北师大版高中英语模块8 Unit 23 Conflict语言点（2）

Unit 23 Conflict 语言点（2）
学习目标
重点词汇
remark, distribute, consume, acquaintance, sponsor, strengthen, intend, draft
expense
重点短语
call on, look down on, keep one’s word, come about, in surprise, be fed up with, in peace, join up, bring sth. on sb., sort out
重点句型
the more ... the more ...
as well as
知识讲解
重点词汇
remark
【原句回放】One of their men，speaking in English，remarked that he had worked in England for some years... 他们当中有一人会说英语，他说他在英国工作过好几年……
【点拨】remark vt. & n. 说起，谈到；言论，评论
常用搭配：remark on/upon sth. 对……作出评论
make a remark on/upon sth. 对……作出评论
He remarked on the difference in security measures at the two airports.
他讲到两个机场安全措施的不同。
They made rude remarks about her appearance.
他们对她的外表横加粗暴的评论。
His casual remark triggered a political storm.
他的一句戏言引发一场政治风暴。
【拓展】remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的
distribute
【原句回放】Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed the lot. 贝尔给我们分发啤酒，我们都喝了。
【点拨】distribute vt. 分发，分配
常用搭配：distribute...over... 把……分配到……
distribute sth. to/ among... 把某物分给……
The farmers are distributing seeds over the field.
农民们正在田间播种。
The old man has distributed the magazines to the children.
老人已把杂志分给了孩子们。
【拓展】distribution n. 分配，分发；分布状态
The conference discussed the fair distribution of income and wealth.
会议讨论了公平分配收入和财富的问题。
consume
【原句回放】Bill distributed the beer among us and we consumed the lot. 贝尔给我们分发啤酒，我们都喝了。
【点拨】consume vt. 消耗，消费，大吃，大喝
His old car consumed much gasoline.
他的旧汽车耗油很多。
Arguing about details consumed many hours of the committee’s valuable time.
争论细节问题耗费了委员会数小时宝贵的时间。
She served chocolate ice-creams for the children to consume in the kitchen.
她拿巧克力冰激凌让孩子们在厨房里吃。
acquaintance
【原句回放】Me and an acquaintance were walking behind an English pub once，... 我和一个熟人曾在一个英式小酒吧的后面散步……
【点拨】acquaintance n. 相识的人；对某事物的了解
常见搭配：make one’s acquaintance /make the acquaintance of sb. 结识某人
have an acquaintance with 与……相识，了解
have no acquaintance with 不熟悉，不了解
I had little acquaintance with modern poetry. 我对现代诗所知甚少。
We are only casual acquaintances. 我们只是泛泛之交。
We made acquaintance the other day. 前几天我们结识了对方。
He is not a friend, only an acquaintance. 他不是朋友，只是一个熟人。
【拓展】acquaint vt. 使了解，使熟悉
acquainted adj. 熟悉的
sponsor
【原句回放】In your advertising you claim that you sponsor Lance Armstrong and... 在你们的广告中，你们声称你们赞助兰斯·阿姆斯特朗……
【点拨】sponsor vt. 担保，赞助；倡议；发起，主办
n. 赞助人；发起者，倡议人；保证人
She got a family friend in London to agree to be her sponsor.
她取得伦敦一位世交的同意做她的赞助人。
He sponsored the plan at the meeting.
他在会上倡议了这一计划。
The firm is sponsoring an engineering student at the university.
这家公司在资助一名工科在读大学生。
strengthen
【原句回放】...and that, by using the exercise bike for ten minutes a day, one would strengthen one’s body and lose at least two kilos a week. 并且说每天骑车10分钟不但能增强体质，还能在一周内至少减掉两公斤。
【点拨】strengthen v. 加强，变坚固
Her position in the company has strengthened in recent weeks.
她在公司的地位近几周已经得到了巩固。
The wind strengthened during the night.
夜里风力加强了。
Their attitude only strengthened his resolve to fight on.
他们的态度只是使他继续战斗的决心更强。
【拓展】词缀-en/en-：en是前缀，也是后缀，有“使……”之义，形容词或名词加上en，就变成了动词，如：
weak→weaken (减弱) wide→widen（加宽） fast（紧紧的）→fasten 系紧
sure→ensure（确保） large→enlarge（扩大） rich→enrich（使丰富）
courage→encourage（鼓励） joy→enjoy（喜欢） root→enroot（使扎根）
intend
【原句回放】Unless I receive a positive reply within the next three weeks，I intend to take further action. 除非在以后的三周之内我收到肯定的答复才会打算采取进一步行动。
【点拨】intend vt. & vi. 打算，计划，想要
常用搭配：intend to do 打算做
intend sb. to do 打算使某人做
be intended to do 意思是要做；是用来
be intended for 为……所用
The laws were intended to protect wildlife.
这些法律旨在保护野生动物。
I haven’t been to the exhibition; neither do I intend to go.
我还没有看展览会，我也不想去。
I intend him to do it at once.
我打算让他立刻着手做这事。
This book is intended for beginners.
这本书专为初学者而编。
draft
【原句回放】He helped me draft this letter and has copies of the guarantee and receipt. 他帮我起草了这份信并留有保修书和收据的复印件。
【点拨】draft n. 草稿，草案，草图
vt. 起草，草拟；选派，抽调
I’ve made a rough draft of the contract.
我已经写好这份合同的草稿。
They sat down and drafted a letter to the local newspaper.
他们坐下来, 给当地的报纸草拟了一封信。
A doctor is being drafted for the special task.
正在选拔一名医生去执行这项特殊任务。
expense
【原句回放】The film All Quiet On the Western Front was made in 1930 at huge expense with what was then an enormous budget of one and a quarter million dollars. 1930年，电影《西线无战事》的制作耗资巨大，125万美金是当时一笔庞大的预算。
【点拨】expense n. 费用；开支
常用搭配：spare no expense 不惜代价
at sb.’s expense 由某人付钱
The garden was transformed at great expense.
花园改建花了一大笔费用。
The students share all the household expenses.
学生们分担所有的日用开支。
He spared no expense to collect the paintings by Picasso.
他不惜花费巨资收藏毕加索的画。
We were taken out for a meal at the company’s expense.
公司出钱请我们外出就餐。
重点短语
call on
【原句回放】Well, this is when you call on somebody outside the situation, and they decide what should happen. 哦，就是你要求局外人介入，让他们来决定该怎么做。
【点拨】call on 要求，号召，访问（某人）
常用搭配：call on sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
The headmaster called on the students to work harder.
校长号召学生们更努力地学习。
I called on the doctor yesterday.
我昨天去拜访了医生。
I now call on the best man to make a speech.
我现在请伴郎讲几句话。
【拓展】call构成的短语
call after 依……名字而命名 call at 拜访（某处）
call back收回；取消，撤销；回忆；回电话 call by 顺路访问
call for 要求，呼吁 call off 取消；叫走；使转移
call out 大声喊叫；召集 call up 提醒；使忆起；打电话
look down on
【原句回放】To negotiate, first, you should never look down on the other person or act as if you’re 100% right and they’re 100% wrong. 要沟通，首先你绝不可以看不起对方，或表现出你百分之一百正确，而对方百分之一百错。
【点拨】look down on/ upon 看不起，轻视
You shouldn’t look down upon him just because he is a dustman.
你不应该因为他是个清洁工就轻视他。
Mr. Garcia looks down on anyone who hasn’t had a college education.
加西亚先生看不起任何没有受过大学教育的人。
【拓展】look构成的短语
look into 调查，向里看 look about 四处观看
look ahead 计划未来 look away 把脸转过去
look back 回顾过去 look over 检查
look on 旁观 look out 当心
look forward to 期待，盼望 look up to 尊敬
keep one’s word
【原句回放】And keep your word afterward. 随后你要遵守诺言。
【点拨】keep one’s word/ promise 遵守诺言
You must keep your word when you promise the children something.
当你允诺孩子以后，你必须履行你的诺言。
I can’t trust him any more because he did not keep his word.
我不能再信任他，因为他不信守诺言。
【拓展】word有关的短语
in other words 换句话说 in a/ one word 总之
have a word with sb. 同某人说句话 have words with sb. 同某人争吵
break one’s word/ promise 违背诺言
come about
【原句回放】If you agree to do something, then make sure it comes about. 如果你同意做什么事，一定要做。
【点拨】come about 发生，造成
Please tell me how the accident came about. I’m still in the dark.
请告诉我事故是怎样发生的，我还什么也不知道呢。
How did it come about that humans speak so many different languages?
人类怎么说这么多的不同语言，这是怎样产生的？ ?
【拓展1】辨析：come about, happen, occur与take place
1. come about强调“偶然发生”，多以似乎无法控制的方式发生，也可指差别、争论的产生。
2. happen指“偶然发生”，注意句型“sth. happen (to sb.)”，还有“碰巧”之意。
I happened to see him on my way home. 我碰巧在回家路上看到了他。
I wonder what happened to him yesterday. 不知道他昨天出了什么事。
3. occur正式用语，可指“偶然发生”，也指“计划中的发生”；还用于“occur to sb.”，表示“突然想起”。
It occurred to me that she didn’t know I had moved into the new house.
我突然想起她不知道我已经搬到新房子了。
4. take place表示“发生、举行、举办”，一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排。
The wedding will take place in St Peter’s Church.
婚礼将在圣彼得教堂举行。
【拓展2】含come的短语：
come across /upon（无意中）碰到，找到，想到，越过
come along 跟去，一道去，赶快，进展
come on 来吧，赶快
come out 出来，出版，发行
come over 顺便来访，过来
come to 来到（某地），共计，来参加（活动），谈到
come up with 想出，提出
in surprise
【原句回放】Then, in surprise he watched as the soldiers set up a machine gun. 接着，他吃惊地看到美国兵架起了一挺机关枪。
【点拨】in surprise 吃惊地
She looked up in surprise when I shouted.
我叫喊时，她吃惊地抬起头来看。
In surprise, he stood still, watching her walking off.
他站着一动不动，吃惊地注视着她走开。
【拓展】surprise构成的短语
to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是，出乎意料地
take...by surprise 使……吃惊，使……出其不意
be surprised at 对……感到惊奇
be surprised to do sth. 做某事感到惊讶
a surprising look 一个令人吃惊的表情
a surprised look 一个吃惊的表情
be fed up with
【原句回放】...and that he was fed up to the neck with this war and would be glad when it was over. ……他对这场讨厌的战争烦透了，如果战争结束他会感到高兴的。
【点拨】be/ get fed up with 厌烦，受够了
I’m fed up with this wet weather.
这么潮湿的天气，我都烦死了。
People got fed up with all these traffic jams.
人们对于交通堵塞都烦透了。
Mother will be a bit fed up that you didn’t telephone.
你不打电话，妈妈有点不高兴了。
【拓展】同义短语：be tired of，be bored with
【记忆提示】fed是feed（喂）的过去分词，被用（with）某物喂满了（be fed up）了，真是烦，更不用说都喂到脖子了（be fed up to the neck with），真是烦透了。
in peace
【原句回放】The officers came to an understanding that we would celebrate Christmas in peace until midnight. 军官们一致认为我们应和平地庆祝圣诞节直到午夜时分。
【点拨】in peace 和平地，安静地，不被打断地
In this country, different religions have lived together in peace for centuries.
在这个国家，有不同宗教信仰的人民世世代代地和平共处。
The only thing he desired was to live in peace.
他唯一向往的就是过上平静的生活。
I wish she would just leave me in peace.
我希望她不要打扰我。
【拓展】“in+抽象名词”结构
某些抽象名词用于此结构，表示“处于某状态”，或相当于此名词对应的副词。
in danger 处于危险之中 in use 在使用中 in trouble 处于困难之中
in detail 详细地 in silence 默不作声地 in comfort 舒适地
in horror 惊恐地 in secret 秘密地，私下地
join up
【原句回放】... which persuaded millions of young Europeans to join up and fight for their country. 这使欧洲成百万的年轻人投身于战争，为他们的国家战斗。
【点拨】join up 参军，联合起来，连接起来
The first stage of the operation was to join up the bones.
手术的第一步是把骨头接上。
The whole railway line has been joined up.
这条铁路已全线贯通。
Why should I hope for a big war so that I could join up and get killed?
为什么我就应该盼望发生大战呢?难道就是为了能参军战死吗?
【拓展】含join的短语
join ... to ... 把……和……连在一起
join (sb.) in sth./ doing sth. 加入（到某人中去）一起做某事
bring sth. on sb.
【原句回放】He made me feel that I’d brought these troubles on myself by buying the bike in the first place. 他使我感觉首先是我买这辆车给自己带来了麻烦。
【点拨】bring sth. on sb. 给某人招来（不愉快的）事情
The drought in the southwest of China brought heavy losses on the local people last year.
去年中国西南部的干旱给当地人带来了很大的损失。
I have no sympathy for you; you brought it all on yourself.
我根本不同情你——这都怪你自己。
【拓展】bring构成的短语
bring about 导致，引起 bring down 降低；击落；使……着陆；打垮
bring forward 提出；提前 bring in 让……参与；引进；赚得
bring out 使……显现；阐明 bring up 抚养；教养
sort out
【原句回放】... what I suggest is that you come along to our office with a doctor’s certificate and we can sort out the money for your injury on the spot. ……我建议您带着医生的证明来我们办公室一趟，我们将当场解决您受伤的赔偿金问题。
【点拨】sort out解决(问题或困难)；挑选；整理
There is something wrong with the program. I’ll try to sort things out and call you back.
程序出了点问题，我会设法解决，然后给你回电话。
The fishermen sorted out the little fish and put them back into the sea.
渔夫把小鱼挑出来，放回海里。
It is necessary that he (should) sort out the information for my reference.
他有必要整理出资料供我参考。
【拓展】sort构成的短语
sort...into ... 把……分成…… sort through 查看并整理
sort of 有几分；有那么一点
重点句型
the more ... the more ...
【原句回放】In fact, the more I use the bike, the more weight I seem to put on, despite following the instruction manual carefully. 事实上，尽管仔细遵照说明书使用，可我越是骑自行车，好像越增肥。
【点拨】
1. the more..., the more... 越……，就越……
此句型中前一个the more引导的句子相当于一个条件状语从句，后一个 the more 引导的句子相当于相应的主句。
The more a man knows, the more he is inclined to be modest. 大智若愚。
2. the more ...the less ... 越……就越不……
The more preparation you do now, the less nervous you’ll be before the exam.
现在你准备得越充分，考试前你就越不紧张。
The more fruit and vegetables you eat, the less chance you have of getting cancer.
吃的蔬菜、水果越多，得癌症的可能性就越低。
3.“the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)，the＋比较级(＋主语＋谓语)”结构
前两个结构都源于此结构，它常以省略的形式出现。如果后面的主句用一般将来时，那么前面的状语从句通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
The more haste, the less speed. 欲速则不达。
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。
as well as
【原句回放】As well as falling off the bike and nearly breaking my arm, I pulled a muscle in my leg, which has caused me terrible pain and meant that I have had to take three days off work. 除了从自行车上摔下来，差点摔断我的胳膊之外，我还拉伤了腿部的一块肌肉，这给我带来了可怕的疼痛，而且意味着我必须休假三天。
【点拨】
1. as well as 除……之外，(还)（接名词或动词-ing形式，尤其位于句首时）
As well as knowing some Russian, she speaks English very well.
除了懂一点俄语之外，她的英语讲得很好。
2. as well as 不但……而且，既……又
此时，as well as连接两个并列成分，如名词、形容词、动词、介词短语等，通常不位于句首，且强调的是其前的成分，而不是其后的成分。
She continued her own work as well as helped me. 她除了帮助我，还继续自己的工作。
It is unpleasant in summer as well as in winter. 冬天不好过，夏天也不好过。
3. 当as well as连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要和as well as前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
Li Ming as well as his classmates was listening to music. 李明和他的同学在听音乐。
【拓展】同义词语：besides，in addition to
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. The president d________ the prizes to the winners.
2. She has many a____________ in the business community.
3. The boy wants to be a soldier and he i________ to join the army when he grows.
4. They s________ the wall with metal supports.
5. She ____________(消耗) most of her time in reading.
6. At great ________ (花费) I was finally able to buy the painting.
7. What I need now is the ________ (安全感) of a happy home.
8. He was ________ (没意识到) of his mistake.
9. Now let’s ________ (起草) the contract and then sign it.
10. We strongly protest against this _______ (言论) of yours.
二、选择填空
call on, look down on, keep one’s word, come about, in surprise
(be) fed up with, join up, bring ... on ..., sort out, at the expense of
1. Let’s start to ________ the good apples from the bad ones.
2. I ________ those who keep complaining about their life without thinking of any ways to improve it.
3. I frequently quarreled with my father，although most of those ______ due to misunderstanding.
4. He built up the business ________ his health.
5. The stranger shouted _______, “Where is my wallet? I can’t find it.”
6. The old couple is never ________ going to the same park every day.
7. You may depend upon what he says，for he is a person who always ________.
8. In my opinion we should use the computers to _______ all the offices.
9. He has ______ all the trouble ______ himself, so he doesn’t complain about anything.
10. We have to _______ the parents to help us educate the teenagers．
三、单项选择
1. The doctors ________ the medicines to the people in the flooded area.
A．distinguished B．choose C．annoyed D．distributed
2. Who，Mary Smith？I’ve never made her ________.
A．recognition B．practice C．acquaintance D．satisfaction
3. If you can’t ________ the difficulty yourself，I will ask Tom to help you.
A．make out B．sort out C．figure out D．pick out
4. We must do something to ________ the old house, or it might fall down.
A．strengthen B．fasten C．fix D．repair
5. One thousand dollars a month is not a fortune but would help cover my living ________.
A．bills B．expenses C．prices D．charges
6. —I didn’t think you were coming.
—Oh, I ________ to stay at home, but I changed my mind.
A．would have intended B．was intending C．had intended D．have intended
7. Our school will ________ some new teachers next term as a result of increasing students.
A．bring into B．bring back C．bring in D．bring on
8. His dad ________ at the beginning of the war and ________ many hard battles.
A．joined in; got through B．joined in; went through
C．joined up; went through D．joined up; got through
9. ________ the danger from the enemy action, people had to deal with a severe shortage of food, clothing, fuel and almost everything.
A．As soon as B．As long as C．As far as D．As well as
10. At first I thought I understood what my teacher said, but the more he explained, ________.
A. the more I became confused B．I became confused more
C．the more confused I became D．the more confused did I become
11. The Somali robbers’ frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to ________ all nations to take immediate action.
A．fight for B．apply for C．call on D．wait on
12. Don’t ________ others in insulting words, which is not good manners.
A. remark at B. remark on C. make remarks at D. make remarks of
13. It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it ________ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A. came over B. came out C. came about D. came up
14. The actor _______ the benefit performance to raise money for the Hope Project.
A. spoiled B. splashed C. split D. sponsored
15. My brother said that he was ________ his rude boss, and decided to resign.
A. fed up with B. put up with C. adapted to D. used to
16. Alcohol is also classified as a downer, and though it is legal, it can damage the liver and do great harm if ________ in large quantities.
A. consume B. to consume C. consuming D. consumed
17. Don’t _______ a person only because he has failed in an examination.
A. look up B. look down C. look down on D. look up to
18.—The movie “The House of Flying Daggers” is well received in America.
—Really? There are so many people loving the movie, much_________.
A. to my surprise B. in surprise C. surprised D. by surprise
19. The two brothers _____ quarrel with each other, but now they are living ______.
A. used to; in peace B. get used to; in the peace
C. are used to; in peace D. used to; in the peace
20. _______came that he was punished by the King for he didn’t________.
A. A word, keep his words B. The word, keep his word
C. Word, keep a word D. Word, keep his word
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. distributed 2. acquaintances 3. intends 4. strengthened 5. consumed
6. expense 7. security 8. unconscious 9. draft 10. remark
二、选择填空
1. sort out 2. look down on 3. came about 4. at the expense of 5. in surprise
6. fed up with 7. keeps his word 8. join up 9. brought ... on 10. call on
三、单项选择
1. D。句意：医生给遭受水灾地区的人们分发药品。distribute 分发，分给，散发； distinguish 区分，辨别；choose 选择；annoy 使烦恼，使生气。
2. C。句意：是谁？玛丽?史密斯？我根本不认识她。make one’s acquaintance 认识某人，符合句意。
3. B。根据下文“找人帮忙”，从句应该是“如果你不能解决这些困难”，所以选sort out（解决）。make out 理解，辨认出；figure out 计算出；pick out 挑选出。
4. A。句意：我们必须做些事情来加固这座老房子，否则它可能倒塌。strengthen意为“加固”，与后面的might fall down相吻合。
5. B。句意：一个月一千美元不是一笔财富，但是能够帮助支付我的生活费用。bill 账单；expense 费用，支出；price 价格；charge 索价。根据句意，应选expense。
6. C。从答语中的后一分句“但我改变了主意”可知，此处用had intended to do sth.“过去本来打算做某事(但没有做)”，故选C。
7. C。句意：由于学生人数增多，下学期我们学校将招聘一些新老师。bring in表示“引进”。bring into 使开始；bring back 使恢复，使回忆起；bring on引起，导致。bring...on sb. 给某人带来（不愉快的事）。
8. C。join up参军，入伍；join in 参加；go through 经历；get through到达，做完，度过，打通。
9. D。句意：除了应付敌人的行动带来的危险外，人们还得应对衣、食、燃料以及几乎所有东西的短缺问题。as well as 意为“除……外”，符合语境。as soon as 一……就；as long as 只要；as far as 远至；就……而言。
10. C。考查“the＋比较级（＋主语＋谓语），the＋比较级（＋主语＋谓语）”结构。confused的比较级是more confused，故答案选C。句意：起初我认为我理解了老师所说的话，但是他解释得越多，我就越糊涂。
11. C。句意：索马里海盗经常在海上袭击(轮船) 促使联合国号召所有国家立即采取行动。fight for为……而战；apply for申请；call on号召；wait on服侍，招待，拜访。
12. B。考查remark on或make remarks on / about表示“对……做出评论”之意的用法。句意：用恶言评论他人是不礼貌的。
13. C。考查了come about表示“产生；发生”之意的用法。句意：已经十点了，我纳闷这么短的路程，她怎么会晚了两个小时呢？come over 过来 ；come out 出版；发芽；come up 出现；被提出。
14. D。句意：这位演员主办义演为希望工程筹集资金。spoil 损坏，宠坏；splash 溅，泼；split 分离，撕裂；sponsor主办，发起。
15. A。因为“受够了（be fed up with）”粗鲁的老板，所以决定辞职。put up with 表示“忍受”，用被动语态不合题意，注意句中的was；adapt to 适应，改编。
16. D。句意：酒精也被归为镇定剂，而且，酒精虽然合法，但是大量饮用会伤害肝脏，非常有害。
17. C。句意：不要因为一个人在一次考试中失败就看不起他。look down upon/on 意为“轻视；看不起”；look up 意为“查询”；look down 意为“低头”；look up to 意为“尊敬”。
18. A。句意：——电影《十面埋伏》在美国得到许多人认可。——真的吗？那么多人喜欢这部电影，真让我吃惊。to my surprise 使我吃惊的是。in surprise 吃惊地；surprised 感到吃惊的；by surprise 出其不意地，冷不防地。
19. A。used to do sth. 过去常常做某事；get/be used to doing 习惯于……; in peace意为“和平地”，是固定搭配，中间不需要加冠词。
20. D。句意：有消息说他因为不守诺言被国王惩罚了。word表示“消息”时，只用原形，不用加冠词或复数；keep one’s word意为“遵守诺言”，是固定短语，word用原形。