北师大版高中英语模块8 Unit 22 Environmental Pretection话题语言应用---环境保护
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| 名称 | 北师大版高中英语模块8 Unit 22 Environmental Pretection话题语言应用---环境保护 |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2019-11-20 22:03:33 | ||
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话题语言应用——环境保护
语言积累
交际用语
提供论据（Justifying arguments）
That’s why I’m thinking of joining one of those conservation programmes to save an endangered animal.
那就是为什么我正在考虑加入一个拯救濒危动物的计划。
The government is trying to enforce the law so that they are protected.
政府正在设法实施这项法律以便于它们得到保护。
I mean, basically, that’s the problem.
我的意思是，本质上，那就是问题所在。
That’s the reason why they are killed.
那就是它们被杀的理由。
提出论点（Giving opinion）
I’m not sure. I haven’t thought about it much.
我不确定，我还没怎么考虑此事。
What I don’t understand is why...
我不懂的是为什么……
What we should do is...
我们应该做的是……
I think we should set up an education programme. The main reason for this is that...
我想我们应该设立一个教育计划，主要原因是……
That’s a good idea. To save the ... we need to ...
是个好主意。为了拯救……，我们需要……
话题语句（1）
有关环境问题的词汇：
greenhouse gases 温室气体 Greenhouse effect 温室效应
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 water vapor 水蒸汽
the sea level 海平面 atmosphere 大气层，气氛
ecological system=ecosystem生态系统 the ecology of the sea 海洋生态
Human activities causing global warming 引起地球变暖的人类行为
industry 工业 agriculture 农业 transportation 交通
deforestation 采伐森林 burning of fuels 燃料的燃烧
environmentally-friendly 有利于环境的 environmental protection 环境保护
environment-friendly products环保产品
dispose of 将……处理掉 burn/ bury 燃烧/ 填埋
plastic bags塑料袋 drinking cans饮料罐
renewable/ non-renewable 可/不可再生的
Natural disaster 自然灾害
drought 干旱 flood 洪水
famine 饥荒 forest fire 森林大火
the spread of diseases 疾病的蔓延 the disappearance of species 物种的消失
acid rain酸雨 hurricane 飓风
tornado龙卷风 typhoon台风
tsunami 海啸 earthquake 地震
landslide滑坡 mudslide泥石流
snow slide 雪崩 severe storm 大风暴/大暴雨
Endangered species 濒危物种
giant panda 大熊猫 Yangtze dolphin 白暨豚 crested ibis 朱鹮
snow leopard 雪豹 tiger 虎 Yangtze alligator 扬子鳄
tortoise 乌龟 Tibetan antelope 藏羚羊
habitat 栖息地 nature reserve自然保护区 conservation 保护，节约
extinct 灭绝的 preserve 保护，维持
话题语句（2）
表示“为环保做贡献”的语句
have a responsibility to do sth. 有责任做某事
take action/ take measures to do sth. 采取行动(做某事)
play one’s part 参与、起作用
As individuals, we can make small changes like taking public transport, recycling…
作为个人，我们可以做些小的改变，像乘坐公共交通工具、回收利用……
using low-flow shower heads 使用低流量淋浴头
buying energy-efficient light bulbs 买节能灯泡
installing soundproof windows安装隔音窗户
Energy lights our cities/ heats our buildings/ entertains us.
能源用于城市照明/ 楼房取暖/ 娱乐（watching TV; playing computer）。
Wind will never run out while coal is a limited source.
风取之不尽，而煤是有限的资源。
It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off! 在使用电器设备时你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉。
So if you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so on, turn them off.
因此，你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等时，要把它们关掉。
If you are cold, put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.
如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服，而不是把暖气开大。
Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.
若情况允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
Buy things that are economical with energy — this includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.
买那些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉之类的小件物品。
Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit.
树能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，使你感觉清爽。
Arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.
提高公众的环保意识
话题词句（3）
Deadliest Effects of Global Warming 全球变暖的致命的影响
1. Polar ice caps melting 极地冰帽开始融化
First, it will raise sea levels, which could displace millions of people. Second, melting ice caps will throw the global ecosystem out of balance. The ice caps are fresh water, and when they melt they will make the ocean less salty. The desalinization of the Gulf current will “screw up” ocean currents, which regulate temperatures. Third, temperature rises and changing landscapes in the Arctic Circle will endanger several species of animals. Only the most adaptable will survive.
注：displace使背井离乡 ecosystem生态系统 desalinization减少盐分
current 洋流 screw up搅乱 regulate 调节
2. Widespread extinction of species 广泛的物种灭绝
It is reported that 75 species are extinct every day, and 3 every hour. The loss and degradation of their habitat is the central cause of their endangerment. Pollution, poaching and the growing effects of climate change are also threats that wildlife face every day. And because we can’t exist without a diverse population of species on Earth, this is scary news for humans.
注：extinct 绝种的 degradation 降级，堕落 habitat 栖息地
poach 偷猎 diverse 多种多样的
3. Natural disasters will take place frequently. 自然灾害频发。
Global warming will significantly increase the intensity of the most extreme storms worldwide. The?storms such as hurricanes and cyclones are increasing. Flooding represents one of the most dangerous hazards to human settlements and is one of the most potentially momentous impacts of global warming. Melting glaciations can cause more frequent and more dangerous episodes of earthquakes and volcanic activities.
注：intensity 剧烈（程度） hurricane飓风 cyclone龙卷风
hazard 危险，公害 momentous 严重的 glaciation 冰河作用
4. Increased probability and intensity of droughts and heat waves 干旱和热浪的发生和激烈程度增加
Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and heat waves. Africa will receive the worst of it, with more severe droughts also expected in Europe. Water is already dangerously rare in Africa, and global warming could lead to conflicts and war.
5. More outbreaks of deadly diseases 致命疾病的更多的爆发
Climate greatly influences some of the most deadly and widespread diseases currently affecting millions of people across the world. With disease-bearing insects such as mosquitoes able to multiply in staggering numbers thanks to even small rises in temperature, global warming looks set to facilitate the spread of diseases like Malaria.
注：staggering 难以置信的 set to do 开始努力做 facilitate 使容易，推动
Malaria 疟疾 set adj. 固定的,坚决的,事先做好的■
话题语句（4）
有用的句子-----试试你会了吗？
1. 因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使地球的气温上升。
_______ the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases ________.
2. 人口过多对海洋生态是有害的。
Overpopulation _________ the ecology of the sea.
3. 在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。
In the last few _______, scientists have __________ and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate—something ______ seen as _________.
4. 展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖是二十一世纪面对的最大的环境问题之一。
_________, scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest ______ problems _____ the 21st century.
5. 严重的疾病将会四处扩散，依赖大自然的产业如渔业将会受到不好的影响。
Serious diseases will _______ and industries that _______ nature such as fishing will be badly ______.
6. 如果我们把全世界每个人所做的这些小的改变加起来，那将不会是很小的变化。
If we ________ all these small changes ______ by everyone ______, they won’t be such small changes.
7. 政府正在极力实施法律来保护他们（濒危动物）。
The government is trying to ______ the law ______ they are protected.
8. 大自然正在报复我们。
Nature is _______ us.
9. ……大量的不断增多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。
..., with a ______ number of hurricanes ______ the US, and Central America.
10. 因为这些自然灾害不定时地发生，因此很难提前警告人们。
Because these ______ disasters _______________, it is difficult to warn people ______.
参考答案：
1. Because of; trapped in the atmosphere
2. is harmful to (对……是有害的)
3. decades; reached consensus; previously; beyond our control
4. Looking ahead; environmental; facing（face意为“面临”，主语多是表示“困难、危机”等词，宾语多是要面对这些的“人”等）
5. spread; rely on; affected
6. add up (加起来)；made; worldwide
7. enforce (实施); so that
8. turning on (turn on 对……发怒，袭击，打开<收音机等>）
9. growing；hitting
10. natural; occur at random times; in advance
写作运用
写报告（Writing a Report）
报告一般是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行调查，并根据所收集的信息，对某种现象进行分析并表达自己看法的书面表达形式，考查时常以图表方式来呈现信息。
报告的组成
1. 说明报告的目的和背景信息。
常用句型：
The aim of this report is to...
This report aims to ...
2. 陈述负面信息。
常用句型：
There are several disappointing facts and figures.
There are...
Only twenty percent of ...
3. 陈述正面信息。
常用句型：
On the other hand, there were some encouraging things.
Some people...
The majority...
4. 给出自己的观点和建议：给出一个简单的结论或做出一些推荐。
常用句型：
To sum up, most people are...
Governments should...
People need to...
几点注意
1. 报告的语言通常较正式，避免给出过于个人化的观点。对比下面句子：
( I think children are treated unfairly. (过于个人化)
( This suggests children are treated unfairly. (更客观)
2. 使用正式的连接词语。对比下面句子：
( If you look at the figures, lots of animals are in danger of extinction.
( According to recent figures, many animals are in danger of extinction. (更正式)
3. 尽量避免用词重复，使用不同的词语表达一个意思。如：
in fact ---- as a matter of fact 事实上 go up ---- rise 上升
result in ---- lead to 导致 all in all ---- generally speaking 总而言之
regulation ---- rule 规则 current ---- present 现在的，目前的
appropriate ---- suitable, proper 合适的 all over the world ---- worldwide 全世界
urban areas ---- city 城市 optimistic ---- hopeful 乐观的，有希望的
常用连接词
1. 列举要点：
also 也，furthermore 而且，in addition 另外，moreover 再者
2. 对比观点：
however 但是，on the other hand 在另一方面，although 虽然，despite 尽管
3. 举例说明：
for example 例如，in this way 这样，such as 诸如，particularly 特别是，especially 尤其
4. 呈现结果：as a result of 作为结果，What this means is… 意思是……
5. 呈现结论：To sum up 总之，All things considered 全面考虑
写作范文
Example 1
根据以下信息写一篇报告
据报道，到2025年世界上将有30%的人没有足够的水饮用。水资源短缺已引起人们的广泛关注。请结合下表要点，写一篇关于“Water Shortage”的报告。
严重后果
解决办法
你的观点
1. 饮用水不足，引起健康问题；
2. 影响发展中国家的经济发展；
3. 可能引起国际纷争。
1. 节约用水，重复使用；
2. 充分利用海水；
3. 控制人口增长。
……
注意：
1.词数：120左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：水资源water resources
参考范文：
Water Shortage
It is reported that about thirty percent of the world’s people may not have enough water to drink by the year 2025. We can’t imagine how life will become without water. Perhaps the earth we live on would be a dead one. So water shortage has caused wide public concern.
Lack of water in the future may result in several problems. Firstly, with drinking water becoming less and less, health problems may go up. Secondly, it will also affect the ability of developing countries to improve their economics. Worse still, it may lead to international conflicts.
Fortunately, people have realized this problem and are trying to find ways to solve it. One way is to tell people to be careful not to waste water and develop ways to recycle it. Another way is to make full use of seawater by getting rid of salt. However, the most important and long-term solution is to control the growth of population.
Personally, I think it’s high time we took active and effective measures to protect water resource. Only by doing this can we expect to solve the serious water problem in the future.
Example 2
下图描述的是全球环境问题。请仔细观察这幅漫画，用英语写一篇短文，阐明漫画中所反映的问题，并提出解决此问题的方法(至少三点)。
/
注意：
1．仔细品味图中文字的韵味，可以适当发挥想象，不要做简单描述；
2．词数120左右。
参考范文
From the picture, we can see that pollution is posing a threat to our earth, which comes in many ways. Millions of chimneys of the factories are pouring heavy smoke into air, which causes serious air pollution. A large amount of waste water from the factories pollutes water, making our rivers fishless and our water unfit to drink and swim in. Furthermore, a lot of trees have been cut down without proper plans, which contributes to the soil being washed away. It seems that we really have no clean place to live in.
The pollution is so serious that we have to find effective solutions to it. As far as I am concerned, the government should make laws to reduce polluted air. Some measures should be taken to purify the water before it is poured into the rivers or the seas. We should plant more trees to keep the soil in place. What’s more, people should be further educated to realize the importance of environmental protection. Thus, we will have a clean and tidy environment.
Example 3
请根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇短文，描述全球近五十年来的气候变化，并分析其产生的主要原因、影响及解决措施。
原因
1）过多使用矿物燃料；
2）过度砍伐森林。
影响
1）海平面上升；
2）极端天气现象增加；
3）自然平衡被破坏。
措施
1）控制二氧化碳排放；
2）采用新型能源。
Average temperature in fifty years
/
参考范文：
The diagram shows the weather changes in the global climate. It tells us that the global average temperature has increased by 0.8℃ from 17℃ in 1951 to 17.8℃ in 2001. Thus, we can come to a conclusion that our earth is getting warmer and warmer.
As far as we know, global warming is due to human activities. Firstly, the use of fossil fuels by industry releases greenhouse gases. Moreover, cutting down forests means that less carbon dioxide can be changed back into oxygen. As a consequence of global warming, the sea level is rising. And people are suffering more extreme weather. The increase in temperature is also causing much damage to the balance of nature.
It’s high time that we should take measures to protect our earth. Not only can we control the releasing of carbon dioxide, but also we can be encouraged to use energy, such as solar energy.
In a word, only in this way can we make our earth a better place for our human beings.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. He slipped and broke his leg. ________, he’ll have to be away from school for two or three months.
A. As a result B. On the other hand C. Above all D. However
2. Keeping the balance of ________ is important for environment, so we should pay attention to it.
A. the nature B. nature C. natural D. a nature
3. Dark glasses are sometimes worn to ________ the eyes from strong sunlight.
A．prevent B．care C．defend D．protect
4. The society was set up to _________ endangered species from extinction.
A. protect B. preserve C. produce D. both A and B
5. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______.
A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon
6. An increase in the price of drugs has _____ the rising cost of medical care.
A. contributed to B. brought up C. burst into D. resulted from
7. The event has not only increased public ________ of world hunger，but raised a lot of money for the poor children.
A．direction B．contribution C．awareness D．loneliness
8. At that time, what worried Zhang Yimou most was the weather, which we all know is evidently ________ anyone’s control.
A. above B. beyond C. under D. over
9. They told me it would be cheap but ________ it cost me nearly $500.
A. in a word B. at last C. in fact D. as a result
10. ________ of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
A. The majority B. The most C. Majority D. The major
11. The rent is reasonable and, ________, the location is perfect.
A. moreover B. therefore C. meanwhile D. otherwise
12. Nowadays more and more people realize the importance of wildlife ________.
A. conversation B. conservation C. consequence D. conscience
13. We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only ________ violence.
A. runs into B. comes from C. leads to D. begins with
14. Paper-making began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe.
A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed
15. He was told to finish his speech_______; accordingly, he had to shorten his well-prepared speech.
A. in short B. in brief C. in advance D. in detail
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下面各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship．Having been a Straight-A student，I believed I could 16 tough subjects and really learn something．One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne．I was extremely interested in the ideas he 17 in class．
When I took the first exam，I was 18 to find a 77，C-plus，on my test paper， 19 English was my best subject．I went to Professor Jayne，who listened to my arguments but remained 20 ．
I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that 21 ! Because school had always been easy for me, I read the books more carefully，but got another 77．Again I 22 with Professor Jayne．Again，he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his 23 ．
One more test before the final exam．One more 24 to improve my grade．So I redoubled my efforts and，for the first time， 25 the meaning of the word “thorough”．But my 26 did no good and everything 27 as before．
The last hurdle(障碍) was the final．No matter what 28 I got，it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses．I might as well kiss the 29 goodbye．
I stopped working hard．I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would．The night before the final，I even 30 myself to a movie．The next day I decided for once I’d have 31 with a test．
A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A．I hurried into Professor Jayne’s office．He 32 to be expecting me．“If I gave you the As you 33 ，you wouldn’t continue to work as hard.”
I stared at him， 34 that his analysis and strategy (策略) were correct．I had worked my head 35 ，as I had never done before．
I was speechless when my course grade arrived：A-plus．It was the only A-plus given．The next year I received my scholarship．I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson：you alone must set your own standard of excellence．
16．A．take B．discuss C．cover D．get
17．A．sought B．presented C．exchanged D．obtained
18．A．shocked B．worried C．scared D．obtained
19．A．but B．so C．for D．or
20．A．unchanged B．unpleasant C．unfriendly D．unmoved
21．A．reflected B．meant C．improved D．affected
22．A．quarreled B．reasoned C．bargained D．chatted
23．A．attitude B．mind C．plan D．view
24．A．choice B．step C．chance D．measure
25．A．memorized B．considered C．accepted D．learned
26．A．ambition B．confidence C．effort D．method
27．A．stayed B．went C．worked D．changed
28．A．grade B．answer C．lesson D．comment
29．A．scholarship B．course C．degree D．subject
30．A．helped B．favored C．treated D．relaxed
31．A．fun B．luck C．problems D．tricks
32．A．happened B．proved C．pretended D．seemed
33．A．valued B．imagined C．expected D．welcomed
34．A．remembering B．guessing C．supposing D．realizing
35．A．out B．over C．on D．off
三、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每一小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
On a cold evening of April our ship was sailing for Ireland．Suddenly a violent storm rose and overturned our ship．Fortunately I held a plank and was washed up on an island．
It was pitch-dark．On reaching the island. I felt for a smooth place to lie down．Quite exhausted I slept for a long time．I woke up with a start (惊跳) when I was dazzled by glaring sunlight．How I felt hungry and thirsty! The island with its beautiful landscape at dawn appeared before my eyes．
I began to explore the island, It was an uninhabited island surrounded by giant trees．Yellow fruit swinging in the fresh morning breeze made me feel hungry．I tasted one．How sweet and delicious it was! I ate greedily a lot then I lay down comfortably on a patch of soft grass．Around me were fragrance(芳香) and twittering of birds．Pricking up my ears，I heard a stream flowing somewhere．I sprang up and cast a glance around．There，far away，on the right，a waterfall was falling down the mountainside．I rushed towards it．Stooping down I swallowed the water．In the afternoon when I was wandering around the island．I happened to find out a cave hidden behind the thick forest．It was convenient for me to turn it into lodging(住房) and bed for the night．
Day in day out，nearly two weeks passed by．My food was mere fruit and some fish and lobsters(龙虾) caught from the stream．Sometimes I tried to hunt some wild animals but in vain．Had I been equipped with necessary things，I would have enjoyed remaining here for food．
One morning I caught sight of a boat on the horizon．I signaled and shouted out loudly．I was rescued but so far I have had the memories of a fairy land which I had once happened to discover!
36．After the author was washed onto the island, what he wanted to do most was to _______．
A．find a passing ship
B．get something to eat
C．take a good rest
D．make it clear where it was
37．The underlined part “uninhabited island” means “_______”．
A．a deserted island
B．an island without humans living on
C．an island no humans have visited
D．an island with fresh air and forest
38．What does this passage specially describe?
A．How the author spent the two weeks on the island．
B．The author’s experience of the first night and the first day on the island．
C．How the author got to the island．
D．How the author escaped from the terrible deserted island．
39．The author wrote about his experience with a ______ tone．
A．light-hearted B．serious C．humorous D．scared
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
(1)
The story is about 1 Sam felt about his first boarding school life.
__2 a child, he never left his parents, so he didn’t get used to 3 (deal) with everything in school independently.
Once I had a similar experience. I finished my junior middle school in a boarding school. At the age of 13, I 4 dealt with the daily things, such as washing clothes, taking care of money etc, __5 I felt lonely because I hardly knew any people. At first, I could not get on well with my classmates and I always looked forward to 6 (be) on holiday to meet my parents. I could not concentrate on my subjects. As time went by, I gradually adapted 7 (me) to the school life. I made several friends with our classmates and often took part in the activities, in which I improved my communicating skills. As I had a lot of interesting things to do, I 8 enjoyed my school life.
Now, 9 I think of my first boarding school life, I think 10 instructive and unforgettable.
(2)
Last week, our class was 1 duty in the cafeteria for student self-management. On the first day, I 2 (shock) to see so much leftover food thrown away by students. What a waste! Being concerned about it, my classmates and I had a 3 (heat) discussion on how 4__ (solve) the problem. Lots of good ideas came up, such as holding class meetings, putting up wall newspapers and charging a fine for wasting food. Finally, we all agreed that wall newspaper would be 5 (good) choice.
The next day, we put our idea into reality. Towards lunch time, we put up a wall newspaper outside the school cafeteria, 6 (call) on students not to waste food. Many students gathered around to read and 7 (express) their support. To my great delight, there were changes soon. In the cafeteria, I found the trays returned after lunch all empty 8 any leftover. Food 9 (save) and the dining hall was cleaner. Seeing this, I felt relieved and proud of __10 we had done.
五、书面表达
最近，你对班里60名同学（男女各半）进行了关于上网目的的调查（survey）。以下是此次调查的结果：
上网目的
男生（30）
女生（30）
看新闻
25%
17%
发电子邮件
20%
15%
聊天
10%
40%
学习
10%
10%
玩游戏
35%
18%
请根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：
1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；
2. 男女生上网时在最感兴趣的事情方面有何不同；
3. “看新闻”在男女生上网目的中的排序差异；
4. 男女生在以“学习”为上网目的方面的共同点；
5. 你自己的上网目的及理由。
【写作要求】
1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容； 2. 把5个句子组成连贯的短文。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. A。as a result 因此；on the other hand 另一方面；above all 首要的是；however 然而。此处为因果关系，所以选A。句意：他滑倒了并摔断了腿，因此，他将不得不离开学校两三个月。
2. B。nature表示“自然”时，前面不加任何冠词。natural是形容词。
3. D。考查固定搭配。protect...from意为“保护……不受伤害”；prevent...from意为“阻止……做某事”。
4. D。句意：成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝 (extinction)。protect/ preserve sb. / sth. from sth. 保护……以免……。
5. A。in a friendly atmosphere 表示“在友好的气氛中”。 state 状态；situation 情况；
phenomenon 现象。
6. A。句意：药品价格的增长导致了医疗方面费用的提高。contribute to 促成，捐献给；bring up教育, 培养, 提出；burst into 突然进入（某种状态）；result from 由……引起的。
7. C。public awareness意为“公众意识”，其他不符题意。direction 方向；contribution 贡献；
loneliness 孤独。
8. B。beyond one’s control超过某人的控制(不是某人能控制的)。句意：在那个时候，最让张艺谋担心的是天气，我们都很清楚地知道这并不是我们任何人能控制的。
9. C。in a word总之；at last最后；in fact实际上；as a result结果。由句意知前后句之间没有因果关系，故选C项。
10. A。表示“大部分”可以用the majority of ...或者most of the ...
11. A。考查副词辨析。句意：房租很合理, 而且位置也很好。moreover“此外, 而且”; therefore“因此”; meanwhile“然而”; otherwise“否则”。只有A项符合句意。
12. B。conversation“对话”；consequence“结果”；conscience“良知”，均不合题意。只有conservation“保护”符合句意。句意为“当今，越来越多的人意识到了保护野生动物的重要性”。
13. C。句意：我们坚信战争解决不了任何问题，它只能导致暴力。run into“撞到，偶遇”； come from“来自”；lead to“导致，通往”；begin with “以……开始”。
14. A。句意：造纸术起源于中国，从中国传播到北非和欧洲。grow (grew) 成长；carry 携带；develop 发展。spread意为“传播”，过去时和过去分词与原形一致，符合句意。
15. C。根据下文“他不得不缩短准备得很好的演讲稿”可知，他需要“提前”完成他的演讲，所以选C。in short/ in brief 简而言之，一句话；in detail 详细的。
二、完形填空
16．A。“我”在中学的学习成绩都是“全优”：“我”想“我”可以学比较难的课程，真正学点东西。take a subject/ course表示“攻读某课程”。
17．B。“我”特别喜欢教世界文学课的Jayne教授在课堂上给“我们”陈述的那些观点。本题用动词present表示“陈述，呈现(观点、计划等)”。
18．A。“我”对自己的能力很自信，对老师的课也很感兴趣，可是考试结果是77分，C+，这让“我”觉得诧异。
19．C。本题选C表示原因，正因为英语是“我”(学得)最好的科目，所以得了C+让“我”觉得惊讶，并由此去找教授评理。
20．D。教授只听“我”理论，没有说话。这里用(but remained)unmoved表示教授听了“我”的辩解却无动于衷。unmoved表示“没有被打动”。
21．B。教授不为“我”所动，没办法，“我”只能更努力地学习。但“我”也不知道更努力地学习“意味着”什么，因为“我”的学习成绩一直都很好，学习很顺利。
22．B。更努力地学习的结果是第二次考试的结果还是77分，于是“我”再次去找教授理论。这里用reason与上文的argument相呼应，表示作者对自己这么低的考试分数不服气，与教授理论。
23．B。第一次找教授的时候，他无动于衷，这次还是一样，他不愿意改变初衷，不愿意改动“我”的分数。
24．C。期末考试前还有一次考试，这是“我”提高考试分数的又一次“机会”。
25．D。“我”再次加倍努力学习，并且第一次充分明白了什么叫“彻底”地学习。
26．C。可是“我”所付出的这一切努力都没有任何作用。这里用effort指前面提到的“我”一次次加倍努力学习。
27．B。这里表示一切照旧，但不能用系动词，因为句中没有表语，用不及物动词go表示“进展、发生”。
28．A。无论期末考试结果如何，这都改变不了一个事实：“我”已经得了三个77分。三个C+了。
29．A。学习成绩不优秀，拿奖学金是没有指望的了。这里不是说和课程、学位告别，而是连续得了三个C+使“我”拿不到奖学金了。
30．C。期末考试的前夜，“我”甚至放纵自己去看电影了。treat表示“招待，款待”。
31．A。“我”开始放弃学业了，在考试的前一天晚上去看电影，第二天，“我”就决心把考试当作好玩的游戏了。
32．D。前面几次考试后“我”都去找他理论．这次他似乎也早就在期待“我”的到来了。
33．C。此处意为“假如前几次考试我遂你的心愿，每次都给你A，你就不会继续努力学习了”。
34．D。“我”意识到他的这些分析与学习策略是对的。
35．D。本题用动词短语work off表示“(通过无礼的方式等)发泄(怒气、沮丧之情)”。work on继续工作，忙于；work out 设计出，做出；work over检查，研究。
三、阅读理解
36．C。第二段第二句“一到达岛上，我就找了个平坦的地方躺下了。”，第三句“我筋疲力尽，睡了很久。”可见他非常疲倦，当时最想做的就是好好休息一下。
37．B。根据本段可知，岛上所能见到的只有树木、花鸟、野兽等，本句后面也说“(该岛)被大树包围”，由此不难推知，其含义是“无人居住的荒岛”。
38．B。前三段作者着力描述了船被掀翻后的那个夜晚和第二天他在岛上的经历。而对后来度过的两周只是一笔带过，没有详细描写。
39．A。根据第二段的最后一句、第三段的第五至八句和最后一句、第四段最后一句以及最后一段最后一句，可以看出，作者在谈到这次历险时，语气是很轻松的。
四、语法填空
(1)
1. what。what引导宾语从句，既在从句中作宾语，也引导从句作about的宾语。what意为“……的东西”。
2.As。as意思是“当……时候”，相当于when he was a child。
3.dealing。get used to意思是“习惯于”，to是介词，后接动词-ing形式。
4.never。从上文的similar和对Sam的描述可知“I”13岁开始住校时应该没有处理过日常的洗衣服等事情。
5.especially。下文进一步说明“我”的不适应的情况----我的孤独，所以要填especially。
6.being。look forward to后接动词-ing形式，所以填being。
7.myself。因为主语是I，宾语要用反身代词。adapt oneself to 使自己适应。
8.finally。finally 终于，最后。
9.whenever/when。用whenever或when引导时间状语从句，表示“无论何时”或“当……时候”。
10 .it。指代前面提到的“my first boarding school life”，避免重复。
(2)
1. on。be on duty 在值班。
2. was shocked。shock意思是“使……震惊”，其过去分词表示人的感觉，意为“感到震惊的”。
3. heated。heated是形容词，意思为“热烈的”，此句中修饰discussion。
4. to solve。此句中“疑问词+不定式”结构，作介词on的宾语。
5. the best。从上文such as后可知，有三个或三个以上的想法，所以选“最好的”，用good的最高级。
6. calling。要填的call及其后内容是a wall newspaper的非限制性定语，补充说明其内容，墙报号召学生不浪费粮食，是主动关系，所以用call的动词-ing形式。
7. expressed。与上文gathered并列，一起做谓语，所以用一般过去时。
8. without。从空前empty可知没有剩饭菜，且作状语，所以用without。
9. was saved。“食物”是“被节省”的，所以用save的被动语态。
10.what。what引导宾语从句，作of的宾语，what意思为“……的东西”。
五、书面表达
Recently, I’ve conducted a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class on their purposes of surfing the Internet. According to the survey, the girls’ favourite is chatting, while what the boys like to do most is playing computer games. As the data shows, reading news online ranks the second for boys, but the third for girls. However, only 10% of the boys use the Internet for study, and so do the girls. As for myself, I often go online to search some information useful for my study, because I think we should make the best use of it and learn more knowledge.
语言积累
交际用语
提供论据（Justifying arguments）
That’s why I’m thinking of joining one of those conservation programmes to save an endangered animal.
那就是为什么我正在考虑加入一个拯救濒危动物的计划。
The government is trying to enforce the law so that they are protected.
政府正在设法实施这项法律以便于它们得到保护。
I mean, basically, that’s the problem.
我的意思是，本质上，那就是问题所在。
That’s the reason why they are killed.
那就是它们被杀的理由。
提出论点（Giving opinion）
I’m not sure. I haven’t thought about it much.
我不确定，我还没怎么考虑此事。
What I don’t understand is why...
我不懂的是为什么……
What we should do is...
我们应该做的是……
I think we should set up an education programme. The main reason for this is that...
我想我们应该设立一个教育计划，主要原因是……
That’s a good idea. To save the ... we need to ...
是个好主意。为了拯救……，我们需要……
话题语句（1）
有关环境问题的词汇：
greenhouse gases 温室气体 Greenhouse effect 温室效应
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 water vapor 水蒸汽
the sea level 海平面 atmosphere 大气层，气氛
ecological system=ecosystem生态系统 the ecology of the sea 海洋生态
Human activities causing global warming 引起地球变暖的人类行为
industry 工业 agriculture 农业 transportation 交通
deforestation 采伐森林 burning of fuels 燃料的燃烧
environmentally-friendly 有利于环境的 environmental protection 环境保护
environment-friendly products环保产品
dispose of 将……处理掉 burn/ bury 燃烧/ 填埋
plastic bags塑料袋 drinking cans饮料罐
renewable/ non-renewable 可/不可再生的
Natural disaster 自然灾害
drought 干旱 flood 洪水
famine 饥荒 forest fire 森林大火
the spread of diseases 疾病的蔓延 the disappearance of species 物种的消失
acid rain酸雨 hurricane 飓风
tornado龙卷风 typhoon台风
tsunami 海啸 earthquake 地震
landslide滑坡 mudslide泥石流
snow slide 雪崩 severe storm 大风暴/大暴雨
Endangered species 濒危物种
giant panda 大熊猫 Yangtze dolphin 白暨豚 crested ibis 朱鹮
snow leopard 雪豹 tiger 虎 Yangtze alligator 扬子鳄
tortoise 乌龟 Tibetan antelope 藏羚羊
habitat 栖息地 nature reserve自然保护区 conservation 保护，节约
extinct 灭绝的 preserve 保护，维持
话题语句（2）
表示“为环保做贡献”的语句
have a responsibility to do sth. 有责任做某事
take action/ take measures to do sth. 采取行动(做某事)
play one’s part 参与、起作用
As individuals, we can make small changes like taking public transport, recycling…
作为个人，我们可以做些小的改变，像乘坐公共交通工具、回收利用……
using low-flow shower heads 使用低流量淋浴头
buying energy-efficient light bulbs 买节能灯泡
installing soundproof windows安装隔音窗户
Energy lights our cities/ heats our buildings/ entertains us.
能源用于城市照明/ 楼房取暖/ 娱乐（watching TV; playing computer）。
Wind will never run out while coal is a limited source.
风取之不尽，而煤是有限的资源。
It’s OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it — if not, turn it off! 在使用电器设备时你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉。
So if you are not using the lights, the TV, the computer, and so on, turn them off.
因此，你如果不用电灯、电视、电脑等时，要把它们关掉。
If you are cold, put on more clothes instead of turning up the heat.
如果你觉得冷了，就多穿点衣服，而不是把暖气开大。
Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags and newspapers if circumstances allow you to.
若情况允许，把罐头盒、瓶子、塑料袋和报纸回收利用起来。
Buy things that are economical with energy — this includes cars as well as smaller things like fridges and microwaves.
买那些节约能源的产品，包括汽车和像冰箱、微波炉之类的小件物品。
Trees absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh your spirit.
树能吸收空气中的二氧化碳，使你感觉清爽。
Arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.
提高公众的环保意识
话题词句（3）
Deadliest Effects of Global Warming 全球变暖的致命的影响
1. Polar ice caps melting 极地冰帽开始融化
First, it will raise sea levels, which could displace millions of people. Second, melting ice caps will throw the global ecosystem out of balance. The ice caps are fresh water, and when they melt they will make the ocean less salty. The desalinization of the Gulf current will “screw up” ocean currents, which regulate temperatures. Third, temperature rises and changing landscapes in the Arctic Circle will endanger several species of animals. Only the most adaptable will survive.
注：displace使背井离乡 ecosystem生态系统 desalinization减少盐分
current 洋流 screw up搅乱 regulate 调节
2. Widespread extinction of species 广泛的物种灭绝
It is reported that 75 species are extinct every day, and 3 every hour. The loss and degradation of their habitat is the central cause of their endangerment. Pollution, poaching and the growing effects of climate change are also threats that wildlife face every day. And because we can’t exist without a diverse population of species on Earth, this is scary news for humans.
注：extinct 绝种的 degradation 降级，堕落 habitat 栖息地
poach 偷猎 diverse 多种多样的
3. Natural disasters will take place frequently. 自然灾害频发。
Global warming will significantly increase the intensity of the most extreme storms worldwide. The?storms such as hurricanes and cyclones are increasing. Flooding represents one of the most dangerous hazards to human settlements and is one of the most potentially momentous impacts of global warming. Melting glaciations can cause more frequent and more dangerous episodes of earthquakes and volcanic activities.
注：intensity 剧烈（程度） hurricane飓风 cyclone龙卷风
hazard 危险，公害 momentous 严重的 glaciation 冰河作用
4. Increased probability and intensity of droughts and heat waves 干旱和热浪的发生和激烈程度增加
Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and heat waves. Africa will receive the worst of it, with more severe droughts also expected in Europe. Water is already dangerously rare in Africa, and global warming could lead to conflicts and war.
5. More outbreaks of deadly diseases 致命疾病的更多的爆发
Climate greatly influences some of the most deadly and widespread diseases currently affecting millions of people across the world. With disease-bearing insects such as mosquitoes able to multiply in staggering numbers thanks to even small rises in temperature, global warming looks set to facilitate the spread of diseases like Malaria.
注：staggering 难以置信的 set to do 开始努力做 facilitate 使容易，推动
Malaria 疟疾 set adj. 固定的,坚决的,事先做好的■
话题语句（4）
有用的句子-----试试你会了吗？
1. 因为温室效应，困在大气层中的气体使地球的气温上升。
_______ the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases ________.
2. 人口过多对海洋生态是有害的。
Overpopulation _________ the ecology of the sea.
3. 在过去的几十年里，科学家一致认为，人类正在造成地球气候的变化——这是一种原来被认为是超出我们控制能力的现象。
In the last few _______, scientists have __________ and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate—something ______ seen as _________.
4. 展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖是二十一世纪面对的最大的环境问题之一。
_________, scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest ______ problems _____ the 21st century.
5. 严重的疾病将会四处扩散，依赖大自然的产业如渔业将会受到不好的影响。
Serious diseases will _______ and industries that _______ nature such as fishing will be badly ______.
6. 如果我们把全世界每个人所做的这些小的改变加起来，那将不会是很小的变化。
If we ________ all these small changes ______ by everyone ______, they won’t be such small changes.
7. 政府正在极力实施法律来保护他们（濒危动物）。
The government is trying to ______ the law ______ they are protected.
8. 大自然正在报复我们。
Nature is _______ us.
9. ……大量的不断增多的飓风袭击美国和中美洲。
..., with a ______ number of hurricanes ______ the US, and Central America.
10. 因为这些自然灾害不定时地发生，因此很难提前警告人们。
Because these ______ disasters _______________, it is difficult to warn people ______.
参考答案：
1. Because of; trapped in the atmosphere
2. is harmful to (对……是有害的)
3. decades; reached consensus; previously; beyond our control
4. Looking ahead; environmental; facing（face意为“面临”，主语多是表示“困难、危机”等词，宾语多是要面对这些的“人”等）
5. spread; rely on; affected
6. add up (加起来)；made; worldwide
7. enforce (实施); so that
8. turning on (turn on 对……发怒，袭击，打开<收音机等>）
9. growing；hitting
10. natural; occur at random times; in advance
写作运用
写报告（Writing a Report）
报告一般是针对某一现象、某一事件或某一问题进行调查，并根据所收集的信息，对某种现象进行分析并表达自己看法的书面表达形式，考查时常以图表方式来呈现信息。
报告的组成
1. 说明报告的目的和背景信息。
常用句型：
The aim of this report is to...
This report aims to ...
2. 陈述负面信息。
常用句型：
There are several disappointing facts and figures.
There are...
Only twenty percent of ...
3. 陈述正面信息。
常用句型：
On the other hand, there were some encouraging things.
Some people...
The majority...
4. 给出自己的观点和建议：给出一个简单的结论或做出一些推荐。
常用句型：
To sum up, most people are...
Governments should...
People need to...
几点注意
1. 报告的语言通常较正式，避免给出过于个人化的观点。对比下面句子：
( I think children are treated unfairly. (过于个人化)
( This suggests children are treated unfairly. (更客观)
2. 使用正式的连接词语。对比下面句子：
( If you look at the figures, lots of animals are in danger of extinction.
( According to recent figures, many animals are in danger of extinction. (更正式)
3. 尽量避免用词重复，使用不同的词语表达一个意思。如：
in fact ---- as a matter of fact 事实上 go up ---- rise 上升
result in ---- lead to 导致 all in all ---- generally speaking 总而言之
regulation ---- rule 规则 current ---- present 现在的，目前的
appropriate ---- suitable, proper 合适的 all over the world ---- worldwide 全世界
urban areas ---- city 城市 optimistic ---- hopeful 乐观的，有希望的
常用连接词
1. 列举要点：
also 也，furthermore 而且，in addition 另外，moreover 再者
2. 对比观点：
however 但是，on the other hand 在另一方面，although 虽然，despite 尽管
3. 举例说明：
for example 例如，in this way 这样，such as 诸如，particularly 特别是，especially 尤其
4. 呈现结果：as a result of 作为结果，What this means is… 意思是……
5. 呈现结论：To sum up 总之，All things considered 全面考虑
写作范文
Example 1
根据以下信息写一篇报告
据报道，到2025年世界上将有30%的人没有足够的水饮用。水资源短缺已引起人们的广泛关注。请结合下表要点，写一篇关于“Water Shortage”的报告。
严重后果
解决办法
你的观点
1. 饮用水不足，引起健康问题；
2. 影响发展中国家的经济发展；
3. 可能引起国际纷争。
1. 节约用水，重复使用；
2. 充分利用海水；
3. 控制人口增长。
……
注意：
1.词数：120左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
参考词汇：水资源water resources
参考范文：
Water Shortage
It is reported that about thirty percent of the world’s people may not have enough water to drink by the year 2025. We can’t imagine how life will become without water. Perhaps the earth we live on would be a dead one. So water shortage has caused wide public concern.
Lack of water in the future may result in several problems. Firstly, with drinking water becoming less and less, health problems may go up. Secondly, it will also affect the ability of developing countries to improve their economics. Worse still, it may lead to international conflicts.
Fortunately, people have realized this problem and are trying to find ways to solve it. One way is to tell people to be careful not to waste water and develop ways to recycle it. Another way is to make full use of seawater by getting rid of salt. However, the most important and long-term solution is to control the growth of population.
Personally, I think it’s high time we took active and effective measures to protect water resource. Only by doing this can we expect to solve the serious water problem in the future.
Example 2
下图描述的是全球环境问题。请仔细观察这幅漫画，用英语写一篇短文，阐明漫画中所反映的问题，并提出解决此问题的方法(至少三点)。
/
注意：
1．仔细品味图中文字的韵味，可以适当发挥想象，不要做简单描述；
2．词数120左右。
参考范文
From the picture, we can see that pollution is posing a threat to our earth, which comes in many ways. Millions of chimneys of the factories are pouring heavy smoke into air, which causes serious air pollution. A large amount of waste water from the factories pollutes water, making our rivers fishless and our water unfit to drink and swim in. Furthermore, a lot of trees have been cut down without proper plans, which contributes to the soil being washed away. It seems that we really have no clean place to live in.
The pollution is so serious that we have to find effective solutions to it. As far as I am concerned, the government should make laws to reduce polluted air. Some measures should be taken to purify the water before it is poured into the rivers or the seas. We should plant more trees to keep the soil in place. What’s more, people should be further educated to realize the importance of environmental protection. Thus, we will have a clean and tidy environment.
Example 3
请根据下面的提示，用英语写一篇短文，描述全球近五十年来的气候变化，并分析其产生的主要原因、影响及解决措施。
原因
1）过多使用矿物燃料；
2）过度砍伐森林。
影响
1）海平面上升；
2）极端天气现象增加；
3）自然平衡被破坏。
措施
1）控制二氧化碳排放；
2）采用新型能源。
Average temperature in fifty years
/
参考范文：
The diagram shows the weather changes in the global climate. It tells us that the global average temperature has increased by 0.8℃ from 17℃ in 1951 to 17.8℃ in 2001. Thus, we can come to a conclusion that our earth is getting warmer and warmer.
As far as we know, global warming is due to human activities. Firstly, the use of fossil fuels by industry releases greenhouse gases. Moreover, cutting down forests means that less carbon dioxide can be changed back into oxygen. As a consequence of global warming, the sea level is rising. And people are suffering more extreme weather. The increase in temperature is also causing much damage to the balance of nature.
It’s high time that we should take measures to protect our earth. Not only can we control the releasing of carbon dioxide, but also we can be encouraged to use energy, such as solar energy.
In a word, only in this way can we make our earth a better place for our human beings.
巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. He slipped and broke his leg. ________, he’ll have to be away from school for two or three months.
A. As a result B. On the other hand C. Above all D. However
2. Keeping the balance of ________ is important for environment, so we should pay attention to it.
A. the nature B. nature C. natural D. a nature
3. Dark glasses are sometimes worn to ________ the eyes from strong sunlight.
A．prevent B．care C．defend D．protect
4. The society was set up to _________ endangered species from extinction.
A. protect B. preserve C. produce D. both A and B
5. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly______.
A. atmosphere B. state C. situation D. phenomenon
6. An increase in the price of drugs has _____ the rising cost of medical care.
A. contributed to B. brought up C. burst into D. resulted from
7. The event has not only increased public ________ of world hunger，but raised a lot of money for the poor children.
A．direction B．contribution C．awareness D．loneliness
8. At that time, what worried Zhang Yimou most was the weather, which we all know is evidently ________ anyone’s control.
A. above B. beyond C. under D. over
9. They told me it would be cheap but ________ it cost me nearly $500.
A. in a word B. at last C. in fact D. as a result
10. ________ of Beijing’s hutongs were built between the 13th and 19th centuries during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties.
A. The majority B. The most C. Majority D. The major
11. The rent is reasonable and, ________, the location is perfect.
A. moreover B. therefore C. meanwhile D. otherwise
12. Nowadays more and more people realize the importance of wildlife ________.
A. conversation B. conservation C. consequence D. conscience
13. We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only ________ violence.
A. runs into B. comes from C. leads to D. begins with
14. Paper-making began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe.
A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed
15. He was told to finish his speech_______; accordingly, he had to shorten his well-prepared speech.
A. in short B. in brief C. in advance D. in detail
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从下面各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
When I entered Berkeley, I hoped to earn a scholarship．Having been a Straight-A student，I believed I could 16 tough subjects and really learn something．One such course was World Literature given by Professor Jayne．I was extremely interested in the ideas he 17 in class．
When I took the first exam，I was 18 to find a 77，C-plus，on my test paper， 19 English was my best subject．I went to Professor Jayne，who listened to my arguments but remained 20 ．
I decided to try harder, although I didn’t know what that 21 ! Because school had always been easy for me, I read the books more carefully，but got another 77．Again I 22 with Professor Jayne．Again，he listened patiently but wouldn’t change his 23 ．
One more test before the final exam．One more 24 to improve my grade．So I redoubled my efforts and，for the first time， 25 the meaning of the word “thorough”．But my 26 did no good and everything 27 as before．
The last hurdle(障碍) was the final．No matter what 28 I got，it wouldn’t cancel three C-pluses．I might as well kiss the 29 goodbye．
I stopped working hard．I felt I knew the course material as well as I ever would．The night before the final，I even 30 myself to a movie．The next day I decided for once I’d have 31 with a test．
A week later, I was surprised to find I got an A．I hurried into Professor Jayne’s office．He 32 to be expecting me．“If I gave you the As you 33 ，you wouldn’t continue to work as hard.”
I stared at him， 34 that his analysis and strategy (策略) were correct．I had worked my head 35 ，as I had never done before．
I was speechless when my course grade arrived：A-plus．It was the only A-plus given．The next year I received my scholarship．I’ve always remembered Professor Jayne’s lesson：you alone must set your own standard of excellence．
16．A．take B．discuss C．cover D．get
17．A．sought B．presented C．exchanged D．obtained
18．A．shocked B．worried C．scared D．obtained
19．A．but B．so C．for D．or
20．A．unchanged B．unpleasant C．unfriendly D．unmoved
21．A．reflected B．meant C．improved D．affected
22．A．quarreled B．reasoned C．bargained D．chatted
23．A．attitude B．mind C．plan D．view
24．A．choice B．step C．chance D．measure
25．A．memorized B．considered C．accepted D．learned
26．A．ambition B．confidence C．effort D．method
27．A．stayed B．went C．worked D．changed
28．A．grade B．answer C．lesson D．comment
29．A．scholarship B．course C．degree D．subject
30．A．helped B．favored C．treated D．relaxed
31．A．fun B．luck C．problems D．tricks
32．A．happened B．proved C．pretended D．seemed
33．A．valued B．imagined C．expected D．welcomed
34．A．remembering B．guessing C．supposing D．realizing
35．A．out B．over C．on D．off
三、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每一小题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
On a cold evening of April our ship was sailing for Ireland．Suddenly a violent storm rose and overturned our ship．Fortunately I held a plank and was washed up on an island．
It was pitch-dark．On reaching the island. I felt for a smooth place to lie down．Quite exhausted I slept for a long time．I woke up with a start (惊跳) when I was dazzled by glaring sunlight．How I felt hungry and thirsty! The island with its beautiful landscape at dawn appeared before my eyes．
I began to explore the island, It was an uninhabited island surrounded by giant trees．Yellow fruit swinging in the fresh morning breeze made me feel hungry．I tasted one．How sweet and delicious it was! I ate greedily a lot then I lay down comfortably on a patch of soft grass．Around me were fragrance(芳香) and twittering of birds．Pricking up my ears，I heard a stream flowing somewhere．I sprang up and cast a glance around．There，far away，on the right，a waterfall was falling down the mountainside．I rushed towards it．Stooping down I swallowed the water．In the afternoon when I was wandering around the island．I happened to find out a cave hidden behind the thick forest．It was convenient for me to turn it into lodging(住房) and bed for the night．
Day in day out，nearly two weeks passed by．My food was mere fruit and some fish and lobsters(龙虾) caught from the stream．Sometimes I tried to hunt some wild animals but in vain．Had I been equipped with necessary things，I would have enjoyed remaining here for food．
One morning I caught sight of a boat on the horizon．I signaled and shouted out loudly．I was rescued but so far I have had the memories of a fairy land which I had once happened to discover!
36．After the author was washed onto the island, what he wanted to do most was to _______．
A．find a passing ship
B．get something to eat
C．take a good rest
D．make it clear where it was
37．The underlined part “uninhabited island” means “_______”．
A．a deserted island
B．an island without humans living on
C．an island no humans have visited
D．an island with fresh air and forest
38．What does this passage specially describe?
A．How the author spent the two weeks on the island．
B．The author’s experience of the first night and the first day on the island．
C．How the author got to the island．
D．How the author escaped from the terrible deserted island．
39．The author wrote about his experience with a ______ tone．
A．light-hearted B．serious C．humorous D．scared
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在标有1～10的空格处填入适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
(1)
The story is about 1 Sam felt about his first boarding school life.
__2 a child, he never left his parents, so he didn’t get used to 3 (deal) with everything in school independently.
Once I had a similar experience. I finished my junior middle school in a boarding school. At the age of 13, I 4 dealt with the daily things, such as washing clothes, taking care of money etc, __5 I felt lonely because I hardly knew any people. At first, I could not get on well with my classmates and I always looked forward to 6 (be) on holiday to meet my parents. I could not concentrate on my subjects. As time went by, I gradually adapted 7 (me) to the school life. I made several friends with our classmates and often took part in the activities, in which I improved my communicating skills. As I had a lot of interesting things to do, I 8 enjoyed my school life.
Now, 9 I think of my first boarding school life, I think 10 instructive and unforgettable.
(2)
Last week, our class was 1 duty in the cafeteria for student self-management. On the first day, I 2 (shock) to see so much leftover food thrown away by students. What a waste! Being concerned about it, my classmates and I had a 3 (heat) discussion on how 4__ (solve) the problem. Lots of good ideas came up, such as holding class meetings, putting up wall newspapers and charging a fine for wasting food. Finally, we all agreed that wall newspaper would be 5 (good) choice.
The next day, we put our idea into reality. Towards lunch time, we put up a wall newspaper outside the school cafeteria, 6 (call) on students not to waste food. Many students gathered around to read and 7 (express) their support. To my great delight, there were changes soon. In the cafeteria, I found the trays returned after lunch all empty 8 any leftover. Food 9 (save) and the dining hall was cleaner. Seeing this, I felt relieved and proud of __10 we had done.
五、书面表达
最近，你对班里60名同学（男女各半）进行了关于上网目的的调查（survey）。以下是此次调查的结果：
上网目的
男生（30）
女生（30）
看新闻
25%
17%
发电子邮件
20%
15%
聊天
10%
40%
学习
10%
10%
玩游戏
35%
18%
请根据以上数据，写一篇短文，包括以下内容：
1. 调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象；
2. 男女生上网时在最感兴趣的事情方面有何不同；
3. “看新闻”在男女生上网目的中的排序差异；
4. 男女生在以“学习”为上网目的方面的共同点；
5. 你自己的上网目的及理由。
【写作要求】
1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容； 2. 把5个句子组成连贯的短文。
答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. A。as a result 因此；on the other hand 另一方面；above all 首要的是；however 然而。此处为因果关系，所以选A。句意：他滑倒了并摔断了腿，因此，他将不得不离开学校两三个月。
2. B。nature表示“自然”时，前面不加任何冠词。natural是形容词。
3. D。考查固定搭配。protect...from意为“保护……不受伤害”；prevent...from意为“阻止……做某事”。
4. D。句意：成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝 (extinction)。protect/ preserve sb. / sth. from sth. 保护……以免……。
5. A。in a friendly atmosphere 表示“在友好的气氛中”。 state 状态；situation 情况；
phenomenon 现象。
6. A。句意：药品价格的增长导致了医疗方面费用的提高。contribute to 促成，捐献给；bring up教育, 培养, 提出；burst into 突然进入（某种状态）；result from 由……引起的。
7. C。public awareness意为“公众意识”，其他不符题意。direction 方向；contribution 贡献；
loneliness 孤独。
8. B。beyond one’s control超过某人的控制(不是某人能控制的)。句意：在那个时候，最让张艺谋担心的是天气，我们都很清楚地知道这并不是我们任何人能控制的。
9. C。in a word总之；at last最后；in fact实际上；as a result结果。由句意知前后句之间没有因果关系，故选C项。
10. A。表示“大部分”可以用the majority of ...或者most of the ...
11. A。考查副词辨析。句意：房租很合理, 而且位置也很好。moreover“此外, 而且”; therefore“因此”; meanwhile“然而”; otherwise“否则”。只有A项符合句意。
12. B。conversation“对话”；consequence“结果”；conscience“良知”，均不合题意。只有conservation“保护”符合句意。句意为“当今，越来越多的人意识到了保护野生动物的重要性”。
13. C。句意：我们坚信战争解决不了任何问题，它只能导致暴力。run into“撞到，偶遇”； come from“来自”；lead to“导致，通往”；begin with “以……开始”。
14. A。句意：造纸术起源于中国，从中国传播到北非和欧洲。grow (grew) 成长；carry 携带；develop 发展。spread意为“传播”，过去时和过去分词与原形一致，符合句意。
15. C。根据下文“他不得不缩短准备得很好的演讲稿”可知，他需要“提前”完成他的演讲，所以选C。in short/ in brief 简而言之，一句话；in detail 详细的。
二、完形填空
16．A。“我”在中学的学习成绩都是“全优”：“我”想“我”可以学比较难的课程，真正学点东西。take a subject/ course表示“攻读某课程”。
17．B。“我”特别喜欢教世界文学课的Jayne教授在课堂上给“我们”陈述的那些观点。本题用动词present表示“陈述，呈现(观点、计划等)”。
18．A。“我”对自己的能力很自信，对老师的课也很感兴趣，可是考试结果是77分，C+，这让“我”觉得诧异。
19．C。本题选C表示原因，正因为英语是“我”(学得)最好的科目，所以得了C+让“我”觉得惊讶，并由此去找教授评理。
20．D。教授只听“我”理论，没有说话。这里用(but remained)unmoved表示教授听了“我”的辩解却无动于衷。unmoved表示“没有被打动”。
21．B。教授不为“我”所动，没办法，“我”只能更努力地学习。但“我”也不知道更努力地学习“意味着”什么，因为“我”的学习成绩一直都很好，学习很顺利。
22．B。更努力地学习的结果是第二次考试的结果还是77分，于是“我”再次去找教授理论。这里用reason与上文的argument相呼应，表示作者对自己这么低的考试分数不服气，与教授理论。
23．B。第一次找教授的时候，他无动于衷，这次还是一样，他不愿意改变初衷，不愿意改动“我”的分数。
24．C。期末考试前还有一次考试，这是“我”提高考试分数的又一次“机会”。
25．D。“我”再次加倍努力学习，并且第一次充分明白了什么叫“彻底”地学习。
26．C。可是“我”所付出的这一切努力都没有任何作用。这里用effort指前面提到的“我”一次次加倍努力学习。
27．B。这里表示一切照旧，但不能用系动词，因为句中没有表语，用不及物动词go表示“进展、发生”。
28．A。无论期末考试结果如何，这都改变不了一个事实：“我”已经得了三个77分。三个C+了。
29．A。学习成绩不优秀，拿奖学金是没有指望的了。这里不是说和课程、学位告别，而是连续得了三个C+使“我”拿不到奖学金了。
30．C。期末考试的前夜，“我”甚至放纵自己去看电影了。treat表示“招待，款待”。
31．A。“我”开始放弃学业了，在考试的前一天晚上去看电影，第二天，“我”就决心把考试当作好玩的游戏了。
32．D。前面几次考试后“我”都去找他理论．这次他似乎也早就在期待“我”的到来了。
33．C。此处意为“假如前几次考试我遂你的心愿，每次都给你A，你就不会继续努力学习了”。
34．D。“我”意识到他的这些分析与学习策略是对的。
35．D。本题用动词短语work off表示“(通过无礼的方式等)发泄(怒气、沮丧之情)”。work on继续工作，忙于；work out 设计出，做出；work over检查，研究。
三、阅读理解
36．C。第二段第二句“一到达岛上，我就找了个平坦的地方躺下了。”，第三句“我筋疲力尽，睡了很久。”可见他非常疲倦，当时最想做的就是好好休息一下。
37．B。根据本段可知，岛上所能见到的只有树木、花鸟、野兽等，本句后面也说“(该岛)被大树包围”，由此不难推知，其含义是“无人居住的荒岛”。
38．B。前三段作者着力描述了船被掀翻后的那个夜晚和第二天他在岛上的经历。而对后来度过的两周只是一笔带过，没有详细描写。
39．A。根据第二段的最后一句、第三段的第五至八句和最后一句、第四段最后一句以及最后一段最后一句，可以看出，作者在谈到这次历险时，语气是很轻松的。
四、语法填空
(1)
1. what。what引导宾语从句，既在从句中作宾语，也引导从句作about的宾语。what意为“……的东西”。
2.As。as意思是“当……时候”，相当于when he was a child。
3.dealing。get used to意思是“习惯于”，to是介词，后接动词-ing形式。
4.never。从上文的similar和对Sam的描述可知“I”13岁开始住校时应该没有处理过日常的洗衣服等事情。
5.especially。下文进一步说明“我”的不适应的情况----我的孤独，所以要填especially。
6.being。look forward to后接动词-ing形式，所以填being。
7.myself。因为主语是I，宾语要用反身代词。adapt oneself to 使自己适应。
8.finally。finally 终于，最后。
9.whenever/when。用whenever或when引导时间状语从句，表示“无论何时”或“当……时候”。
10 .it。指代前面提到的“my first boarding school life”，避免重复。
(2)
1. on。be on duty 在值班。
2. was shocked。shock意思是“使……震惊”，其过去分词表示人的感觉，意为“感到震惊的”。
3. heated。heated是形容词，意思为“热烈的”，此句中修饰discussion。
4. to solve。此句中“疑问词+不定式”结构，作介词on的宾语。
5. the best。从上文such as后可知，有三个或三个以上的想法，所以选“最好的”，用good的最高级。
6. calling。要填的call及其后内容是a wall newspaper的非限制性定语，补充说明其内容，墙报号召学生不浪费粮食，是主动关系，所以用call的动词-ing形式。
7. expressed。与上文gathered并列，一起做谓语，所以用一般过去时。
8. without。从空前empty可知没有剩饭菜，且作状语，所以用without。
9. was saved。“食物”是“被节省”的，所以用save的被动语态。
10.what。what引导宾语从句，作of的宾语，what意思为“……的东西”。
五、书面表达
Recently, I’ve conducted a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class on their purposes of surfing the Internet. According to the survey, the girls’ favourite is chatting, while what the boys like to do most is playing computer games. As the data shows, reading news online ranks the second for boys, but the third for girls. However, only 10% of the boys use the Internet for study, and so do the girls. As for myself, I often go online to search some information useful for my study, because I think we should make the best use of it and learn more knowledge.