北师大版英语选修八 Unit 22　Environmental Protection 知识点课件66张PPT

课件66张PPT。
选修模块 8　Unit 22　 Environmental Protection
1.trap vt.(trapped, trapped)使困住;使中计n.圈套;陷阱;诡计;夹子
教材原句
①Because of the greenhouse effect, the Earth is warmed by gases
????trapped????(trap) in the atmosphere. 单句填空
②Were you just trying to trap her 　into???? making a wrong decision?
③A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who 　had been trapped????(trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018北京卷)
④Teenagers delivered water and food to elderly people 　trapped????(trap) in powerless high-rise buildings. (2016北京卷阅读理解)句式升级
⑤He was trapped in a traffic jam, so he had to wait.
→　Trapped in a traffic jam, he had to wait.????(过去分词作状语)点拨
(1)set a trap设下圈套
trap sb. into doing sth.使某人陷入做某事的圈套
be caught in a trap=fall into a trap落入陷阱
be trapped in=be stuck in 被困在
(2)trapped adj.陷入困境的
trapped persons被困人员2.reserve n.保护区;储备,储藏 vt.保留,预订,预约
教材原句
①Breweries are often built 　in nature reserves????.啤酒厂经常建在自然保护区里面。单句填空
②I'd like to reserve a table 　for???? three for eight o'clock.
③I didn't understand why this would happen and my credit card had al-ready been charged for the 　reservation????(reserve).单句改错
④It is advisable to keep some food on reserve in case of emergency.
　on→in????完成句子
⑤He told me all about it 　without reservation????.他毫无保留地告诉我关于这件事的全部。点拨
(1)reserve sth. for为……保留/预订某物
(2)a nature reserve自然保护区
in reserve备用,储备
(3)reservation n.保留意见;预订
make a reservation预订
without reservation 毫无保留地3.beyond prep.超出;在(或向)……较远的一边 adv.在另一边;在(或向)更
远处
教材原句
①...human beings are causing changes in the Earth's climate—something previously seen as 　beyond???? our control. 单句填空
②The city has been built up so fast that it's changed beyond 　recognition????
(recognise).
③　It???? is beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.完成句子
④His daughter is lovely　beyond compare????.他女儿真是可爱得无与伦比。
⑤She convinced me that Paul was,　beyond doubt????, innocent.
她使我深信,保罗确实是清白无辜的。
⑥　It's beyond me????why he always behaves like that.
我无法理解他为什么总是那样做。
⑦I am afraid it is　beyond my power????to do what you are asking.我恐怕无力做你要求做的事。
⑧The situation is　beyond our control????.我们已无法控制这一局面。写作微练
⑨中国有许多著名的旅游胜地,其美景难以用语言描述。
　There are a lot of famous attractions in China, whose beauty is really be-yond description.????点拨
beyond belief/doubt无法相信/毫无疑问
beyond description/words难以形容,无法描述
beyond one's control无法控制
beyond one's wildest dreams某人做梦也没想到
beyond one's power/ability某人力所不能及的;超出某人的能力
beyond compare无与伦比
beyond reason毫无道理beyond recognition难以识别;认不出来
beyond repair无法补救,无法修理
It's beyond me why...我无法理解为什么……
4.means n.方式;方法
教材原句
①People in agricultural areas, 　without???? any means to earn their living, move to the cities, and then... 单句填空
②Brown said he was 　by???? no means annoyed;on the contrary,he was glad to be able to make himself clearly understood.
③This bike tour is a fantastic way 　to see???? (see) the world-famous cher-ry trees with beautiful flowers.(2018课标全国I阅读理解)单句改错
④All possible means has been tried, but none works.
　has→have????
句式升级
⑤He was by no means able to handle it.
→　By no means was he able to handle it.????(by no means放在句首)完成句子
⑥　By means of???? controlled release, I can deliver my books to some specific persons.
通过定向发放,我能把我的书送给一些特别的人。
⑦The car is 　a convenient means of transport????, and we have made it our way of life. 汽车是一种方便的交通工具, 我们已经使它成为我们的生活方式。
⑧Sometimes 　by no means???? can we express ourselves by means of words.
有时我们并不能用言语来表达我们的感情。 写作微练
⑨他们通过努力工作已经为城市的繁荣做出了巨大贡献。
　They have made great contributions to the boom of the cities by means of working hard.????点拨
(1)means单复数同形,作主语且前有every,each,one等词时,谓语动词用单数形式;前有several,many,few,all等词时,谓语动词用复数形式。
(2)the means of doing sth.做某事的方法
means of transport交通工具
(3)by means of依靠……方法
by all means当然行;可以
by any means用一切可能的方法by this/that means用这种/那种方法;通过这种/那种方式
by no means决不;无论如何都不(用于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
【联想】????“做某事的方法”的其他表达:①the approach to doing sth.②the way to do sth./of doing sth.　③the method of doing sth.
【温馨提示】表示“决不”的短语参见Unit 145.adopt vt.采用;采纳;收养;选举
教材原句
①There are some quite simple methods that 　the government has adopted????
to reduce noise pollution in our cities.为了减少城市的噪声污染,政府已经采取了一些相当简单的方法。完成句子
②The old man　adopted????a deserted boy and after a few months the boy began to　adapt????to his new life.这位老人收养了一位被抛弃的男孩儿,几个月后这个男孩儿开始适应新生活。语境识意(写出下列句中画线词的词义)
③We should adopt the consumers' suggestions.?　采纳????
④They decided to adopt an orphan from the earthquake.?　收养????
⑤He is not my real father;I'm adopted.?　收养的????点拨
(1)adopt sb.领养某人
adopt sb. as...选举某人为……
(2)adopted adj.收养的　adoption n.采用;收养
【辨析】1.look ahead 展望未来;向前看
教材原句
①　Looking????(look) ahead, scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century.活学巧用(用look的相关短语填空)
②　Looking up????every new word will certainly be a waste of time.
③She 　looked through???? her notes before the exam.
④She 　looked around????when she heard the noise.
⑤Do 　look out for???? spelling mistakes in your homework.
⑥She 　is looked on???? as the leading authority on the subject.
⑦A working party has been set up to 　look into????the problem.点拨
look after对……负责;照料;照顾
look around/round环视;环顾
look at检查;考虑
look back on回首;回忆;回顾
look down on蔑视;看不起
look for寻找;期望;盼望
look forward to期待;盼望look into调查;审查
look on sb./sth. as sb./sth.把……看作……
look out (for)当心;提防
look over查看;检查
look through浏览;快速查看
look up 好转;改善;查阅;查检;抬头往上看
look up to sb.钦佩/仰慕/尊敬某人2.refer to 谈及;提到;指的是;查阅;参考
教材原句
①Global warming 　refers????(refer) to an average increase in the Earth's temperature that, in turn, leads to climate change.语境识意(写出下列句中refer to的含义)
②The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.?　指的是????
③When I am faced with difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.?　查阅,参考????单句填空
④Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Ar-chitecture Prize—which is often referred to 　as???? the Nobel Prize in ar-chitecture—on February 28.(2018课标全国Ⅲ阅读理解)
⑤There are huge quantities of 　reference????(refer) books about which I am often confused.(2018江苏卷书面表达)完成句子
⑥He 　referred to???? the dictionary in order to 　look up???? the new word.
为了查这个生词的意思, 他查阅了词典。
⑦　In/With reference to????your question about cost, the ticket price of this film is 35 yuan each.关于你咨询的费用问题,这部电影的票价是每张35元。点拨
(1)refer to...as...把……称作……
refer...to...把……送交给……
(2)reference n.提及;涉及;参考
for reference以备查阅
in/with reference to关于……【辨析】3.apart from 除……之外;此外
教材原句
①Apart 　from???? few found in zoos, pandas live only in the central bam-boo forests of mainland China. 活学巧用(用besides,except,except for,apart from填空)
②All the students took part in the activity　except/apart from????John.
③We need three more workers　besides/apart from???? these two.
④The article is really good 　except for/apart from???? several grammar mistakes.
⑤I knew nothing about Tom 　except???? that he was an American. 单句改错
⑥The room is empty except a bookshelf standing in one corner.
　except∧→for????一句多译
除了良好的服务外,我们的餐馆还提供各种各样的美食。
Our restaurant offers varieties of delicious food,
⑦　besides good service????.(besides)
⑧　in addition to good service????.(in addition to)
⑨　apart from good service????.(apart from)点拨
【辨析】4.on one's behalf 代表……
教材原句
①We need to speak out 　on???? their behalf before they disappear for good. 单句改错
②In China, these knots stand friendship, love and good luck.
　stand∧→for????
③I am doing a project on behalf for my school about global warming.
　for→of????写成句子
④　On behalf of everyone here????, I wish you a pleasant journey back to your country.
我代表这里的每个人,祝您回国旅途愉快。写作微练
⑤我曾经代表我们学校参加了全国女主持人演讲比赛,并获得第一名。
　Once, I took part in a national hostess speaking contest on behalf of our school and won the first place.????点拨
on behalf of sb.=on sb.'s behalf代表/代替某人;因为某人;为了某人
【辨析】????1.in the last few decades与现在完成时连用
教材原句
①In the last few decades, scientists 　have reached????(reach) consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth's cli-mate...单句填空
②Since 2011, the country 　has grown???? (grow) more corn than rice. (2018课标全国Ⅱ)
③Since Hannah 　began????(begin) her activities, she has received a lot of praises.(2017北京卷完形填空)
④In recent years, stress 　has been regarded????(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems. (2016上海卷)单句改错
⑤Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement has reached so far by the two sides.
　∧reached→been????
完成句子
⑥He's the only student in the class 　that has been selected???? to take part in the Model United Nations conference.(select)他是班上唯一被选上去参加模拟联合国大会的同学。点拨
in the last few decades意为“在过去的几十年里”,在句中作时间状语,句子常用现在完成时。
【联想】????现在完成时的标志性状语还有: before,already,recently,since,during the last few weeks,for a long time,in the last/past few years/weeks,many times,over the past years,by now,so far,up to/till now,in recent years等。
【点津】????在判断动词时态时,注意题干中的标志性状语,还应注意是
否需要使用被动语态,有时还需要考虑谓语动词的单复数形式。2.without引出的含蓄条件句
教材原句
①Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun's rays 　would bounce????
(bounce) back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on. 单句填空
②Without appropriate software, a computer　would be????(be)a mere box.
③He was very busy yesterday,or he 　would/could have helped????(help)you with the experiment.
④　Without???? his support, we wouldn't be where we are now.(2018北京卷)完成句子
⑤Most believe he 　would/could have played football???? for England last week, but for a serious injury which put him out of football.(play)
多数人认为,要不是受了重伤而告别足球,上周他本会为英格兰踢球的。
⑥Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway　wouldn't/couldn't have written????his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.(write)
没有战时经历,海明威就写不出著名的小说《永别了,武器》。点拨
(1)without引出的含蓄条件句:句中没有if引导的从句来表示虚拟的条件,而是通过without来引出虚拟条件。有类似用法的还有but for,other-wise,or等。
(2)在含有without引出的含蓄条件句的句子中,谓语形式按照含if引导的虚拟条件从句的复合句中主句的结构来对待(①虚拟现在/将来:would/should/could/might do;②虚拟过去:would/should/could/might have done)。3.given...
教材原句
①　Given????(give) this data, it seems that the link between human activi-ties and rising global temperatures is not merely a coincidence.单句改错
②Giving the present conditions, I think she has done rather well.
　Giving→Given????完成句子
③　Given the good weather????,our ship will reach Dalian on Monday.
鉴于天气好,我们的船将于星期一到达大连。
④　Given that????he is doing quite well,it seems reasonable to appoint him as general engineer.鉴于他做得很好,任命他为总工程师似乎很合理。点拨
given在此处是介词,意为“考虑到;鉴于”,之后常接表示事物的名词(短语),常位于句首,用逗号与后面的句子隔开;而given that作为连词使用,用于引导从句。
【联想】　表示“鉴于;考虑到”的表达还有:considering,seeing that。4.There be句型
教材原句
①　There???? has been terrible flooding in Asia, Africa, America and O-
ceania.单句填空
②Over the years, there 　have been????(be) a number of different tech-niques to help designers approach this important point.(2018课标全国Ⅰ七选五)
③The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city and there 　stands????
(stand) a stone sculpture.
④I never dreamed of there　being????(be)such a good chance.
⑤　Were????(be)there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
⑥Is there any possibility　that????you could pick me up at the airport?单句改错
⑦There seems to a bank around here.
　to∧→be????
⑧There be no bus, we had to go home on foot.
　be→being????完成句子
⑨　There happened to be nobody???? in the room yesterday morning.
昨天上午恰巧房间里没人。
⑩We teachers don't want 　there to be any students???? staying in the classroom after school.我们老师不想在放学后有学生留在教室里。点拨
(1)there be句型的时态有:
There is/are...一般现在时
There was/were...一般过去时
There will be.../is going to be...一般将来时
There has/have been...现在完成时
There had been...过去完成时(2)there be结构可以变化为:
There remains...仍然有……
There used to be...过去有……
There seems to be...似乎有……
There happens to be...碰巧有……
There stands/exists...耸立着/存在着……
(3)there be的非谓语形式是there to be和there being两种形式。它们可以在句中作主语、宾语、状语。作动词宾语时,通常用there to be,能这样用的动词常见的有want,like,intend,expect,hate等。作介词宾语时,如介