how Shenzhou Ⅵ manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神舟六号载人航天飞船如何升入太空的。He didn't tell us where he worked.
他没有告诉我们他在哪里工作。
I wonder if/whether the news is true or not.
我不知道这个消息是否属实。
I was surprised that my friend hadn't passed the exam.
我很惊讶我的朋友没有通过考试。[特别提示] 表示命令、建议、意志、要求：command，order，suggest，advise，insist，desire，demand，require，request等动词，后面跟宾语从句时，从句谓语必须用should do，should可省略。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
司令命令部队即刻出发。
The teacher suggested that I (should) recite this passage.
老师建议我背诵这篇文章。[高考链接2]
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within. (2015·北京)
2．The exhibition tells us __________ we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川)
3．Some people believe __________ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014·北京)
4．Pick yourself up.Courage is doing _______ you’re afraid to do. (2014·福建)that why/that whatever what Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
________________________
2．If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt，tell your teacher immediately.
____________where→that或去掉where 去掉when (三)表语从句
在复合句中起表语作用的从句叫表语从句。即：从句放在be，look，remain，seem等系动词后构成表语从句。其基本结构为：主语＋系动词＋从句。
1．that引导表语从句时只起连接作用，在表语从句中不作任何成分，但是不能省略。
2．表“是否”时，只能用whether不用if引导表语从句。3．as if/though，because可以引导表语从句。
The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the product.
问题是我们能否降低产品的成本。
This is what I am interested in.
这就是我所感兴趣的。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看来要下雨了。
He didn't attend the meeting，which is because he was ill.
他没参加会议，那是因为他病了。[特别提示] 主语是reason时，用that而不用because引导表语从句。
The reason why he was late was that he had his bike broken.
他迟到的原因是他的自行车坏了。
主句的主语是idea，advice，suggestion，order，request，requirement等名词时，表语从句中谓语动词要用 “(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
My suggestion is that we (should) inform their parents of this.
我的建议就是把这件事情通知他们的父母。[高考链接3]
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ______ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京)
2．A ship in harbor is safe，but that’s not _______ ships are built for.(2015·安徽)
3．As John Lennon once said，life is ______ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.(2014·湖南)
4．Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That’s _______ I was born.”(2014·四川)that what what where Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
1．“He has ruined his health.We are worried about him.” That is which other teachers say.(2013·辽宁，短文改错)
______________
2．This is how I need to improve in the future.(2013·大纲全国，短文改错)
__________________which→what how→what/where (四)同位语从句
在复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句，以进一步解释对应名词的内容和含义。
同位语从句常跟在belief，doubt，explanation，hope，idea，news，opinion，possibility，thought，wish，fact，promise，suggestion，warning等名词之后。
1．that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用其他词语代替。
2．表示“是否”时，只能用whether引导同位语从句。3．同位语从句一般紧跟在同位词之后；有时因为谓语较短，为使句子平衡，也会把同位语从句放在后面，形成同位词与从句之间的隔离。
The fact that some countries are still suffering from poverty is really a great problem to the world.
有一些国家仍然贫穷对整个世界来说是一个大问题。The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.
人们仍然在讨论这样一个问题：为什么如此多的人愿意到乡下居住而到城里上班。
I have no idea whether he will come.
我不知道他是否会来。
News came that our football team had won the match.
消息传来：我们的足球队获得了那场比赛的胜利。[高考链接4]
用适当的连接词填空
1．The manager put forward a suggestion __________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津)
2．—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah，but I have no idea __________ he did it；that's one of his favorite universities.(2014·重庆)that why [总结]
1．名词性从句中引导词that是否省略的情况如下：
(1)that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不可以省略。
(2)that引导单个宾语从句时，可以省略。
(3)that引导两个或两个以上宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，但后面的宾语从句引导词that不可省略。2．名词性从句中whether 和if 含义均为“是否”，但用法有区别，主要区别如下：
(1)It＋be＋表语＋whether...句型中，只能用whether引导主语从句；
(2)表语从句只能用whether引导；
(3)同位语从句只能用whether引导；
(4)位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether；
(5)作介词的宾语只能用whether引导；
(6)和or not连在一起时只能用whether引导。二、非人称转述结构
1．定义
非人称转述结构是指： “It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”这一句型结构。意为“据……”。这个句型是用来转述人们的一般认识或说的话。
that引导的实际上是一个主语从句，且that 不能省略；it为形式主语。
2．常用动词
此句型的常用动词有admit，believe，claim，expect，hope，know，prove，predict，report，recognize，say，suppose，think等。It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed.
据信至少有20座楼房遭到破坏或彻底被摧毁。
It is supposed that the poor should be helped.
人们认为穷困的人应该受到帮助。
[特别提示] 若谓语是suggest，insist，advise，command，order，request，require，desire，demand等表“建议，命令，要求”的动词时，从句须用虚拟语气，即主语从句的谓语动词用“(should＋)do”形式。
It has been suggested that the work (should) be started at once.
人们已经建议立即动工。3．句型转换
(1)“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”可转换为Sth./Sb.＋be＋过去分词＋to do/to have done/to be doing。
①如果转述的动作与转述同时发生或之后发生，则不定式用一般式。
It is predicted that the goal will be fulfilled in several decades.
→The goal is predicted to be fulfilled in several decades.
据预测，这一目标需要几十年的时间才能达到。②如果转述的动作发生在转述之前，不定式用完成式。
He is said to have gone abroad two years ago.
据说他是两年前出的国。
③如果转述的动作此时正在发生，不定式用进行式。
He is said to be studying abroad now.
据说，他现在正在国外学习。
(2)“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”可以变为“People＋动词＋that从句”。
It was believed that there were nine suns in the sky before.
→People believed that there were nine suns in the sky before.
人们曾认为天上有九个太阳。[高考链接5]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
He is thought ______________(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(2014·江西)to have acted【文体指导】
英语书信通常由下列五个部分组成：
1．信头：信头包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。比较熟识的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可略去。
(1)日期通常有下列两种写法：月、日、年，例如；August 15th,2014或日、月、年，例如；15th，August,2014. (2)地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市(县)名、省名、国名(邮政编码通常写在城市名之后)。这同中文书信的地址写法完全相反。地址可以写1～3行，日期写在地址的下面。
2．称呼：称呼指写信人对收信人的称呼，如Dear Mr.Li，写在信头的下方和信笺的左边。称呼一般用Dear...或My dear...开头，称呼后一般用逗号。
3．正文：这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文要求语言通顺、层次分明、表意清楚。4．结束语：它是书信结尾的恭维话，相当于中文书信最后的“祝好”“致礼”之类的话语。“Best wishes(致以最美好的祝愿)”是最常用的结束语。
5．签名：签名通常在结束语下面的中间偏右的位置。在签名的上方可以根据写信人和收信人的关系写上Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely(用于长辈或朋友之间)，或Respectfully yours/Yours respectfully(用于对长辈或上级)。【常用句式】
1．I would be grateful if you could give me more information about...
2．Could you please send me information about...
3．Could you possibly tell me what...?
4．I wonder whether you could possibly send me details about...
5．I would prefer to have...，if possible.6．I would also like to stay on for another two days，if that is at all possible.
7．I would like to...provided that it has...
8．I would prefer not to share...unless/except if I have to...
9．It is not clear if/whether your company only arranges flights...
10．I look forward to hearing from you...【写作任务】
假如你叫李华，看到同学中有很多独生子女在生活中存在下列现象，请你给报社编辑写一封信，希望他们给同学们一些建议：
1．比较自私，难与同学相处；
2．不会关心他人，难理解父母；
3．遇事不会处理，过分依赖父母；
4．学习不努力，怕吃苦。 注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：自私的selfish
【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
英语书信属于应用文，旨在考查学生在实际生活中应用英语的能力，体现了学习英语的实用性原则。其格式如下：
1．信头：发信人地址和日期。有时可省去发信人地址，但一般要写日期。放在信笺右上方。2．称呼：Dear＋人名；写信给不知名的人时用Dear＋Sir(s)/Madam/Sir or Madam。
3．正文：信的正文是信函的主体部分。在做书信类书面表达题时应该按照题目要求把书信的要点表达清楚，使文章逻辑清晰、语言通顺。可以根据需要分为若干个段落。
4．结束语：结束语是书信结尾的恭维语。正式书信的结束语常用Good Luck！Best wishes！Send my love to your...等。
5．签名：签名在结束语下面。书信类书面表达一般会要求你用某个特定的名字签名。第二步 提炼要点
1．______________________我写信是想告诉你……
2．______________________尽一切努力做某事
3．___________________满足某人的渴望
4．_____________________________________使与某人友好相 处困难
5．__________________自我为中心的
6．___________________通过做某事溺爱某人
7．_____________依赖某人
8．_____________________宁愿不做某事
9．_____________________关心；挂念I'm writing to tell you...
try every effort to do sth.
satisfy one's desires
make it difficult to get along well with sb.
be self－entered
spoil sb.by doing sth.
depend on sb.
would rather not do sth.
be concerned about...第三步 扩点成句
1．我给你写信想告诉你某些独生子女学生身上存在的问题。
(一般表达)I'm writing to tell you something，and there are some problems about some only－child students.
(句式升级1)I'm writing to tell you some problems about some only－child students ______________(定语从句；have)．
(句式升级2)I'm writing to tell you some problems _________________________________.(现在分词作后置定语；exist in)that they have existing in some only－child students 2．由于单独家庭通常尽力给他们孩子所要的，并且满足他们的一切愿望，这些单独孩子就变得有点自私，结果难以与班里其他学生相处。
(一般表达)Because only－child families usually try every effort to give their children what they want and satisfy all their desires，these only－child students then become a little selfish.It makes it difficult for them to get along well with their classmates. (句式升级)Because only－child families usually try every effort to give their children what they want and satisfy all their desires，these only－child students then become a little selfish，____________________________________________ _______________.(现在分词作结果状语)
3．某些孩子以自我为中心，不能理解父母。
(一般表达)Some students think themselves as owners.They can't understand their parents.
(句式升级)Some students are self－centered _____________________________. (并列句；self－centered)making it difficult for them to get along well with their classmates and can't understand their parents 4．他们太依赖他们的父母了，不能处理困难局面。
(一般表达)They depend on their parents too much.They can't deal with difficult situations.
(句式升级1)They depend on their parents too much _______________________________________.(so that引导的结果状语从句)
(句式升级2)They depend on their parents too much _______________________________.(用and连接并列谓语)so that they can't deal with difficult situations and can't deal with difficult situations 【范文赏析】
Dear Editor，
I'm writing to tell you some problems existing in some only－child students.Because only－child families usually try every effort to give their children what they want and satisfy all their desires，these only－child students then become a little selfish，making it difficult for them to get along well with their classmates.What's more，there exists the generation gap between students and parents.Some students are self－centered and can't understand their parents. In addition，some parents spoil their children by doing everything for them.Therefore，they depend on their parents too much and can't deal with difficult situations.Owing to these，some students have become lazy and would rather not study hard.
I'm concerned about the situation.Could you please give some advice to help them get over these bad habits?
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua【亮点点评】
1．作者用了许多高级短语，如try every effort to，satisfy one's desires，get along well with，generation gap，depend on，be concerned about，get over等，丰富了文章的语言，使表达更准确。
2．What's more，in addition，therefore，owing to等过渡词的使用使文章结构紧凑。
3．There exists...和making it difficult for them to get along well with their classmates等高级句式和结构的使用增加了文章的亮点。课件8张PPT。科学家预言；未来200年内富人将转化成新人类！
The Rich will Become God－like
Cyborgs within 200 Years话题语篇导读The rich are set to become God－like cyborgs in what could be the ① (big) evolution2 in biology after life emerged.
This is according to Yuval Noah Harari，a professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem，who believes the extreme shift will take place in the next 200 years.
② (use) biotechnology and genetic engineering，Professor Harari claims the wealthy will transform into a new type of divine3，immortal4 human with complete power over life and death.He argues that humans are unable to resist the temptation to “upgrade” themselves，according to a report by Sarah Knapton in the Telegraph.
“We ③ (programme) to be dissatisfied，” said Professor Harari，during a recent speech at the Hay literary festival in Wales.
“Even when humans gain pleasure and achievements it is not enough.They want more and more.”I think it is likely in the next 200 years or so human beings will upgrade themselves into some idea of a divine being，either through biological manipulation5 or genetic engineering or by the creation of cyborgs，part organic，part non－organic.
“It will be the greatest evolution in biology after the appearance of life.Nothing ④ (real) has changed in four billion years biologically speaking.”
“But we will be as different from today's humans as chimps are now from us.”
The technology to do this，however，will be restricted to the very wealthy，claims Professor Harari.Up until now，he says society has been held together by inventing “fictions”，such as religion，money and the idea of fundamental human rights.
As long as humans believed they relied more and more on these gods they were controllable，he said.
“But what we see in the last few ⑤ (century) is that humans are becoming more powerful and they no longer need the crutches6 of the Gods.”
“Now we are saying we do not need God just technology，” he added.课件73张PPT。Period One
Warm－up & Lesson 1 FuturologyⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ n．放射；辐射
__________ adj.放射性的
2．__________ vt.帮助；协助
3．__________ adj.技术上的
__________ n．技术
4．__________ n．消遣；娱乐
5．__________ n．后者radiation
radioactive
assist
technical
technology
recreation
latter6．__________ n．事业；企业
7．__________ adj.方便使用的
8．__________ adv.不久；很快
9．__________ n．饥饿
__________ vi.挨饿；饿死
10．_____________ n．歧视；识别力
11．__________ n．争执；冲突
12．__________ n．平等
__________ adj.平等的；相等的enterprise
handy
shortly
starvation
starve
discrimination
conflict
equality
equal13．__________ vt.评估；评价
__________ n．评价
14．__________ adj.电子的
__________ n．电
__________ adj.电的；电动的；发电的
15．__________ n．专家
__________ adj.特别的；专门的assess
assessment
electronic
electricity
electric
specialist
specialⅡ.短语自测
1．__________向……里面看；调查
2．__________开玩笑，闹着玩
3．__________以……为基础
4．__________死于……
5．__________以……为生计；以……为主食
6．___________________和平而且平等地
7．__________执行，进行
8．__________ 把……连接到……
9．______________适合……look into
for fun
base...on...
die of...
live on
in peace and equality
carry out
link...to...
be suitable for1．Some like to read fantasy stories and imagine _______________________ in 10,50 or even 1,000 years' time.
有些人喜欢阅读幻想故事，想象世界在10年、50年甚至1 000年后会变成什么样。
2．_______________，the clothing industry _________________ new types of material that will remain stainless _____________________________.
到2015年，服装工业将生产出新型的材料，不论什么东西洒到材料上面，都不会留下污点。what the world will be like By the year 2015 will have produced no matter what you spill on them 3．Garments will also be ____________ they will never get old and worn.
衣服也将会结实耐穿，永远不会变旧和磨损。
4．By the year 2030，development in biochemistry and medical science will ______________________________________ for at least 150 years.
到2030年，生物化学和医学的发展将能够在理论上使人类生命延长到至少150岁。
5．By the middle of the century，computers that are __________________________ will have been developed.到本世纪中叶，比人类还要聪明几百万倍的计算机就会问世。so strong that have made it theoretically possible for us to live millions of times smarter than us 课文阅读理解
Ⅰ.Fast－reading
Scan the text and then finish the following question.
1．This text mainly tells us .
答案 some possibilities of the future world.
2．Write down the main idea of each paragraph.
Part 1：The definition of the .
答案 futurologistPart 2：About the __________ place，time，and content.
答案 meeting
Part 3：Six examples about the of the future.
答案 prediction
Part 4：The writer's ：time and place，what to do，advice： .
答案 plan to the meeting；Join itⅡ.Careful－reading
1．Which people of the following can be called futurologists?
A．People who like to read fantasy stories.
B．People who write about the future themselves.
C．People who plan the future for a living.
D．People who think about the future just for fun.
答案 C2．What was the most common theme in science fiction novels in the 19th century?
A．Adventure. B．Future.
C．Love. D．History.
答案 B
3．The futurologists will hold a seminar，aiming to .
A．do a research about future
B．solve some problems about energy and natural sources
C．study the chances of people setting on other planets
D．discuss the endless possibilities of the future
答案 D4．Why will many people want to attend the seminar?
A．Because they are curious about the future.
B．Because they want to make friends with futurologists.
C．Because they dream of starting new enterprises based on the predictions made by futurologists.
D．Because they can make a fortune at the seminar.
答案 C5．What is the prediction by the middle of the century?
A．A new type of electronic human might have developed.
B．No one will die of starvation.
C．Garments will be so strong that they will never get old and worn.
D．Tiny，insect－like robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies.
答案 A1．mass n．质量；团，块；大量
(1)n.质量
①How to calculate the mass of a planet?
如何计算一个行星的质量？
(2)n.团，块，堆；大量a mass/masses of众多，大量
the mass of大多数
the mass media大众传媒
the masses群众，人民大众[归纳拓展] ②Mary always seems to have a mass/masses of things to do.
玛丽似乎总是有一大堆事情要做。
(3)adj.大批的；数量多的；广泛的
③Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.
他们的最新产品瞄准了大众市场。④The mass of people in that country are Christians.
那个国家的大部分人是基督教徒。
⑤There were masses of dark clouds in the sky.
天空乌云密布。
[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)On his desk is _____ mass of books and papers.
(2)There ______(be) masses of flowers each year in my garden.aare 完成句子
(3)The rose bushes are ________________ in June.
六月的玫瑰园花团锦簇。
(4)There is ___________________ to be done.
有许许多多的工作要做。
(5)Only ______________________ will we obtain such change.
只有采取大规模直接行动，我们才会取得这样的改变。a mass of flowers a huge mass of work with mass direct action 2．The new international crew are planning to take over from the existing one and assist with repairs on Alpha，which suffered slight damage last week.
这个新国际乘组计划接替现有乘组并帮助维修Alpha 国际空间站，该空间站上周遭到轻微损坏。 (1)assist (sb.) in (doing) sth.帮助(某人)(做)某事
assist sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
assist sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事
(2)assistant adj.副的；助理的；n.助手；店员
(3)assistance n．帮助，援助[归纳拓展] (1)Two men are assisting the police with their enquiries.
有两个人正在配合警方的询问。
(2)We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.
我们将帮你找个住的地方。
(3)People around the world assisted the Japanese in fighting/to fight against the terrible earthquake.
全世界的人都帮助日本跟地震作斗争。[即时跟踪]
一句多译
(1)她经常帮助我弟弟学习英语。
①_________________________________________
②_________________________________________
③____________________________________________
单句改错
(2)Our headteacher often helps us in solving some problems. ______________She often assists/helps my brother with English.
She often assists my brother in learning English.
She often assists/helps my brother to learn English.helps→assists 3．In the 18th and 19th centuries，especially the latter，the most common theme in science fiction novels was the future.
在十八、十九世纪，特别是后者，科幻小说最常见的主题就是未来。
[归纳拓展]latter n．& adj.后者，后者的；末期的，后期的
latter有两个词性：作为名词用时，意为“后者，最后一位，末位”，常写为the latter，与the former相对，其复数形式亦为the latter；作形容词用时，意为“后者的，最后的，末尾的”。(1)In the latter years of his life he lived alone and never welcomed visitors.
他晚年独居，从不欢迎来访者。
(2)Ken and Mary came，the latter wearing a red dress.
肯和玛丽来了，后者(玛丽)穿着红色的连衣裙。
[易混辨析] late/lately/later/latter
(1)late adv.&adj.晚地(的)，迟地(的)
(2)lately＝recently“近来，最近”；多与现在完成时态连用，也可以与一般过去时连用[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)Ann and Hank have been _________.Last night they arrived almost 4 hours ______ than planned.__________，the _______ went to see the _______ movie ______ that evening.
安和汉克最近总是迟到。昨晚他们比原计划晚到了将近四个小时。后来，后者深夜去看最新的电影了。
翻译句子
(2)____________________________________________________________________
John和James是兄弟。前者是教师，后者是工程师。late lately late Later (on)latter latest late John and James are brothers.The former is a teacher，and the latter is an engineer. 4．Garments will also be so strong that they will never get old and worn.衣服也将会结实耐穿，永远不会变旧和磨损。
[归纳拓展](1)worn adj.磨损的
be worn out筋疲力尽；磨损
(2)wear out使(某人)筋疲力尽；磨损；用坏(1)She lived a hard life and always wore worn clothes.
她生活艰难，总是穿着破旧的衣服。
(2)Your shoes are worn out；you have to buy a new pair.
你的鞋子破了，你得买双新的。
(3)They were worn out after a long day spent working in the fields.
他们在地里干了一整天的活儿，累得疲惫不堪。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)She _____________ after a day's walk.
走了一天，她筋疲力尽。
(2)He __________ two pairs of shoes last year.
去年他磨坏了两双鞋子。
单句改错
(3)Before the race，he is fine.But afterwards he wore out. ________________was worn out wore outwore→is worn 5．By the year 2025，no one will die of starvation because there will be food for everyone.到2025年，没有人会饿死，因为人人都会有食物。
[归纳拓展](1)starvation n．饥饿；饿死
die of starvation饿死；死于饥饿
(2)starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死；饿得要死
starve to death饿死
starve for sth.渴望获得某物；缺乏某物(常用于被动语态)(1)Nowadays，there is still a phenomenon in poor area that many people die of starvation.
现在，在贫困地区仍存在许多人死于饥饿的现象。
(2)Everyone starves for something that they need.
每个人都渴望获得他们需要的东西。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)I was suffering from serious sunstroke，__________(starve) and exhaustion.
完成句子
(2)The young scientist __________ more books in his field.
这位年轻的科学家渴望能多读些他的领域里的书籍。
(3)They got lost in the desert and _______________________________.
他们在沙漠中迷了路，饿死了。starvation starved for died of starvation/starved to death 6．There will therefore no longer be any conflict and people will be able to live together in peace and equality.所以将不再会有任何冲突，人们能够和平、平等地生活在一起。
[归纳拓展1]conflict n．冲突，矛盾，斗争 [C，U]；v.冲突；抵触，相左
(1)A comes into conflict with B
A is in conflict with B(状态)
(2)A and B conflict
A conflicts with B(动作)(1)There is a growing conflict of interest between her position as a politician and her business activities.
她从政者的身份和她的商务活动之间的利益冲突日益严重。
(2)If so，your points of view are bound to conflict with his.
如果这样的话，你的观点一定会和他的起冲突。[即时跟踪1]
用come into conflict或be in conflict的正确形式填空
(1)How long _______ you _______________ with each other?
(2)When did you begin to _________________ with each other?
完成句子
(3)John often ______________________ his boss.
约翰经常和他的老板发生争执。
(4)Their opinions on the accident _______________ ours.
对于这个事故，他们的观点和我们的截然不同。have been in conflict come into conflict comes into conflict with conflicted with (1)equality n．平等
(2)equal adj.相等的；平等的；能胜任的；v.等于；比得上
be equal to sb./sth.和某人/某物相等
be equal to sth.能胜任/应付某事
be equal in在……比得上/抵得过[归纳拓展2](1)Don't you believe in equality between men and women?
难道你不相信男女平等吗？
(2)I don't think he can be equal to this position.
我认为他不能胜任这个职位。
(3)No one can equal him in playing table tennis in his school.
在他的学校里，他打乒乓球无敌手。[即时跟踪2]
用equal的正确形式填空
(1)Women demand _______ pay for equal work.
(2)Eight times eight ________ sixty－four.
(3)All three children have __________ in our family.
完成句子
(4)All our activities are premised on the basis of “____________________”．
我们所有的活动都是以“优质、平等”为前提的。equal equals equality Quality with Equality7．Tiny，insect－like robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us healthy.
可以把微小的，如昆虫大的机器人放置于人体细胞中以评估我们的健康状况和进行修复使我们健康。
[归纳拓展] (1)Damage caused by the flood to the village was assessed at $40,000.
洪水给这个村子造成的损失估定为4万美元。
(2)It's a correct assessment of historical figures.
这是对历史人物的正确评价。[即时跟踪]
用assess的适当形式填空
Recently，the price of housing is getting higher and higher.Before we buy a house，we must have the house __________. Some agencies，which has the right to make an ____________ of the house，get used to __________ a house at a low price so that the buyer can pay less taxes.
最近，住房的价格越来越高。买房子之前，我们必须对房子进行评估。一些房屋评价机构习惯了把房子的价格评估得很低，目的是使买方可以少缴税。assessed assessment assessing1．Hannah Jones looks into the future.
汉娜·琼斯展望未来。
[归纳拓展]look into调查(问题、罪行等)；窥视，朝……的里面看
look back (on sth.)回忆，回顾
look up to尊敬，钦佩
(1)When we look across a field we always look into space.
当我们眺望田野，我们总是把目光投向天空。
(2)We have to look into the cause of the accident.
我们得调查这起事故的原因。
(3)They looked around and all they could see is darkness.他们向四周看，所能看到的仅有黑暗。
(4)I looked through several magazines in the beauty shop.
我在美容院翻阅了几本杂志。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)It is reported that the police will soon look _______ the case of the two missing children.
(2)I have looked __________ all my papers but I still can't find my notes.into through 完成句子
(3)He travelled from place to place，____________ the social problems of all kinds.
他到处奔跑，了解各种社会问题。
(4)The old soldiers like to _____________ those unforgettable years in the army.
那些老战士们喜欢回忆在部队的那些难忘的日子。
(5)_____________ old people is a good tradition.
尊敬老年人是一种优良传统。looking into look back on Looking up to 2．But for some people，thinking about the future is not just for fun. 但对某些人而言，考虑有关未来的问题不仅仅是为了娱乐。
[归纳拓展]for fun为了消遣
have fun玩得高兴/开心
make fun of嘲弄，取笑(1)I decided to learn playing chess，just for fun.
我决定学习下棋，只是为了消遣。
(2)Honestly speaking，we had a lot of fun at Sarah's party last night.
说实话，昨晚我们在萨拉的聚会上玩得很开心。
(3)We shouldn't make fun of the disabled.On the contrary，we should show our respect for them.
我们不应该取笑残疾人。相反，我们应该尊重他们。[即时跟踪]
用fun短语的正确形式填空
(1)They ____________ her because she wore such strange clothes.
(2)I'll do some reading ________，and for knowledge as well.
(3)Last night，he ________ with his old friends.
单句改错
(4)What a fun it is to play games at night._______made fun of for fun had fun 去掉a 3．By the year 2025，no one will die of starvation because there will be food for everyone.
到2025年，没有人会饿死因为人人都会有食物。
[归纳拓展]die of死于
die out逐渐消失；绝种，灭绝
die away(声音)逐渐消失
die down逐渐减弱，平息
die for为……而死
die off逐渐死去(1)Father told the children that he would die of hunger before he would steal.
父亲告诉孩子们他就是饿死也不会去偷。
(2)No one have come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaur die out.
尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个令人信服的解释。
(3)The sound of the waves had died away，leaving the sea quiet and curiously still.
海上浪涛声逐渐消失，宁静得出奇。[易混辨析] die of/die from
(1)die of表示由于某种内部原因而死，如die of cold/hunger/ old age/lung cancer/heart disease/grief，etc.
(2)die from表示由于外部原因而死，如die from a wound/ lack of food/accident/overwork/ drinking，etc.[即时跟踪]
介、副词填空
(1)There was great fear that people would die ______ hunger if the famine continued.
(2)The soldier died _______ a wound in the breast.
(3)Lots of them died ______ the cause of liberation.
(4)The flowers are dying ______ because there has been no rain.
单句改错
(5)This kind of tiger has nearly died away，so we must take measures to save them.___________of from for off away→out 4．Tiny，insect－like robots may be sent around the cells of our bodies to assess our health and carry out repairs to keep us healthy.
微小的、如昆虫大小的机器人可放置于人体细胞周围，检查我们的健康状况并对患病部位进行修复，保持人体健康。carry out 执行，实施，实行；贯彻；实现
carry out a new policy 实施一项新政策
carry on (with sth.) 继续
carry around＝carry about带着；随身携带
carry back 运回；拿回；使回想；使回忆起[归纳拓展] (1)She had finally carried out her promise to quit smoking.
她最终实现了戒烟的诺言。
(2)As a monitor，you should carry out your duty.
作为班长，你应当履行你的职责。
(3)The old photos carry me back to the days when I was in San Francisco.
这些老照片使我回忆起我在旧金山的日子。[即时跟踪]
介、副词填空
(1)We must carry _____ till success in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.
(2)Extensive tests have been carried ______ on the patient.
(3)The sight of the place carried her ______ to her childhood.
完成句子
(4)He had finally ______________________ to quit smoking.
他最终实现了戒烟的诺言。
(5)He had learned enough German _______________________.
他已学了足够的德语来进行会话。on out back carried out his promise to carry on a conversation 5．No one will have to live on welfare as everyone will have jobs and discrimination will be a part of the past.没有人会再依靠社会保障金生活，每一个人都会有工作，歧视将成为历史。
[归纳拓展]live on继续生活或生存；以……为主食；靠(……钱)生活
live through经历……还活着
live up to遵守；实践；符合
live a．..life过着……样的生活
live for为……而活着(1)I had to live on bread and water when I was a college student.
我上大学时只能靠粗茶淡饭过活。
(2)The old woman is not likely to live through the winter.
那位老妇人不大可能活过这个冬天。
(3)It is not right for many people to live for money.
对于许多人来讲为钱而活是不对的。[易混辨析] live on/live by/feed on
(1)live on以……为主食；靠……生活，其后常接表示“食物”、“收入”等的名词。
(2)live by靠……(手段)谋生，后常接表示“获得经济手段”的名词或v.－ing形式。
(3)feed on主要指动物，意为“以……为主要食物”。[即时跟踪]
用live on，live by或feed on的正确形式填空
(1)In flat open country there is plenty of grass for the cattle to __________.
(2)Writers __________ their pens while fishermen __________ fishing.
(3)The whole family __________ the earnings of the two sisters.
介词填空
(4)I doubt if grandmother will live __________ the night.
(5)One should not live __________ oneself alone.
(6)I try to live up __________ the high standard of the school.feed on live by live by live on through for to 1．By the year 2015，the clothing industry will have produced new types of material that will remain stainless no matter what you spill on them.到2015年，服装业将生产出新型材料，不论什么东西溅到上面，都不会留下污点。
[归纳拓展] 这是一个主从复合句，by the year 2015是时间状语，the clothing industry will have produced new types of material是主句，that will remain stainless是定语从句；定语从句中no matter what you spill on them是让步状语从句。(1)by构成时间状语时，谓语动词有三种完成时态的形式：
①by＋过去时间点，主语＋谓语(过去完成时态)＋宾语……
②by＋现在时间点，主语＋谓语(现在完成时态)＋宾语……
③by＋将来时间点，主语＋谓语(将来完成时态)＋宾语……
(2)whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever既可以引导名词性从句，即主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。在引导让步状语从句时，等同于no matter what/who/whom/which。(1)By next month，Tom will have saved enough to buy a used car.
到下个月，汤姆就会攒够钱买辆二手车了。
(2)Whatever/No matter what happens，don't be surprised.
无论发生什么，都别惊讶。
(3)Put down whatever you are doing and join the party.
放下你的工作，来参加聚会。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)We ____________ learning five units by the end of last term.
截止上个学期末，我们已经学完了五个单元。
(2)__________________________________，you must keep on until you have finished it.
无论做什么工作，你都要坚持完成。
(3)You may choose _________________________________.
你可以在这家超市里挑选你喜欢的任何东西。had finished Whatever/No matter what work you do whatever you like in this supermarket 2．By the year 2030，development in biochemistry and medical science will have made it theoretically possible for us to live for at least 150 years.到2030年，生物化学和医学的发展将能够在理论上使人类至少活到150岁。句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式(for us) to live for at least 150 years。possible为宾语补足语。句型结构如下：
动词＋it＋宾语补足语(形容词/名词)＋真正的宾语(不定式/动名词/从句)
用于本句型的常见动词有：consider，find，think，make，regard，feel，believe，appreciate等。[归纳拓展] (1)We all find it not easy to master a foreign language without enough practice.
我们都发现没有足够的练习，要掌握一门外语很难。
(2)He makes it a rule to help the old in his community every weekend.
他把每周末去帮助社区里的老人定为常规。(3)We all thought it a pity that the conference should have been cancelled.
会议竟然取消了，我们都感到很遗憾。
(4)The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.
这位教授认为读书而不求甚解无益处。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)__________________________ other people to make your decision for you.
我认为等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
(2)___________________________ that we master English.
老师认为我们有必要掌握英语。
句型转换
(3)Do you think it is possible to catch the first bus on time?
→Do you _______________________ the first bus on time?I think it no good waiting for Our teachers think it necessary think it possible to catch 3．By the middle of the century，computers that are millions of times smarter than us will have been developed.到这个世纪中期，比我们聪明百万倍的电脑将被研制出来。
[归纳拓展]millions of times用来修饰smarter，表示倍数。在比较级前加上适当的修饰词，可以表示比较的程度。
倍数的表达法：
(1)A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋形容词或副词原级＋as＋B(2)A＋谓语＋倍数＋形容词或副词的比较级＋than＋B
(3)A＋be＋倍数＋the＋计量名词(表面积、大小、长宽等)＋of＋B
(4)The ＋计量名词＋of＋A＋be＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A＋be＋倍数＋what从句(1)The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.
这本字典的价格恰好是那本的5倍。
(2)Our classroom is three times as large as theirs.
我们的教室是他们教室的三倍大。
(3)The building that is being built is four times the height (size) of the old one.
正在建造的高楼是旧楼的四倍高(大)。
(4)The production now is three times what it was ten years ago.
现在的产量是十年前的三倍。[即时跟踪]
句型转换
(1)The road is three times as wide as that one.
→The road is three times ___________ of that one.
→___________ of the road is three times that of that one.
→The road is three times ___________ that one.
(2)The output of this year is twice that of last year.
→The output of this year is twice ______ it was last year.
完成句子
(3)We had ___________________________ we expected.
来的人是我们预料的人数的三倍。the width The width wider than what three times as many people as 课件36张PPT。Period Two
Lesson 2 Artificial IntelligenceⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ vt.主持(电视或广播节目)；呈现
2．__________ n．类别；类型
3．__________ adj.自主的；自治的
4．__________ n．电脑程序编制员
__________ n．程序；节目
5．__________ n．创造者
__________ vt.创造
6．__________ n．官员present
category
autonomous
programmer
programme
creator
create
official7．__________ n．同事，同僚
8．__________ vt.拯救，救援
9．__________ n．出口；通道
10．__________ v．使不连接；切断
__________ vt.连接
11．__________ adj.起初的；最早的
__________ adv.最初，当初
12．__________ adj.工作着的，即可使用的
__________ n．操作；手术
13．__________ n．指导者；教练
__________ vt.指导；教授colleague
rescue
exit
disconnect
connect
original
originally
operational
operation
instructor
instructⅡ.短语自测
1．________________换句话说
2．________________换言之
3．________________预先
4．________________接收，接管
5．________________弥补
6．________________把……传达给某人
7．________________泄露(秘密)；捐赠
8．________________与……相处融洽
9．________________弄清楚
10．________________取得控制in other words
put it another way
in advance
take over
make up for
get across to sb.
give away
get on fine with
figure out
take control1．The woman enjoyed the film，____________ it was shown a long time ago.
尽管这部电影很久之前就放映过了，那个女人还是很喜欢它。
2．I was so angry that I walked out，___________________________________________.
我如此愤怒，以至于走了出来，留下他坐在那里，非常震惊、脸色苍白。leaving him sitting there shocked and white－faced even though1．She presents the news twenty－four hours a day on Ananova.com.她每天二十四小时都在Ananova网站主持新闻节目。
[归纳拓展]present
(1)vt.主持(电视或广播节目)；呈现，赠送
present sb.with sth.把……送给……，给……颁发……
present sth.to sb.把……送给……，给……颁发……
present sth.(to sb.)(for sth.)提交……(给……)(以供……)(2)adj.目前的，现在的(作前置定语)；出席的，在场的(作后置定语)
at the present time目前，现在
be present at出席……(反义词组：be absent from...缺席……)
(3)n.礼物，礼品；现在，目前
at present(＝at the present time)目前，现在
for the present(＝for the time being)目前，当前(1)She used to present a gardening programme on TV.她曾在电视上主持过一个园艺节目。
(2)During the graduation ceremony，the principal presented each graduate with a diploma.
毕业典礼上，校长给每位毕业生颁发了毕业证书。
(3)“At present，my blood is about up to the boiling point.”said George.
“现在，我全身的血都快沸腾了。”乔治说。[语境串记]
At present，the girl present at the meeting is considering asking her father for the book that has just been presented to him as a birthday present.
现在，出席会议的那个女孩正考虑向她父亲要那本刚赠给他的书作为自己的生日礼物。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)The committee __________ (present) its final report to Parliament in June.
句型转换
(2)He presented a silver cup to the winner.
→He __________ the winner ______ a silver cup.will present presented with 完成句子
(3)They __________ a sum of money ______ the college in memory of their son.
他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。
(4)Colleagues __________ the retiring chairman ______ a cheque.
同事们把一张支票交给退休的主席。presented to presented with 2．Dave also goes outside the ship to rescue Frank，and HAL refuses to let him back in.
戴维也去飞船外面去营救法兰克，而HAL拒绝让他回去。
[归纳拓展]rescue n．& vt.营救
rescue...from...把……从……中营救出来
come/go to a person's rescue来/去救某人(1)He rescued three children from the burning building.
他从燃烧的高楼内救出了三个孩子。
(2)He got a purchase on a branch until we came to his rescue.
他紧紧抓住一根树枝直到我们来救他。
[即时跟踪]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
(1)Charles did what he could __________(rescue) the servant，although he himself was in danger.to rescue 完成句子
(2)You ________________ an embarrassing situation.
我正感到尴尬，你为我解了围。
(3)We ________________ and pulled him out of the river.
我们对他进行了救助，将他从河里拉了出来。
单句改错
(4)Rescuing timely，they now live a peaceful life. __________________rescued me from came to his rescue Rescuing→Rescued 1．What I'm trying to say is that we sent the questions to her programmers in advance.
我想说的是我们提前给她的设计者送去了问题。
[归纳拓展]in advance 预先，事先
in advance of sth.在……之前，超过
on the advance在上涨
make advances取得进展
(2)advance on/upon/towards朝……前进
(3)advanced adj.先进的；高级的(1)To complete the work on time，you'd better make a plan in advance.
为了按时完成工作，你最好提前制订一个计划。
(2)His ideas were in advance of his times，and only a few people could understand him.
他思想走在时代的前列，只有少数人能理解他。
(3)I'm afraid that the housing price is still on the advance.
恐怕房价仍在上涨。
(4)He advanced on/upon/towards me in a threatening manner and I felt a little frightened.
他以威胁的姿态向我走来，我有点儿害怕。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)The ancient Egyptians had __________ (advance) civilization.
完成句子
(2)Science ________________________(取得很大进展) in recent years.
(3)Teachers often ask the students to prepare their lessons ___________________(在考试之前)．
(4)You need to _________________________(预先付房款)．advanced has made great advances in advance of the test pay for the house in advance 2．It is reported that the millionaire has decided to give away all his money to charities.有报道说这位百万富翁已经决定将他所有的钱都捐给慈善事业。
[归纳拓展]give away 捐赠；赠送；泄露(秘密)
give back归还，送回
give in认输，投降，屈服；交上，呈上
give off发出
give out用尽；停止运行；宣布；发出
give up放弃；投降(2)I was afraid the kids would give the whole thing away.
我害怕孩子们会把这整件事说出去。
(3)Parents should not give in to their children too much.
父母不应该过分迁就孩子。
(4)Tom gave out in the middle of the race and couldn't run any farther.
汤姆跑到一半就筋疲力尽，再也跑不动了。[即时跟踪]
写出下列句子中give away的含义
(1)The university chancellor gave away our diplomas. ________
(2)He gave away most of his money to the homeless in the earthquake－stricken area.________
(3)Please don't give my secret away！________
介词填空
(4)He would rather die than give ____.
(5)After working for a whole day，he gave _____.
(6)The flowers give __________ a pleasant smell.
(7)No matter what happens，I'll not give _____ the plan.颁发 捐赠 泄露 in out out/off up 3．The team will be anxious to make up for a disappointing start to the season.这个队将急于弥补本赛季那令人失望的开端。
[归纳拓展]make up for弥补；补偿
make up编造；化妆；组成
make up one's mind下决定
make out辨认出；理解
make use of利用
make way (for)让路
make for朝……走去，朝……前进
make it成功，达到(1)Hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.
努力工作常常可以弥补能力的不足。
(2)Six women and nineteen men make up the committee.
这个委员会由6名女士和19名男士组成。
(3)Uncle Dick made up an interesting story for the children.
迪克叔叔为孩子们编了一个有趣的故事。[即时跟踪]
写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思
(1)We need a goal keeper to make up a complete football team.__________
(2)He made up a bottle of cough medicine.__________
(3)They had an argument，but they have already made up. __________
用make短语的正确形式填空
(4)I can't __________ what she said.
(5)After the concert，the crowd __________ the door.
(6)He has _________________ to ____________ his spare time to study hard.组成 配制 和解 make out made for made up his mind make use of 4．His only reason for investing in the company was to take it over.他在公司里投资的唯一理由就是接管它。
[归纳拓展]take over 接管；接收
take up占用(时间、空间)；开始(做某项工作)
take off移开；脱下；起飞；成名
take in吸入；改小，改瘦(衣服)；理解；欺骗，蒙骗
take down拆除，拆掉；写下，记录
take on呈现，具有(特征、外观等)；接纳(乘客) (1)They have taken over our firm by buying up shares.
他们通过收购股权接管了我们的公司。
(2)I was taken in by the salesman—the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.
推销员欺骗了我——那辆汽车结果既不经济又不牢靠。
(3)Johnson took over the chairmanship of the committee yesterday.
约翰逊昨天接任委员会主席一职。[即时跟踪]
用take短语的正确形式填空
(1)She __________ her first teaching post in 1950.
(2)I hear the business is really __________.
(3)Brett's always __________ stray animals.
(4)We are __________ 50 new staff this year.
完成句子
(5)She decided that I was the ideal person __________________.
她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。took up taking off taking in taking on to take over the job 1．The woman enjoyed the film，even though it was shown a long time ago.尽管这部电影很久之前就放映过了，那个女人还是很喜欢它。
[归纳拓展]even though引导让步状语从句，等于even if。常引导让步状语从句的连词有：though，although，as(只用于句中，成分需倒装)，whether...or...(无论……还是……)，even if，even though，while(只用于句首)，however(后跟adj./adv.)，whatever，no matter how/what/who等。(1)I like her，even though she can be annoying at times.
尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜欢她。
(2)Child as/though he was，he knew what was the right thing to do.
虽然是个孩子，但他明白什么该做什么不该做。
(3)While he has his own car，he goes to work on foot.
虽然他自己有车，但他步行去上班。
(4)However great the trouble is，we will try our best to finish the work on time.
无论困难多么大，我们会竭力按时完成工作。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)Hot ______ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
(2)__________ the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.
(3)________ the Internet is of great help，I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it.as Although While 完成句子
(4)He went out ________________________.
尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。
(5)________________________，I enjoy it.
虽然工作艰苦，我还是很喜欢。even though it was raining Even though it's hard work 2．I was so angry that I walked out，leaving him sitting there shocked and white－faced.我如此愤怒，以至于走了出来，留下他坐在那里，非常震惊、脸色苍白。
[归纳拓展]leaving...为动词－ing短语形式作结果状语；shocked and white－faced为形容词短语在句中作状语，表示伴随。
形容词短语作状语，通常表示主语所处的状态和情况，可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等。(1)He likes leaving the door closed and the windows open when he goes to sleep.
他睡觉时喜欢关门开窗。
(2)All day long，he leaves the light on.
一整天他都开着灯。
(3)He went away，leaving the work unfinished.
工作未做完他就走了。(4)Last night I lay in bed，awake.
昨天晚上我躺在床上，醒着。
(5)Crusoe stared at the footprint，full of fear.
克鲁索两眼盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。
(6)Wet or fine，he got up at six and took a walk in the park.
不管是晴天还是下雨，他总是六点钟起床并到公园里散步。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)Don't leave the water __________ (run)while you brush your teeth.
(2)Lily's mother leaves her __________ (stay)at home alone.
(3)Did you leave the doors and windows properly __________ (fasten)?running staying fastened 翻译句子
(4)又失望又伤心，她病倒了。
_______________________________
(5)因为害怕，他藏在床底下。
_______________________________Disappointed and sad，she fell ill.
Frightened，he hid under the bed.课件47张PPT。Period Three
Lesson 3 Scientific BreakthroughsⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ n．步骤；程序
2．__________ vt.捐赠；赠送
3．__________ vi.通信；符合
4．__________ adv.同时
5．__________ vi.分离，分开procedure
donate
correspond
meanwhile
split6．__________ adj.最重要的；n.总理
7．__________ adj.直言的，坦率的
8．__________ n．后果，结果
9．__________ vt.治愈
10．__________ vi.努力解决；摔跤；搏斗
11．__________ n．专利premier
outspoken
outcome
cure
wrestle
patentⅡ.短语自测
1．_______________在某范围内变化
2．_______________用……代替……
3．_______________计算出
4．_______________被认为是……
5．_______________向某人求助range from...to...
replace...with...
figure out
be thought to be
turn to sb.6．_______________努力解决难以处理的事物
7．_______________献身于；专注于
8．_______________错误地；由于差错
9．_______________感谢……，对……心存感谢
10．_______________试验……，试用……wrestle with sth.
be dedicated to
by mistake
be grateful for
experiment with1．In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man _____________ his one－year－old baby __________ he was suddenly inspired.
1905年的夏天，这位直率的年轻人正摇着他一岁大的孩子，这时他突然产生了灵感。
2．Einstein had already become world－famous when a young ex－lawyer，______________________________，started work in California.
从一战中转战回来，曾经担任过律师的年轻人在加利福尼亚开始工作时，爱因斯坦已经举世闻名了。was rocking when returning from the First World War 3．He double－checked and saw a blue mould in the dish ______________________________________.
他仔细检查了一下，看到碟子里有一种蓝色的霉斑，其周围的细菌都被消灭了。
4．______________________ it.
此事毋庸置疑。around which the bacteria had been destroyed There is no doubt about 课文阅读理解
Ⅰ.Fast－reading
1．What's the main idea of Paragraph 1?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2．List five pioneers in the discoveries according to the text.
①_____________ ②____________ ③________________ ④_______ ⑤_________To mention the scientific breakthroughs in the 20th century./To
mention the most important discoveries of the 20th century.Albert Einstein Edwin Hubble Alexander Fleming Eckert Mauchly 3．Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
It is difficult to choose the most important discovery of the 20th century，but the pioneers are easy to choose.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________Although it is impossible to choose the most important discovery， it is possible to single out a few pioneers of the 20th century. 4．Translate the following sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.
Without the breakthroughs of these pioneers in science and technology，whether lucky or planned，the world as we know it today would have been a completely different place.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________没有这些先驱者们在科技方面的重大突破，不管是靠运气
还是有计划地进展，我们今天所了解的这个世界将会是完
全不同的样子。Ⅱ.Careful－reading
1．Why would people have a real dilemma，if they had to choose the single most important discovery of the 20th century?
A．Because different people have different ideas and it's difficult to choose.
B．Because there were no great discoveries in the 20th century.
C．Because there was no common standard to judge.
D．Because so many amazing discoveries were made in medicine，communications，transport and many other fields，and they all had a great influence on the world.
答案 D2．How did Einstein think of the equation “E＝mc2”？
A．When he was at work.
B．His assistant helped him.
C．When he was rocking his one－year－old baby，he was inspired.
D．His dream inspired him.
答案 C3．Whose discovery can be used to save people's lives according to the text?
A．Alexander Fleming's.
B．Edwin Hubble's.
C．Albert Einstein's.
D．Eckert and Mauchly's
答案 A4．What's the original purpose of designing the first computer?
A．To do some difficult experiments.
B．To improve the accuracy of the missiles.
C．To help people make mathematics calculations.
D．To replace the missiles，becoming a new weapon.
答案 B1．Medical advances ranged from discovering the causes of diseases under microscopes to surgical procedures replacing diseased organs with donated ones.人们在显微镜下看到了致病的原因，掌握了用捐献的器官来替换染病器官的外科手术程序，诸如此类都是医学取得的进步。(1)donate vt.捐赠；赠送
donate sth.to sb.向某人捐赠某物
donate sth.to do sth.为了做某事而捐赠某物
(2)donation n．捐款，赠送，捐赠
make a donation to向……捐赠[归纳拓展] (1)Last year Mr.Wilson donated one million dollars to cancer research.
去年威尔逊先生捐了一百万美元来支持癌症研究。
(2)We want to make a donation to the Hope Project，so we are organizing a charity show.
我们想为希望工程捐款，所以我们正在组织一次慈善演出。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)He asked for a __________ (donate) but went away empty handed.
完成句子
(2)He __________ large amounts of money ______ the university.他给这所大学捐献了一大笔钱。
(3)Many people and companies __________ charity for this earthquake.
许多人和公司因为这次地震向慈善机构捐款。donation donated to donate to 2．...the way we correspond went from writing letters to emailing.……我们通信的方式由过去的书信发展为电子邮件。
[归纳拓展]correspond vi.通信；相类似；相应；一致；符合
correspond with sb.与某人通信
correspond with/to与……一致；符合
correspond to类似于，相当于(1)If we correspond regularly we shan't lose/be out of touch for years.
若我们常通信，这几年就不会失去联系。
(2)We've corresponded with each other by email for years but I've never actually met him.
我们通过电子邮件通信多年了，可是我从未见过他本人。
(3)What he did doesn't correspond with/to what he said.
他做的和他说的不相符。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)The translation does not quite correspond ______ the original.
(2)I assure you what I do will correspond ________ what I say.
完成句子
(3)She stopped _____________________ after the death of her mother.
她母亲去世后她不再与他通信。
(4)These goods don't ________________ my order form.
这些货物与我的订单不符。to with corresponding with him correspond with 3．We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。
[归纳拓展]meanwhile(＝meantime) adv.同时；n.期间
in the meanwhile/meantime在此期间(1)The next programme will begin in five minutes；meanwhile let's listen to some music.
下一个节目五分钟后开始，在此期间让我们听点音乐吧。
(2)I had to wait an extra hour，so I wrote letters in the meantime.
我必须再等一小时，所以在此期间我写了一些信。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)Jim went to answer the phone.____________，Harry started to prepare lunch.
翻译句子
(2)妈妈正在打扫房间，与此同时，爸爸正在做饭。
________________________________________________________________________Meanwhile Mother was cleaning the room.Meanwhile/In the meanwhile， father was cooking. 4．During the Second World War，when Fleming‘s discovery was first helping to cure people，the US Navy was looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their missiles.在二战期间，当弗莱明的发明首度被用来治病时，美国海军正在寻找提高导弹命中率的方法。
[归纳拓展]cure vt.& n．治愈
cure sb.(of sth.)治愈某人(某病)；改正某人……不良行为
a cure for...……的一种治疗法(1)According to a medical specialist，the only way to cure backache is to rest.
据一位医学专家说，治愈背痛的唯一方法是休息。
(2)She tried every means to cure her child of the bad habit.
她想尽一切办法试图改掉她孩子的这个恶习。
(3)To my satisfaction，this medicine cured me of my cold.
让我感到满意的是，这种药治好了我的感冒。
(4)There is no known cure for the illness，but it can be treated.
这种病没有治愈方法，但可以医治。[易混辨析] cure/treat
(1)cure治疗，治愈，强调治疗的结果；cure sb.of治愈某人的……病。
(2)treat治疗，医治，为日常用语，强调治疗的过程；treat sb.for给某人看……病。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)Many cancer victims can __________(cure) if the disease is detected early enough.
用cure或treat的正确形式填空
(2)The doctor __________ his headache with a new drug but didn't ______ him.be cured treated cure (3)They _______ everything I say as some kind of joke.
(4)Parents must try to ______ their children of bad habits.
翻译句子
(5)这种药可治好你的牙痛。
________________________________________This medicine can cure you of your toothache. treat cure 1．We started flying around the world and meanwhile，scientists figured out how to split the atom，previously thought to be the smallest particle of matter in the universe.我们开始在世界各地飞行，同时，科学家们发现了怎样分离原子，而原子以前被认为是宇宙中最小的物质微粒。figure out想出，算出；理解，弄明白；解决；断定
figure in把……考虑在内
figure on计划；打算；预料到
figure sb.to be料想某人是……[归纳拓展] (1)Actually，we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
实际上，我们需要经常注意我们的行为，时刻明白我们是谁。
(2)Don't figure on the weather being fine for your garden party.
别指望天气会为你们举办游园会而变得好起来．
(3)The bill you paid doesn't figure in the tip you have to give to the waiter.
你支付的账单并没有包括你必须给服务员的小费。[即时跟踪]
写出下列句子中figure out的汉语意思
(1)I can't figure out why he quit his job.________________
(2)Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost？______
(3)Can you figure out the truth of the news？______理解，弄明白 算出 断定 翻译句子
(4)汤姆没用多长时间就明白了形势。
__________________________________________
(5)手术的花费需要精确地算出。
_____________________________________________________It did not take Tom long to figure out the situation.
The cost of the operation will need to be figured out precisely.2．The navy turned to Eckert，an engineer，and Mauchly，a physicist，to wrestle with the problem and produce a machine to do the job.海军部队向工程师埃克特和物理学家莫克利求助，希望能够解决这个难题，并研制一种可以做这项工作的机器。turn to(to为介词，后跟名词或v.－ing)转向；翻到；求助于；变成
turn down(音量等)调低；拒绝
turn in上交
turn out证明是，结果是
turn over翻转；移交
turn up开大音量；出席，到场[归纳拓展] (1)He is the only person who I can turn to for advice.
他是唯一一个我可以寻求建议的人。
(2)She turned down the job offer because she wanted more money.
她拒绝了那份工作，因为她想要更高的工资。
(3)I'm sure things will turn out all right in the end.
我确信最终一切都会好的。[即时跟踪]
介、副词填空
(1)We had a good many anxious worries but everything turned ______ all right in the end.
(2)After he graduated from Beijing University，he became a teacher，but later he turned ______ translation.out to 完成句子
(3)We should _______________________________.
我们应把思想转向实际问题。
(4)The pop singer __________________ soap operas.
那位流行歌星转向屏幕，在肥皂剧中扮演角色。turn our thoughts to practical matters turned to figure in 1．In the summer of 1905，this outspoken young man was rocking his one－year－old baby when he was suddenly inspired.1905年的夏天，这位直率的年轻人正摇着他一岁大的孩子，这时他突然产生了灵感。
[归纳拓展] (1)He was going to run away when the police came.
他正准备逃跑，这时警察来了。
(2)I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang.
我刚做完试卷铃就响了。
[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)She had just finished her homework __________ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
(2)I was wandering in the street __________ a beggar stopped me for some money.when when 完成句子
(3)We were about to start ____________________.
我们刚要出发，这时天开始下雨了。
(4)We ____________________ when the bell rang.
我们刚刚入睡，突然铃声响了起来。
(5)I __________ my homework _______ the light went out.
我正在做作业，灯突然灭了。when it began to rain had just fallen asleep was doing when 2．There is no doubt about it.此事毋庸置疑。
[归纳拓展](1)There is no doubt意为“毫无疑问”，后接that从句或about＋名词结构。There is doubt意为“……值得怀疑”，后接whether引导的从句或about＋名词结构。
(2)doubt v．& n．怀疑；疑问。
作动词时，其用法如下：
①在否定句和疑问句中，doubt后面接that引导的宾语从句。②在肯定句中，doubt后面一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
作名词时，其用法如下：
①用于肯定句时，一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句。
②用于否定句、疑问句时，一般接that引导的宾语从句。(1)There is no doubt that cellphones and the Internet are the most important means of communication.
毫无疑问，手机和互联网是最重要的信息交流工具。
(2)I have little doubt that the coup will succeed.
这次突然行动将取得成功，对此我毫不怀疑。
(3)There is some doubt whether she will come on time.
她是否能准时来有点让人怀疑。[即时跟踪]
用whether，that或about填空
(1)There is no doubt __________ he will win the match.
(2)There is some doubt __________ he can help you.
(3)I have some doubt __________ her timely arrival.
完成句子
(4)______________________ his success in his study.
他的研究会成功是毫无疑问的。
(5)______________________ our experiment will succeed.
几乎不用怀疑，我们的实验会成功的。There is little doubt that that whether about There is no doubt about 课件50张PPT。Period Four Communication Workshop，Language Awareness 5，Culture Corner & Bulletin BoardⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ n．探测；探险
__________ vt.探测；探险；探索
2．__________ vi.逐渐变弱
3．__________ n．现象
__________ pl.现象
4．__________ adj.原始的
5．__________ adj.长久的，永久的
6．__________ adj.最初的，开始的exploration
explore
fade
phenomenon
phenomena
primitive
permanent
initial __________ adv.最初，首先，开头
7．__________ vt.允许，许可
8．__________ adj.成熟的
__________ vi.(使)成熟
9．__________ vt.按；压
__________ n．压力
10．__________ adj.有毒的
__________ n．毒物；毒药
11．__________ vt.宣告；宣布
12．__________ n．移民；殖民者
__________ vt.定居；解决initially
permit
ripe
ripen
press
pressure
poisonous
poison
declare
settler
settleⅡ.短语自测
1．______________散开；打开；伸展
2．______________下降；减少
3．__________________由于
4．__________________为了
5．______________而不是
6．______________最后，总之
7．__________________允许某人做某事
8．________________防卫……以免于
9．______________去划船
10．________________建议，指示spread out
drop off
due to/as a result of
in order to/so as to
rather than
in conclusion
permit sb.to do sth.
defend against
go canoeing
make suggestions1．This marked the beginning of the “space race” between the US and the USSR，which ended _________________ a man on the moon in 1969.
这标志着在美国与苏联之间的“太空竞赛”开始了，这场竞赛以美国在1969年把人类送上月球而告终。
2．It was launched in 1990 __________ astronomers could observe space without the Earth's atmosphere being a barrier.
它于1990年被送入太空，以便天文学家观测太空时能不受地球大气层的阻碍。with the US putting so that 3．...__________ research life in space and provide a stepping stone __________ future manned flights are sent out.
……为的是研究太空生命并为将来发送载人客机提供落脚地。
4．...__________ people remain interested，we will keep exploring the world overhead.
……只要人们仍心存兴趣，我们将会继续探索头顶上的世界。so as to in case as long as 阅读P26课文，完成下列各题
Ⅰ.课文阅读理解
1．Human began to explore space in .
A．1957 B．1961
C．1969
答案 A2．The “space race” between the US and the USSR ended with .
A．the first manned flight
B．the moon landing
C．the launch of Sputnik 1
答案 B
3．Human beings first set foot on the moon in .
A．1957 B．1961
C．1969
答案 CⅡ.课文语法填空
By the beginning of the 21st century，almost all of Planet Earth 1._______________(visit)，described and mapped.Now we are looking outwards at the only frontier left 2.__________ (explore) —space.
The age of space exploration began in 1957.Sputnik 1 and Yuri Gagarin's going into space 3.__________(mark) the beginning of the “space race” between the US and the USSR.After the Hubble Telescope 4._____________(invent)，another burst of interest in space was aroused.has been visited to explore marked was invented More planets are discovered.The International Space Station is now 5.__________(build) in the Earth's orbit so as 6.__________ (research) life in space.We are only really in the initial stages of exploring space 7.______ we have come a long way 8.________ learning that the Earth is not flat and 9.________ (spin) in an oval－shaped orbit 10.________ the sun.being built to research but since spins around 1．You are not permitted to work if you are on a student visa.
如果你所持的是学生签证，你就不会被允许工作。
[归纳拓展] (1)—Excuse me，but would you please permit me to smoke here?
“请问，我在这里抽烟好吗？”
—Sorry.We don't permit smoking here.
“对不起。在这里是不允许抽烟的。”
(2)Weather permitting (＝If weather permits)，we'll go to the seaside this weekend.
如果天气允许的话，本周我们将去海边。
(3)With your permission，I'll send a copy of this letter to the doctor.
如果你准许的话，我就把这封信的副本寄给那位医生。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)He asked for __________(permit) to leave the room.
完成句子
(2)I am afraid I can not ____________________________.
恐怕我不会允许我的女儿嫁给你。
(3)We'll have a picnic in the woods，_________________.
如果天气好，我们将在树林里野餐。permission permit my daughter to marry you weather permitting 2．press the button按下按钮
[归纳拓展]press vt.按；压；逼迫；催促
press sb.to do sth.强求某人做某事
press (sth.) on (sb.)迫使(某人)接受(想法、意见、东西等)
press...out of/from把……从……中挤出
press through...挤过……
press...against...把……压在……上
press...into/onto...把……塞进/压入(1)I pressed money on him，but he refused to take it.
我硬塞钱给他，但他就是不肯要。
(2)He pressed the juice out of the fruits.
他把果汁从水果中挤出来。
(3)The child pressed her nose against the window.
那小女孩把鼻子贴在窗户上。
[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)Bill kept his back pressed flat __________ the wall.
(2)He likes to press his own ideas ______ others.
(3)He pressed his way __________ the crowd.against on through 3．NASA declared that a rock from Mars...美国航空航天局宣布来自火星的一块岩石……
[归纳拓展]declare vt.断言；宣称；宣布；宣告
declare war on...对……宣战
declare against/for声明反对/支持
declare...open宣布……开幕(1)She declared that she didn't want to see him again.
她宣称再也不愿见他了。
(2)Officials declared Jackson (to be) the winner of the race.
官员们宣布杰克逊为比赛的胜利者。
(3)The police have now declared war on drug dealers in this area.
警方现在已经对这一地区的毒贩宣战了。
(4)The workers declared for the offer of increased pay and holidays.
工人们拥护提高工资，延长假期的提议。[易混辨析] declare/announce
(1)declare一般指在正式场合宣布官方的立场或态度等。
(2)announce泛指宣布某一消息或某事预示着……的到来。announce sth.to sb.＝announce to sb.sth.[即时跟踪]
用declare或announce的正确形式填空
(1)She __________ to us that she would get married soon.
(2)It was I that __________ the 16th Asian Games open!
翻译句子
(3)琼斯被判为拳击赛优胜者。
____________________________________________________
(4)他声称自己是对的。
____________________________________________________Jones was declared (to be/as) the winner of the boxing.
He declared that he was right./He declared himself (to be) right.announced declared 1．...the number of manned flights dropped off.……载人飞行的次数也逐渐减少。
[归纳拓展]drop off下降；减退，减少；打盹；打瞌睡；让某人下车；掉落
drop back/behind落后
drop behind sb.落在某人后面
drop in on sb.顺便访问某人
drop in at sp.顺便拜访某地
drop out (of...)退出，脱离；退学，辍学(1)James started an engineering degree but dropped out after only a year.
詹姆斯开始攻读工程学学位，但仅一年后就辍学了。
(2)Would you drop by/in when you are in town?
你来城里时就来玩好吗？ [即时跟踪]
写出下列句中drop off的含义
(1)Traffic in the town has dropped off since the by－pass opened. ____________
(2)I dropped off and missed the end of the film.____________
(3)Drop me off at the next stop；I can walk straight there. ____________下降；减少 入睡，睡着 让某人下车 介、副词填空
(4)James started an engineering degree but dropped _______ after only a year.
(5)I thought I'd drop in _______ you while I was passing.
(6)We can't afford to drop __________ our competitors.
(7)The number of students dropped _______.out on behind off 2．Recently there has been another burst of interest in space as a result of the Hubble Telescope.最近，由于哈勃望远镜的发明，人们对探索太空的兴趣进入了另一个高潮。
[归纳拓展]as a result of...由于……的原因
as a result结果，因此
without result毫无结果，徒劳
result from因为，源于
with the result that为此，因此
result in结果为，终归，导致(1)Many people believe that overweight results from overeating and stress.
很多人认为肥胖超重是因为吃得过多和压力造成的。
(2)The flood resulted in a considerable reduction in production.
这次水灾造成相当大的减产。
(3)I was late，with the result that I missed my train.
我迟到了，因此，我没能赶上火车。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)The accident resulted ______ the death of two passengers.
(2)The fact that many species are dying out results _______ more and more noise pollution.
(3)My room was small and looked out on a narrow courtyard，_______ the result that I always felt fenced in.
(4)As a result ______ failure，he committed suicide.in from with of 完成句子
(5)His hard work __________ excellent grades in his exams.
他的努力使他在考试中取得了优异的成绩。
(6)About 21 million people died during the 1990s _____________ smoking.
20世纪90年代约有2 100万人死于吸烟。resulted in as a result of 3．Due to China's rapidly developing space programme，this could be sooner rather than later.由于中国空间项目的快速发展，这可能会变得更早而不是更晚。
[归纳拓展]rather than而不是
注意：rather than用于连接两个并列成分，当后接不定式时常省略to。other than除了
表示“取舍”关系：宁可……也不愿……：
prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.
would do sth.rather than do sth.
would rather do sth.than do sth.(1)He rather than I，I think，is to blame for the failure.
我认为是他而不是我该为这次失败受到责备。
(2)He preferred to stay at home watching TV rather than go to the concert.
他宁愿坐在家里看电视也不愿去参加音乐会。
(3)I'd rather go in summer than in winter.
我宁愿夏天去，而不愿冬天去。
(4)Do you have any special interests other than your job?
你除了工作之外还有什么其他的爱好吗？[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)I decided to write __________ (to) telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
(2)Because of their size，adult African elephants have no enemies __________ people.
因为他们的体型，成年非洲象除了人类没有其他敌人。
单句改错
(3)I'd prefer to go in August rather than July.__________rather than other than July前加in 4．In conclusion，we are only really in the initial stages of exploring space...
总之， 我们在探索太空的过程中还处于初级阶段……
[归纳拓展](1)in conclusion总而言之，最后(用于即将结束所谈的内容)
bring...to conclusion使……结束
come to/arrive at/reach/draw/lead to/make a conclusion得出结论
(2)conclude v．断定，推断出；得出结论；(使)结束/终止
conclude sth.with...就某事与某人达成协议；以……结束
conclude sth.from...从……推断出……(1)In conclusion，I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想说我今天过得很开心。
(2)We've come to the conclusion that she's not the right person for the job.
我们断定她不适合这项工作。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)He concluded his speech ______ a famous saying.
(2)What can we conclude _______ Stafford's research?
(3)______ conclusion，I would like to thank you for your corning to the meeting.
(4)When the group discussion is nearing its end，make sure __________(conclude) it with important points.
单句改错
(5)We came to the conclusion which the room must have been empty then.___________with from Into conclude which→that 1．This marked the beginning of the “space race” between the US and the USSR，which ended with the US putting a man on the moon in 1969.
这标志着在美国与苏联之间的“太空竞赛”开始了，这场竞赛以美国在1969年把人类送上月球而告终。
[归纳拓展] (1)The teacher entered the classroom with a book in the hand.
老师手里拿着一本书进了教室。
(2)I fell asleep with the light on.
我开着灯睡着了。
(3)They went home，with the work unfinished.
他们没完成工作就回家了。
(4)I am sure to make great progress with the teacher to help me.
有老师帮助我，我一定能取得很大的进步。[即时跟踪]
用所给词的正确形式填空
(1)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog __________ (follow)them.
(2)Don't speak with your mouth ______(full)．
(3)I can't go out with all these clothes __________(wash)．
完成句子
(4)He died ____________________________.
他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。
(5)She said good－bye ____________________.
她含着眼泪说了声再见。following full to wash with tears in her eyes with his daughter yet a schoolgirl 2．It was launched in 1990 so that astronomers could observe space without the Earth's atmosphere being a barrier.它于1990年被送入太空，以便天文学家观测太空时能不受地球大气层的阻碍。
[归纳拓展]本句为主从复合句。so that在此引导目的状语从句，意为“为了，以便”；so that引导的目的状语从句中常含有情态动词can，could，might，may等。此外，so that还可引导结果状语从句。(1)She worked hard so that everything could be ready by 6 o'clock.(目的状语从句)
她拼命干活以便在六点之前把一切都准备好。
(2)It was raining heavily last night so that we didn't go to the party.(结果状语从句)
昨晚雨下得很大，因此我们没去参加聚会。[易混辨析] in order that/so that/in order to/so as to
(1)in order that和so that引导目的状语从句时，二者可换用，但so that引导的从句只能放在主句之后，而in order that引导的从句既可放在主句前也可放在主句后，另外，so that还可引导结果状语从句。
(2)so as to与in order to二者均表示“以便，为了”，后接动词不定式作目的状语，可以换用；但so as to引导的目的状语从句不能置于句首，而in order to可以。[即时跟踪]
用in order that，so that，in order to或so as to填空
(1)____________ he could catch the early bus，he got up early.
(2)He got up early ________________ he could catch the early bus.
(3)___________ catch the early bus，he got up early.
(4)He got up early ________________ catch the early bus.In order that in order that/so that In order to so as to/in order to 3．...so as to research life in space and provide a stepping stone in case future manned flights are sent out.……(建空间站)为的是研究太空生命并为将来发送载人客机提供落脚地。
[归纳拓展]
(2)in case of介词短语，意为“万一……”，表条件；意为“以防……”，表目的。
(3)其他短语：
in any case无论如何
in no case决不(置于句首，引起倒装)
as is often the case ……是常有的事
in this/that case假使这/那样的话(1)In case you are delayed by something unexpected，inform us of it by telephone.
假如因为意外的事情耽搁你，打电话通知我们。
(2)In case of emergency，break the glass and press the button.
遇到紧急情况时，击碎玻璃罩并摁下按钮。
(3)In any case you must arrive there on time.
无论如何你必须按时到达那里。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)It may not rain，but you'd better _____________________.
可能不下雨，但是你最好带上雨伞以防万一。
(2)_____________，ring the alarm bell，please.
如有火灾，请按警铃。
(3)In no case _____________________ in the classroom.
教室里绝对不允许吸烟。
单句改错
(4)We have an auxiliary(辅助的) generator in case power cuts. ___________take an umbrella in case In case of fire shall we allow smoking case后加of 4．...as long as people remain interested，we will keep exploring the world overhead.……只要人们仍心存兴趣，我们将会继续探索头顶上的世界。
[归纳拓展]as long as：
(1)在本句中，起连词作用，引导条件状语从句，可与so long as互换，意为“只要”。so long as语气较强，而as long as多用于口语中。
(2)还可用于同级比较句型中，意为“和……一样长”。
(3)还可用于表示程度，意为“长达……”。(1)I'm not particular about how you do it as/so long as it gets done.
只要把它完成了，你怎么做我并不计较。
(2)This rope is as long as that one；you may use it as a substitute.
这根绳子和那根一样长，你可以用它替换那条绳。
(3)I have been waiting here as long as 2 hours.
我在这里已经等了长达2个小时了。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)You can go out to play ____________ you stay in the backyard.
只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。
(2)You can go out，__________ you promise to be back before 11 o'clock.
你可以出去，只要你答应在11点之前回来。
单句改错
(3)As long as he comes back on time，he won't be permitted to go out alone.________________As long as→Unless as/so long as so long as 课件24张PPT。Period Five Grammar & Writing一、将来完成时
1．概述
将来完成时由“shall/will＋have＋过去分词”构成。
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与“before＋将来时间”或“by＋将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。I shall have finished the work by the end of this week.
我将在本周末前完成这项工作。
Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.
不久他将会完全忘记这件事的。
He is somebody now.He will not have remembered his old classmates.
他现在是一个有身份的人，他可能不会记得老同学了。
Will you have known Kevin for 10 years next month?
到下个月你认识凯文该有10年了吧？2．用法
(1)表示在将来某一时间之前已完成的动作，并可能对将来产生影响。
We shall have learned 12 units by the end of this term.
到这个学期末，我们将学完12个单元。
By the time you get home，I will have cleaned the house from top to bottom.
你到家之前我将已经把房子彻底打扫一遍了。 (2)表示推测，相当于must have done结构。
You will have heard of this，I guess.
我想你已经听说过这件事了。
I am sure he will have got the information.
我确信他一定得到了这个消息。
3．现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，时间是现在范畴。
过去完成时表示过去之前已经发生的动作，即“过去的过去”，时间是过去范畴。将来完成时表示将来某时间前将已经完成的动作，时间是将来范畴。
By the end of next year，my brother will have left the college.
到明年年末，我哥哥将会大学毕业了。
Jack has joined the army.He has been a soldier for two years.
杰克参军了。他当兵两年了。
He had left before I came back.
我回来之前他就离开了。 [高考链接1]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1．—Tommy is planning to buy a car.
—I know.By next month，he ________________(save) enough for a used one.(2011·江苏)
2．On her next birthday，Ann ______________(be) married for twenty years.(2011·天津)will have saved will have been 二、将来进行时
1．概述
将来进行时由“shall/will be＋现在分词”构成。
将来进行时主要表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始、并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。句中常用的时间状语有soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this time，in two days，tomorrow evening等。The time of the next day they will be sitting in the cinema.
第二天的这个时候，他们正坐在电影院里。
What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?
明天晚上六点你将在做什么？
By this time tomorrow，I'll be lying on the beach.
明天的这个时候，我将会躺在沙滩上。2．用法
将来进行时表示在将来某一时间正在进行的动作。将来进行时有很强的推测性，因此往往在以下几种场合中使用它。
(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般有时间状语。
(2)表示现在正在进行的动作，但这个动作会持续到将来。
(3)表示预定将来发生的动作或对将来的预测。
(4)表示委婉的请求。
(5)表示原因。
(6)表示结果。
(7)表示对将来的打算。When he comes to my house tomorrow，I will be writing the report.
明天他来我家时，我将在写报告。
I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon.
不知道今天下午会不会还继续下雨。
Tomorrow I will be flying to Los Angeles.
明天我要乘飞机去洛杉矶。
After you take the medicine，you will be feeling much better.
吃了这药后，你就会感觉好多了。3．将来进行时与一般将来时的区别
(1)将来进行时强调动作在将来某时刻正在进行；一般将来时仅表示某一动作将来会发生。
What will you be doing this time tomorrow?
明天这个时候你会在做什么呢？
What will you do tomorrow？你明天干什么？
(2)用将来进行时询问别人的计划、打算、情况时比用一般将来时显得更委婉。
When will you finish these letters?
你什么时候处理完这些信件？(直接询问)When will you be seeing Mr.White?
你什么时候见怀特先生呢？(委婉地询问)
(3)一般将来时中的will有时含有“愿意”的意思，而将来进行时中的will只是单纯地表示将来的情况。
Mary won't buy the skirt.
玛丽不肯买这件裙子。(表意愿)
Mary won't be paying this bill.
钱不会由玛丽来付。(单纯地表示将来的情况)[高考链接2]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
1．Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she _______________(teach) a class at that time.(2015·天津，6)
2．—Could I use your car tomorrow morning?
—Sure.I ______________(write) a report at home.(2013·江苏，25)
3．—Can I call you back at two o’clock this afternoon?
—I’m sorry, but by then I _____________ (fly) to Beijing.How about five？(2012·陕西，24)will be teaching will be writing will be flying 【文体指导】
主题介绍类书面表达属于说明文的写作范畴，写作过程中应该注意以下几点：
1．抓住中心，分清主次。首先要仔细阅读文字提示或观察图表，确定文章的中心内容；再根据内容把文章分成几个段落，每段都要拟定一个主题句；然后确定中心人称和主体时态。2．列全要点，扩编句子。以拟定的主题句为中心，选择恰当的词和句型组织材料，编写句子，形成段落。
3．布局谋篇，连段成文。按照一定的逻辑顺序，用适当的过渡词把已经写好的段落串连成一篇完整的文章。
【常用句式】
1．Since...，people have always enjoyed...
2．The history of...goes back...
3．Recent developments in the field include...
4．In my opinion，there will be a return to...
5．Many experts predict that...
6．In conclusion，...【写作任务】
随着科技的发展，机器人的作用日益重要。假如你们学校正在征集关于机器人构想方面的作文，请写一篇100词左右的文章阐明自己的观点。要点提示：你想象中的机器人主要是能够用来帮助幼儿和老年人的，原因是他们需要更多的帮助。【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
本篇属于介绍机器人的说明文。时态应以一般现在时为主；人称应用第三人称。
第二步 确定段落
Para 1 当前机器人的社会作用
Para 2 你想象中的机器人
Para 3 总结第三步 提炼要点
1．__________ 接管；掌管
2．__________ 无疑；必定
3．________________________ 做某事有困难
4．benefit from ______________
5．in a word/in all/in brief/in conclusion ________
6．It is believed that...__________take over no doubt have difficulty in doing sth. 从……中获益 总之 人们认为 第四步 扩点成句
1．我相信机器人在未来将起到非常重要的作用。机器人将接管很多困难的工作，使人们的生活更轻松。
(一般表达)I believe the robots will play a very important role in the future.The robots will take over many difficult jobs and make people's life easier.
(句式升级)I believe the robots will play a very important role in the future，______________________________________ _________________.(现在分词作状语)taking over many difficult jobs and making people's life easier 2．人们希望机器人将在照看孩子和老人方面展示它们的技术。孩子和老人比其他人更需要帮助。
(一般表达)It is hoped that the robots will display their skills in looking after the younger and the elder people.The younger and the elder people need others' help more than any other group.
(句式升级)It is hoped that the robots will display their skills in looking after the younger and the elder people，_________________________________________.(who引导的非限制性定语从句)who need others' help more than any other group【范文赏析】
Nowadays the science and technology of robot has been a rapid development.I believe the robots will play a very important role in the future，taking over many difficult jobs and making people's life easier.No doubt，the people have their own different ideas about robots and I am no exception.
In my opinion，it is hoped that the robots will display their skills in looking after the younger and the elder people，who need others' help more than any other group.For example，the robots are expected to be able to teach the younger children the basic knowledge.Besides that，the elder who have difficulty in moving and communicating can also benefit from the robots.
In a word，it is believed that the science and technology of robot will help us more in the future life.【亮点点评】
本文段落层次分明，对未来机器人的构想合理、举例恰当、介绍说明详略得当。文中穿插运用现在分词作状语、并列句、主语从句、定语从句等较复杂句式，丰富了语言表达形式；此外文中运用了no doubt，in my opinion，for example，besides that，in a word等衔接词、插入语，使上下文表达连贯流畅，逻辑性强。课件7张PPT。Eating Spinach Makes You Mentally Sharp
While Popeye ate spinach1 every day to maintain strong muscles，he was also bettering his memory，maybe without even knowing it.话题语篇导读 Consuming just a daily serving of spinach—or any type of leafy green，for that matter—may help slow the process of age－associated cognitive decline2，according to a new study.The reason？Vitamin K.
A group of researchers at Rush University in Chicago who analyzed the diets and mental functions of 954 elderly people over a five－year period found that those who ate more greens in their diets were more likely to be mentally sharp. The researchers tracked the diets of participants，whose age averaged 81，for an average of five years.They found that people who ate one or two daily portions of green leafy vegetables had the same cognitive abilities as someone 11 years younger who never consumed leafy greens.
“No other studies have looked at vitamin K in relation to change in cognitive abilities over time，and only a limited number of studies have found some association with lutein3，” said Martha Clare Morris，Sc.D.，assistant provost for community research at Rush University Medical Center and the leader of the study's research team.The team believes that other foods high in these nutrients，like asparagus4 and carrots could provide the same benefits as the darker greens，and they intend to expand their research to explore this possibility.
The research holds promise of a brain booster5 that is accessible and affordable.“Since declining cognitive ability is central to Alzheimer's disease and dementia，increasing consumption of green leafy vegetables could offer a very simple，affordable and non－invasive6 way of potentially protecting your brain from Alzheimer's disease and dementia，” Morris said.课件54张PPT。Period One
Warm－up & Lesson 1 Super AthletesⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ vt.消化；n.摘要；概要；文摘；汇编
2．__________ vi.交换
3．__________ adj.(程度)最大的，极度的
4．__________ vt.滥用
5．__________ vt.容忍
6．____________ adj.根本的；基础的digest
swap
supreme
abuse
tolerate
fundamental7．__________ adj.怀疑的，不肯定的
__________ vt.&n.怀疑
8．__________ vt.寻找
9．__________ adj.每年的，年度的
10．__________ adj.站不住脚的，不易令人相信的
11．__________ adj.强制性的，义务的doubtful
doubt
seek
annual
lame
compulsory12．____________ adj.有争议的
13．__________ vt.反对
__________ adj.反对的
14．__________ vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾
_____________ n．矛盾
15．__________ vt.违反，违背controversial
oppose
opposed
contradict
contradiction
violateⅡ.短语自测
1．__________沉默地；无声地
2．_____________上气不接下气
3．_____________年复一年
4．___________减速
5．____________偶然碰到
6．__________徒然，白费力气
7．__________随便地，随意地
8．__________不惜一切代价，无论如何in silence
out of breath
year after year
slow down
come across
in vain
at random
at all costs1．These drugs are originally developed to help people with illnesses，but in the wrong hands，they create supreme athletes ____________________________ than is normal for human beings.
这些药物被开发原本是用来帮助有疾病的人们，但一旦用于歧途，它们会创造出比常人更快、更强的超级运动员。
2．__________________________ “doping” and although they enhance performance...
服用这些药物被公认为“使用兴奋剂”，虽然它们有助于超水平发挥……making them faster and stronger Taking these drugs is known as 3．If American athlete Marion Jones _____________ drugs，______________________ to the Olympics at all?
如果美国运动员马里昂·琼斯没有服用药物的话，她能成功参加奥运会吗？
4．Unfortunately，it is not easy to _________________ illegal drugs.
不幸的是，要当场查出运动员使用了违禁药物并不是很容易。hadn't taken would she have made it catch athletes using 5．In the future，athletes who _______________________ might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.
在将来，那些经过基因改变的运动员有可能在8秒内跑完100米或在不到两小时内跑完马拉松。have their genes changed课文阅读理解
Ⅰ.Fast－reading
1．First look at the title and the picture of the passage，and then skim the first and the end of the whole passage and finish the following question.
What is the general idea of the passage?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________The present and future of the sporting world is being seriously and negatively affected by doping and gene－therapy. 2．Match the main idea with each paragraph.
(1)Paragraphs 1～2 A．Doping
(2)Paragraphs 3～6 B．Records have fallen
(3)Paragraph 7 C．The Olympic spirit.
(4) Paragraph 8 D．Gene－therapy
答案 (1)B (2)A (3)D (4)CⅡ.Careful－reading
1．Which of the following is NOT the reason for improved performance?
A．Better equipment. B．Training.
C．Better coaches. D．Diet.
答案 C2．Why is doping illegal?
A．Because doping is not good enough.
B．Because doping can cause diseases.
C．Because only a small number of athletes can use it.
D．Because it is a form of cheating.
答案 D3．What can we know about the world records in the 1980s?
A．Although Ben Johnson broke the 100 metres world record，he was caught taking drugs in the 1988 Olympics.
B．Although Ben Johnson took drugs in the 1988 Olympics，he didn't break the world record.
C．Florence Griffith's 100 metres record is convincing.
D．Marion Jones was not caught taking drugs in the 1988 Olympics.
答案 A4．What would the effect of gene－therapy be on sport?
A．It's a good way to improve the athletic performance.
B．If gene－therapy were used now，it would be easy to find out.
C．The gene－therapy would contradict the whole spirit of sport.
D．People agree to use it in sport，and hope for further research into it.
答案 C5．What is the Olympic spirit?
A．To try one's best to get the gold medal.
B．To compete and succeed.
C．To emphasize taking part rather than winning.
D．To work together.
答案 C1．It digests your food and sends vitamins and minerals into the blood.
它消化你的食物并把维生素和矿物质输送到血液。
[归纳拓展](1)digest vt.消化；领悟；n.摘要；概要；文摘；汇编
(2)digest作动词时的读音为[dai'd?est]，作名词时的读音为['daid?est](1)This kind of meat digests easily.
这种肉食容易消化。
(2)I tried to digest this difficult passage，but in vain.
我尽力去理解这篇文章，却白费力气。
(3)You have known it，so you must have read a monthly news digest.
你已经知道此事，那么，你肯定读过每月新闻摘要了。[辨析比较] taste，digest，swallow，chewtasted swallowed chewed digested (3)I have digested most of the important points in the book. __________
(4)The digest of the novel included the most exciting scenes. __________vt.理解
n.摘要2．Write down five telephone numbers and swap with your partner.写下五个电话号码并且与你的搭档交换。
[归纳拓展]swap vi.交换
swap sth.with sb.与某人交换某物
swap A for B 拿A与B交换(1)Your book looks more interesting than mine.Do you want to swap it with me?
你的书好像比我的有意思，你愿意和我交换吗？
(2)Nor can aircraft fuel be swapped for a green alternative.
飞机燃料也无法被替换为其他绿色环保的替代品。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)He swaps his old car ______ a new motorcycle.
(2)I swapped jackets _______ him to get a better fit.
完成句子
(3)I wouldn't _______________ him for anything.
我说什么也不愿意处于他的地位。
(4)_________________ a bigger one.
把这件衬衣换成大一点的。for with swap places with Swap the shirt for 3．Taking these drugs is known as “doping” and although they enhance performance，they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.
服用这些药物被公认为是“使用兴奋剂”，尽管它们有助于超水平发挥，但也会给滥用这些药物的人在以后生活中带来严重的健康问题。abuse vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂；n.滥用；谩骂；弊端
abuse one's power 滥用职权
alcohol/drug abuse 酗酒/嗜毒[归纳拓展]
(1)All the children had been physically and emotionally abused.
所有这些儿童的身心都受到了摧残。
(2)They were accused of abusing their power to keep prices high.
他们被控滥用职权，抬高价格。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)Don't _________________.Take it as you are told to.
不要滥用你的职权。按照告诉你的去行事。
(2)The government has set up a working group to look into the problem of __________.
政府已成立工作组以调查毒品滥用问题。abuse your power drug abuse 4．The sports world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.
由于它是影响力大的欺骗形式，体育界是不会容忍(运动员)服用兴奋剂的。
[归纳拓展](1)tolerate vt.容忍，忍受(＝stand/bear/put up with)
tolerate (doing) sth.容忍/忍受/容许(做)某事
(2)tolerant adj.忍受的，容忍的
be tolerant of...容忍……
(3)tolerance n．容忍，忍受(1)I could not tolerate their making up any excuses for what they did.
我不能容忍他们为所做的事情编造任何的借口。
(2)They are extremely gentle and friendly and very tolerant of children.
它们很温柔，很友善，对小孩很宽容。
(3)She had no tolerance for her deskmate's shortcomings.
她容不得同桌的缺点。[即时跟踪]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
(1)I can't tolerate my son ________(talk) at table.
(2)Perhaps you need to be more ________ (tolerate) of your neighbours.
完成句子
(3)To be frank，I cannot _______________________.
坦白说，我不能容忍你的无礼行为。
(4)_____________________________ your parents this way.
我不能容忍你这样和你父母讲话。talking tolerant tolerate your bad manners I won't tolerate your speaking to 5．Doping is not only a problem in athletics，it is part of every sport where athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.
服用兴奋剂不仅仅是田径运动中的问题，每个运动项目都存在这个问题，运动员想在这些运动项目中取得超越极限的体育成绩而准备用欺骗来达到目的。seek vt. (sought，sought)寻求；追求；(正式)试图
seek help/advice/information from sb.向某人寻求帮助/征求意见/询问信息
seek after/for寻求；追求；寻找
seek out挑选出；物色
seek one's fortune外出找生路，外出寻求发财机会
seek to do sth.设法做某事[归纳拓展] (1)If you want to seek for/after success，you must work hard.
如果你想追求成功，就必须努力工作。
(2)Billions of farmers pour into big cities to seek their fortune in China.
在中国数以十亿计的农民工涌入大城市以寻求发财之路。[语境助记]
He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek his fortune and I suggested that he should seek advice from his teacher and shouldn't seek after/for a mere formality.
他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议他这件事情他应该请教他的老师，不要一味地贪图安逸，追名逐利。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)We shouldn't ______________ a mere formality.
我们不应该只追求形式。
(2)They __________________ the maths problem，but without luck.
他们试图算出这道数学题，但是很不幸没算出来。
单句改错
(3)All men have the right to seek to happiness. __________________seek after/for sought to figure out 第二个to→after/for 6．Gene－therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.
基因治疗是很有争议的，许多人反对进一步研究。
[归纳拓展](1)oppose vt.反对
oppose doing sth.反对做某事(＝object to sth./doing sth.)
(2)opposed adj.相反的，对立的
be opposed to (doing) sth.反对(做)某事＝be against (doing) sth.
(3)opposite adj.对面的；相反的
be opposite to在……对面；和……相反(1)We oppose using this unusual technique to clone humans.
我们反对使用这种不寻常的技术来克隆人类。
(2)I am opposed to going shopping on Sundays for it is too crowded.
我反对星期天购物，因为太拥挤了。
(3)There is a garden on the opposite side of the street.
在街道的对面有一个花园。[即时跟踪]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
(1)I am opposed to __________ (drive) while drunk for it is too dangerous.
(2)He considered the matter，__________ (oppose) its merits against/to its demerits.
完成句子
(3)Do you oppose ________________ the meeting?
你反对我参加这个会吗？driving opposing my taking part in 7．However，if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created，it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.然而，如果培养出一代改进基因的体育明星，这将有悖于体育的精神所在。
[归纳拓展](1)contradict vt.与(其他事物)相矛盾
contradict oneself自相矛盾
(2)contradictory adj.矛盾的；完全相反的
be contradictory to sth.与……相矛盾
(3)contradiction n．反驳；矛盾
in contradiction to/with与……相矛盾；与……相违背(1)Young children should never contradict what their parents say.
小孩子绝不可以顶撞父母。
(2)The prisoner's statement was contradictory to the one he'd made earlier.
那个囚犯的供词与早些时候说的相矛盾。[即时跟踪]
用contradict的正确形式填空
(1)What you did _____________ what you said.
(2)The speaker had got confused and started _____________ himself.
完成句子
(3)His remark was ______________________________ the truth.
他的叙述与事实相矛盾。contradicted contradicting contradictory to/in contradiction to 1．If American athlete Marion Jones hadn't taken drugs，would she have made it to the Olympics at all?
如果美国运动员马里昂·琼斯没有服用药物的话，她能成功参加奥运会吗？
[归纳拓展]make it事业获得成功；约定时间；某人做成某事；设法做到某事；及时赶上(火车等)
make it to成功到达……(1)—When shall we meet again?
—Let's make it any day you like；It's all the same to me.
——我们什么时候再见面？
——你想约定哪天都行。对于我来说都是一样的。
(2)It is a hard job，but I hope he can make it.
这不是件容易的差事，但我希望他能做到。
(3)The boy is brave enough to make it to the top of the tower.
这个男孩很勇敢，能爬到塔的顶部。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1) If you want to make _____，better get doing.
完成句子
(2)We're too late；I don't think ______________.
我们太迟了。我想我们难以准时赶到了。
(3)Let's _________ at 8：30.Is that all right for you?
我们约定在8：30吧。这对你来说合适吗？it we can make it make it 2．Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.
弗洛伊德·兰蒂斯做了几次站不住脚的辩解，责怪他因伤服用的药物，但是这些都是徒劳的。
[归纳拓展]in vain枉费心机，白费力气，徒劳无益
vain adj.徒劳；白费力气；空虚的；无益的；自负的；虚荣心强的
be vain about/of对……虚荣的/自负的/自以为了不起的(1)We tried in vain to make him change his mind.
我们想使他改变主意，结果是白费心机。
(2)He made a lot of vain promises but never carried them out.
他作出了很多虚假的承诺，但从未兑现过。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)Money spent on the brain is never spent _____ vain.
(2)She was vain __________ her good looks.
完成句子
(3)I tried to persuade him to stop smoking but ______________________.
我曾试图说服他戒烟，但是我的努力是徒劳的。
(4)To be perfectly frank，I do not see what she has to ________________.
坦率地说，我看不出她有什么值得骄傲之处。in of/about my efforts were in vain be vain about/of 3．The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.
人们不惜任何代价来获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。
[归纳拓展]at all costs(＝at any cost)不管多大代价，无论如何
at the cost of...以……为代价
at a cost of...以……的价格
at cost按成本，以成本价格(出售)(1)We must at any cost prevent them from figuring out the plan.
我们必须不惜任何代价阻止他们弄清这个计划。
(2)The engineer finished the project on time at the cost of his health.
工程师以健康为代价按时完成了这项工程。
(3)He bought a computer at a cost of 5,000 Yuan.
他买了一台电脑花了5 000元。
(4)I was able to buy the damaged goods at cost.
我能以成本价购买受损商品。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)He saved his son from drowning but ___________ his own life.
他救了溺水的儿子，自己却丢了性命。
(2)That supermarket often sells varieties of goods _______.
那家超市经常按成本价格出售各种商品。
单句改错
(3)We should promote the project at all cost.___________at the cost of at cost cost→costs In the future，athletes who have their genes changed might be able to do the 100 metres dash in just 8 seconds or the marathon in less than two hours.在将来，那些经过基因改变的运动员有可能在8秒内跑完100米或在不到两小时内跑完马拉松。have their genes changed 为“have＋宾语＋宾补(宾补为过去分词)”结构，此结构中宾补可以是形容词、介词短语、现在分词及过去分词等多种形式。
have sb./sth.done让别人做某事；使某人、某物遭受……；使得某人、某物被……
have sb./sth.do 让……做……
have sb./sth.doing 让……一直做……；允许或容忍某人做……[归纳拓展] (1)You should understand the traffic rule by now.You've had it explained often enough.
到现在你应该理解这条交通规则了，已经给你解释得够多了。
(2)If necessary，I will have Mary send the letter.
如果有必要，我让玛丽去寄信。
(3)It's not right for you to have the boy standing a whole morning.
让这个男孩站整个上午，你是不对的。[名师点津]
have sth.to do“有某事要做”(不定式作后置定语，do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示动作由主语发出，不定式虽为主动形式，但表示被动意义)
I'm going to Beijing next week.I have a lot of things to take with me.
下个星期我要去北京，我要随身带很多东西。
have sth.to be done“有某事要做”(不定式的被动式作后置定语，do与sth.为动宾关系；do所表示的动作不是主语发出的)
I'm going to Beijing.Do you have anything to be taken to your son?
我要去北京了，你有什么东西要我带给你儿子吗？[即时跟踪]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
(1)She had her son _________(stand) in the sun.
(2)Jerry had Laura ______(send) the letter.
(3)Mr.Smith had his wallet ________(steal) on a bus.
(4)We have every reason __________ (think) there are living creatures like us in the universe.standing send stolen to think 课件26张PPT。Period Two Lesson 2 Brain PowerⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ adj.荣幸的
2．__________ vi.满足；迎合
3．__________ n．进入；入学
4．__________ adj.充足的，充裕的
5．__________ vt.款待
6．__________ n．储存
__________ vt.储存
7．__________ vt.推迟，延期privileged
cater
entry
ample
treat
storage
store
postponeⅡ.短语自测
1．____________ 由……组成
2．____________ 把……比作……
3．____________ (使)扩大，增强
4．____________ 开始着手做某事
5．____________ 立刻，马上
6．____________ 复习，仔细查看
7．____________ 抚育长大，提出
8．____________ 从头到尾阅读；经受
9．____________ 出现，上升
10．____________ 通过；接通电话consist of...
compare...to...
build up
get down to
straight away
go over
bring up
go through
come up
get through1．Our eyes and ears send signals all the time，and ________________ interprets these signals and builds up a picture of the outside world.
我们的眼睛和耳朵不停地发射信号，大脑翻译出这些信号并构建出外部世界的画面。
2．Your brain will do __________ you want it to do __________ you cater to its needs.
只要你满足它的需要，你的大脑就会去做任何你想让它做的事情。it is our brain that whatever as long as 1．Your brain will do whatever you want it to do as long as you cater to its needs.
只要你满足它的需要，你的大脑就会去做任何你想让它做的事情。cater vi.满足；迎合；vt.(为社交活动)提供饮食
cater to迎合……
cater (for) sb./sth.为……提供饮食或服务；满足……的需求或要求[归纳拓展] (1)She refused to cater to his ridiculous demands.
她拒绝想办法迎合他的荒谬的要求。
(2)To cater for his interest and love，his parents will do anything he asks them to.
为了满足他的兴趣和爱好，他的父母会做任何他要求做的事情。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)They only publish novels which cater __________ the mass market.
(2)I think these books will cater __________ your needs.to for 完成句子
(3)Shops __________ the do－it－yourself craze by offering consumers bits and pieces which they can assemble at home.
通过向消费者提供可以在家里组装的零件，商店迎合了“自己动手”的狂热心理。
(4)Our dining－room tries to __________ all passengers' tastes.
我们的餐厅尽力满足所有旅客的口味。cater for cater to 2．I'd advise you to treat yourself by going to the cinema.
我建议你去看场电影来款待自己。
[归纳拓展]treat vt.款待；把……看作；以……方式/态度对待；治疗；n.乐事，乐趣；款待，招待，请客
treat sb./oneself to sth.用某物款待某人/自己
treat...as/like...把……当作/看作……
treat sb.with sth.用某物治疗某人
be one's treat由某人请客 (1)Steven took his son to the zoo as a special treat.
作为特别的消遣，斯蒂芬带儿子去了动物园。
(2)I decided to treat his remark as a joke.
我决定把他的话当作一个玩笑。
(3)The doctor treated Mike for his headache with a new drug but didn't cure him of it.
医生用一种新药给迈克治疗头痛，但没把他治好。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)I'll ____________ an ice－cream in return for your help.
作为对你的帮助的回报，我要请你吃冰淇淋。
(2)This is __________ today，so I'll pay for everything.
今天我请客，一切账由我来付。
单句改错
(3) She felt she had unfairly treated，and complained to her boss. _______________treat you to my treat had后加been 3．postpone vt.推迟，延期(＝put off)
[归纳拓展]postpone...until/to...把……推迟到……时候
postpone doing sth.推迟做某事
注意：postpone后可接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，但不接不定式作宾语。(1)We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th.
我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。
(2)We'll have to postpone the meeting until next week.
我们将不得不把会议推迟到下周举行。
(3)They decided to postpone building the new school.
他们决定延迟兴建新学校。[即时跟踪]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
(1)Let's postpone __________(make) a decision until we have more information.
(2)The match ______________(postpone) to/till/until the following Saturday because of bad weather.
单句改错
(3)They decided to postpone start the trip，owing to the change of the weather.______________making was postponed start→starting 1．The brain consists of grey and white matter.
大脑由大脑灰质和大脑白质构成。
[归纳拓展]consist of...(＝be made up of...)由……组成(不可用于被动语态和进行时态)
consist in...(＝lie in...)在于……；存在于……
consist with...与……一致(1)Most people are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms.
大多数人熟悉一切物质都是由原子组成的这一概念。
(2)The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.
这个计划的好处就在于简单易行。
(3)His words didn't consist with what he did.
他言行不一。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1) Life mainly consists ______ happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist ______ struggle.
完成句子
(2)How many players ____________________________
足球队由几名队员组成？of in does a football team consist of? 2．I decided not to put off studying(as I normally do！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.
我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常做的一样！)，每天早上早起后立即着手学习。
[归纳拓展1]get down to 开始做
get along with 和……相处；进展
get about/round 传播；流传；四处走动
get over 克服；控制；恢复过来
get through 接通电话；用完，耗尽(1)Once you want to do something，you must get down to doing it well.
一旦你想做某事，务必把它做好。
(2)Besides，I'm easy to get along with and I like to make friends.
而且，我容易相处，也喜欢交朋友。straight away立刻，马上
类似的表达还有：
right away，right now，at once，immediately，in a minute，in no time，etc.[归纳拓展2]
(1)When they heard a cry for help，they rushed out of the room straight away.
听到呼救声，他们立刻冲出门外。
(2)I told him what I thought of the matter straight away.我马上把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)I'm going to get down to __________ (study) English this term.
(2)How did the news of his promotion get _____________
(3)Here is a difficulty for you to get ______.
(4)I think it would be a kindness to tell him the bad news straight _______.
单句改错
(5)Don't expect him to approve of your design at straight. ______________studying about/round? over away straight→once Our eyes and ears send signals all the time，and it is our brain that interprets these signals and builds up a picture of the outside world.我们的眼睛和耳朵不停地发射信号，大脑翻译出这些信号并构建出外部世界的画面。句中划线部分为强调句型。
(1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分。被强调部分可以是句子的主语、宾语或状语，但不能强调谓语、表语、补足语等。当被强调部分指人时，可以用who也可用that，其余情况使用that。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was it ＋被强调部分＋that/who...?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句结构为：疑问词＋is/was it＋that...?
(4)对not...until...句型中的时间状语(从句)进行强调时的结构为：It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分。[归纳拓展] (1)It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.
是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。
(2)It was in London that I last saw her.
我上次是在伦敦见到她的。
(3)Where was it that you met Jack yesterday?
你昨天在哪里碰到的杰克？
(4)It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.
直到做完最后一例手术白求恩才离开战地医院。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)__________________ the Second World War broke out?
第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？
(2)__________________ we met at the school gate.
我们在校门口见到的就是他。
单句改错
(3) It was in the street where I met an old friend yesterday. _____________Was it in 1939 that It was him that/who where→that 课件34张PPT。Period Three
Lesson 3 Epidemics ExplainedⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ vt.重建
2．__________ vt.禁止
__________ n．禁止；禁令
3．__________ vt.联合；团结；统一
4．__________ n．停顿；暂停
5．__________ n．统计资料；统计数字
6．__________ n．症状rebuild
prohibit
prohibition
unite
pause
statistics
symptom7．__________ n．常规；惯例
8．__________ n．新闻界；报界
9．__________ vt.预见
10．__________ vi.&vt.感到悲痛；表示哀悼
11．__________ vt.表明重要性；强调
12．__________ adj.彻底的；细致的
13．__________ n．协作；配合
14．__________ n．信心
__________ adj.忠诚的；可信任的routine
press
foresee
mourn
underline
thorough
teamwork
faith
faithfulⅡ.短语自测
1．__________彻底毁灭
2．__________记录在案的，有记录的
3．__________做实验
4．_________________允许某人做某事
5．_________________被认为是……
6．__________达到(某数量、程度等)
7．__________失去；没有
8．_________________终止；消灭wipe out
on record
do trials on
allow sb.to do sth.
be believed to be...
up to
be lost to
stop sth.in its tracks1．Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists _______________ trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.
自从“非典”疫情结束后，科学家们就已经着手做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发。
2．Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，especially ______ scientists _______ studied tissue from the bodies of people _______ died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved ______ Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.have been doing as who who that 许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。
3．It struck near the end of the First World War and _____________________ worldwide.
它爆发于第一次世界大战接近尾声时，使全球的家庭陷入了一片哀声之中。left families mourning课文阅读理解
Ⅰ.Fast－reading
1．Read the text to find how the passage develop?
A．In order of time. B．In order of space.
C．In order of logic. D．In order of place.
答案 A2．Read the text again and arrange the sentences in order of time.
A．One of the earliest epidemics swept through North Africa，the Middle East and Europe.
B．Experts united to SARS spreading.
C．The Spanish Flu killed up to 50 million people in 18 months.
D．SARS caused 8,000 diseased and 774 killed.
E．The reasons of “The Black Death” in 1330's in Asia.
答案 AECDBⅡ.Careful－reading
1．Why is it important to look at the spread of diseases through the history?
A．Because it can enlarge our knowledge.
B．Because many epidemics could be the next global epidemics.
C．Because people are curious about the history of epidemics.
D．Because it can help us discover the causes and effects of epidemics，and foresee and prevent them in the future.
答案 D2．Which of the following is one of the earliest epidemics on record?
A．The Black Death.
B．The epidemic which happened about 500－550 AD through North Africa，the Middle East and Europe.
C．The Spanish Flu.
D．SARS.
答案 B3．Which of the following is one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire according to the passage?
A．Up to 50% of the area's population died from a serious epidemic.
B．The king of the Roman Empire died.
C．The economy of the Roman Empire had fallen down.
D．Other countries invaded the Roman Empire.
答案 A4．Which of the following is NOT the condition for “The Black Death” to spread worldwide?
A．War.
B．Crowded cities.
C．A lack of basic health routines.
D．Food.
答案 D5．What kind of people did the Spanish Flu strike most?
A．Women. B．The young and fit.
C．The old. D．The weak.
答案 B1．Since the SARS epidemic ended，scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.自从“非典”疫情结束后，科学家们就已经着手做治疗实验以防止将来再次爆发。
[归纳拓展](1)prohibit vt.禁止
prohibit sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
prohibit one's doing sth.使某人不能做成某事(2)“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的其他常用表达：
discourage sb.from doing sth.
ban sb.from (doing) sth.
prevent sb.(from) doing sth.
forbid sb.from doing sth.
keep sb.from doing sth.
stop sb.(from) doing sth.(1)We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.
工作时间内我们不得喝酒。
(2)His small size prohibits his becoming a policeman.
他的小个子使他无法当警察。
(3)The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.
酒后开车的禁令将会减少许多死亡事故。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)The athletes are prohibited from ________(dop) in the Olympics.
(2)The environmental group is demanding a complete prohibition ________ the hunting of whales.
(3)Meanwhile，the Dutch will prohibit tourists ________ buying marijuana(大麻) in their famous coffee shops.
单句改错
(4)His poor sight prohibited him become a pilot. _______________doping againstfrom become→becoming 2．With all the international effort being made，we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.
随着国际间的共同努力，我们应该相信人们会及时找到解决方案来彻底消灭禽流感。(1)faith n．信心，信任；诚意，善意
have faith in sb.信任某人/对某人有信心
lose faith in对……失去信心/不再相信
(2)faithful adj.忠诚的；诚实的；如实/一丝不变的；可信任的
be faithful to忠实于，忠诚于
(3)faithfully adv.准确地；如实地；忠实地[归纳拓展] (1)I have great faith in her.She won't let me down.
我对她很有信心。她不会让我失望的。
(2)The public has completely lost faith in the government.
公众对政府已完全失去了信心。
(3)His translation manages to be faithful to the spirit of the original.
他的译文做到了忠于原文的精神。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)The lovers promised to be __________ (faith) forever.
完成句子
(2)I _______________ we'll find a good solution to the problem.
我相信我们会找到解决问题的好办法。
(3)We _________________ the government's promises.
我们完全相信政府的许诺。faithful have faith that have great faith in 1．Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.传染病能够彻底毁灭城市一半的人口。
[归纳拓展]wipe out彻底毁灭；彻底消灭
wipe sth.away/off/up(用手、布等)抹掉……，擦干净……
wipe sth.from/off sp.从某处擦掉某物(1)The storm wiped the building out only in two hours.
在仅仅两个小时之内，暴风雨就把那座建筑物毁坏了。
(2)She wiped the sweat from her forehead from time to time.
她时不时地擦去额头上的汗水。
(3)He wiped off the mud that had splattered on him.
他擦去溅在身上的泥浆。
[即时跟踪]
介、副词填空
(1)The whole village was wiped ______ by the earthquake.
(2)Wipe your tears __________；believe yourself and try again.out away/off 2．With all the international effort being made，we have to have faith that there will be solutions in time to stop a Bird Flu epidemic in its tracks.随着国际间的共同努力，我们应该相信人们会及时找到解决方案来彻底消灭禽流感。
[归纳拓展]stop sth.in its tracks 终止……；消灭……
stop sb.in sb.'s tracks (由于恐惧或吃惊)某人突然止步或怔住
keep/lose track of...了解/不了解……的动态；保持/失去联系(1)This famous sportsman's career was stopped in its tracks because of his doping drugs.
因为服用违禁药品，那位著名的体育运动员被终止了运动生涯。
(2)—What happened then?
—The noise stopped me in my tracks.
——后来呢？
——那声音突然使我怔住了。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)It's hard to _____________ all one's old school friends.I ________________ some of mine already.
很难保持与所有老同学的联系，我已失去与一些老同学的联系了。
(2)Bank statements help you _____________ where your money is going.
银行账单有助于你了解你的资金使用情况。
单句改错
(3)Fay stopped on her tracks and pointed at the house. _______keep track of have lost track of keep track of on→in 1．Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic，especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern adaptation of the same virus.许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。(1)这是一个较为复杂的句子。as引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。在该从句中scientists...proved...是主句；其中又含有两个由who引导的定语从句，一个that引导的宾语从句。
(2)as引导的从句类型：
①引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”。
②引导方式状语从句，意为“按照，如同”。
③引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；既然”。
④引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，此时从句须倒装。
⑤引导定语从句，意为“正如”。[归纳拓展] (1)He looked behind occasionally as he went forward in the forest.
他在森林中前进时偶尔回头看看。
(2)As you're not feeling well，you may stay at home.
既然你感觉不舒服，你可以呆在家里。
(3)As children get older，they become more and more interested in everything.随着孩子年龄的增长，他们变得对一切事物越来越感兴趣。
(4)Young as he is，he has travelled to many countries.
尽管他年轻，他已经去过许多国家旅游。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)_________________，the air is cooler.
因为刚下过雨，空气比较清爽。
(2)She is late，__________________.
她迟到了，这是经常的事。
单句改错
(3)As it may seem strange，nobody was injured in the accident. _____________________As rain has fallen as is often the case As→Though/Although 2．It struck near the end of the First World War and left families mourning worldwide.它爆发于第一次世界大战接近尾声时，使全球的家庭陷入了一片哀声之中。 本句中使用了“leave＋宾语＋宾补”的结构，其常见句式结构为：
[归纳拓展] (1)His illness has left him very weak.
他的病使他身体很虚弱。
(2)His parents both died last year，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母去年双双去世，他成了孤儿。
(3)He had left his jacket hanging next to his seat.
他把夹克衫挂在他的座位旁边。
(4)When you sleep，you'd better leave the door closed.
你睡觉时最好关上门。
(5)We hurriedly finished our meeting，leaving many problems to be settled.
我们匆忙结束会议，留下许多问题要解决。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)My roommates always leave the light __________ (burn) all night long.
(2)She left her baby's face __________ (expose)．
(3)He left his lawyer __________ (deal) with his will after his death.
完成句子
(4)Don't __________________.It's cold out.
不要开着门，外面很冷。burning exposed to deal leave the door open 课件56张PPT。Period Four Communication Workshop，Language Awareness 6，Culture Corner & Bulletin BoardⅠ.单词自测
1．__________ adj.神圣的
2．__________ vt.使丧失；抢劫
__________ n．强盗；盗贼
3．__________ adj.致命的；晚期的
4．__________ vi.下降
5．__________ vt.使有准备；装备，配备
6．__________ n．大笔钱财，巨款sacred
rob
robber
terminal
decline
equip
fortune7．__________ n．询问
__________ vt.询问；打听
8．__________ n．截止日期，最后日期
9．__________ vt.提交
10．__________ n．延期
__________ vt.延伸；扩大enquiry
enquire
deadline
submit
extension
extend
11．__________ n．担心；担忧
__________ adj.担心的；有关的
12．__________ vi.表决
13．__________ adj.怀疑的
14．__________ adj.不合理的；荒谬的
15．____________ n．情形；情况concern
concerned
vote
sceptical
absurd
circumstanceⅡ.短语自测
1．_________________另一方面
2．__________继续活着
3．__________陷入……
4．__________抢劫某人的……
5．_______________ 回归正常
6．__________ 无论如何，至少
7．__________绝望地
8．__________清除；整理
9．__________永远
10．__________漏掉；不包括；错过(机会等)on the other hand
live on
fall into
rob sb.of
return to normal
at any rate
in despair
clear up
for good
miss out1．I've broken bones before.However，____________________ ________ my leg.
我以前摔断过骨头，但是这是我第一次弄断腿。
2．..._______________________ a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.
……通常认为病人昏迷的时间越长，康复的可能性就会下降。this is the first time I've it is generally agreed that broken Ⅰ.阅读P40课文，完成下列各题
1．根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
(1)Terri has spent 15 years in a coma－like state.( )
(2)Terri's parents didn't believe she would recover.( )
(3)The court finally approved for the life support machines to be turned off.( )
(4)Doctors have fully understood comas and the process of recovery.( )
(5)Patients should be treated as well as possible.( )TFTFT2．课文阅读理解
(1)What would happen to Terri Schiavo when her life support machines were taken off?
A．She would die.
B．She would become worse.
C．She would come back to life.
D．She would blame her husband.
答案 A(2)What was Terri's parents' attitude to the court decision?
A．They were angry.
B．They were satisfied.
C．They didn't know what to do.
D．They had to take immediate action.
答案 C(3)What caused Terri fall into a coma?
A．Motorbike accidents.
B．Not wearing a helmet.
C．Heart trouble.
D．Sleeping all the time.
答案 C(4)What about the patients when there is a minimum of harm to the brain?
A．There is nothing harmful to them.
B．They can often return to normal.
C．They will lose all their memory.
D．Their brain will become useless.
答案 B(5)What is the author's reaction to the courts' decision?
A．He hates the decision.
B．He doesn't care about the decision.
C．He is strongly against the decision.
D．He is in favour of the decision.
答案 DⅡ.阅读P44课文，完成下列各题
1．根据课文内容判断正(T)、误(F)
(1)Acupuncture is a type of chemical drug.( )
(2)Western Medicine uses man－made drugs to treat illnesses.( )
(3)Western Medicine treats the body as a whole.( )
(4)Chemical drugs can be life－saving.( )FTFT(5)The Western world has always used Traditional Chinese Medicine.( )
(6)Traditional Chinese Medicine can help in the treatment of cancer.( )
(7)Western Medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine can be used together.( )
(8)Today，no Westerners have acupuncture.( )FTTF2．课文阅读表达
(1)How long has the Traditional Chinese Medicine been practised in Asia?
____________________________________________
(2)What is the difference between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________First，Traditional Chinese Medicine treats the body as a whole It has been practised in Asia for the last 2,500 years. while in Western Medicine treatment is focused only on the part of the body that is ill. Second，the nature of the treatments used between the two is different. 1．Terri had fallen into a coma in 1990 when a heart attack robbed her brain of oxygen causing permanent harm.在1990年，特里心脏病发作，大脑缺氧，造成永久性伤害，陷入昏迷状态。(1)rob vt.使丧失；抢劫
rob sb.of sth.使某人丧失某物；抢夺某人某物
rob sp.of sth.从某处抢劫某物
robber n．强盗，抢劫犯
robbery n．盗窃，抢劫[归纳拓展] (2)“动词＋sb.＋of sth.”的常用短语还有：
remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事
rid sb.of sth.使某人摆脱某事
accuse sb.of sth.控告某人犯有……
warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事
cure sb.of sth.治愈某人的疾病
inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事[易混辨析] rob/steal
(1)rob盗，抢，指公然用暴力抢劫他人的所有物。rob sb./sp.of sth.
(2)steal偷，指暗中窃取。steal sth.from sb.，steal one's sth.[图形助记]
(1)Her illness robbed her of the chance to play for her school.
生病使她失去代表学校参加比赛的机会。
(2)She used to steal money from her father's drawer.
她过去常从她父亲抽屉里偷钱。[即时跟踪]
用rob，steal的正确形式填空
(1)We found out he'd been __________ from us for years.
(2)While he was away，his house was __________ of everything in it.
(3)They threatened to shoot him and __________ him of all his possessions.
翻译句子
(4)你剥夺了我的幸福。
___________________________________stealing robbed robbed You have robbed me of my happiness. 2．...it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.……通常认为病人昏迷的时间越长，康复的可能性就会下降。
[归纳拓展]decline vi.& vt.下降；衰退；谢绝；n.下降；衰退
decline by/to...下降了……/下降到……
decline to do/doing sth.婉拒做某事
on the decline 在衰退中
in decline在衰退中
fall/go into (a) decline 开始衰落，陷入衰退(1)An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.
汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。
(2)The number of tourists to the area declined by 10% last year.
去年到这个地区旅游的人数减少了10%。
(3)The company has been in decline/on the decline since last year.
这家公司自从去年以来一直走下坡路。[助记][即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)There has been a steady decline ______ public services over recent years.
(2)She declined ____________(go) to the cinema with him.
(3)The number of robberies in the area is _____ the decline.in to go/going on 3．There's no doubt that this will equip us to cure all sorts of illnesses，from heart disease to cancer.毫无疑问，这将为我们治愈从心脏疾病到癌症各种疾病打好基础。
[归纳拓展](1)equip vt.使有准备；配备；装备
equip sb./sth.with sth.用某物装备某人/物
equip sb.to do sth.使某人能够做某事
equip sb./sth.for (doing) sth.为(做)某事而(做)准备
(2)equipment n．[U]配备，装备
a piece of equipment一件设备(1)They are equipping themselves for a journey.
他们在为旅行准备行装。
(2)Please equip yourself with a pencil and a rubber for the exam.
请自备一支铅笔和一块橡皮参加考试。
(3)Our school is equipped with much advanced equipment bought from abroad.
我们学校配备有许多从国外购买的先进设备。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)The factory is equipped _______ modern machinery and uses the most recent techniques.
完成句子
(2)A good education should ________________.
良好的教育能让你受用终生。
(3)We must _____________________________ difficult children.
我们必须使年轻教师有能力对付难管的孩子。with equip you for life equip young teachers to deal with 4．fortune n．大笔钱财，巨款；命运，运气
[归纳拓展](1)make a fortune发财
by good/bad fortune幸运/不幸地
have good/bad fortune to do...有幸/不幸做……
try one's fortune碰运气
seek one's fortune外出寻找发财机会，外出闯荡
(2)fortunate adj.幸运的
(3)fortunately adv.幸运地(1)He came into a large fortune when his rich uncle died.
有钱的叔父死后，他继承了一大笔财产。
(2)Many young people want to live in big cities to seek their fortune.
许多年轻人想在大城市里寻找成功之路。
(3)I have had good fortune to work with some brilliant directors.
我有幸与一些卓越的主管共事。[即时跟踪]
用fortune的正确形式填空
(1)She had the good __________ to be in excellent health all her life.
(2)Central London is __________ in having so many large parks and open spaces.
(3)I was late，but __________ the meeting hadn't started.
单句改错
(4)He made the fortune in the London property boom. _______fortune fortunate fortunately the→a 5．You were supposed to submit it on the 14th June.你本应该在6月14日提交它(文章)。
[归纳拓展]submit vt.提交；顺从，屈服
submit sth.to sb.提交，呈递某物给某人
submit (oneself) to sb./sth.顺从……；屈服……
submit that提议；认为(1)I have submitted the motion to the House of Commons.
我已将动议提交给了众议院。
(2)He was too proud to submit to such treatment.
他的自尊心太强，不甘于受那种对待。
(3)We will submit ourselves to the court's judgement.
我们服从法庭的判决。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)The original settlers ______________________ their rule.
最初的移民被迫服从他们的统治。
(2)He __________ the report on the matter _____ the committee.
他向委员会提交了关于那个案件的报告。were forced to submit to submitted to 6．concern n．担心，担忧；关心，关注；(利害)关系；vt.涉及，关系到；使担心，使操心
[归纳拓展](1)have no concern for...毫不关心……
have no concern with/in...和……毫无关系
(2)concern oneself with/in/about sth.忙于某事；关心某事；涉及某事be concerned about/for担心，关心
be concerned with与……有关
be concerned in涉及……
as far as...be concerned就……而言；依……之见
(3)concerning prep.关于(1)The article concerns a man who was wrongly imprisoned.
这篇文章写的是一个被冤枉而入狱的人。
(2)Rose has never been particularly concerned about what other people think of him.
罗斯对别人如何看待自己从来不太在意。
(3)As far as I am concerned，the whole idea is crazy.
在我看来，这一想法十分荒唐。[语境串记]
As far as I am concerned，educators should be concerned about the problem that is concerned with the healthy growth of children and concern themselves with/in the work of education actively.
依我之见，教育工作者应该关心与儿童健康成长有关的问题，并积极地参与教育工作。[即时跟踪]
单句语法填空
(1)The boy's poor health __________(concern) his parents.
(2)The teacher is concerned _______ his students' safety.
(3)This chapter is mainly concerned __________ the historical background.
完成句子
(4)______________________，the sooner，the better.
就我而言，越快越好。
(5)There is no need to ______________________ the matter.
你不用管这事。concerned about with As far as I'm concerned concern yourself with/in 7．I vote we ban those experiments.我赞成禁止(做)那些试验。
[归纳拓展]vote v．表决，投票，选出；n.投票，表决
vote for/against投票赞成/反对
vote on就……投票表决
vote to do sth.投票决定做某事(1)I'm going to vote for the candidate you are planning to vote for.
我打算投票赞成你准备选举的那个候选人。
(2)With the speeches finished，we voted to choose the monitor.
演讲结束后，我们投票选班长。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)We couldn't decide who to be given the prize，so we had to ________(投票表决) it.
(2)Please __________(投票支持) Tom，a good citizen.
(3)The citizens _____________(投票反对) his being president.vote on vote for voted against 1．If trends continue the way they're going，then in my opinion，yes—in developed countries at any rate.在我看来，如果照目前的趋势发展下去，会是这样的——至少在发达国家是这样。
[归纳拓展]at any rate无论如何；至少
at this/that rate 如果此/那种情形是真的话；这/那样的话
at the/a rate of...以……的速度或比率；以……的价格(1)We may miss the next bus，but at any rate we'll be there before midday.
我们可能赶不上下一趟公共汽车，但无论如何，中午以前我们总可以到那里。
(2)At this rate，we will soon be bankrupt.
照这样下去，我们很快就会破产。
(3)The apples are sold at the rate of ￡10 for twenty.
这些苹果以每20个10英镑的价格出售。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)We're working so slowly that，__________，we'll never finish the job.
我们干得太慢了，照这样下去，永远也干不完这个活儿。
(2)__________，we must get there before dark.
无论如何，我们必须在天黑以前赶到那里。
单句改错
(3)At this rate，I determined to wait for his definite reply. __________at this rate At any rate this→any 2．Traditional Chinese Medicine finds the cause of the sneezing and treats that to clear it up for good.
传统中医会找到打喷嚏的原因，并把它永远地治愈。
[归纳拓展]for good (and all) 永远
for one's good为某人好
do...good(＝do good to...) 对……有好处
for the good of...为……的利益；为……好
It's no good doing...做……没用。(1)He has given up smoking for good (and all)．
他永远也不吸烟了。
(2)Cuts have been made for the good of the company.
实行裁减是为了公司的利益。
(3)It is no good trying to talk me out of leaving.
想说服我不离开，没用。[即时跟踪]
介词填空
(1)He hoped the repairs to the roof would stop the leak ______ good.
(2)You should do sport to keep young.I find jogging does good _____ me.for to 1．I've broken bones before.However，this is the first time I've broken my leg.我以前摔断过骨头，但是这是我第一次弄断腿。
[归纳拓展](1)It/This/That is/was the＋序数词＋time＋that...是某人第几次做……
若主句为一般过去时，从句用过去完成时；若主句为一般现在时，从句用现在完成时。
(1)It was the first time that I had ever got such a good chance to go abroad for further education.
这是我第一次获得出国深造的好机会。
(2)It's high time we left/should leave for the airport.
我们该去机场了。[即时跟踪]
完成句子
(1)__________ the first time that I __________ here.
这是我第一次来这里。
(2)______________________________ he was employed in the company.
他受雇于那家公司已经一年多了。
(3)____________________ we meet again.
我们很快就会再见面的。This/It is have come It is/has been more than a year since It won't be long before 2．...it is generally agreed that a patient's chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.……通常认为病人昏迷的时间越长，康复的可能性就会下降。
[归纳拓展]此句中it作形式主语，that从句为主语从句。
类似用法有：
(1)It's said that...据说……；It's reported that...据报道……；It's announced that...据宣布……；It's well known that...众所周知……(2)该句型可与People＋动词原形＋that 从句或Sb.is＋过去分词＋to do sth.进行转换。
注意：在sb./sth.be said/thought/believed/hoped...to do/to be doing/to have done结构中，根据动词不定式和said等动作之间的时间关系来断定使用不定式的一般式、进行式还是完成式。(1)It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.
经常听人说人类天生就有说话的能力。
(2)It is reported that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
据报道约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。
(3)It is said that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
＝John is said to be (be) one of the best teachers in the school.
＝People say that John is one of the best teachers in the school.
据说约翰是这个学校最好的老师之一。[即时跟踪]
句型转换
(1)It's known to all that their team has won.
→___________ is known to all _____________.
→____________________ their team has won.
单句改错
(2)It's said when he was a child he could run very fast. ____________Their team to have won People know well that said后加that 课件49张PPT。Period Five Grammar & Writing一、虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。
1．虚拟语气在if条件句中的应用：If it were sunny，we could go shopping now.
如果此时天气是晴好的话，我们就能去购物了。
If Tom had got everything ready last night，he would have left this morning.
如果昨晚汤姆准备好一切的话，他今早就离开了。
If he shouldn't come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
要是他明天来不了，我们将把会议推迟到下周一。[高考链接1]
用所给词的正确形式填空
1．Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week？If you ________(tell)me，I could have helped.(2016·北京)
2．I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadn't been wearing one，I would ________________(injure)．(2016·天津)
3．If I __________(not，see) it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.(2015·北京)
4．If Mr.Dewey _________(be) present，he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.(2014·湖南)had told have been injured hadn't seen had been 2．混合虚拟语气(混合虚拟条件句)
通常情况下，虚拟条件句和主句的谓语动词所指的时间是一致的，但有时也可能指不同的时间，即：在虚拟语气中，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的形式因时间的不同而不同，这叫作混合虚拟条件句，也叫作错综时间条件句。这时要根据上下文的意思来采取不同的谓语动词形式。
If I were you，I would have taken his advice.
如果我是你的话，我就接纳他的意见。[高考链接2]
用所给动词的正确形式填空
It was John who broke the window.Why are you talking to me as if I __________(do) it？(2014·重庆)
3．含蓄虚拟语气(含蓄虚拟条件句)
有时假设的情况并不以if引导的条件从句表示，而是由介词短语(without...没有……，but for...要不是……)、连词(but但是，or否则)、副词(otherwise否则)等表示，我们称之为含蓄虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟语气。had done Without electricity，life would be quite different today.
没有电，生活就和现在完全不一样了。
But for the rain we would have had a nice holiday.
要不是因为下雨，我们的假期一定过得很惬意。
I was too busy at that time，otherwise I would have called you.
我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。[高考链接3]
用所给词的正确形式填空
1．If it ____________ (not，be)for his invitation the other day，I should not be here now. (2016·江苏)
2．It is lucky we booked a room，or we ____________(have) nowhere to stay now.(2015·安徽)
3．Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway _________
__________(not，write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(2015·重庆)
4．They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they ________________(come) to our help.(2014·浙江)had not been would have would have come have writtenwouldn't4．虚拟条件句的倒装
在if虚拟条件句中，如果谓语动词有were/should/had时，可以省略if，条件从句要变为部分倒装句，即把were/should/had提到主语前面。
Had it rained，the crops would be green now.
如果下过雨的话，庄稼现在会绿油油的。
Were I at school again，I would study harder.
如果我可以再上学，我会更努力地学习。
Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.
如果明天下雨，我们就不去爬山。[高考链接4]
句型转换
1．Had the governments and scientists not worked together，AIDS－related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.(2016·浙江)
→________________________________________ together，AIDS－related deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.
2．Had he caught the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.(2014·天津)
→________________ the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.If the governments and scientists had not worked If he had caught 二、情态动词
情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态，如需要、可能、愿意和怀疑等。情态动词有一定的词义，但不完整，必须和主要动词的原形一起构成谓语。
1．常用的情态动词及短语
can，could，may，might，must，need，dare，shall，will， should，would，ought to，be able to，had better，have to， etc.2．情态动词的语法特征
(1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
(2)情态动词除ought 和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。
(3)情态动词没有人称、数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加－s。
(4)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。3．情态动词的用法4．常见情态动词的用法
(1)can
①表能力。
He can speak English.他会讲英语。
②表许可(相当于may)。
You can't play football in the street.
你不能在街上踢足球。
③表推测(多用于疑问句和否定句)。
Who can he be?
他会是谁呢？(2)could
①表能力、可能性、许可。
Could you hear that all right?
你能听清楚吗？
②用于委婉、客气地提出问题或陈述看法，回答时用原形。
He said he could come to the party.
他说他会来参加聚会。
—Could I use your dictionary?
—Yes，you can.
——我能用一下你的词典吗？
——行，可以。[高考链接5]
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
Although you ______ find bargains in London，it's not generally a cheap place to shop.(2014·大纲全国)
Ⅱ.单句改错(仅有1处错误)
I have been practising for three weeks now，but I still couldn't get used to it—in fact，I've nearly killed three people.(2010·四川，短文改错)
_______________can couldn't→can't (3)may
①表许可。
May I sit here？我可以坐这儿吗？
②表推测。
We may meet her at the station.
我们可能会在车站遇到她。
③表祝愿。
May you succeed！祝你成功！
(4)might
①表可以做的事或可能发生的事，might比may的口气委婉或表示实现的可能性更小些。Thinking it might rain，I decided to go by car.
我当时以为会下雨，所以决定乘车去。
②may (just) as well，might as well，意为“不妨”，用于提出建议。
You may as well have a try.你不妨试一下。
③表推测。
She studies so hard that she might pass the examination.
她学习这么努力，很可能会通过考试。
We might finish the task ahead of time.
我们可能会提前完成这项任务。[高考链接6]
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．You ______ feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.(2015·陕西)
2．Life is unpredictable；even the poorest ________ become the richest.(2014·江西)
Ⅱ.单句改错(仅有1处错误)
Mom，though I may often say it，I do love you.(2012·四川，短文改错)
___________may might may后加not (5)must
①表必须做的事，着重主观看法。其否定式mustn't表示“不应该，不许可”。对其问句作否定回答时不用mustn't，而用needn't或don't have to。have to强调客观需要。
I must go now.现在我必须走了。
—Must I go to work?
—No，you needn't./Yes，you must.
——我必须去上班吗？
——不，你不必去。/是的，你必须去。②表推测，只用于肯定句，意为“一定”。
There must be nobody here.那儿肯定没人。
③表“偏要，硬要”(指做令人不愉快的事)。
Must you shout so loudly?
你非得这么大声吗？[高考链接7]
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．You _______ be careful with the camera.It costs！(2015·四川)
2．You _______ be Carol.You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.(2015·重庆)
3．—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late.I really ______ go now.My daughter is home alone.(2015·北京)must must must Ⅱ.单句改错(仅有1处错误)
Meanwhile，I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last.(2012·新课标全国，短文改错)
__________________
(6)shall
①用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示命令、许诺、警告、强制、威胁、决心等。
You shall apologize to him.你要向他道歉。 must→could/might ②用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示征求对方的意见和指示。
Shall I fetch some water for you?
要我去给你拿些水吗？
(7)should/ought to
①表劝告、建议。
We should go to see him now.
我们应该现在去看他。②表推测，进行尝试性的判断。
With her talent and experience—she should do well for herself.
凭着她的才能和经验，她自己应该能做得很好。
③should可以表示惊奇、怀疑、不满的情绪。
He should be careless to such an important matter.
他竟然对这么重要的事那么粗心。[高考链接8]
用适当的情态动词填空
It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_________ bring me food.(2014·江苏)
(8)will
①表意愿、意志、决心。
I will succeed.
我会成功。should ②表示倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water.
离开水，鱼会死的。
③用于疑问句表示请求、邀请。
Will you see a movie with me?
你愿意和我去看电影吗？(9)would
①表过去的意志、愿望和决心。
I felt he would go with me.
我感觉他愿意和我去。
②委婉地提出请求、建议，比will更委婉，肯定回答用will。
Would you join us?
你愿意加入我们吗？
③表过去习惯性的动作。
As a young man，he would play basketball.
小的时候，他常常打篮球。[高考链接9]
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
I still remember my happy childhood when my mother ________ take me to Disneyland at weekends.(2014·四川)
Ⅱ.单句改错(仅有1处错误)
I knew that they will be worried about me because I was so far away，and that my mother would not sleep if she knew.(2012·浙江，短文改错)
_____________will→would would (10)need常用于疑问句和否定句中，否定式为needn't。
—Need I heat the dish?
—No，you needn't.
——我需要热一下菜吗？
——不，不必。[高考链接10]
用适当的情态动词填空
1．—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we __________ bring anything with us？(2014·湖南)
2．I've ordered some pizza，so we __________ worry about cooking when we get home tired.(2014·重庆)needn't needn't (11)dare多用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
What's the matter—daren't you read what it says?
怎么了——你难道不敢把上面写的念出来吗？
If you ever dare call me that name again，you'll be sorry.
你胆敢再那样叫我，你就后悔莫及了。(12)“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”可表示推测
①may(might) have done sth.，can (could) have done sth.表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
②must have done sth.，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有“肯定”，“务必”的意思。
③ought to have done sth.，should have done sth.表示“本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做”。否定句表示“不该做某事而做了”。
④needn't have done sth.表示“本没必要做某事，但做了”。 [高考链接11]
用适当的情态动词填空
1．I __________ have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.(2015·天津)
2．My book，The House of Hades，is missing.Who __________ have taken it？(2014·陕西)needn’t could 【文体指导】
1．议论文的结构和上下文的连贯性
对于议论性的作文，其结构要自然地形成主题、扩展和结尾这样的三段式结构。开头句往往是主题句，主题句要做到内容完整、概括性强、表达清楚、突出主题。一般说来，一篇议论文讨论的是一个主题，其焦点只有一个，要做到主题的统一性。其次上下文的连贯性也很重要，做到段落中的句子之间相互联系、相互依存、上下一体，也就是逻辑关系要一致。另外，适当地利用一些连接词和过渡词会增强段落的连贯性。2．议论文段落的基本结构
议论文段落的基本结构：主题句(topic sentence)、阐述句(supporting sentence)和结尾句(concluding sentence)。
(1)主题句：包括段落的主题和中心思想，一般置于段首，偶尔也置于段中或段末，并不是所有的段落都有主题句，有的段落的主题内容是分散的。
(2)阐述句：通过具体而有说服力的事实来展开主题。
(3)结尾句：是对段落的概括、总结或是对主题的评论和建议，以增强回味的余地。【常用句式】
1．We have a discussion about...
2．We have had a survey on...
3．Opinions are divided on the question.
4．Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
5．Others have different opinions.
6．First/Firstly，second/secondly，third/thirdly，finally，then，next，in addition，furthermore，besides，what's more...
7．It's well known that/everyone knows that/some people think that/It seems obvious that...
8．In my opinion/view，as far as I know，in conclusion，in short，at last，in other words...【写作任务】
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。注意：1.文章必须包括表中的全部内容；
2．词数100左右。
Should students make friends online？
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【审题谋篇】
第一步 明确要求
本文是一篇正反观点式的议论文。时态以一般现在时为主；主要人称应为第一人称。
第二步 确定正文
Para 1 说明对待网上交友大家有各自不同的观点
Para 2 说明赞成网上交友的理由
Para 3 说明反对网上交友的理由
Para 4 说明自己的看法第三步 提炼要点
1．__________ 而且
2．__________ 网上聊天
3．______________________________ 表达某人的情感和观点
4．_____________ 浪费时间
5．besides __________
6．get cheated __________
7．It is my opinion that..._________________
8．as for ______________what's more chat online express one's feelings and opinions a waste of time 而且 受骗 我的观点是…… 至于/对于…… 第四步 扩点成句
1．通过上网聊天，学生们能够自由自在地抒发自己的情感和发表自己的看法。
(一般表达)If they chat online，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions.
(句式升级)_______________，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions.(现在分词作状语)Chatting online 2．网上交友是在浪费时间，这段时间本来可以好好地用在学习上的。
(一般表达)Making friends online is a waste of time.That should be spent more meaningfully on study.
(句式升级)Making friends online is a waste of time，___________________________________________.(which引导的非限制性定语从句)which should be spent more meaningfully on study3．就我个人的观点来看，学生们应该把学习、健康和安全放在首位。
(一般表达)In my opinion，students should place their study，health and safety before other things.
(句式升级)It is my opinion ____________________________ ______________________________________.(that引导的同位语从句)that students should place their study，health and safety before other things 4．至于友谊，我们能容易地在我们周围的同学和其他人中找到。
(一般表达)We can easily find friendship in our classmates and other people around us.
(句式升级)_______________，we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.(介词短语作状语)As for friendship 【范文赏析】
Should students make friends online? Some people say yes. They think the Internet helps them make many friends.①What's more，②chatting online，students can more freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign language studies.
Others，however，think students should not make friends online.They say ③making friends online is a waste of time，④which should be spent more meaningfully on study.⑤Besides，some students may get cheated online. ⑥It is my opinion that students should place their study，health and safety before other things.As for friendship，we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.
【亮点点评】
本文熟练、恰当地运用了复杂句式，如④非限制性定语从句，⑥主语从句，较好地进行了语言表达；同时使用了非谓语动词如②、③，使得句子简单、条理性强；另外，连接词、插入语的使用如①、⑤使文章通顺，增强了逻辑性。
