英语牛津上海版高一年级第一学期 同步教学课件（20份）

课件17张PPT。Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father. “But, Dad, you can’t be healthy if you’re dead.”
Dad, in a hurry to get home before dark so he could go for a run, had forgotten to wear his safety belt———a mistake 75% of the US population make every day. The big question is why.
Why did Elizabeth say to her father, “But, Dad, you can’t be healthy if you’re dead?
He was driving at great speed.
B. He was running across the street.
C. He didn’t have his safety belt on.
D. He didn’t take his medicine on time.
亲爱的同学，你能推断出小女孩儿为什么要对她父亲说那样的话吗？阅读理解01020304推断单词、句子和文章的含义确定答案带着问题阅读短文找出主题句、确定中心思想【知识梳理1】答题步骤精读
最细致、最慢的深层阅读方式，目的是求得对文章全文意义的理解与掌握跳读
有选择的阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答what,who, who ,when ,where 之类的问题最有效
略读
粗略地快速阅读，了解文章大意。此方法能用来回答why 、how之类的问题。阅读方法因此对于不同的题型需要采取不同的阅读策略【知识梳理2】阅读方法【例题精讲】Every second there are, on average, more than four babies being born and fewer than two people dying. As a result, the world population keeps increasing.
The average baby will probably be born in the Asia-Pacific region. In this area, the population growth rate is higher than anywhere else in the world.
It is just 12 years since the world’s population reached 6 billion. Official estimates say the number will top 8 billion in 2025 and 10 billion before the end of the century.
With more and more people in the world, there will be less land and water for each person. The major problem will be feeding the new arrivals. Finding housing and medical care for everyone will also be difficult.
For now, China still has the largest population in the world, with 1.34 billion people. In the past 10 years it added 73.9 million, more than the population of France or Thailand.
However, its growth has slowed and it is estimated that the population will stop increasing in 2027. By 2050, according to some experts, China’s population will be smaller than it is today.
This is thanks to the family planning policy (计划生育政策) that started about 30 years ago. In the 1970s, Chinese women had five to six children each on average. Now, that number is around 1.5.
?What is the biggest problem for more and more newly born babies?
A. They have no place to live in.
B. There is not enough food.
C. Medical care doesn’t cover them.
D. No people would like to feed them.
【例题精讲】事实细节题文章出处：
With more and more people in the world, there will be less land and water for each person. The major problem will be feeding the new arrivals.
According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?
A. In 2025, the world’s population will be 9 billion.
B. In 2027, China’s population will be smaller than it is today.
C. In 2090, the world’s population will be 11 billion.
D. France now has less than 73.9 million people.【例题精讲】事实细节题
文章出处：
In the past 10 years it added 73.9 million, more than the population of France or Thailand.根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付事实细节题此类题型一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案。第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。
做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。
这类题型的主要提问方式常为：?
Which?of?the?following?is?true/NOT?true?in?the?passage??
which?of?the?following?statements?is?NOT?discussed/mentioned?in?the?passage??
Which?is?the?right?order?of?the?events?given?in?the?passage??
All?the?following?statements?are?NOT?true?except??————???????.【知识梳理3】事实细节题词义猜测题猜测词义题?要求考生以上下文内容为参考，尝试理解文中出现的生词、短语或句子。主要的解题方法有：
根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词意
根据对比关系猜测生词的词意
根据因果关系猜测生词的词意
根据生活常识猜测生词的词意?
【知识梳理4】词义猜测题推理判断题题目中常含有infer,?conclude,?imply，?know/learn?from?the?passage等类似的词。
这类题目的选项特点是：?
第一，有些错误的干扰选项只是对原文的简单重复，而非推断出来的结论
第二，有些选项根据我们已有的常识看是正确的，但却不是基于文章
第三，一些选项因果倒置，看似从原文中推导出来的结论，实际却与原文不符。
1. What can we learn from the first two paragraphs?
A. More babies are being born than people dying in every second.
B. More people die than those being born in every second.
C. The birth rate and death rate in every second are the same.
D. The newly born babies in every second are in the Asia-Pacific region.【例题精讲】必须以原文为依据去合理推测标题选择题??标题的选择要遵循“精、准、全”三原则。“精”是指要用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心；“准”是指标题的选择要注意文章的外延和内涵，不能扩大或缩小文章的内容；“全”是指标题的选择应该排除掉那些片面的选项，而正确地选取能包含文章的主要内容及作者要表达的观点的选项。【知识梳理5】标题选择题作者的观点、态度题?解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成；若用贬义词，显然是反对；若客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。
因此，同学们在做这种题目时，应注意其中所使用的一些形容词，另外，我们可以寻找文中的转折词，一般转折词后面的文段表明了作者的观点。
如：
What does the author think of the family planning policy?
A. It is unfair.
B. It is useful.
C. It should be stopped.
D. It should be kept forever. 【例题精讲】【知识梳理6】作者观点态度题12词汇、词组积累
结果是 as a result
增长率 growth rate
由于 thanks to
到...为止 by the end of
平均 on average
医疗 medical care
最主要的 问题 the major problem
?
?1.?抓好限时训练2.?注重长难句的理解4.?积累文化背景知识3.?掌握科学高效的阅读技巧如何提高自己的阅读能力?1. 阅读中不同题型的解题策略和方法
2. 阅读中的词汇短语及句型
3. 写作句型及思路总结
1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 请在规定时间内完成讲义中的课后巩固部分。City of Stars 繁星之城City of stars Are you shining just for me City of stars There so much that I can‘t see Who knows I felt it from the first embrace
I shared with you That now our dreams They’ve finally come true City of stars Just one thing everybody wants ……
Think I want it to stay City of stars Are you shining just for me City of stars You never shined so brightly
一共用了多少种时态？
课件17张PPT。Listen to the rhythm of the falling rain
Telling me just what a fool I've been
I wish that it would go and let me cry in vain
And let me be along again
The only girl I care about has gone away
Looking for a band new start
But little does she know that when she left that day
Along with her she took my hear
Rain please tell me now does that seem fair
For her to steal my heart away
When she don't care I can't love another
When my heart's somewhere far away
Rain won't you tell her that I love her so….
Rhythm of The Rain数一数到底运用了几种时态？have visitedwears【知识梳理1】
与现在有关的时态
1、一般现在时：do/does ?
表客观真理、时刻表的安排、现在的状况、 ?
※时间状语和条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来 ?
2、现在进行时：am/is/are doing ?
※现在正进行的动作、与always连用表强烈的语气、表计划安排 ?
3、现在完成时：have/has done ?
※常与recently/lately/ so far/ up to now/in the past three years等连用
特殊句型：It’s the first time+完成时、it is /has been+一段时间+before….
【例题精讲】
1. It is the first time I __has visited_______ (visit) the Bird’s Nest. ?
2. This kind of glasses ___wears_____(wear) comfortably. ?
We _________a heated discussion when he _____ in. were having came例题精讲【知识梳理2】
与过去有关的时态
1、一般过去时：did/ was , were
表过去经常性、习惯性、或反复发生的动作
常用时间状语：the other day; last term; three decades ago
2、过去进行时：was /were doing
表示过去某一时刻 正在进行的动作
常用时间状语：at that time, this time yesterday, when……
1．一般将来时：will/shall do
表示将要发生的动作或者事实3．过去将来时： would do
相对于过去时间还未发生的动作3．过去将来时： would do
相对于过去时间还未发生的动作future tense1. I ____________(finish) the work before he returns.
2. He promised he ___________(not make) the same mistake again.
3. Hurry up, or you ________________(be) late for class.
【例题精讲】【知识梳理3】will finishwon’t makewill be1.基本用法:既表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,也表示从某一较早的过去动作持续到一个较迟的过去的动作。
By six o’clock he had worked twelve hours.
2. want /think/hope/plan/mean/expect/intend/suppose等动词的过去完成时＋不定式的一般式（等于这些动词的一般过去式后接不定式的完成式）,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等。
I had meant to come （＝ I meant to have come）, but something happened.【知识梳理4】过去完成时（had ＋ p.p.）By the end of last term, we __________(learn) 12 units.

【例题精讲】用好过去完成时,关键在于理解它是“过去的过去Key: had learned1.Tom looked at the fence that his aunt_____(tell) him to paint and felt very depressed.
had told
2. By the end of last Saturday, Miss Rose———(be) here for half a year.
had been
3. He (mend) the fax machine before the beautiful girl entered.
had mended
4. The report found that the safety equipment——(be) very poorly maintained.
had been
5. They _______(mean) to see me off at the airport, but they got there late.
had meant
巩固练习一些特殊句型中的过去完成时1〕 It/This/That was the first time＋that….从句谓语用过去完成时。
2〕by the time＋一般过去式,主句中谓语用过去完成时。
eg. By the time he came back, we had repaired the machine.
3〕No sooner ＋ had＋主语＋p.p. ＋than ＋一般过去时
Hardly (Scarcely )＋ had＋主语＋p.p. ＋ when ＋一般过去时
eg. No sooner had he gone to the garden than his son went to play with his classmates.
定义：
构成：shall/will + have +过去分词
用法：经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用
经典例句：Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.
将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。例题讲解1. By the time Jane gets home his aunt ______ for London to attend a meeting.
A. will leave B. leaves
C. will have left D. mind
2. On her next birthday, Ann ______ married for twenty years.
A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been
3. —I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.
—I know. By next month, he _______ enough for a used one.
A. will have saved B. will be savingC. has saved D. saves分析：C。时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来，by加将来时间与将来完成时连用。
分析：D。表示到将来某时为止势必会完成的情况，英语要用将来完成时。
分析：A。 “我听说詹森计划要买一辆车。”“我知道，到下个月，他积蓄的钱就够买一辆二手车了。”现在进行时一般现在时【知识梳理4】易混淆时态辨析:一般现在时和现在进行时现阶段正在进行的动作；按照计划即将要开始的动作 ；通常带有感彩；Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belt. The plane ___B____.
A. takes off B. is taking off
C. has taken off D. took off 按时间表应该发生的动作（如飞机起飞）；常规习惯性动作； 表示客观事实和真理
Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 1026 ____A___ off at 18: 20.
takes B. took
C. will be taken D. has taken 一般过去时现在完成时【知识梳理4】易混淆时态辨析:现在完成时和一般过去时动作发生在过去，和现在并无关系也无影响； 1）My brother becomes an engineer. But before this job, he was a teacher since he graduated.
2）My brother has been a teacher since he graduated.
动作发生在过去，对现在产生一定的影响。
说出这两句分别用了什么时态动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响；或者过去发生的动作可能持续到现在。动作在过去发生，一直延续到现在并有继续延续下去的可能。 【例题精讲】Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _______ going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. consider D. is going to consider 现在完成时 VS 现在完成进行时【知识梳理4】易混淆时态辨析:B动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”。 现在完成时 VS 过去完成时【知识梳理4】易混淆时态辨析:I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 　　
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。对比区分高中阶段常考的12种时态及用法。
1.画表格，掌握高中阶段常考的12种时态及用法。
2. 回顾辨析几组易混时态，如过去时与现在完成时，现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别等。
3. 完成时态练习，包括单选题，语法填空题和翻译。加深学生对于时态的理解和运用能力
can you answer the following questions about science?1 . The sun and the group of planets which move around it is called the __________.
Solar system
Sound system
Milky way
comet
?
2. The energy of motion is known as________.
A. Kinetic energy
B. Positive charge
C. Negative charge
D. Thermal energy
?
AA课件20张PPT。US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on MarsThe only known frog species that can communicate using purely ultrasonic callsIn a study of elderly men and women，those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage．Look at the pictures above, do you want to know more? 【知识梳理1】
科普类阅读相关词汇?
advanced science 尖端科学
double-edged sword 双刃剑
energy crisis 能源危机
milestone 里程碑
technical innovation 科技创新
cure-all solution 万能良药
genetic engineering 基因工程
anti-virus programs 杀毒软件
cyber crime 网上犯罪




disastrous 灾难性的
portable 便携的
innovative 创新的
cutting-edge 尖端的
cost-effective 性价比高的
portable 便携的形容词名词12345标题(Headline)导语(Introduction)背景( Background)主体(Main body)结尾(End)【知识梳理2】

文章结构
1234细节理解题词义猜测题推理判断题主旨大意题【知识梳理3】

题型说明
文章中词汇的意义比较单一、稳定、简明，不带感彩，具有单一性和准确性的特点。句子结构较复杂，语法分析较困难。经常会使用集多种语法现象与一体的长句。常使用被动语态，强调动作的承受者。常使用双重否定句。【知识梳理4】

文章特点
文章首段：
US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars boosting hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.
导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景交待一个事实的起因。【例题精讲】The lake, which dates back some 3.4 billion years, appears to have covered as much as 80 square miles and was up to 1,500 feet deep, said the team from the University of Colorado.
"This is the first unambiguous evidence of shorelines on the surface of Mars," said Boulder's research associate, Gaetano Di Achille, in a study published in the latest edition of Geophysical
Research Letters.
"The identification of the shorelines and accompanying geological evidence allows us to calculate the size and volume of the lake, which appears to have formed about 3.4 billion years ago."
Analysis of the images has shown the water carved out the canyon in which it was found, which then opened out into a valley depositing sediment which formed a delta."Finding shorelines is a holy grail of sorts to us," said assistant professor Brian Hynek, adding it showed the lake existed at a time when Mars was thought to have been cold and dry.
Scientists believe the oldest surfaces on Mars formed during the wet and warm era known as the Noachan epoch, about 4.1 billion to 3.7 billion years ago, that featured a bombardment of
large meteors and extensive flooding.The newly discovered lake is believed to date from the Hesperian era and postdates the end of the warm and wet period on Mars by 300 million years, according to the study.
主体则对导语概括的事实进行详细叙述，这一部分命题往往最多，因此，阅读时，同学们要把这部分作为重点。Q: What can scientists estimate about the Mars from the discovery?
A: Science can estimate the size, the volume, and the history of the lake and so on.
结尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并与导语相呼应，
命题者常在此要设计一道推理判断题。
Scientists believe deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars as such places on Earth have become the natural deposits of organic carbon and other markers of life.
Q: What may deltas next to the lake provide for people?
A: Deltas next to the lake may well hold secrets about past life on Mars.
词汇、词组拓展 uncover 揭露，发现 date back 追溯 unambiguous 清楚的，明白的 analysis 分析 canyon 峡谷 postdate 填迟…的日期【知识梳理5】长难句分析 长句：一般是指包含多个定语从句，状语从句或插入语、并列句等附加成分，且各成分之间相互连接的句子
US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars boosting hopes of discovering evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.
解析：主句US researchers have uncovered traces of an ancient lake on Mars之后用了动名词短语boosting…作结果状语，另外还运用了高一阶段即将学习的新的语法点-同位语从句：evidence that billions of years ago the Red planet hosted life.
?阅读A篇精讲 Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet—as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through? It’s trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much, Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it ----you see the things behind it.
Life in the Clear To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials----skin, fat, and more----and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see—through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果冻状的)material and spread themselves over it .
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.词义猜测题The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means__________.
A. silently B. gradually
C. regularly D. completely
文章出处： . But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
细节理解题According to Paragraph 1, transparent animals_______.
A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged
C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures
分析：
文章第一段第三行：Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch。
得知B选项：透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。One way for an animal to become transparent is to ________.
change the direction of light travel B. gather materials to scatter light.
C. avoid the absorption of light D. grow bigger to stop light.
文章出处：To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering lightThe last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals________.
A. move more slowly in deep water
B. stay see-through even after death
C. produce more tissues for their survival
D. take effective action to reduce light spreading
文章出处：Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.
推理判断题参考词组搭配：:（仅供参考）
先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology
人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed/ recognized that…
引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention
热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate
我认为 As far as I am concerned, / Personally,
对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…
在某种程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way
?
Speaking and writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
科学的进步论给人类带来利益的同时也给社会带来一些灾难。请以“Science, Good or Evil” 为题， 举例说明。
【知识梳理6】相关作文运用1. 科普类阅读的解题技巧和方法
2. 阅读中的词汇短语及句型
2. 写作句型及思路总结1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 请在规定时间内完成讲义中的课后巩固部分。如何表示罗马帝国历经几个世纪？
下节课我们继续复习时态语态的重难点
?
Roman Empire ________ for centuries.
has existed existedOR课件10张PPT。-穿越--在古代“被打”-回忆所学时态并思考什么是被动语态【知识梳理1】
表示"据说"或"相信" 的词组，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等组成。例如：
It is said that…　　 据说　　
It is reported that… 据报道　　　
It is believed that…　大家相信
It is hoped that…　 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知　　
It is thought that…　 大家认为
It is suggested that…　据建议　　
It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然　
It has been decided that… 大家决定　　
It must be remember that… 务必记住的是
【例题精讲】
It __________that the superstar has left for the USA for further study.
A. report B. reports C. is reporting D. is reportedD【知识梳理2】
不用被动语态的情况
1） 不及物动词或不及物动词短语，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 结束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等没有被动语态。
例如：
　 After the fire, very little remained of my house. 大火过后，我家烧得所剩无几。
比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。
2） 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如：
　This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙只配这把锁。
　Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你说的与我们听说的一致。
3） 系动词无被动语态，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。
4） 带同源宾语的及物动词如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态。
例如：She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了个恶梦。
【例题精讲】
例1. The water in the river ___________ three feet last night because of the sudden flood.
A. raised B. rose C . is raised D is risen
例2. Your idea _________ good.
A. sound B. sounds C . is sounded D. is sounding BBD1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如：
The book sells well.　 这本书销路。
This knife cuts easily.　 这刀子很好用。2）blame, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如：
I was to blame for the accident. 事故发生了，我该受指责。主动形式表示被动意义【知识梳理3】3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容词）, deserve后的动名词，必须用主动形式。例如：
　 The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 门该修了。
　 This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。5）介词in, on, under 等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：
under control (受控制)，under treatment (在治疗中)，under repair (在修理中)，under discussion (在讨论中)，under construction (在施工中)，beyond belief (令人难以置信)，beyond one’s reach (鞭长莫及)，beyond one’s control (无法控制)，beyond our hope (我们始料不及)，for sale (出售)，for rent (出租)，in print (在印刷中)，in sight (在视野范围内)，on sale (出售)，on show (展出)，on trial (受审)，out of control (失控)，out of sight (超出视线之外)，out of one’s reach (够不着)，out of fashion (不流行)。如：
The building is under construction (is being constructed).
The rumor is beyond belief ( = can’t be believed ).
His honest character is above all praise. ( = His honest character cannot be praised enough.)
That house is for sale. ( = That house is to be sold.)
The book is not yet in print ( = is not yet printed ).
He took two days off within the teacher’s permission.
【例题精讲】
例1. This kind of cloth _________well. (耐洗)
A. washes B. wash C. is washing D. is washed
例2. The classroom needs ________.
A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning
例3. Explain it clearly and make yourself_________.
A. understand B. be understood C understood D. is understoodDADC【知识梳理4】
被动形式表示主动意义，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, get married等。例如：
　　He is graduated from a famous university. 他毕业于一所有名的大学。
注意：表示同某人结婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb.均可。例如：
　 He married a rich girl. /He got married to a rich girl.他与一个富家女孩结婚了。
【例题精讲】
If he ___________ to do something, nobody can stop him from doing so.
A. determines B. will determine C. is determined D . will be determined?DC 1.以表格的形式梳理不同时态对应的被动语态形式。
2. 掌握主动表被动和被动表主动的情况。
3. 完成相关练习题，会举一反三。
About 76 percent of young Chinese people experience difficulty falling asleep, according to a report released by the Chinese Sleep Research Society (CSRS) ahead of World Sleep Day on March 21. Experts expressed concern over the sleep quality of the country’s youth, saying that irregular daily routines may harm one’s health.
　　3月21日是世界睡眠日，在此前夕中国睡眠研究会公布了一份报告，指出中国约有76%的年轻人难以入睡。专家们对中国年轻人的睡眠质量表示担忧，称这种不规律的日常生活可能会损害健康。
?
健康的重要性
如何养成健康的生活方式？
?
?课件13张PPT。Look at the pictures. Are they good for our health? 篇章分析01020304解题技巧篇章结构语法点滴词汇扩充
先从题干中找到关键性词语，再采用略读或跳读的方法，快速在文章中寻找相关细节。仔细阅读找到的细节，比较所给选项与文中细节的区别。在准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。【知识梳理1】

细节题技巧
【知识梳理2】
【文章大意】
麦当劳的内部网站被黑，出现了有关别吃快餐了，快餐不健康的话题。
【篇章结构】
C篇 例题精讲选C 细节理解题。根据第二段“Different from traditional oral drugs”可知，Albuvirtide不是oral drug，排除A；根据倒数第三段“entered phase（阶段） three of clinical trials－a step to assure safety and effectiveness before market approval”可知，B项未提及在狗身上测试；根据最后一段“Only Albuvirtide and a few in the United States have entered phase three of clinical trials.”排除D。1. Albuvirtide is ______.
A. a China-developed long-acting oral AIDS drug
B. undergoing a clinical test on dogs to assure its safety
C. more efficient than other AIDS drugs and has fewer side effects
D. the only AIDS drug that has entered the last round of clinical trialsC篇 例题精讲选A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Albuvirtide is better than most second-line drugs”排除B；根据第四段“if it could be included in the country's health insurance system”排除C；根据第五段“drugs from the health insurance system… the procedure is more complex and could harm their privacy”排除D。2. Albuvirtide is good news for AIDS patients in China because ______.
A. it’s a new drug and they are not resistant to it
B. it is one of the most effective first-line drugs
C. it has been included in the health insurance system
D. they can keep their privacy by being injected once a weekDoffersupplyprovide词组搭配offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb.provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.注：上述结构中的sb/sth并非绝对的人/物概念，而是分别对应提供的对象和提供的内容。【语法点滴】
现在分词短语做状语
1.________ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. FoundD2. The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light.[中国~&@教育出%版*网]
A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. have bathed【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处动词find与主语she为主动关系且作原因状语，故用现在分词finding。句意：（由于）她发现该课程很难，她就决定转到低一水平的（课程）。3. Lionel Messy, ________ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词bathe与主语the sun之间为主动关系，且表示进行，故选B。【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断该句谓语为is considered，故可知横线部分为非谓语动词，描述主语Lionel Messy。短语set the record与主语之间为主动关系，故选B。1. solution 溶液
an alkaline solution 碱溶液
saline solution 盐溶液
2. administer ~ sth (to sb) 给予，施用（药物等）
The dose was administered to the child intravenously.
已给那孩子静脉注射了这一剂量。
3. embrace包括；包含
The talks embraced a wide range of issues.
这些谈话涉及的问题非常广泛。
4. watchdog（监督公司活动及监护人们权利的）监察人，监察团体
a consumer watchdog
消费者监察人词汇扩充1. 饮食健康类阅读题的解题技巧
2. 阅读中的词汇、短语和句型1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 在规定时间内完成课后巩固。1. 回忆自己一天的安排，加深时间观念； 2. 通过因果联系联想到原因状语从句。课件10张PPT。听歌领会时间和原因状语从句 Because of you ,I never stray too far from the sidewalk　　因为你,我从不离开正途太远　　Because of you I learned to play on the safe side so I don t get hurt　　因为你,我学会为了不让自己受伤而在安全地带流连　　Because of you I find it hard to trust not only me, but everyone around me　　因为你,我发现很难相信自己甚至身边的人　　Because of you I am afraid　　因为你,我很害怕　　I lose my way And it’s not too long before you point it out　　当我迷失自我,你很快为我指明道路　　I cannot cry Because you know that s weakness in your eyes　　我不能哭泣,因为你知道那正是你眼中的懦弱　　I’m forced to fake A smile, a laugh every day of my life　　我被迫要在生命中的每一天假装微笑、开怀大笑　　My heart can’t possibly break　　我的心不可能破碎　　When it wasn’t even whole to start with　　因为它从一开始就未曾完整过
【知识梳理1】when, while, as
1)表示主句的动作正在进行的过程中，从句的动作发生了，这时候when，while，as可以换用，来引导从句。
2)当表示两个短暂性动作同时发生时，用when，as引导从句。
只能用when的几种情况
1)当主句的谓语是was/ were doing sth，从句的动作突然发生时；
2)当主句的谓语是was/ were about to do时；
3)当主句的谓语是was/ were going to do时；
4)当主句的谓语是was/ were on the polnt of doing时。【例题精讲】1. He was about to tell me the secret someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as B. until C. while D. when【答案】D
【解析】考查时间状语从句，固定搭配，be about to do sth. when …….【知识梳理2】
表示“一……就……”的连词或短语
1) as soon as，当主句是一般将来时，从句必须用一般现在时表示将来。
2)在hardly…when/ scarcely…when/ no sooner...than结构中，当hardly/scarcely/no sooner放在句首时，主句必须用倒装语序；主句的时态须用过去完成时，从句须用一般过去时。
3) the moment，the minute，the second，the instance后直接接从句。
4) immediately，instantly后直接接从句。【例题精讲】It was found that although the girl could perceive things with her fingers, this ability ceased her hands were wet.
A. the moment when B. the moment C. in that moment D. before【答案】D
【解析】考查时间状语从句，固定搭配，be about to do sth. when …….【知识梳理3】before的用法
1)…before.表示“没有来得及做某事就……”，主句经常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
2)“it was(not)十一段时间+before从句（一般过去时）”主句是肯定句时，意为“过多长时间才……”；主句是否定句时，意为“没过多久就……”。
3)“it will be(not)十一段时间十before从句（一般现在时）”主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
【例题精讲】
A man escaped from the prison last night. It was a long time the guards discovered what had happened.
before B. until C. since D. whenD【答案】A
【解析】考查点： “it was(not)十一段时间+before从句（一般过去时）”主句是肯定句时，意为“过多长时间才……”；主句是否定句时，意为“没过多久就……”。【知识梳理4】
在下面几种情况下只用because:
1. 回答why提出的问题； 2. 用来引导表语从句。
3.用在强调原因状语从句的强调句之中； 4. 当从属连词前有only, just, simply修饰时。
1. Why is he absent?---Because he is ill.
2. Why he didn’t come to your party was because his father was badly ill.
3. It was because he didn’t recognize you ,he did not speak to you.他不跟你说话，是因为他没有认出你。
4. You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.你不应该因为有人说你的坏话就大发脾气。
【例题精讲】
He married her he loved her but because he was indebted to her.
A. because not B. not because C. because D. thoughD【答案】B
【解析】本题考查：不是因为……而是因为…..: not because……but because……. 翻译训练
1.那位科学家认为，还要好几年这个理论才能付诸于实践。(before)
_________________________________________________________________.
The scientist believed that it would be years before the theory was put into practice. The moment he finished (doing) the experiment, he washed his hands with soap.2.他一做完实验，就用肥皂洗干净双手。(The moment)
________________________________________________________________.3.不久以后一些药品的价格将再一次下调。(before)
_________________________________________________________________.It won’t be long before the prices of some medicine are reduced again.4.既然经济舱位的票很畅销，我们应尽快打电话到售票处询问一下，以免坐失良机。(now that)
_________________________________________________________________.
Now that the tickets for economy class are popular, we should call the booking/ ticket office to inquire as soon as possible, so that we won’t miss/lose the golden chance.1. when, while, as的区别
2. 只能用when的几种情况?
3. 只能用while的情况?
4. 只能用as的情况?
5. 表示“一……就……”的连词或短语有哪些?
6. every morning，every evening，every time，every day，every year（每……）直接接从句。
7. “it was+时间点+when从句”
8. before
1)…before.表示“没有来得及做某事就……”，主句经常用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
2)“it was(not)十一段时间+before从句（一般过去时）”主句是肯定句时，意为“过多长时间才……”；主句是否定句时，意为“没过多久就……”。
3)“it will be(not)十一段时间十before从句（一般现在时）”主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
9. until的用法
10. since : 自从
1) since从句总是与时态是现在完成时的主句连用，从句用一般过去时。
2)“It is/ has been十一段时间+since从句”意为“从……到现在多久了”。 1.用思维导图回顾时间和原因状语从句的连接词。
2. 掌握一些重点句型。
3. 完成相关练习题，举一反三。1. 什么是幸福？
2. 怎样做才能感到幸福？课件12张PPT。What is happiness?
How do you understand happiness?1.?读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。一般情况下，问题出现的前后顺序与文章中细节和事实出现的先后顺序是一致的。
2.?找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。要注意的是，对作者使用的同义词或与之相关的词语和句子千万不能忽略。3.?巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相符。当题干中有诸如“NOT”或“except”时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有力证据。【知识梳理1】

解题步骤
【知识梳理2】
【文章大意】真正的幸福写在我们的脸上，同样，强颜欢笑掩饰不了内心的悲伤。
【篇章结构】
例题精讲【答案】C
【试题解析】细节理解题。文中第二段第二句Richard earned his “happiest man” status after a series of laboratory tests in 2004.意为：2004年经过一系列的实验室的实验，理查德获得“最快乐的人”的称号。据此，答案为C。1. Richard has been declared the Happiest Man in the World _______.
A. because he has shared his thoughts on happiness with a worldwide audience
B. after he has explained his insights into happiness to everyone
C. after a series of laboratory tests
D. because he tries his best to achieve happiness and well-being2. According to Richard, what is the best way to achieve well-being?
A. Interpreting those outer conditions in our inner experience.
B. Looking inwards to find joy rather than relying on outer conditions.
C. Spending little time taking care of what matters most.
D. Reacting to various outside influences in the modern world【答案】B
【试题解析】细节理解题。文章第二段最后一句Looking inwards to find joy rather than relying on outer conditions, he believes, is the way to achieve well-being.他相信从内心中而不是从外在的条件中去寻求快乐是获取快乐的方法。由此可知B为答案。【知识梳理3】
【词汇扩充】
1.universal普遍的；全体的
The insurance industry has produced its own proposals for universal health care...
保险业提出了自己的全民医疗保健方案。
The desire to look attractive is universal.
爱美之心，人皆有之。
2. genuine真正的；非伪造的；名副其实的
They're convinced the picture is genuine.
他们确信这幅画是真品。
3. audience观众；听众
The entire audience broke into loud applause...
全场观众爆发出热烈的掌声。
4. essential绝对必要的;必不可少的;基本的
As they must also sprint over short distances, speed is essential...
由于他们也必须进行短跑，因此速度至关重要。D【长难句分析】
1.Finding true happiness is a universal aspiration (渴望). We all want it, but can we all have it? Genuine happiness is written all over our faces when we are truly contented, and, likewise, a forced smile does nothing to hide underlying sadness.
【翻译】找到幸福是全世界人民所渴望的。我们都需要它，但是我们都能得到它吗？当我的真正满足的时候，真正的幸福写在我们的脸上，同样，强颜欢笑掩饰不了内心的悲伤。
【分析】句中的Likewise 相当于too, also.但是更为正式，并可能暗示各成分之间的平等和相似。如：1) He is our friend and likewise our leader. 他是我们的朋友并且也是我们的领导。2) You forgot to mention that her parents were likewise going to attend the ceremony.你忘了提到她父母也打算去参加仪式。
2. The way we interpret those outer conditions in our inner experience is what determines either a sense of well-being or misery.
【翻译】所以，我们要做的就是一到17岁就接受路考，得到驾 照。
【分析】本句的主干是all is to take a road test and get a driver’s license 。we have to do 是定语从句，修饰先行词 all; to take... and get..是不定式做表语；the moment“一...就...”,引导状语从句。
It 用作形式主语
当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语放句尾。it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。
e.g. It is wrong to tell a lie. (说谎是错误的。) 〔It为to tell a lie的形式主语〕
It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 〔It为arguing about it的形式主语〕
It 作形式主语的常见句型：
① It + be + 形容词 + to do sth. / doing / that ….
e.g. It is very important to learn a foreign language. (学一门外语非常重要。)
It is useless crying over the spilt milk. (覆水难收。)
It was really surprising that she married a man like that. (她嫁给那样的男士真让人惊讶。)
② It + be +名词词组 + doing / that ….
e.g. It is no good telling lies. (撒谎没好处。)
It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film yesterday. (你昨天没看成那部电影真遗憾。)
③ It + be + 过去分词 + that ….
e.g. It is said that they have invented a new type of computer. (据说他们发明了新型电脑。)
④ It + seems / appears / happens等不及物动词 + that ….
e.g. It seems that he enjoys pop songs very much. (似乎他非常喜欢流行歌曲。)
It appears that Tom might change his mind. (看来汤姆可能会改变主意。)1. 掌握细节题的解题步骤
2. 积累文章中的词汇、短语和句型1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 在规定时间内完成课后巩固。还记得《大话西游》吗？
还记得里面的经典台词吗？
观察图片上的台词，思考里面出现了
什么状语从句。课件21张PPT。
以if …I will…来讲述一段自己曾经感到遗憾的经历条件状语从句If I were a bird ,I would fly. ifYou’ll be late unless you hurryunlessI’ll let you use the car only if you keep it in good condition. only ifAs long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.as long asI will agree to go providing (that my expense are paid.) provided /providing (that)Once you decide, you’d better not regret. once条件状语从句“如果”组“假设”组 “以防”组 “只要” 组121、The WTO cannot live up to its name _____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
A．as long as B．while C．if D．even though
2、All the dishes in this menu, _____otherwise stated, will serve two to three people.
A. as B. if C. though D. unless 例题精讲【思路解析】C，从句子意思可知，是一个条件状语从句。as long as“只要??”引导条件状语从句经常用肯定句，所以要填if。译文：如果WTO不包括一个占人类五分之一的国家，它就名不符实了。
【思路解析】D，考查状语引导词(unless)。全句意思是：在这份菜单上的所有菜, 除非另外说明, 会给二到三个人食用。
1,________you return those books to the library immediately, you will have to pay a fine.

2，The parents did not allow their son to swim in the sea _______ he might have an accident some day.

3，. It is a gripping story and one can't put it down one has finished reading it.填空题答案：Unless答案：. in case答案： until1.只要你可以上网，任何难题几乎都可瞬间解决。(access)（16年闸北二模）
2,如果不能独立找出提高学习效率的方法，你就很难取得令人满意的成绩。(unless) (14年虹口二模)
3，.每位同学就坐后老师才开始上课。（until）(2015杨浦一模)翻译题As long as you have access to the Internet,, almost any difficult problem can be solved instantly.
It’s hard for you to get/ gain satisfying achievements unless you can find the way to improve learning efficiency.
The teacher didn’t start his lesson until every student got seated.
结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句。通常置于主句之后。
引导结果状语从句的连词有：that,?so?(that),?so…that,?such…that, so that等。结果状语从句概述a) So quickly did he run that I couldn’t catch up with him. 他跑得太快，我跟不上。
b) She is such a good teacher that students all admire her. 她是一位好老师，学生都喜欢她。c) The bus broke down so that we had to walk home. 车半路抛锚，我们不得不走回家。so, that, so that, such that三个词中，so?that最为常用，so或that常用于口语或非正式文体中。
What?has?happened?that?you?look?so?worried?? 发生了什么事，使你显得如此担心？
I?didn’t?plan?the?work?well,?so?that/so?I?didn’t?finish?it?in?time.??我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。（so?that从句常用逗号与主句隔开）
The?room?was?packed?with?people,?so?that?we?couldn't?get?in.?? 房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。?such?that such和that可以连用，意为：（是）这样...以致。
His?anger?was?such?that?he?lost?control?of?himself.??他勃大怒，以致不能自制。such…that...1．such?+?a/an?+?形容词?+?单数可数名词?+?that-从句?
Jenny?is?such?a?clever?girl?that?all?of?us?like?her?very?much.??詹妮很聪明，我们都喜欢她。?
We?left?in?such?a?hurry?that?we?forgot?to?lock?the?door.?? 我们走得匆忙，忘记锁门了。
2．such?+?形容词?+复数名词+?that-从句?
He?gave?such important?reasons?that?he?was?excused.??他说出了很重要的理由，得到了大家的谅解。
They?are?such?interesting?novels?that?all?of?us?want?to?read?them.??这些小说很有意思，大家都想看。
3．such?+?形容词?+?不可数名词?+?that-从句?
He?made?such?rapid?progress?that?the?teacher?praised?him.??他进步很快，老师表扬了他。
He?shut?the?window?with?such?force?that?the?glass?broke.?? 他用那么大的劲关窗户，玻璃都碎了。提示：such + a/an+形容词+单数名词 可以和 so?+形容词+a/an+单数名词 互换。?
He?told?us?such?a?funny?story?that?we?all?laughed.??→?He?told?us?so?funny?a?story?that?we?all?laughed.?→
The?story?he?told?us?was?so?funny?that?we?all?laughed.
so…that...so...that 如此……以至于……。
四种结构：
1．so?+?形容词/副词?+?that-从句??
The?village?is?so?small?that?it?cannot?be?shown?in?the?map.??
The?wind?was?so?strong?that?we?could?hardly?move?forward.??
2．so?+?形容词?+?a/an?+?单数名词?+?that-从句
It?was?so?hot?a?day?that?they?all?went?swimming.??
He?made?so?inspiring?a?speech?that?everybody?got?excited.??
3．so?+?many/few?+复数名词+?that-从句
I?have?had?so?many?falls?that?I?am?black?and?blue?all?over.??
He?has?so?few?friend?that?he?often?feels?lonely.??
4．so?+?much/little?+不可数名词?+?that-从句?
I?had?so?little?money?then?that?I?couldn‘t?even?afford?a?used?car.?
He?drank?so?much?wine?last?night?that?he?felt?terrible.? 121. His plan was such a good one ____ we all agreed to accept it.
A.so B. and C. that D.as
2. His plan was so good ____we all agreed to accept it.
A.so B.and C.that D.as
例题精讲【思路解析】C，考查such…that…引导的结果状语从句。“他的计划是如此之好, 以至于我们都同意它”。利用such后面接中心词为名词。可以排除其他答案。
【思路解析】C，考查so......that…引导的结果状语从句。“他的计划是如此之好, 以至于我们都同意它”。利用so后面接形容词或副词1, This place has changed so much _______ he can’t recognize it.
2, The disabled people’s performance last night was so successful ______ many people were moved to tears.
3,教师应更专注地倾听学生，以便更好的满足他们的需求。（meet）
4,.他对医生的建议置若罔闻，以至于每天清晨他咳嗽不止。（turn a deaf ear）（16年静安一模）
提高练习答案：that答案：thatTeachers should listen to their students more attentively so that they can meet their needs better.He turned a deaf ear to the doctor’s advice so that he kept coughing early in the morning.1，条件状语从句及结果状语从句相关练习
2，完型及阅读练习
3，要求：阅读每篇时间把握在10分钟以内。与初中学习相比，你觉得在高中，你的学习压力是会更大还是会减少？压力来自哪些方面？课件20张PPT。今年开始，上海教委规定，为了减轻学生的压力，取消除期中期末考以外的各种月考，开学摸底考。部分学校推迟早上到校的时间。
1，Do you think they can reduce your pressure？
2，What effects has pressure brought to your life？
3，How do you relieve your pressure?
阅读解题技巧读题干读题干
寻找关键词
带着关键词做阅读找细节细节所在的段落就一定要精读火眼金睛
小心陷阱题1，以偏概全,
2，not true, except等字眼
3，“猜测”变“确定”，“未来”成“现在”例题精讲(　　) 1.The main topic of the passage is________.
A．conditions in the work place.
B．the freedom of industries in the past
C．changes in industrial production.
D．the safety and health of workers and customers
解析：D, 主旨大意题，在过去工人与使用新产品的顾客的安全得不到保障，导致一些灾难的发生，因此也促使政府采取一些措施以保障工人和顾客的安全。所以主题是D。
通读全篇
主旨题最后做推理题12.It can be inferred from the passage that in the past________.
A．workers often got ill because of the poor working conditions
B．companies were free to put out any products they wanted to
C．many people were killed by dangerous products
D．industries were as careful in management as they are today
2．A　判断推理题。根据第一段“...of ten conditions in the work place had very bad effects on the health of the workers.”可推断过去工人常常因工作环境的恶劣而生病。
推理不是瞎猜
而是对证据的分析推理题2(　　)3.It is implied in the passage that________.
A．governments and companies had different opinions about the safety of products.
B．governments paid little attention to the safety of products
C．government officials often did not listen to scientists
D．in the past no safety laws were introduced by governments
3．D　判断推理题。根据二段“however, the new rules came too late to protect the people who died or who became seriously ill.”可推断政府过去并未制定相关的法律法规，故选D。细节题14.Some years ago safety rules_______.
A．were put forward due to scientists’ recommendations
B．came into being as a result of the workers’ demands
C．were introduced because quite a number of people were killed or seriously injured
D．we re effective enough to protect workers and customers
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第 二段“...New safety rules were often introduced as a result of these inquiries”可判断选C。
你真的精读细节了吗？细节题25.The special departments protect customers and workers in many ways EXCEPT by________.
A．testing new products
B．controlling the sale of products
C．designing new products
D．inspecting work places
解析：C　细节理解题。分析最后一段可知，C项内容不符合文意，故选C。
篇章分析01020304篇章结构词汇扩充长难句分析语法点滴1-2段3段第1-2段
more freedom；not need to worry a lot about the safety；did not have to pay much attention to the health and safety；real disasters；scientists who were doing research；produced information.
段落大意：
过去工业的情况，自由但不注意安全，灾难时有发生。
第3段
special departments ；good results；safer and cleaner
段落大意：现在的情况 篇章结构 重点词汇condition 状态，状况He remains in a critical condition in a California hospital.
他在加州的一家医院里，病情仍然十分危急。disaster 灾难，灾害It was the second air disaster in the region in less than two months.
这已经是该地区不到两个月内的第二次空难了。ignore 不管不顾She said her husband ignored her.
她说丈夫不关心她。 长句分析01【原句】 ：
Of course sometimes there were real disasters which attracted the attention of governments and which showed the need for changes.02【分析】两个which引导的定语从句，都修饰同一个先行词disasters。03【句意】当然，有时候有吸引政府注意力的灾难，这些灾难也表明了必须做出改变。语法点滴 非限制性定从限制性定从This is the house which we bought last month.The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.回顾一下，阅读题应从哪几个方面进行理解？完型填空命题趋势1句内含义的考查，考查对一句话的理解2句间含义的考查
注意前后文之间的逻辑3段落间含义的考查。
要求把握全文结构完型填空应考策略A快速阅读，把握整篇文章的整体结构和主旨大意。把握整体C复读语篇，再次核查选项。检查B根据上下文，在语境中选择答案。句内及句间理解231完型填空中的积累包括单词的音，形，义，以及部分重点单词在翻译中的应用。词汇理解句子之间，尤其是段落间的逻辑。每篇完型中至少有1题段落逻辑题。逻辑既要仔细查看树木，也要能“站在高处”俯瞰整片树林，掌握全局。结构例题精讲2，利用主旨句来解题I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was ??36?? and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ”???
bright?????? B. useless???????
C. simple????? D. hopeful1，根据上下文语境
合理推断来解题Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was? 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best.???
37.?A. strict?????? B. honest?????
?C. special??? D. learned
38. A. help B. peace
C. smile D. praiseCDB今天我们讲了哪些完型技巧呢？作业：利用今天所讲的阅读及完型技巧，完型配套练习。
要求：完型10分钟左右每篇，阅读8分钟。发挥你的聪明才智，把以下单词串在一篇文章中，文章风格不限，我们喜欢严肃认真，也同样喜爱幽默风趣。
when, if, so that, though, because.
课件27张PPT。一起赏析同学们结合以下单词所写得小短文。
when, if, so that, though, because.
教学建议：让学生从句子成分划分的角度了解从句及状语从句。
句子成分18273645谓语宾语补语定语状语表语同位语主语01 ONES(主） + Vi（不及物动词）例如: Time flies.
I arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
1）S + Vi + 副词（状语）
例如：Birds sing beautifully.
2）S + Vi + 介词短语（状语）
例如：He went on holiday.
3）S + Vi + 不定式（状语）
例如：We stopped to have a rest.
4）S + Vi + 分词（状语）
例如：I'll go swimming. 02 TWO
S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）+ O（宾语）
例如：We like English. 1）S + Vt + 名词/代词
例如：I like music.
2）S + Vt + 不定式
例如：I want to help him.
3）S + Vt + 疑问词 + 不定式
例如：I don't know what to do.
4）S + Vt + 动名词
例如：I enjoy living here.
5）S + Vt + 宾语从句
例如：I don't think (that) he is right.
03 THREE
S (主）+ V ( 系动词）+ P（表语）
例如：We are Chinese.
1）S + V + 名词/代词
2）S + V + 形容词
例如：He is a boy.
例如：She is beautiful.
3）S + V + Adv 副词
例如：Class is over.
4）S + V + 介词短语
例如：He is in good health.
5）S + V+ 分词
例如：He is excited. 04 FOUR
S (主）+ Vt + In O（间宾）+ D O（直宾）
例如：I give you help.
1）S + Vt + 间接宾语(sb) + 直接宾语(sth)
例如：I sent him a book.
2）S + Vt + 直接宾语(sth)+ to/for + 间接宾语 (sb)
例如：He sent a book to me.
Note：
①间接宾语前需要加to的常用动词有：bring, give, lend, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。
②间接宾语前需要加for的常用动词有：buy, get, make 等。 05 FIVE
S (主）+ Vt + O（宾语） + O C（宾补）
例如：I find the movie interesting
1）We named our baby Tom. (名词 )
2）He painted the wall white.（形容词）
3）She always keeps everything in good order. （介词短语）
4）I wish you to stay. （不定式）
5）I heard my name called（表示被动). （分词）
I feel something moving（表示进行). (分词)
Note：这里有一个验证是否是补语的小方法: 宾语+ be +X 可以组成一个正确的句子。where, when, whywhose指人：that, who, whom, as
指物：that, which, as 引导词修饰词关系副词关系代词 定语从句引导词总览12 2345that先行词前有序数词
This is the tenth gift that I received for my birthday.先行词前有序数词
That is the most exciting game that I have ever watched.先行词是不定代词
All that he told me is true先行词被the only修饰时
The only thing that I can get is a pen.先行词既指人，又指物时
We talked about the people and the things that we were interested in. 只用that 的情况只用which,不用thatAThe thing about which the teacher is talking is very important.定语从句由“介词＋关系代词which”引导C
What’s that which is flying in the sky?先行词本身是that, thoseB
He passed the exam, which is really good news.非限制性定从中限制性非限制性先行词前有 ：so, such , as , the same
He is such a kind boy as I mentioned.定语从句中as 的用法和which一样，可指代前面整件事，“正如”
As we all know, she is always industrious.
定语从句经典例题
1，She showed me the book _____ _______ she paid 5 dollars.
2，This is the best film ______ has ever been made.
3，Government reports, examination compositions, legal documents and most business letters are the main situations ________ formal language is used.
4, He gave me such an interesting book ______ I like.
Keys: 1, for which 2, that 3, where时间状语从句易错点A1. Please don't talk so loud ______ others are working.
2. ______ he came in, his mother was cooking.
3. ______ we were at school, we went to the library every day.
when VS while用while或when填空CI did not go to sleep _______ I finished my work.until VS not untilB1. I’ll ring you up as soon as I ______（get） to New York.时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则Keys: 1. while 2. when 2. While
Key: getKey: until条件状语从句易错点A1, I’ll help you with your English if I ______(be) free tomorrow.
2. He ______(not) be late unless he is ill时间状语从句，遵循主将从现原则CHurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句”B1,What shall we do if it snows tomorrow?
2,Don’t leave the building ______ I tell you to.if not = unlessKeys: 1. am
2. will not
Key: unlessIt is ______ you fail to finish it that I ask someone else .只有because可以用于强调句
because: 语气最强
since/as：双方都知道的原因
for：只是猜测
原因状从注意检测成员 原因状语从句易错点Keys: becauseShe is ______ a good teacher that everyone like her. He is so poor ______ he can’t buy a car.
so…that; such…that; so that
目的/结果状从检测检测成员 结果状语从句易错点Keys: thatKeys: such成员检测接短语：despite; regardless of; in spite of
接句子：although, though, even though ; even if
however, whatever让步状语从句1,_________your do, don’t touch this switch.
2, __________ it was raining hard, he still went out.
3, _______ the fact that it was raining hard, he still went out.
Keys: 1,Whtaever
2,Though
3,Despite其他状语从句A1,Go back to the place______ you come from.
2, Go back to ______ you come from.
地点状语从句 vs 定语从句C
He runs faster _____ I do .比较状语从句2B
She is as beautiful ______ I thought.比较状语从句1Keys: 都是whereKeys: asKeys: than完成课后配套作业1，预习牛津第1单元。
2，你有用过上海的公共单车吗？它有什么优点和缺点？课件23张PPT。we are high school students“当时的他是最好的他，后来的我是最好的我。可是最好的我们之间，隔了一整个青春。怎么奔跑也跨不过的青春，只好伸出手道别。”思考一下：高中英语和初中英语有哪些题型上的差异呢？
Listening 30%
A 选图片: 1*6=6
B 短对话: 1*8=8
C 判断对错:1*6=8
D 短文填空:1*10=10
Phonetics, Grammar and Vocabulary 50%
A 单选: 1*20=20
B 五选四: 1*8=8
C 词型转换:1*8=8
D 句型转换:2*7=14
Reading 50%
A 阅读单选: 2*6=12
B 完型填空: 2*6=12C 首字母填空:2*7=14
D 回答问题: 2*6=12
Writing 20% 2017中考英语Listening 25%
A短对话:1*10=10
B语篇题:1.5*6=9
C长对话:1.5*4=6
Grammar & Vocabulary 20%
A语法填空题:1*10=10
B十一选十:1*10=10
Reading 45%
A完形填空:1*15=15
B阅读理解3篇:2*11=22
C六选四:2*4=8
Translation 15%
3+3+4+5=15
Writing 35%
概要写作10
指导写作252017高考英语010302040506主语句子
成分谓语表语状语定语宾语070908补语句子
成分同位语插入语含义：一个句子的主题， 是句子所述说的主体。练习：指出下列句子中主语的中心词
1.The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
2.There is an old man coming here.
3.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 主语简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成或系表结构构成。 练习：选出句中谓语的中心词
1.I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't???????B. like?????????C. picture?????D. wall
2.The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get?????????B. longer???? C. days?? D. summer
3.Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do?????????B. usually??? C. go???????????D. bus 谓语含义：在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般皆置于及物动词之后。 宾语种类： 双宾语和复合宾语 练习：挑出下列句子中的宾语
1.My brother hasn't done his homework. 　　　　
A????????? B????? C???????????? D
2.People all over the world speak English. 　　　
A???? B??????????????? C????????????????????D
3.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
　　　　　　 A???????? B??????? ? C?????????? D 宾语 练习：找出下列句子中的表语
1. The old man was feeling very tired. 　　　　
A???????????? B???????C?????????????? D
2. Why is he worried about Jim? 　　　　　
A????????B????? C??????D
3. The leaves have turned yellow. 　　　　
A?????????? B???????C???????? D 含义：表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。它也可以说是一种主语补语。它位于联系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。 表语含义：用来说明名词（代词）的品质与特征的词或一组词。可用作定语的有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语、从句和句子等。 练习： 找出下列句子中的定语
1.They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. 　　
A????B??????????????????????????????? C???????D
2. What is your given name?
A???B??????????? C?????? D
3.On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. 　　　　　
A????B ?C???????????????? D 定语 练习：挑出下列句子中的状语
1. There was a big smile on her face. 　
A???? B?????????C????????????????D
2. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. 　　　
A ???????? B??????? C?????????????D
3. He began to learn English when he was eleven. 　　　　
A?????? B?????????C???????????????????? D 含义：修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。 位置：副词最常用作状语，位置比较灵活，可置句末、句首和句中。 分类：时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等 。状语 练习：找出下列句子中的宾语补足语
1. He asked her to take the boy out of school. 　　　　　
A???? B??????????? C????????????????????D
2. She found it difficult to do the work. 　　　　
A?? B??? C????????????? D
3. They call me Lily sometimes. 　　　　
A ??B?????C?????? D 含义：是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。 可以用做宾语补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等 。补语1．We have two children, a boy and a girl.名词作同位语
2．Let’s you and me go to work, Oliver.代词作同位语
3．Are you two ready?数词作同位语
4．The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down.不定式与动名词作同位语 5．The city of Rome Of 短语用作同位语
6．The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.同位语从句同位语含义：当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分，前者就叫做后者的同位语。含义：插入语通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。 种类：形容词、副词、介词、V-ing短语、不定式、句子（陈述句和一般疑问句） 插入语what do you think I should do?练习：单项选择
(1) He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.
　　A. which I think is B. which I think it is
　　C. which I think it D. I think which is
(2) In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A. this B. that C. there D. it
(3) － Alice, you feed the birds today, _____？
　 － But I fed it yesterday.
　　A. do you B. will you C. didn't you D. don't you
(4) Who do you think _______ us a talk this afternoon？
　　A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving
(5) Philip is a New Yorker,_______ ,he lives in New York.
A. that is B. besides C. after all D. in one word句子类型简单句简单句并列句复合句1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.
2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.
3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?
4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.
5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.判断下列句子类型Keys: 1.简单句 2.复合句 3.并列句 4.并列句 5.并列句主语+系动词+表语 1主语+不及物动词 2主语+及物动词+宾语 3主语+及物动词+双宾4主语+及物动词+宾补5Table of Contents五种基本句型 句子成分2. 句子类型按句子的结构可分三种4. 简单句的五种基本句型3. 插入语的用法1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 请在规定时间内完成讲义中的课后巩固部分。1. 准备一个150字左右的英语故事或用英语介绍一部电影或一本书。
2. 思考记叙文要注意哪些问题。课件16张PPT。和伙伴们一起探讨一下单车给你带来的便利及它有哪些弊端？
原文题目One evening, Brownie’s family noticed that Brownie hadn’t returned home. They went looking for him with no success. Brownie didn’t show up the next day, and, although they made their efforts to find him, by the next week he was still missing, Curiously, Spotty showed up at Brownie’s house alone, barking and jumping. Busy with their own lives, they paid no attention to the nervous little neighbor dog.阅读推理题11. At the very beginning, Ted paid little attention to Spotty because __________.
A. he was not free at the moment B. he was sure Brownie would be
C. he didn’t like Spotty at all D. his missing dog made him sad
A ，根据第2段第4行Busy with their own lives可知Ted那个时候没有空。原文题目Then Ted noticed something. Spotty had done something else besides leading Brownie’s human owner to his trapped friend. In a circle around the injured dog, Ted found some food remains of every meal. Brownie had been fed that week! Spotty had been visiting Brownie regularly, in the hope of keeping his friend alive. Spotty had actually stayed with Brownie to protect him from hunger and other dangers, and keep his spirits up.阅读推理题22. After Ted was brought where Brownie was trapped, he ___________.
A.managed to free his dog at once B.was very thankful to Spotty
C.regretted not following Spotty earlier D.was angry with the trap-maker
C ，根据第4段最后一句Ted now wished he had taken Spotty’s earlier appeals seriously.可知他很后悔没有早点随Spotty过来。好句分析1 例句 词组对比 优点pay (no) attention to doing sth（没）注意更地道，更符合母语表达Busy with their own lives, they paid no attention to the nervous little neighbor dog.对比：Because they are busy with their own lives, they paid no attention to the nervous little neighbor dog.好句分析2 例句句义对比 优点Spotty 一直围着Ted叫着，然后冲到附近的一个空闲的地方。非谓语动词表伴随，语句更流畅Spotty followed Ted about, barking all the time, then rushing toward a nearby empty lot .对比：Spotty followed Ted about, barked all the time, then rushed toward a nearby empty lot.好句分析3 例句句义对比1 对比2句式更灵活，多变对比2：Spotty had been visiting Brownie regularly and hoped to keep his friend alive.Spotty had been visiting Brownie regularly, in the hope of keeping his friend alive.对比1：Spotty had been visiting Brownie regularly, hoping to keep his friend alive.01I went into a café and asked for a coffee .?1???I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed loneliness.02A．Before? ?B．Since ??C．Although ???D．While03Have you ever shouted at a teacher, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then 2 later you had kept your mouth shut?04A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared完型技巧1—语法解题DA01The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert.02A．dry ????? B．distant ????C．deserted ?????? D．wild03He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming__1_.So he shouldn’t have gone into that place.04A. after all B. in all C.at all D. for all完型技巧2—常识和固搭AC固定搭配—专题精讲1AThen there's the danger of deep-vein thrombosis(深静脉血栓)，_1__ to germs and radiation, And finally, of course, business travelers tend to get less exercise and eat less healthily than people who stay in place.C
C, exposure to:暴露在...;这句话是说“这里有深静脉血栓及暴露在细菌和辐射的危险”。其他的选项也可以和to 构成短语，但是意思不对。Connection to：与...的连接；adaptation to: 适应...; familiarity to:对...的熟悉度。B
A. connection B. adaptation
C. exposure D. familiarity固定搭配—专题精讲2AOf course, these impacts are moderated by the fact that they fall disproportionately on a small part of the population that is already doing rather well. The "mobile elite(精英)" tend to have higher incomes and_ 2__ to better health care than the population at large.C
D, have access to:有进入到...的权利，根据意思是“这些精英往往比大部分人有更高的收入并且能够接触到更好的医疗”。B
A. devotion B. objection
C. response D.access固定搭配—专题精讲3AThe judgment in Hinckley's case did more than annoy a few people. It 3 a nationwide debate about whether people accused of a crime can claim they were insane when they did it.C
A, kick off，相当于“begin”，表示开始。这句话是说：它引发了一个全国性的讨论，因此选A. Clear up: 清理，消除；let out:释放；put away: 放好，储存B
A. kicked off B. cleared up
C. let out D. put away完型中其他常见短语及固搭18273645as a result of 由于...的原因for the sake of 为了…的利益with regard to 就…而言pay in 解款(入银行)pay back 回报；还钱pay-off付清；放线quipping with 配备by means of 用；依靠；借助完成课后配套作业1，预习牛津第2单元.课件23张PPT。讲述一个故事或介绍一部电影，一本书。思考记叙文要注意哪些问题？英语高考考纲要求考生能阅读记叙文，而记叙文中大多是故事。
通常阅读的故事有很多种，从总体风格上可以分为幽默故事和非幽默故事。
题型说明
1.?读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。2.?找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。3.?巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相符。
答题技巧
Give it a shot!
A篇1. Who is the author?
A. A cameraman.
B. A film director.
C. A crowd-scene actor.
D. A workman for scene setting.
2. What made the author feel cold?
A. The heavy snowfall.
B. The man-made scene.
C. The low temperature.
D. The film being shown.
3. What would happen in the "three minutes" mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. A new scene would be filmed.
B. More stars would act in the film.
C. The author would leave the studio.
D. The next scene would be prepared.
步骤一：读题干，
找关键词询问身份询问细节猜词义1. Who is the author?
A. A cameraman.
B. A film director.
C. A crowd-scene actor.
D. A workman for scene setting.

步骤二：读细节，
巧定位细节理解题，根据文章中的第一段“About twenty of us had been fortunate enough to receive invitations to a film-studio(影棚)to take part in a crowd-scene. Although our "act" would last only for a short time, we could see quite a number of interesting things.”可知C正确。2. What made the author feel cold?
A. The heavy snowfall.
B. The man-made scene.
C. The low temperature.
D. The film being shown.细节理解题，根据文章中的“A big fan began blowing tiny white feathers down on him, and soon the trees were covered in "snow". Two more fans were turned on, and a "strong wind" blew through the trees. The picture looked so real that it made us feel cold.”可知：这里的picture即是the man-made scene。步骤二：读细节，
巧定位3. What would happen in the "three minutes" mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. A new scene would be filmed.
B. More stars would act in the film.
C. The author would leave the studio.
D. The next scene would be prepared.步骤三：巧答题判断推理题，根据文章中的“For a full three minutes in our lives we would be experiencing the excitement of being film "stars"!”可知A正确。I believe I can fly!
B篇1.The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________
2. Why were the students able to understand the novel of Mice and Men?
3. The girl left the selective high school possibly because_______.
4. To the author's surprise, the students read the novels ________.
5. The author writes the passage mainly to________.猜词义询问细节询问细节询问细节询问目的1.The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to________
A. realize our dreams B. give support to our life
C. smooth away difficulties D. awake our emotions
句意理解题，这句话运用了明喻和暗喻的修辞手法，“一本书就是能融化我们冰冻着的内心的一把斧子”，这是表面意思，即指一本书能够唤醒我们内心深处的情感，引起共鸣之意。故选D项。2. Why were the students able to understand the novel of Mice and Men?
A. Because they spent much time reading it.
B. Because they had read the novel before.
C. Because they came from a public school.
D. Because they had similar life experiences.细节理解题。根据第三段“But they understood. When George shoots Lennie, the tragedy is that we realize it was always going to happen”可知，D项正确。3. The girl left the selective high school possibly because_______.
A. she was a literary-minded girl
B. her parents were immigrants
C. she couldn't fit in with her class
D. her father was then in prison细节理解题。根据第四段“The daughter of immigrants, with a father in prison, she perhaps felt uncomfortable with her new classmates”可知C项正确。4. To the author's surprise, the students read the novels ________.
A. creatively B. passively C. repeatedly D. carelessly推理判断题。根据第五段第四句“I have never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies read as raps, but both made sense; the interpretations were playful, but serious.”可推断作者对孩子阅读小说的创造力感到惊讶，字里行间流露出自豪，故A项正确。5. The author writes the passage mainly to________.
A. introduce classic works of literature
B. advocate teaching literature to touch the heart
C. argue for equality among high school students
D. defend the current testing system主旨大意题。纵观全文，主要介绍了作者讲述在自己教学生涯中，教学生文学阅读的亲身体验，故B项正确。Speaking and writing
下面图片说明了李明和王英同学不同的学习方法和上课的状态，请描述图画内容，并谈谈你对此的看法。
The two sets of pictures respectively depict two different modes of study. The girl on the right goes to bed relatively early and is fully energized and attentive in class, devoting her full concentration to learning. In sharp contrast to her is the boy on the left, who at a late hour is still stumbling drowsily through his homework and as a result dozes off in class the next morning. 描述图片内容揭示图片深层含义 The pictures convey a very clear message: good study habits are fundamental to learning. Though not shown above, we can infer that the reason why the boy has to stay up so late is that he is a slow worker or that he spends a great deal of time on unrelated things. Whatever the cause may be, the direct result of this is that his learning efficiency is sacrificed and he is not able to fully master everything that is taught in class, being so sleepy. This in turn leads to him spending more time on his homework than others, resulting in more late nights burning the midnight oil. The vicious cycle repeats itself, and he will soon find it near impossible to extract himself from the cycle. The girl, on the other hand, forms a positive cycle that boosts her academic performance higher by the day.
Hence we can see that proper methods not only lay down a solid foundation for your learning, but also enable you to achieve your full potential. In fact, the same applies to everything we do in life. The pouring stones that guide you to success are not flashes of intuition or good fortune, but the wise habits and methods ----the small things, that you accumulate along the way.
完美总结1. 整理阅读中的词汇短语及句型
2. 写作句型及思路总结1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 请在规定时间内完成讲义中的课后巩固部分。如何把下面的句子合成一个句子？
例：He has two sons, and neither of them lives in Shanghai.
I've got two sisters. Both of them are in Shanghai.课件25张PPT。如何把下面的句子合成一个句子？1. He has two sons, and neither of them lives in Shanghai.
2. I've got two sisters. Both of them are in Shanghai.1. He has two sons, neither of whom lives in Shanghai.
2. I've got two sisters, both of whom are in Shanghai.定语从句a、定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的词、短语或句子。
b、定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句，即，一个句子充当定语。c、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。如下面例句和图中的the team ，the man。
d、关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词（6）：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词（3）：where, when, why关系词（9）到底怎么用呢？是不可去掉的定语从句。如果没有它，主句的意思就不完整。在这种复合句中，主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。 限定性定语从句是可以去掉的定语从句，去掉后句子的意思仍然完整。主句和从句之间用逗号隔开，从句附加说明先行词。 非限定性定语从句 PK课堂练习：把下列每对句子连成一个定语从句。
The place is very attractive. We visited the place last week.
This is one of the books. The books were written by Lu Xun.
Our environment is polluted by the waste material. The waste material is poured into the air and water by the chemical works.The place that/ which we visited last week is very attractive. This is one of the books that/ which were written by Lu Xun.Our environment is polluted by the waste material that/ which is poured into the air and water by the chemical works.① 找先行词
②定语从句中缺什么成分，就补什么成分
③把先行词带入定语从句中，看先行词在定语从句中所充当的成分是什么，或搭配什么介词 定语从句三步走1. I can think of many cases _______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
A. why B. which C. as D. where
2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
3. In an hour, we can travel to places _____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
4. His movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.
A. which B. that C. where D. it
5. We went through a period ______communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A. what B. whose C. in which D. with which12所有格：whose (既表示人的所有也表示物的所有)The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor. I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea. Tips: 当关系代词whose指物时可以用“of + which”替换；即，whose + n=the + n + of which=of which + the + n.1.—How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that’s easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one
the telephone number is provided.
A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose
2. Children who are not active or diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
3. The people, had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes
C. all their homes D. all of their homes
课堂练习： 用适当的介词填空
1. The stories about Long March,_______ which this is one example, are well written.
2. The speed________ which you drive your car mustn’t too high.
3. In the park there are many flowers, the color _________ which is bright and nice.
关系代词作介词宾语：
介词+which（指物) 或 介词+whom（指人)
介词后不用who、that
ofatofTips：介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配), 再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断用that而不用which的情况1. 先行词为all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等不定代词时:
2. 先行词被形容词最高级或被the only, the very, any, few, little, no ,all, one of等修饰时
3. 先行词为数词或被序数词（含last ）修饰时:
4. 先行词中既有人又有物时：
5. 先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：
6. 先行词为疑问代词课堂练习：语法填空
I mean the one was bought yesterday.
It is the most important task should be finished soon.
Look at these flowers. You can see the two you gave me .
We were deeply impressed by the teachers and schools we had visited.
It’s a book will help you a lot .
My home town is no longer the place it used to be.
Who has visited the Great Wall is not impressed ?that that that that that that that 1. 关系代词前有介词：
2. 非限制性定语从句中：
3. 先行词本身是that。用which而不用that的情况课堂练习：语法填空
This is the room Lu Xun lived.
We were given a lovely room, had a sea view.
The clock is that tells the time.
in whichwhichthatas用法1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。2) as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。3) as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面．中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。?课堂练习：语法填空
I hope to get such a car _________ he is driving.
2. This is such an interesting book _________ I’d like to read it.
This is such an interesting book ___________ I'd like to read.
3. __________ is expected, the England team won the football match.
This is the same bag ___________ I have lost yesterday.
以上都用“as”1．①Who lives in the house ＿＿＿ windows face south？
② Who lives in the house ＿＿＿ the windows face south？
A．whose B．which C．of which D．that
2．①Is this factory ＿＿＿ you visited last year？
②Is this the factory ＿＿＿＿＿＿you visited last year？
A．that B．of which C．the one D．where
3．①John is the only one of the students who＿＿＿French．
②John is one of the students who ＿＿ ＿ French．
A．know B．knows C．knowing D．known
4．①When I have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿I can ask for help．
②When I have trouble，he is the only one ＿＿＿I can go for help．
A．whom B．to whom C．which D．to who
经典易混易错定语从句练习与解析B
CC
A
B
AA
B5．①This is the knife ＿＿＿I usually cut my pencil．
②This is the knife ＿＿＿I usually use to cut my pencil．
A．with which B．which C．by which D．with that
6．①Last summer he went to Beijing，＿＿＿ he had visited twice．
②Last summer he went to Beijing，＿＿＿ he visited a lot of places of interest．
A．which B．where C．that D．there
7．①He still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent together．
②He still remember the days ＿＿＿we spent the summer holidays together．
A．which B．when C．where D．that
8．①The reason ＿＿＿ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way.
②The reason ＿＿＿ he was late was that his car broke down on the way.
A．why B．which C．how D．what
A
BA
BA
BB
A2. 做定语从句口诀： 三步走 1. 定语从句9个关系词 3. 只用that的情况 4. 不用that的情况 5. as的特殊用法 1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 请在规定时间内完成讲义中的课后巩固部分。1．Look at the pictures above, answer the following questions:Where are they ? Why do many people like to go there? 2. Then think about the following questions.1) Describe some interesting things happened during your travel. Can you describe it?
2) What is your goal to travel and your reason to travel is? 3) Describe the advantage and disadvantage of travel for the country 4) Why China can attract people to travel? 5) Do Chinese people like to travel now? 6) Compare the difference about traveling among Chinese people between 100 years ago and now? 课件23张PPT。1．Look at the pictures above, answer the following questions:Where are they ? Why do many people like to go there? 2. Then think about the following questions.1) Describe some interesting things happened during your travel. Can you describe it?
2) What is your goal to travel and your reason to travel is? 3) Describe the advantage and disadvantage of travel for the country 4) Why China can attract people to travel? 5) Do Chinese people like to travel now? 6) Compare the difference about traveling among Chinese people between 100 years ago and now?旅游相关词汇知多少？aboard adv. 在船（或飞机、车等）上； 上船；登机 prep.在船（或飞机、车等）上
abroad adv. 在国外
album n. 相册；集邮册；唱片集
attraction n. 具有吸引力的人或事
arrange v. 安排；整理arrangement n. 安排
bargain n. 特价商品 ;交易 vi. 讨价还价
cabin n. 机舱
coach n.（铁路）车厢；长途公共汽车；（体育等的）教练 vt.训练，指导
continental adj. 大陆的
crew n. (车、船、飞机上的）（全体）工作人员wordsdeck n. 甲板，舱面
departure n. 离开
desert n. 沙漠. vt. 遗弃，抛弃
destination n. 目的地；目标，目的
excursion n. 短途旅行，远足
fare n. 车费
fascinate vt. 迷住，强烈的吸引住
glimpse n. & v. 一瞥, 一闪
harbor n. 港口，港湾
heritage n. 遗产
hiking n. 徒步旅行
landmark n. 界标landscape n. 景色；风景画
locate vt. 确定......的地点；使......坐落于
location n. 位置，地点
magnificent adj. 壮丽的，宏伟的
memorial adj. 纪念的，追悼的 n. 纪念碑
milestone n. 里程碑
remote adj. 遥远的
route a. (道）路；路线；航线；途径
scene n. 景色；场景；地点；现场
scenery a. 风景，景色
schedule n. 时间表；计划表；日程sightseeing a. 观光，旅游
site n. 地点；遗址；现场
splendid adj. 壮丽的，辉煌的；（口）极好的
steep adj. 陡峭的，险峻的
surrounding n. [pl] 周围的事物；环境 adj. 周围的；环绕的
tourist adj. 旅游的，游览的 n. 旅游者，游览者
wander vi. 漫游；闲逛；徘徊
time zone 时区
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排.....做……
a wild range of 各式各样
be open to the public 向公众开放
be surrounded with/by 被......包围
be accustomed to sth. /doing sth. 习惯于
be located (in) 坐落（在）
catch one's eye 引起某人的注意
domestic/international flight 国内/国际航班
go on a voyage 在水上航行
have a glimpse of 瞥一眼|
in memory of 纪念
in view of 鉴于；考虑到phrasesleave for 出发去某地
make a tour of the world 周游世界
on board 在船（车或飞机）上
on schedule 准时；按时间表
range from ... to . . . /between……and…… 在......到......之间变动
set off 出发，启程；着手做某事
tourist attraction 旅游景点
vice versa 反之亦然Give it a shot!
课堂练习看你罗！词分类A定中心B灵活选C标注选项中单词全部词性，注意一词多义和一词多性。 略读文章，抓住文章首句，迅速找到文章的主题。根据原文中空格的前后确定所要填的词性，然后从分类好的单词中选择出词性、意思、语法都符合要求的最佳选项。 选词填空技巧读题干A找细节B巧答题C阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。对作者使用的同义词或与之相关的词语和句子千万不能忽略。当题干中有诸如“NOT”或“except”时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有力证据。阅读技巧Give it a shot!
Classic tour-excursion informationIf you want to sit at the front of the coach, please .
题干出处：Seats
Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach tours when booking, but since the seat allocations are made on a first-come-first-served basis, early booking is advisable. When bookings are made with us you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time.
答案：C. book your seat well in advance
解析：细节题。根据seats部分“Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach tours when booking, but since the seat allocations are made on a first-come-first-served basis, early booking is advisable. ” 可得出。2. If you need a special diet you should .
题干出处：Special Diet
If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet. This will be notified to the hotel or hotels on you coach tour, but on certain coach tours the hotels used are tourist class and while offering value for money within the price range, they may not have the full facilities to cope with special diets. Any extra costs involved must be paid to the hotel by yourself before departure from the hotel.
答案：A. tell the coach company while booking
解析：细节题。根据special diet部分“If you require a special diet you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet. ” 可得出。3. With every booking Classic Tour guarantees that you will be able to .
题干出处：Luggage
We ask you to keep luggage down to one medium-size suitcase per person, but a small handbag can also be taken on board the coach.
答案：B. take a piece of small luggage on board
解析：细节题。根据luggage部分“but a small handbag can also be taken on board the coach” 可得出Tips：读题干、找细节、巧答题Speaking and writing
写作练习题目：
当前人们的旅游方式多种多样，有人选择团队游，有人选择自助游。请参考下面表格中的提示，介绍你喜欢的旅游方式，并说明你的理由。
团队游(package tour)自助游(self-organized tour)花销少，有导游服务自由随意易结交朋友可调整行程不够自由需自理食宿 Nowadays people have a wide selection when they go traveling. Some prefer a package tour, others choose self-organized tours. As for me, I like package tours better.
First of all, it is safe to be led by tour guides. Tourists can have an idea of the dangerous places such as cliffs and icebergs according to the introduction given by their tour guides. Also, when we go to somewhere unfamiliar, we’d better avoid getting lost and avoid going to the spots that are not worth the ticket money!
Second, in a package tour, tourists never have to worry about the food, the vehicles and the accommodations. All they’ve got to do is just put on their coats and press the “shoot” button on the camera! Furthermore, a group of tourists can often enjoy discounts in restaurants and hotels.
Third, the group members can easily make friends with each other. Getting along well enough, they may even come to figure out the plan for their next trip together!
As you can see, what a wise choice it is to go on a package tour! I’m really looking forward to having my personal safety, daily necessities and social network guaranteed by a tourist agency.（201words）阅读中的词汇短语及句型
2. 写作句型及思路总结1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 请在规定时间内完成讲义中的课后巩固部分。Groove Coverage 舞动精灵乐团是德国2001年创立的乐队，以其混合多种元素的舞曲风格迅速走红，驰名全欧。She就是Groove Coverage的经典作品之一。找出这首歌中的定语从句并比较其关系词有什么区别。Groove Coverage - She
she hangs out every day near by the beach having a honey kiss falling asleepshe looks so sexy when she's walking the sandnobody ever put a ring on her handswim to the ocean shore fish in the sea she is the story the story is she she sings to the moon and the stars in the sky shining from high above you shouldn't ask why she is the one that you never forgetshe is the heaven-sent angel you metoh she must be the reason why God made a girl
she is so pretty all over the world she puts the rhythm, the beat in the drum she comes in the morning & the evening she's gone every little hour every second you live trust in eternity that's what she gives she looks like Marilyn walks like Suzanne she talks like Monica and Marianne she wins in everything that she might do and she will respect you forever just you课件15张PPT。 Groove Coverage 舞动精灵乐团是德国2001年创立的乐队，以其混合多种元素的舞曲风格迅速走红，驰名全欧。She就是Groove Coverage的经典作品之一。找出这首歌中的定语从句并比较其关系词有什么区别。She
By Groove CoverageShe hangs out every day near by the beach Havin’ a harnican fallin’ asleep
She looks so sexy when she’s walking the sandNobody ever put a ring on her hand Swim to the oceanshore fish in the sea
She is the story the story is she
She sings to the moon and the stars in the sky Shining from high above you shouldn’t ask why She is the one that you never forget She is the heaven-sent angel you met Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl
She is so pretty all over the world She puts the rhythm, the beat in the drum She comes in the morning and the evening she’s gone Every little hour every second you live Trust in eternity that’s what she gives She looks like Marilyn, walks like Suzanne She talks like Monica and Marianne She wins in everything that she might do And she will respect you forever just you She is the one that you never forget She is the heaven-sent angel you met Oh, she must be the reason why God made a girl She is so pretty all over the world 定语从句---全家福
1. 顶梁柱老爸： 先行词 （n/pron）
2. 摩登百变老妈：关系词
在从句中做 主 宾 表 定哦
时而清新---关系代词：
只指物： which
只指人： who whom
既指人又指物： that whose as（正如）

时而高冷---关系副词：when where why

在从句中做状语哦 when
表时间where
表地点 why
表原因定语从句---关系副词 whenwhen 指时间，充当时间状语
1. I will never forget the days___________
I spend with my students.
2. He'll always remember the day ____ ____
his son was born.
3. He'll always remember the day______
his son was born. on whichwhenwhich/that/X 例1. We went through a period ___ communications were
very difficult in the rural areas.
A. which B. whose C. in which. D. with which
[解析] 答案为C。这里period表示一段时间，在定语从句中充当
时间状语，表示“在那个时期，通信在偏远地区是很困难的
例2. Do you still remember the days________we spent together in Australia?
A. when B. during which C. which D. on which
[解析] 答案为C。这里先行词为the days，在定语从句中作spend
的宾语，所以用关系代词which.where1. This is the place __________ we visited
last year.
2. This is the place____ ____ we spent our
childhood.
3. This is the place_______ we spent our
childhood.which/that/Xin whichwhere例1. This is the museum_______ you saw the other day.
A. that B. where C. in which D. in that
[解析] 答案为A。先行词为the museum,在定语从句中作see的宾语，
所以用关系代词that。例2：Fie has left for Beijing, _______a meeting is to be held.
A. when B. where C. as D. which
[解析] 答案为B。先行词为Beijing,在后面的定语从句中作地点状语， 表示一个会议即将在北京召开。 例3. I’ve come to the point ______ I can’t stand him.
[解析] 答案为where，我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。whywhywhy 指原因，充当原因状语
1.This is the reason___________may explain
his absence.
2.This is the reason ____ _____they were late.
3.This is the reason______they were late for
the meeting.
why for which that/ which
例1. The reason______I write to you is to tell you about my new friend
Henry.
A. because B. why C. for D. as
解析：答案为B。本句话的意思是我写信给你的原因是要告诉你我的新朋友
亨利。The reason 为先行词，在定语从句中作状语。
例2. Have you ever asked him the reason______may explain his absence?
A. why B. when C. that D. what
解析：答案为C。the reason 为先行词，在定语从句中作explain 的主语，
所以需要一个关系代词。 表示抽象地点的先行词：case, point, situation, condition, job等表示“情况，方面”的名词, 主谓宾全的情况下，用where。
1. There are many cases ______this rule does not hold good.
2. He had to face the conditions _____pressure was heavy.
3. I will show you the point ______ you fail.

PS: 先行词为occasion，用when从句。最坑爹的搭配：wherewherewherewhere 定从的关系副词有where，when，why；在从句中做状语
1. 复习定语从句
2. 讲义课后作业部分1.看下面两幅图，谈谈各自对图片中人物的了解。
2.列举出两位文学伟人的代表作。
3.说一说你读过的印象最深刻的一首诗。
4.说一说诗歌给我们的生活所带来的影响。
课件14张PPT。 1.先让学生看下面两幅图，谈谈各自对图片中人物的了解。
2.列举出两位文学伟人的代表作。
3.说一说你读过的印象最深刻的一首诗。
4.说一说诗歌给我们的生活所带来的影响。
威廉·莎士比亚（William?Shakespeare，1564年4月23日?---?1616年4月23日），
文艺复兴时期英国杰出的思想家、作家、戏剧家，诗人。1564年出生于一个
富商家庭，曾经在“文法学校”读书，后因父亲破产中途辍学。21岁时到伦敦剧院工作，很快就登台演戏，并开始创作剧本和诗歌。他创作的大部分是诗剧，主要作品有《李尔王》、《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、《威尼斯商人》等。他的作品是人文主义文学的杰出代表，在世界文学史上占有极重要的地位。其作品直至今日依旧广受欢迎，在全球以不同文化和政治形式演出和诠释。
威廉·布莱克（William Blake）是18世纪末、19世纪初的一个英国诗人，活着
的时候没人知道，直到20世纪初才被挖掘出来。他在国内最出名就是下面四
行 诗,试着欣赏： To see a world in a grain of sand,
And a heaven in a wild flower,
Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,
And eternity in an hour. 文学类阅读的词汇
Section A: Words
1．abstract adj.抽象的 n．摘要，梗概
2．anniversary n．周年纪念日 adj.周年的；每年的
3．artificial adj.人工的，人造的；仿真的
4．compose v．组成，构成；创作（乐曲、诗歌等）
5．conductor n．（乐队、合唱队等的）指 挥；售票员；列车员
6．critic n．批评家，评论家
7．criticize v．批评，批判；指责，非难
8．define v．给……下定义
9．display n．＆v．显示
10. extraordinary adj.非同寻常的，特别的Section B：Phrases
1．art dealer 画商
2．appeal to 吸引
3，be based on 以……为基础；以……为根据
4．be capable of 有能力做……
5．be distinguished for 以……而著名
6．best seller 畅销书
7．Chinese painting （中国）国画
8．classical literature 文学
9. date from 追溯至
10. deserve such a reputation 值得享有这样的声誉
11. enjoy a high reputation 享有盛誉
12. have the ability to do sth． 有能力做……
13. in honor of 向……表示敬意 文学类阅读的词汇A. keeping B. ranging C. wrote D. mirror E. invented
F. left G. backwards H. right I. written J. stories Leonardo's notebooks are the main reason why we know so much about him. He drew and wrote constantly, covering thousands of pages with his many ideas in different fields, 1 from art to philosophy and science. Leonardo 2 down things that interested him, such as riddles(谜语), sayings and 3 he had heard or read, and ideas for different inventions and projects. He also wrote this remark in one of his notebooks: With slight strokes(笔画), take a note in a little book which you should always carry with you. Much has been said about Leonardo writing his words 4 , from right to left, so that they only appear correctly if read in a mirror. C BGJ文学类阅读---选词填空People often say this is because Leonardo did not want anyone to read his work, but this is an unlikely explanation as anyone with a 5 could do so. A more practical way of 6 ideas secret would have been to write in a special code. And this is exactly what Leonardo did. In some of his notebooks, he wrote in a shorthand(速记法) which he 7 himself. A more probable reason for Leonardo's "mirror-writing" has to do with his left-handedness. If you write in ink with your 8 hand, from left to right, it is easy for your hand to smear(沾染) what you have just 9 ! Leonardo, as usual, was both different and practical.A. keeping B. ranging C. wrote D. mirror E. invented
F. left G. backwards H. right I. written J. stories DAEFI Key words:通过上面的解题技巧初探，可以归纳出下面的复习备考要点：
一、掌握正确的单词记忆方法
　　学习单词一定要弄清楚其具体含义和使用语境。记忆词汇的正确方法是在语境中记忆单词，通过阅读文章来记单词是最佳方法。阅读文章记忆单词时，要注意观察单词在具体语境下的具体含义以及能否用考试大纲里的其它词来替换该词。此外，还应该学习某一单词常和什么词搭配使用。
二、复习巩固基本语法
　　大家虽然已经掌握了基本语法，但是在实际运用时不一定都能运用自如。遇到这种情况，就需要大家把相关语法基础知识好好复习一下，特别是有关词性及句子结构的内容好好地复习巩固一下。
三、做适量的练习
在复习备考的过程中，无论使用什么方法和技巧，都需要大家亲自去实践和运用。只有经过大量的练习，才能对这种题型有一定的认识，才能真正找到感觉。选词填空做题技巧Speaking and writing
写作练习题目：
Write an English composition in about 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
有一段时间，上海不少中小学兴起了“京剧(Peking Opera)进课堂”的热潮。请结合实际谈谈你对此项活动的看法，并说说理由。参考范文：
Some time ago, there was a heated discussion about whether Peking Opera should be introduced into schools in Shanghai. And now some schools have already set up optional courses for Peking Opera, which has aroused a heated debate.
As for me, I definitely think that schools should set up such courses, because Peking Opera is our nation's cultural treasure, which should be valued, preserved and passed on through generations. The best way to keep Peking Opera alive and prosperous is to have young people exposed to it. The early experience of Peking Opera can stimulate youngsters' interest and passion for this art, and thus they will be willing to devote themselves to the inheritance and development of Peking Opera. Besides, Peking Opera offers young people another choice of recreation after class instead of playing video games or watching TV. While enjoying the delightful melody, students can relax themselves and learn our national history as well, for every single performance of Peking Opera tells people an interesting historical story.

All in all, introducing Peking Opera to students does help us appreciate this valuable art and learn history. Therefore, I'm pretty convinced that schools in Shanghai should set up optional courses for this art.文学阅读具体解题步骤：
1.?读题干：阅读题干，发现关键词和起主导作用的内容。一般情况下，问题出现的前后顺序与文章中细节和事实出现的先后顺序是一致的。
2.?找细节：阅读文章内容，寻找与题干相符合的具体细节。要注意的是，对作者使用的同义词或与之相关的词语和句子千万不能忽略。
3.?巧答题：根据前两步所得到的信息回答问题。阅读问题所给的四个选项，检查文中的细节与哪一项相符。当题干中有诸如“NOT”或“except”时，同学们一定要特别小心，力求在文章中找到相关的有力证据。1. 总结文学类阅读的词汇
2. 完成课后作业部分 下列句子是从一个高中英语初学者写的几篇英语作文中摘录出的定语从句，但很遗憾，每个句子都有不同程度的语病，请你帮他找出下列各句中的错误并提出你的修改建议，拜托了！
　 1. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
　2. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.
　3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.
　4. The house in that we live is very small.
　5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for
plants to grow.
　6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.课件16张PPT。 下列12个句子是从一个高中英语初学者写的几篇英语作文中摘录出的定语
从句，但很遗憾，每个句子都有不同程度的语病，请找出并订正，拜托啦！
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　1. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.
　2. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors.
　3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.

　4. The house in that we live is very small.
　5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for
plants to grow.
　6. I’ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.6. which---that1.wants--want2.them---whom5. that---which3.who---whom4.that---which　7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.
　8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons
who they remembered in the country.
　9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.
10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died.
11. Who is the man who has white hairs?
12. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to
the English Evening.7. which---that8. who---that11. 第二个who---that10. that---which12. have---has9. which---that 定语从句特殊用法1. There is nothing that I can say about it.

2. This is the best basketball match that I have ever seen.
3. Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?

4. The first English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.
当先行词为不定代词 时 先行词被the only 或the very修饰 时一、定从幺蛾子最多的搭配：that关系代词只能用 that, 而不能用which的情况：先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰 时先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰 时5. 先行词被any, all, much, no, little, few等修饰时。
eg. I am interested in all the stories that you have told me.
6. 先行词既包含人又包含物时。例如：
eg. They talked about the factories and workers that they had visited.
7. 先行词是疑问代词时。如：
eg. Which is the book that he bought yesterday?
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?
8. 先行词在逻辑上充当定语从句的表语时。如：
eg. This is no longer the place that it used to be.
二、最忠实的搭配：which
关系代词只能用which，不用that 的情况：
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，
She heard a terrible noise, which surprised him.
2.当关系代词做介词宾语时，例如：
He wrote a book in which he could learn about his life.
3. 当定语从句修饰整个主句 时,可以使用which。
They have invited me to dinner, which is very kind of them.搞定that，我最机智---反间计1. who：关系代词；只指人；可做主语、宾语（口语）
whom: 关系代词； 只指人; 只做宾语、 介词+whom
介词后关系代词如指代人，只能用whom，且whom不可省略
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.
He is a student who/whom we should learn from
Nancy is the right person on whom you can depend.
2. 关系词who与that指人时
（1）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、one等词时,关系词用who。
（2）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。
Who is the girl that is standing by the window?三、 who、whom 和 that 的关系难点点拨四、 whose的特殊用法 whose：关系代词；既指人又指物；
whose=介词+whom/which。
表示人的所有：
The girl whose father is a model worker is our monitor.
表示物的所有：
I’d like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
There is a room, the window of _______faces the river.
which非限制性定语从句的谓语动词为know, see, suggest, turn out等时，由as引导并指代整个主句，意为“正如”。
eg. As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.
They have invited me to dinner, which is very kind of them.
武林秘籍：as可放在句首，句中，句末，有“正如”的意思；
which不能置于句首，翻译成“这，这件事”但不能放句首。
2. as 的固定搭配：
as is known to all, as we all know, as is said, as is reported,
as is announced, as I expect, as is often the case,
as was expected, as often happens, as has been said before，
as is mentioned above等。五、特殊的固搭王：as 3. 区分the same as…和the same that…
I want the same necklace as she wears.
I don't want this book. I want the same one that she has. 4. 区分so/ such…that 和so/ such…as
I've never seen such a clever man as he is.
This is such a difficult problem that no one can work it out.
This is so difficult a problem that no one can work it out.九阴真经： the same as…. 相似的两个
the same that…同一个 葵花宝典： such……as... 定语从句
so/such...that... 结果状语从句六、定语从句中的插入语 He is the teacher, who I think will be our class teacher
next year. 葵花宝典：I think, everybody believes, I suppose 等插
入语, 在考虑用什么关系代词和关系副词时，可
暂时不看, 以免受迷惑.七、定从the way的用法
the way 作先行词，定语从句用that, in which 或 省略。
That is the way＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ he spoke._that/ in which/ X八、定语从句的主谓一致 1. I, who　　　your best friend, will do everything for you.
2. Tom is one of the boy students in our class who 　 often
late.
3. Tom is the (only) one of the boy students in our class
who　　often late.九阴真经：one of +n(复数)... 从句谓语动词用“复数”
　the (only) one of+n(复数)... 从句谓语动词用“单数”
ａｍare ｉｓ 进行错题整理
完成课后作业部分预习下以下词汇和句子，竞猜下它们的汉语意思。
First words

Success
First words



Second Sentences
All is not gold that glitters.
He, who knows nothing but pretends to know everything, is indeed a good-for-nothing. Third Paragraphs
“Life is not easy for any one of us. We must work, and above all we must believe in ourselves. We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well, and that, when we discover what this something is, we must work until we succeed.”
------Madame CurieFirst Wordsself-confidence understanding creativity cooperation experience serious spirit课件15张PPT。Successself-confidence understanding creativity cooperation experience serious spirit Second sentences1. All is not gold that glitters.
2. He, who knows nothing but pretends to know everything, is indeed
a good-for-nothing.
3. Opportunity & luck always shows appreciation for those who are
bold in struggling.
4. A thousand-li journey is started by taking the first step.
5. Man struggles upwards; water flows downwards
6. There must be a use for my talent. First words 闪闪发光者，未必皆黄金不懂装懂, 永世饭桶机遇和幸运总是垂青勇于奋斗的人千里之行，始于足下人往高处走，水往低处流天生我才必有用翻译大PKThird Paragraphs
“Life is not easy for any one of us. We must work, and above
all we must believe in ourselves. We must believe that each
one of us is able to do something well, and that, when we
discover what this something is, we must work until we succeed.” —— Madame Curie
“Your beliefs become your thoughts; your thoughts become
your words; your words become your actions; your actions become your habits; your habits become your values; your values become your destiny.” —— Mohandas Handhi
(默罕默德. 甘地)?例题：(闵行高三一模语法填空B篇)
When young people get their real jobs, they may face a lot of new, confusing situation. They may find that everything is different from the way things (33) ______ (be) at school. It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can’t be the only preparation for all of the different situations (34) appear in the working world. Perhaps the best way (35) ______ (learn) how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior. In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is (36) ___ you admire in this person. For example, you will observe how he acts when he is in trouble. Perhaps even (37) (important), you will be able to see what his approach to everyday situations (38) ______ (be). While you are observing your colleague, you should be asking yourself whether his behavior is like (39) ______ and how you can learn from his response to different situations. By (40) (learn) from a model, you will probably begin to identify and learn good working habits.yoursweremore importantthat / which to learnthatis / will be learning就业类阅读---语法填空【好词好句集锦】
It is also possible that they will feel uncomfortable in both professional and social situations. Eventually, they realize that university classes can’t be the only preparation for all of the different situations that appear in the working world. 大学课程不可能为工作领域中出现的所有不同情境做好所有的准备。
2. Perhaps the best way to learn how to behave in the working world is to identify a worker you admire and observe his behavior. 被不定式做定语拉长的主语 不定式作表语1 不定式作表语2
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3. In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is that you admire in this person.
强调句：it is／was…… that 语法填空的考点解析解题步骤：
1.通读全文，了解大意

既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法，我们在解题前就应快速浏览
短文，了解全文大意。
2.分析语境，试填空格
读懂短文后，要结合短文所提供的特定语境及解题思路去填空。
3.对照考点，解决难题
在解题过程中要先易后难。在做好有把握的题后，对照各考点及题数，仔细推敲，解决难题。
4.通读全文，确保无误语法填空的做题技巧A complicated B. suitable C. understand D. regularly E. instant
F. access G. divide H. normally I. obtain J. symbols K. refer Among the note-taking forms in today’s US schools, the Cornell method is widely recommended. Providing a form for concentrating and organizing notes, the Cornell method sets up a system to direct students to_41___ the paper into two columns. The note-taking column, which is usually on the right, is twice the size of the key word column on the left. The student should leave five to seven lines blank at the bottom of the page.
Notes from a lecture or teaching occupy the note-taking column which _42___ contain the main ideas of the textbook or lecture. Most _43___ ideas and long sentences are avoided while _44___ or abbreviations（缩写） are preferred instead. 就业阅读———十一选十AHGJTo assist with future reviews, ___45___thoughts or questions should be noted down as soon as possible so that the students may ___46___ to these points for reflection or further research. The key-word column is a(n)___47 place to note down these ideas. These ideas may later turn into potential research results as students are always encouraged to reflect on the notes ___48_or go deep into the questions further.
Within 24 hours after the note-taking, the student must revise and then produce a short summary in the bottom space. Such move helps him to ___49 the topic better. When preparing for a test, the student has ___50___ to a brief but detailed record of the previous classes.A complicated B. suitable C. understand D. regularly E. instant
F. access G. divide H. normally I. obtain J. symbols K. referFKEBCD【文章大意】介绍一种科学做笔记的方法，详细讲解了做笔记时和做笔记后
的操作要领。 【长难句解析】
Providing a form for concentrating and organizing notes, the Cornell method sets up a system to direct students to divide the paper into two columns. 现在分词做状语
2. To assist with future reviews, instant thoughts or questions should be noted down
as soon as possible so that the students may refer to these points for reflection or
further research. 目的状语从句
不定式做目的状语选词填空的做题技巧 十一选十的文章一般在240-300词左右，文章不会很长，为了帮助学生的理解，首句一般不设空，所待选单词也不会很难，其中有名词、动词、形容词、副词以及非谓语的动名词与分词形式第一步，判断词性。冠词、及物动词、介词或者动词第二步，略读抓中心。其次要略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题
词与了解文章大致内容第三步，填词入空。分为三小步：
1）确认空处可填词性。
2）同性词筛选，句义分析。
3）统筹全篇，最终定位。Speaking and Writing 阅读作文
Directions: Write an English composition in 120 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
学习是个人成长中非常重要的一部分.学习的方法有很多,如:聆听长辈教导,阅读各类书籍,自己亲身体验,等等. 请简单描述你认为最好的学习方法,并陈述理由. 版本1: Study plays an important role in the growth of a person. There are many ways to study, such as following the instructions from the parents, reading various kinds of books and so on. Which is the best method to study well? The answer varies.
版本2: Study is a very important part in one’s growth. There is no denying that study methods play a major role in study. In my opinion, effective study method lead to good marks and I myself am a good example.
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对策：
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1）根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断；
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2）关键词定位，确定关键句子的句子结构，划分句子成分。
3）①考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义
②生词的含义推断
? 根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。整理阅读生词
完成课后作业部分1. 翻译并思考下定语从句在阅读中的作用。
President Kennedy wanted people who raised questions, who criticized, on whose judgment he could rely, who presented an intelligent point of view, regardless of their rank or viewpoint.　
　
2. 思考下定语从句在翻译中翻译的特点。
3. 思考如何在写作中运用定语从句让文章增色。课件17张PPT。请一位同学上台作为小老师复习定语从句的知识点，
另外两位同学补充1.英语句子成分示意图【知识梳理1】We should keep the bright classroom clean every day.定语补语状语例题精讲：能准确说出下列划线部分的句子成分吗？【知识梳理2】定语从句中关系词的选择
形式限定性：主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开
非限定性：主句与从句之间通常有逗号隔开功能翻译限制性：He?is?the?man?whose?car?was?stolen.?
他就是汽车被窃的那个人。
?非限定性：I’ve?invited?Jim,?who?lives?in?the?next?flat.?
我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。先行词限制性：可用that，关系代词作宾语可省略。
非限制性：不能用that，关系词不能省略 限定性：对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别。
非限定性：对先行词起补充说明作用，可省略。限制性定语从句 VS 非限制性定语从句 例题精讲
The school ________ I visited last year was not the one ________ I once worked. ① 找先行词（先行词一般是名词和代词） ② 划出定语从句③ 看先行词在定语从句中充当的成分, 缺什么成分就补什么成分做定语从句口诀： 三步走which whereimportant task that should be finished soon.
（这是必须马上完成的任务。）
只用that的情况：
1.先行词为all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, the one等不定代词时:2.先行词被形容词最高级或被the only, the very等修饰时：
3.先行词为数词或被序数词（含last ）修饰时:
4.先行词中既有人又有物时：
5.先行词在主句中作表语，或关系代词在从句中作表语时：
6.先行词为疑问代词
whichthat win【知识梳理3】区别“ that ”or “which”important task that should be finished soon.
（这是必须马上完成的任务。）
用which, 不宜用that的情况
1. 关系代词前有介词：
This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.
(这是鲁迅住过的房子。)
2. 非限制性定语从句中：
We were given a lovely room, which had a sea view.
(我们被分到一个能看到海景的房间。)
whichthat winBA【知识梳理4】as在定语从句中的用法as引导定语从句的用法???as?引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；
which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外，as有“正如”的意思??
?(1)?As?is?known?to?all,?China?is?a?developing?country.??
?(2)?He?is?from?the?south,?as?we?can?see?from?his?accent.??
?(3)?John,?as?you?know,?is?a?famous?writer.?
??(4)?He?has?been?to?Paris?more?than?several?times,?which?I?don’t?believe.
as用于限定性定语从句as用于非限定性定语从句as?用于固定结构,????如?the?same……?as；such…..as?中的
I?have?got?into?the?same?trouble?as?he?(has).
在此句中as是关系代词，作know的宾语。??as可引导非限制性从句，表示‘正如‘
As?we?know,?smoking?is?harmful?to?one's?health.????
As?is?known,?smoking?is?harmful?to?one's?health.????010203041. It wasn’t such a good dinner ___as_____ she had promised us.
2. ____as____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
3. Such people ____as__ were mentioned by him were honest.
4. ___as___ we know, water resources are very limited on the earth.
【巩固练习】
【知识梳理5】关系副词中的一些抽象地点和时间名词 表示“情况，方面等”的名词，如果从句缺状语，用where引导。wherepointsituationconditioncasejob【例题精讲】
There are many cases where this rule does not hold good.
He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.
whenPeople may come across the occasion when they want to say something but forget what they are going to say.关系副词 when具体的时间名词后可接when从句，但如果先行词为occasion，同样也加when从句关系代词和关系副词的选择
that和which的区别
As在关系代词中的运用
一些抽象名词后的定语从句，where引导，在句中做地点状语1. 复习精讲提升部分的内容;
2. 请在规定时间内完成讲义中的课后巩固部分。这则新闻主要讲了什么？请概括这则新闻大意。
The exciting discovery announced Wednesday has been deemed one of the first realistic opportunities to begin a search for alien life outside our system as well as the first time so many planets were discovered circling the same star.
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"This discovery could be a significant piece in the puzzle of finding habitable environments, places that are conducive to life. Answering the question 'are we alone' is a top science
priority and finding so many planets like these for the first time in the habitable zone is a remarkable step forward toward that goal," associate administrator of the agency's
Science Mission Directorate in Washington Thomas Zurbuchen said in a press release.