2020版高考英语二轮复习浙京津鲁琼专用版 专题四 完形填空（课件+学案共6份）

课件78张PPT。专题四　完形填空题型分析近三年浙江卷考点分布表分析近三年的浙江卷高考试题，我们不难发现，完形填空的文章体裁主要是记叙文。内容主要是传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。题型分为句内层次题、句组层次题、语篇层次题等三个层次，以句内层次题和句组层次题为主，语篇层次题为辅，较难的语篇层次题仅有3道左右。这就要求考生在做完形填空题时，心中始终有这三个层次，认真甄别每道题是属于哪种层次，然后再确定用何种方法来解题，从而做到每题全对。一、四大方法速判句内层面题
句内层面题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法1　利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。解题策略典例　(2019·全国Ⅰ)
Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures.
51.A.studied B.observed
C.explored D.regarded
分析：考查固定搭配。regard...as...把……看作，认为……是，符合语境。句意为：在许多文化中，山被认为是精神圣地。study研究；observe观察；explore探索。故选D。方法2　利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西方文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。典例　(2019·全国Ⅱ)
Jeff had 54 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched 55.in vain for Rosie in the next four days.
54.A.hunted B.skied
C.lived D.worked
分析：这道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据下文语境和生活常识判断，狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打猎。故选A。方法3　利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。典例　(2019·浙江)
What’s 47.particularly interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49.ask at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50.challenge is all the more serious when you consider the 51.demanding exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
48.A.easiest B.nearest
C.biggest D.richest根据空后的“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知，空处应该是与最困难的作对比，因此柏林是最容易的(easiest)。故选A。分析：本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。方法4　利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例　(2019·全国Ⅱ)
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota.During the long trip home，following a weekend of hunting，Ehlers 41.thought about the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.He had 43.tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but，frightened，it had 44 .
44.A.calmed down B.stood up
C.rolled over D.run off
分析：根据上下文语境，他在尽力地哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处指那只狗跑掉了(run off)。故选D。二、三大方法智取句组层面题
句组层面题是比句内层面题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1　利用词义/语义复现解题
复现是一种词义/语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。典例　 (2019·全国Ⅰ)
However，I soon 45.discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish.I find a 47.clean mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 48.significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49.paying off.
46.A.equipment B.grass
C.camps D.stones
分析：本题可以利用词义/语义复现解题。由下文“at camps ”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。方法2　利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。典例　(2019·全国Ⅰ)
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 41.bring with them lots of waste.The 42.crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing，changing the 43.face of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories，I’m 44 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
44.A.silent B.skeptical
C.serious D.crazy分析：本题可以利用作者态度或感彩关联解题。第一段谈到大批登山者给乞力马扎罗山带来了很多的垃圾，人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏这一情况表示怀疑。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。典例　(2019·天津)
...Without 23.delay，I called to thank her.She said she 24.spotted my wallet on a bus seat.She 25.calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a
26 move，but she decided to take the chance...
26.A.selfless B.risky
C.slow D.personal
分析：本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和“she decided to take the chance(她还是决定去冒险)”是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项正确。risky冒险的。方法3　利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。方法4　利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。典例　(2019·全国Ⅱ)
...He had 43.tried to coax(哄)the dog to him but，frightened，it had 44.run off.
Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove 46.back.After a long and careful 47.search，Greg saw，across a field，the dog moving 48 away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy.It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.
48.A.cautiously B.casually
C.skillfully D.angrily分析：本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据文中提到的frightened，nervousness，fear等词并结合上下文可知，小狗非常地谨慎小心。cautiously谨慎地，小心地。故选A。三、“一原则、三方法”做好语篇层面题
语篇层面题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时，对于此类题目要坚持一原则：不急于解答，读完全文综合思维后再定夺。要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细对比，最终得出答案。具体来说，可采用以下三法来解题：
方法1　利用语义复现解题
在语篇层面题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现法来解题。典例　 (2019·天津)
I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me.My wallet was gone.I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some 16.unknown station.
The 17 moment was quickly followed by mental math.How much time and money would it cost to replace the 18.contents of that little wallet?
17.A.face-saving B.brain-washing
C.eye-catching D.heart-stopping分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们无法确定答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。由第一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近或同义，故D选项切题。heart-stopping令人心悸的。方法2　利用首尾呼应关系解题
完形填空在许多情况下不仅仅是在讲述一个故事，而是通过故事来升华主题，而升华的内容往往在文章结尾处，与首段内容形成首尾呼应关系。因此，我们做题不是只到最后一空，而是看到最后一个词，而且要学会“回头看”(重点看首段)。不要过早地放松而忽略了首尾呼应关系，在最后一两道题上留下遗憾。 典例　 (2019·全国Ⅰ)
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
60.A.enjoy B.deserve
C.save D.acquire
分析：本题可以采用首尾呼应关系法来解题。纵观全文，文章开头讲到有报道称乞力马扎罗山受到污染，作者提出了质疑，并发现其环境污染问题已经有了很大改观；随后作者以大段文字描述了乞力马扎罗山奇妙的生态系统，因此作者最后得出结论，乞力马扎罗山应该背负一座被游客毁掉了宁谧意境的拥挤之山的名声吗？答案是否定的。deserve one’s reputation 意为“名不虚传，实至名归”。故B选项切题。方法3　利用文章发展脉络解题
做完形填空题时要合理想象，即合理思考和推理，但绝不能脑洞大开，甚至“胡思乱想”，必须“随文应变”，不可“一意孤行”，要随着文段的发展脉络来调整预测偏差。典例　(2019·全国Ⅰ)
...I 56.count twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57.desert：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59.permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear...
58.A.Obviously B.Easily
C.Consequently D.Finally
分析：本段前面的内容已经描述了四种不同的生态系统，此处应该要达到了乞力马扎罗山的最高处了，“最终(finally)”登山者进入了一个类似北极的区域。故D选项切题。真题感悟名师点津随堂限时练第一节　记叙文PART
1真题感悟(2019·6月浙江)
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually，the 36 the idea is，the more it gets noticed.And that’s precisely why one 37 Frenchman has caught our attention.36.A.cleverer B.older
C.stranger D.simpler解析　根据下文中的“the more it gets noticed”可知，此处是“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...(越……，越……)”结构，语意表示“想法越不寻常，就越能引起人们的关注”。√(2019·6月浙江)
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually，the 36 the idea is，the more it gets noticed.And that’s precisely why one 37 Frenchman has caught our attention.37.A.garbage-eating B.sports-loving
C.food-wasting D.law-breaking解析　根据下文中的“on discarded(丢弃) food”和全文可知，Baptiste Dubanchet一路靠丢弃的食物为生，由此可知他是个“吃垃圾的人”。√38.A.secretly B.finally
C.entirely D.probably解析　他完全依靠丢弃的食物来维持生活，以此来唤起人们珍惜食物的意识。√39.A.purpose B.way C.opinion D.dream解析　这是一种唤起人们对食物浪费现象进行关注的方式。√Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving 38 on discarded(丢弃的) food.The three-month，1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 39 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.40.A.observe B.imagine
C.suggest D.remember解析　正如你能想象的，这趟骑行并不是一帆风顺的。√As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.41.A.store B.cook
C.shop for D.throw away解析　根据上下文可知，餐馆每年要倒掉数吨食物。√As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.42.A.locked B.damaged
C.connected D.abandoned解析　根据上文可知，这些被丢弃的食物被锁在了垃圾箱里。√As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.43.A.bought B.offered
C.ordered D.sold解析　根据下文可知，只有大约1/10的地方愿意为他提供被丢弃的食物。√As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.44.A.reasons B.rights
C.fees D.aids解析　出于法律上的原因，大部分餐馆都有规定，不允许把要丢弃的食物送掉。√As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.45.A.begging for B.giving away
C.hiding D.causing解析　参考上题解析。give away赠送，分发，选B。√As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.46.A.did B.kept
C.accepted D.risked解析　有些人冒着丢掉工作的风险给我食物。此处risk意为“冒……的风险”。根据语境可知，选D。√As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.What’s 47 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.47.A.hardly B.usually
C.particularly D.merely解析　特别有意思的是，不同城市对他这种行为的态度各不相同。particularly特别，尤其。根据语境可知，选C。√What’s 47 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.48.A.easiest B.nearest
C.biggest D.richest解析　根据下文提到的“the most difficult”可知，柏林是他最容易得到食物的城市，而捷克的比尔森市是最难的。故选A。√What’s 47 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.49.A.work B.shout
C.ask D.jump解析　在比尔森市，他不得不询问了约50家不同的商店或餐馆，才讨得食物。故选C。√What’s 47 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.50.A.competition B.conversation
C.conflict D.challenge解析　此处的challenge表示“挑战，艰巨任务”，根据语意可知，这个过程很艰难。故选D。√What’s 47 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.51.A.adequate B.rewarding
C.demanding D.suitable解析　这是一项费力的活动，需要一路从法国骑自行车到波兰。根据句意可知，选C。√52.A.again B.alone
C.later D.fast解析　根据语意可知，一路骑自行车，到达目的地后又累又饿，肯定需要尽快地获得食物，以补充身体所需的能量。故选fast。√53.A.spirit B.energy
C.time D.effort解析　参考上题解析。√“I have to get food 52 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 53 ，” Dubanchet explained.“Is my 54 full or empty? That is the most important thing，not what I am eating.”54.A.stomach B.hand
C.pocket D.basket解析　根据语境可知，此处表示“我的肚子是不是饱了”，所以填stomach“胃”，由此选A。√“I have to get food 52 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 53 ，” Dubanchet explained.“Is my 54 full or empty? That is the most important thing，not what I am eating.” He aims to 55 his journey by mid-July.With any luck，he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.55.A.arrange B.restart
C.report D.finish解析　他打算在7月中旬完成他的此次旅行，故选D。√语篇解读　本文讲述了法国人Baptiste Dubanchet一路骑自行车穿越欧洲，途中以丢弃的食物为生，试图通过他的行为，来唤起人们对食物浪费现象的关注。PART
2名师点津一、题型解读
记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式，它们有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。二、解题技巧
1.抓住文章中心。 中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。 抓住中心有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2.明确叙述角度。 通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。 第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。 第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。3.理清写作顺序。 根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。 理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
4.明确写作要素。 包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。 弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。
5.洞悉写作目的。 同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。 因此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。PART
3随堂限时练(2019·东北三省三校一模)
Several months ago，Greece suffered from the refugee(难民) 1disaster.I hadn’t been 1 of the scale(规模) of it until I actually got to Greece.I 2 as manager of the Oinofyta Camp.This work is like being a 3 ，and I realized that I had met my 4 ，which was to 4take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about，not 5 .1.A.afraid B.aware
C.fond D.ashamed解析　根据本空后的“until I actually got to Greece”可知，直到作者真正到了希腊她才知道那里的难民灾难的规模有多大，故B项正确。be aware of知道，意识到。√2.A.took over B.made for
C.came up D.figured out解析　根据本空后的“as manager of the Oinofyta Camp”可知，她接任(take over)奥诺费塔难民营管理者的工作，故A项正确。√(2019·东北三省三校一模)
Several months ago，Greece suffered from the refugee(难民) 1disaster.I hadn’t been 1 of the scale(规模) of it until I actually got to Greece.I 2 as manager of the Oinofyta Camp.This work is like being a 3 ，and I realized that I had met my 4 ，which was to 4take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about，not 5 .3.A.teacher B.volunteer
C.mother D.lawyer解析　根据空格后的介绍“which was to take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about”可知，这个工作性质要像位母亲(mother)一样照顾他人，故C项正确。√(2019·东北三省三校一模)
Several months ago，Greece suffered from the refugee(难民) 1disaster.I hadn’t been 1 of the scale(规模) of it until I actually got to Greece.I 2 as manager of the Oinofyta Camp.This work is like being a 3 ，and I realized that I had met my 4 ，which was to 4take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about，not 5 .4.A.failure B.goal
C.moment D.problem解析　根据本空后的“which was to take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about”可知，作者工作的目标(goal)是照顾难民，让他们感觉到自己是被爱和关心着的，故B项正确。√(2019·东北三省三校一模)
Several months ago，Greece suffered from the refugee(难民) 1disaster.I hadn’t been 1 of the scale(规模) of it until I actually got to Greece.I 2 as manager of the Oinofyta Camp.This work is like being a 3 ，and I realized that I had met my 4 ，which was to 4take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about，not 5 .5.A.forced B.sheltered
C.cured D.forgotten解析　让他们感觉到自己是被爱和关心着的，并没有被遗忘(forget)，故D项正确。√(2019·东北三省三校一模)
Several months ago，Greece suffered from the refugee(难民) 1disaster.I hadn’t been 1 of the scale(规模) of it until I actually got to Greece.I 2 as manager of the Oinofyta Camp.This work is like being a 3 ，and I realized that I had met my 4 ，which was to 4take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about，not 5 .All of the Greek islands are 6 .I have a camp that within three or four days could 7 500 people.6.A.overcrowded B.abandoned
C.observed D.involved解析　根据第一段第二句话可知，希腊的难民规模很大。由此可知，空处指希腊所有的岛屿都很拥挤(overcrowded)。空后一句也是提示。故A项正确。√7.A.employ B.train
C.examine D.serve解析　根据上文可知，我去希腊是为难民服务的，我的难民营可以为500人服务，故D项正确。√When your life is spent getting handouts(救济品) from everyone all day，you lose your 8 .7I had this 9 idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover 10 2material.Those people were the 11 people in the camp because they had a purpose.We have 12 in America who want to buy these bags now.8.A.dignity B.pay
C.demand D.value解析　根据本空前的“When your life is spent getting handouts from everyone all day”和常识可知，当你的生活每天都在接受别人的救济时，你就会失去尊严(dignity)，故A项正确。√9.A.strange B.ordinary
C.wild D.peaceful解析　根据本空后的“idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover material”可知，我有一个疯狂的(wild)想法——那就是开始创业，用剩余的帐篷材料来缝制袋子。故C项正确。√When your life is spent getting handouts(救济品) from everyone all day，you lose your 8 .7I had this 9 idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover 10 2material.Those people were the 11 people in the camp because they had a purpose.We have 12 in America who want to buy these bags now.10.A.cooking B.tent
C.heating D.wood解析　根据上下文多次出现的camp和常识可知，用来缝制袋子的应该是剩余的帐篷(tent)材料，故B项正确。√When your life is spent getting handouts(救济品) from everyone all day，you lose your 8 .7I had this 9 idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover 10 2material.Those people were the 11 people in the camp because they had a purpose.We have 12 in America who want to buy these bags now.11.A.saddest B.happiest
C.bravest D.calmest解析　根据本空后的“people in the camp because they had a purpose”可知，因为生活有了奔头，所以他们成了难民营里最快乐的人，故B项正确。√When your life is spent getting handouts(救济品) from everyone all day，you lose your 8 .7I had this 9 idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover 10 2material.Those people were the 11 people in the camp because they had a purpose.We have 12 in America who want to buy these bags now.12.A.leaders B.consultants
C.workers D.purchasers解析　根据本空后的“in America who want to buy these bags now”可知，我们在美国有一些想买这些袋子的买家(purchaser)，故D项正确。√When your life is spent getting handouts(救济品) from everyone all day，you lose your 8 .7I had this 9 idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover 10 2material.Those people were the 11 people in the camp because they had a purpose.We have 12 in America who want to buy these bags now.Learning to say 13 has been one of the harder things here at the camp；the constant 14 of 3residents.I was so happy for them when they got their family 15 ，and so sad because I knew that the 16 of me being able to 17 see them again was 5pretty slim.13.A.goodbye B.thanks
C.sorry D.hello解析　根据下文的“I was so happy...and so sad...see them again was pretty slim”可知，学习说再见(goodbye)是难民营里比较难的事情之一，故A项正确。√14.A.fighting B.checking
C.working D.changing√解析　根据空后一句可知，空处指难民营里的难民是不断变化的(changing)。故D项正确。15.A.anniversary B.party
C.reunion D.celebration解析　根据本空前的“I was so happy for them when they got their family”可知，作者很高兴看到他们与家人重聚，故C项正确。√Learning to say 13 has been one of the harder things here at the camp；the constant 14 of 3residents.I was so happy for them when they got their family 15 ，and so sad because I knew that the 16 of me being able to 17 see them again was 5pretty slim.16.A.pity B.intention
C.possibility D.reward解析　根据本空后的“of me being able to see them again was pretty slim”可知，作者很难过是因为她知道再见到他们的可能性(possibility)很小，故C项正确。√Learning to say 13 has been one of the harder things here at the camp；the constant 14 of 3residents.I was so happy for them when they got their family 15 ，and so sad because I knew that the 16 of me being able to 17 see them again was 5pretty slim.17.A.ever B.never
C.often D.seldom解析　作者知道再见到他们的可能性很小，故A项正确。ever在任何时候。√Learning to say 13 has been one of the harder things here at the camp；the constant 14 of 3residents.I was so happy for them when they got their family 15 ，and so sad because I knew that the 16 of me being able to 17 see them again was 5pretty slim.My 18 kids are all asking me the same question now：“Mom，when are you coming home？”I don’t know.8I hope that my legacy(遗赠) here is that the refugees will always remember that I cared about them，that they were special and 19 ，and that they were 6worthy of that 20 .18.A.positive B.own
C.adopted D.selfish解析　根据本空后的“...kids are all asking me the same question now：‘Mom，when are you coming home？’”可知，作者自己的孩子问她：“妈妈，你什么时候回家？”，故B项正确。√19.A.unexpected B.thankful
C.considerate D.important解析　根据空处所在句可知，作者希望难民们永远记住她关心他们，他们是特别的、重要的(important)，并且他们值得被那样照顾。故D项正确。√20.A.benefit B.reward
C.care D.praise解析　care照顾，照料，护理。故C项正确。√My 18 kids are all asking me the same question now：“Mom，when are you coming home？”I don’t know.8I hope that my legacy(遗赠) here is that the refugees will always remember that I cared about them，that they were special and 19 ，and that they were 6worthy of that 20 .语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在希腊遭受难民灾难期间，作者去希腊的奥诺费塔难民营服务，看到难民终日靠救济度日，作者想出了一个帮助他们创业的主意，这让难民的生活有了奔头也变得快乐起来，作者希望难民们永远记住自己关心他们。做完以上完形后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句素材提炼再拓展Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1.Because of the weather，the activity was a total disaster. _________________
2.He is a good soldier，but not really officer material. ______________
3.He called upon the government to build more low-cost homes for local residents.
____彻底失败的人或事居民当……人员的料(二)同义词语替换
4.It has been my duty to help mom take care of my little brothers and sisters.
__________________________look after/care for/attend (to)(三)一词多义
5.pretty adv.颇，相当；很，非常 adj.(人)漂亮的，好看的；(事物)悦耳/悦目的，好听的，好看的
(1)Jenny has a big house and a pretty garden in the city center. ___________
(2)Maria looks much prettier with her hair cut short. _______
(3)The performance was pretty impressive. _______
(4)I am pretty sure he will say yes. ____
6.worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得(或应得)……的
(1)He insisted that the problem worthy of attention be discussed at the meeting.
__________
(2)He is a worthy champion and he has a lot of fans all over the world. ___________好看/悦目的好看的很/非常相当值得……的值得敬重的Ⅱ.长难句理解
7.I had this wild idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover tent material.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover tent material是_______从句，作idea的同位语，sewing bags from leftover tent material是动词-ing形式作_________。
[精美译文]　_________________________________________________________
_____________ 我有一个疯狂的想法，那就是开始创业，用剩余的帐篷材料来缝制袋子会很棒。同位语方式状语8.I hope that my legacy here is that the refugees will always remember that I cared about them，that they were special and important，and that they were worthy of that care.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，主句是I hope that；第一个that引导____从句，第二个that引导____从句；最后三个that引导的是并列的remember的____从句。
[精美译文]　_________________________________________________________
________________________________________ 我希望在这儿我的遗赠是难民们会永远记住我关心他们，他们是特别的、重要的，并且他们值得那样被照顾。表语宾语宾语本课结束 课件47张PPT。专题四　完形填空感悟体会名师点津随堂限时练第三节　说明文PART
1感悟体会(2019·黑龙江齐齐哈尔五校联考)
I’ve suffered from serious social anxiety and anger problems as long as I can remember.
A couple of years ago I 1 what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive：every time I became 2 about something I couldn’t change，I’d do a casual act of 3 .Things like losing money or not getting a promotion saw me 4 goods to our local food bank(食品赈济处).1.A.came up with B.broke away from C.put up with D.ended up with解析　 几年前，我想出了一个我自认为能保持积极乐观的好办法。根据句意可知选A。come up with提出； break away from从……脱离；put up with忍受； end up with以……结束。√(2019·黑龙江齐齐哈尔五校联考)
I’ve suffered from serious social anxiety and anger problems as long as I can remember.
A couple of years ago I 1 what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive：every time I became 2 about something I couldn’t change，I’d do a casual act of 3 .Things like losing money or not getting a promotion saw me 4 goods to our local food bank(食品赈济处).2.A.happy B.concerned C.fearful D.angry解析　由上文的“serious social anxiety and anger problems”可知，空处指每次我对于不能改变的事情生气时，我会做慈善。故选D。happy快乐的；concerned担心的；fearful害怕的； angry生气的。√(2019·黑龙江齐齐哈尔五校联考)
I’ve suffered from serious social anxiety and anger problems as long as I can remember.
A couple of years ago I 1 what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive：every time I became 2 about something I couldn’t change，I’d do a casual act of 3 .Things like losing money or not getting a promotion saw me 4 goods to our local food bank(食品赈济处).3.A.voluntary work B.charity C.shopping D.driving解析　由下句中的“goods to our local food bank”可知我做的是慈善。故选B。voluntary work志愿工作；charity慈善；shopping购物；driving驾驶。√(2019·黑龙江齐齐哈尔五校联考)
I’ve suffered from serious social anxiety and anger problems as long as I can remember.
A couple of years ago I 1 what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive：every time I became 2 about something I couldn’t change，I’d do a casual act of 3 .Things like losing money or not getting a promotion saw me 4 goods to our local food bank(食品赈济处).4.A.lending B.throwing C.offering D.wasting解析　此处指作者向食品赈济处提供物品，故选C。offer sth. to sb. 提供某物给某人，符合语境。lend借；throw扔；waste浪费。√At the 5 of this June I myself and my partner went on our first holiday in years.We climbed Mt.Teide. 6 I stood at the top with a state of high altitude， 7 in my brain seemed to burst.I felt 8 and came down that mountain as quickly as I could.5.A.start B.middle
C.end D.top解析　联系下段的“in the early June”可知，这里的时间是六月初。故选A。start开始；middle中间；end结束；top顶端。√6.A.As B.Unless
C.If D.Though解析　当我站在海拔高度很高的山顶时，我脑子里好像有东西要爆炸。根据句意可知选A。as当，因为，随着，作为；unless除非；if如果；though尽管。√At the 5 of this June I myself and my partner went on our first holiday in years.We climbed Mt.Teide. 6 I stood at the top with a state of high altitude， 7 in my brain seemed to burst.I felt 8 and came down that mountain as quickly as I could.7.A.nothing B.everything
C.something D.anything解析　nothing没有东西； everything每样东西； something某个东西； anything任何东西。句意参见上题解析。故选C。√At the 5 of this June I myself and my partner went on our first holiday in years.We climbed Mt.Teide. 6 I stood at the top with a state of high altitude， 7 in my brain seemed to burst.I felt 8 and came down that mountain as quickly as I could.8.A.pleased B.helped
C.excited D.worried解析　根据语境和下文的“This anxious feeling”可知，空处指我感到很担心(worried)，所以尽快地下了山，故选D。√At the 5 of this June I myself and my partner went on our first holiday in years.We climbed Mt.Teide. 6 I stood at the top with a state of high altitude， 7 in my brain seemed to burst.I felt 8 and came down that mountain as quickly as I could.9.A.hiking B.climb
C.flight D.race√解析　根据上下文可知，这里说的是六月初我对爬山的焦虑情感一直持续，故选B。This anxious feeling about the 9 in the early June lasted，but I went back to work and didn’t 10 .I knew scares didn’t 11 the problem.I actually removed my headphones to talk to someone I knew in the street.I was 12 .I went to the supermarket and 13 ，which kept me cool.I lost some money，but I thought it was only money.10.A.wait B.leave
C.panic D.hesitate√解析　联系下句“害怕不能解决问题”可知，作者回去工作了，而且没有恐慌。故选C。wait等待；leave离开； panic恐慌；hesitate犹豫。This anxious feeling about the 9 in the early June lasted，but I went back to work and didn’t 10 .I knew scares didn’t 11 the problem.I actually removed my headphones to talk to someone I knew in the street.I was 12 .I went to the supermarket and 13 ，which kept me cool.I lost some money，but I thought it was only money.11.A.find B.consult
C.reject D.solve√解析　因为我知道害怕不能解决问题。根据句意可知选D。find发现；consult咨询；reject拒绝；solve解决。This anxious feeling about the 9 in the early June lasted，but I went back to work and didn’t 10 .I knew scares didn’t 11 the problem.I actually removed my headphones to talk to someone I knew in the street.I was 12 .I went to the supermarket and 13 ，which kept me cool.I lost some money，but I thought it was only money.12.A.frightened B.calm
C.disappointed D.sad√解析　由下文的“kept me cool”可知，我很镇静。故选B。frightened感到害怕的； calm镇静的，冷静的； disappointed失望的；sad伤心的。This anxious feeling about the 9 in the early June lasted，but I went back to work and didn’t 10 .I knew scares didn’t 11 the problem.I actually removed my headphones to talk to someone I knew in the street.I was 12 .I went to the supermarket and 13 ，which kept me cool.I lost some money，but I thought it was only money.13.A.shouted B.cried
C.worked D.shopped√解析　由空前的“went to the supermarket”和空后的“lost some money”可知，我去超市购物了。shout大叫；cry哭，喊； work工作，起作用；shop购物。This anxious feeling about the 9 in the early June lasted，but I went back to work and didn’t 10 .I knew scares didn’t 11 the problem.I actually removed my headphones to talk to someone I knew in the street.I was 12 .I went to the supermarket and 13 ，which kept me cool.I lost some money，but I thought it was only money.When I got home，I turned on the computer.Beyond my 14 ，I found this site and the smile 15 through surfing on the web.In the 16 were these smile cards which I’d never heard of.So here I am!14.A.reach B.ability
C.expectation D.touch解析　联系下文“these smile cards which I’d never heard of”可知，这些笑容卡是我之前从未听说的，由此可推知我发现这个网站和笑容卡是意料之外的。beyond expectation出乎预料，意料之外。故选C。√15.A.cards B.pictures
C.words D.videos解析　联系下文“these smile cards which I’d never heard of”可知，我发现了这个网站和笑容卡。故选A。√16.A.drawer B.web
C.room D.book解析　联系上句“surfing on the web”可知这些笑容卡在网上。故选B。√When I got home，I turned on the computer.Beyond my 14 ，I found this site and the smile 15 through surfing on the web.In the 16 were these smile cards which I’d never heard of.So here I am!I changed my 17 acts plan after the early June trip，for every day I was anxiety-free.I’d do something to say thank you to life for a good day.By now I’ve 18 food for humans and pets in need of help，and helped strangers 19 their shopping upstairs.The universe was possibly sending me a 20 message with the smile cards.17.A.serious B.casual
C.general D.wasteful解析　联系上文的“I’d do a casual act of”可知，六月初的旅行之后我改变了这种随意的(casual)的行为计划。故选B。√18.A.donated B.exchanged
C.sold D.stolen解析　由下文的“helped strangers”可知，此处指的是捐赠食物。故选A。donate捐赠； exchange交换； sell卖；steal偷。√I changed my 17 acts plan after the early June trip，for every day I was anxiety-free.I’d do something to say thank you to life for a good day.By now I’ve 18 food for humans and pets in need of help，and helped strangers 19 their shopping upstairs.The universe was possibly sending me a 20 message with the smile cards.19.A.sell B.buy
C.find D.lift解析　根据语境可知，此处指我帮助陌生人提东西上楼梯。故选D。sell卖；buy买；find发现；lift举起，抬高。√I changed my 17 acts plan after the early June trip，for every day I was anxiety-free.I’d do something to say thank you to life for a good day.By now I’ve 18 food for humans and pets in need of help，and helped strangers 19 their shopping upstairs.The universe was possibly sending me a 20 message with the smile cards.20.A.bad B.attractive
C.positive D.passive解析　联系第二段中的“what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive”可知，作者是想找到保持积极乐观的计划。故可推知，此处指宇宙可能用笑容卡给我发了一条积极的信息。故选C。bad坏的；attractive有吸引力的；positive积极的；passive被动的，消极的。√I changed my 17 acts plan after the early June trip，for every day I was anxiety-free.I’d do something to say thank you to life for a good day.By now I’ve 18 food for humans and pets in need of help，and helped strangers 19 their shopping upstairs.The universe was possibly sending me a 20 message with the smile cards.语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了自己克服焦虑和气愤的方法及保持积极乐观的经历。PART
2名师点津一、题型解读
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。 与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空有如下命题特点：
1.文章多用一般现在时态。 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用一般现在时态。
2.语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。 说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。
3.文章主题明确，层次分明。 高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。 而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。二、解题技巧
1.明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。 在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
2.弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。 把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。PART
3随堂限时练(2018·河北衡水中学一调)
Do you ever feel like you are studying a mad rush of one subject after another? When things happen at such a 1 1pace，it is easy to lose sight of what you are learning.It is important to 2 every now and then to think about what you’ve been learning.1.A.steady B.fast C.relaxing D.unique解析　根据前文的“a mad rush of one subject after another”可知，此处是指比较快的(fast)节奏。故选B。√2.A.change B.check C.stop D.exercise解析　时不时地停下来(stop)回想一下你一直在学的东西是非常重要的。故选C。下文的“stopping the mad rush”亦是提示。√8Self-reflection means stopping the mad rush and 3 yourself so your brain can 5evaluate what it has already 4 .Some people prefer to do their self-reflections 5 ，while others keep a 2journal.Either method can work，depending on what your own personal 6 is.3.A.calming B.enjoying C.behaving D.helping解析　根据上文提到快节奏的学习以及空前的“stopping the mad rush”可知，此处应是指让自己平静下来。故选A。calm使……平静。√4.A.dealt B.forgotten C.found D.received解析　平静下来，让你的大脑能评估它接收到的东西。receive接收，收到，符合题意。故选D。√8Self-reflection means stopping the mad rush and 3 yourself so your brain can 5evaluate what it has already 4 .Some people prefer to do their self-reflections 5 ，while others keep a 2journal.Either method can work，depending on what your own personal 6 is.5.A.personally B.mentally C.slowly D.directly解析　与下文的“keep a journal”相对应，此处应指在心理上反思，故选B。√6.A.pace B.grade C.skill D.style解析　这两种方法都会奏效，这取决于你自己的风格。故选D。√School textbooks are often divided into units.This can make it 7 for someone to begin the process of self-reflection.Watch for the times when you complete a unit of study.Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is
8 because there is some kind of test or 3quiz.Use these natural 9 as 7opportunities to stop and reflect.7.A.quick B.necessary
C.easy D.hard解析　make it easy for sb. to do sth. 使某人容易做某事。根据前文的“教科书被分成单元”可知选C。√8.A.finished B.divided
C.interrupted D.covered解析　与下文的“test or quiz”相对应，应是这部分完成了。故选A。√School textbooks are often divided into units.This can make it 7 for someone to begin the process of self-reflection.Watch for the times when you complete a unit of study.Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is
8 because there is some kind of test or 3quiz.Use these natural 9 as 7opportunities to stop and reflect.9.A.breaks B.tests
C.units D.periods解析　根据空后的“as opportunities to stop and reflect”可知，此处指利用这种自然的停顿去反思。故选A。break停顿。√School textbooks are often divided into units.This can make it 7 for someone to begin the process of self-reflection.Watch for the times when you complete a unit of study.Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is
8 because there is some kind of test or 3quiz.Use these natural 9 as 7opportunities to stop and reflect.You should find a 10 place—anywhere without noise is OK.This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something 11 and the other students are still working.If you are going to take notes，take out your journal.Write down some notes on things that you 12 learned in this unit.Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some 13 .10.A.safe B.familiar C.quiet D.comfortable解析　根据下文的“without noise”可知，此处指选一个安静的(quiet)地方，故选C。√11.A.correctly B.finally C.early D.independently解析　与空后的“the other students are still working”形成对比，故early“及早地”，符合题意。故选C。√You should find a 10 place—anywhere without noise is OK.This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something 11 and the other students are still working.If you are going to take notes，take out your journal.Write down some notes on things that you 12 learned in this unit.Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some 13 .12.A.actively B.newly C.rapidly D.carefully解析　记下你本单元新学到的东西。newly最新，最近，符合语境。下一段中的“new information”亦是提示。√13.A.choices B.decisions C.connections D.improvements解析　这里是指让新旧知识相连，也可参考下一段中的“allows your brain to make connections”。故选C。√9Sometimes just 4pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again.Next，think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a certain body system，but you don’t 17 how it works with the other body systems.Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem，but you’re not sure when to use it.Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic.14.A.in case B.so that C.even if D.as though解析　空后是前一分句的目的，故选B。in case万一； so that以至于；even if即使；as though好像。√9Sometimes just 4pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again.Next，think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a certain body system，but you don’t 17 how it works with the other body systems.Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem，but you’re not sure when to use it.Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic.15.A.seek B.share
C.show D.need解析　以便当你再次需要新信息时，它能够快速出现。故选D。√9Sometimes just 4pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again.Next，think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a certain body system，but you don’t 17 how it works with the other body systems.Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem，but you’re not sure when to use it.Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic.16.A.In general B.Of course C.For example D.As usual解析　根据上文内容和下文中的“maybe...”“Maybe...”可知，此处是在举例子，故选C。for example例如。√9Sometimes just 4pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again.Next，think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a certain body system，but you don’t 17 how it works with the other body systems.Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem，but you’re not sure when to use it.Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic.17.A.know B.doubt C.believe D.remember解析　但是你不知道(know)它是如何与身体的其他系统一起工作的。故选A。下一句中的“not sure”亦是提示。√9Sometimes just 4pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again.Next，think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a certain body system，but you don’t 17 how it works with the other body systems.Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem，but you’re not sure when to use it.Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic.18.A.opinions B.methods C.worries D.questions解析　根据下文中的answers可知，此处是指写下你的问题。故选D。question问题。√9Sometimes just 4pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again.Next，think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a certain body system，but you don’t 17 how it works with the other body systems.Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem，but you’re not sure when to use it.Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic.19.A.come across B.get through C.think of D.take away解析　此处是指当下一次遇到相同的题目时。故选A。come across遇到。√Self-reflection is an 6essential skill for a 20 student.If you have never taken the time to reflect，try it now.20.A.talented B.successful
C.serious D.young解析　自我反思是一个成功学生的基本技能。故选B。successful成功的。√语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我反思的定义以及它是如何帮助学生学习的。做完以上完形后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句素材提炼再拓展Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1.We encourage all the students to study at their own pace. ____
2.He has formed the habit of keeping a journal every day. ____
3.Tom likes watching TV，especially likes watching quiz shows. ________
4.He made a short pause and then went on reading. _____节奏智力竞赛日记停顿(二)同义词语替换
5.We need to evaluate how well the policy is working. _____
6.The words are essential for everybody to learn English. _____________
7.May I take this opportunity to thank you for all your hard work. ______assessnecessary/vitalchance(三)一词多义
8.reflection n.反映；倒影；映像；深思；仔细考虑
(1)To some extent，students’ grades are a reflection of teachers. ____
(2)We looked at our reflections in the lake. ____
(3)A week off would give him time for reflection. ________反映倒影仔细考虑Ⅱ.长难句理解
9.Sometimes just pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections so that new information can quickly appear when you need it again.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，主语部分为_______短语pausing to think deeply；so that引导_________从句。在从句中when引导_________从句。
[精美译文]　_________________________________________________________
________________________________________________ 有时候仅仅是短暂地停下来深思一下就能使你的大脑建立联系，以便当你再次需要新信息时，新信息就会很快速出现。动名词目的状语时间状语本课结束 课件47张PPT。专题四　完形填空真题感悟名师点津随堂限时练第二节　夹叙夹议文PART
1真题感悟(2019·江苏)
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.There are species(物种) that are 36 every day.The white-naped crane is a typical example.So scientists are trying their best to 37 the species from going out of existence.36.A.growing B.migrating
C.competing D.disappearing解析　根据该段中的“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.”可知，在现代，野生动物受到了极大的威胁，每天都有物种在消失。disappear消失。√37.A.ban B.save
C.split D.remove√解析　科学家们正在尽最大努力拯救白枕鹤这一物种，使其免于灭绝。下文讲述了Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做出的努力。save拯救。(2019·江苏)
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.There are species(物种) that are 36 every day.The white-naped crane is a typical example.So scientists are trying their best to 37 the species from going out of existence.Chris and Tim work at a zoo，helping endangered cranes with their
38 .Emma，a female crane，has been in their 39 since she arrived in 2004.38.A.abortion B.recreation
C.reproduction D.administration解析　下文讲述了Chris和Tim帮助Emma繁殖，由此可知，Chris和Tim在一家动物园工作，帮助濒临灭绝的鹤繁殖。reproduction繁殖。√39.A.care B.eye
C.mind D.story解析　Emma是一只雌性鹤，自从2004年来到这个动物园后，就一直在他们的照顾之下。in sb. ’s care(＝being looked after by sb. )由某人照顾。√40.A.found B.chosen
C.raised D.seized解析　根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans”可知，Emma由人类饲养员饲养。raise饲养。√Born at an international crane foundation，Emma was 40 by human caretakers.This led to an unexpected 41 ，though she had a wonderful time there.Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.She 43 to live with male cranes，and even had a 44 for killing some of them，which made it 45 for her to become a mother.41.A.bonus B.consequence
C.victory D.sacrifice解析　根据下文中的“Emma had...become deeply attached to humans...killing some of them”可知，这导致了一个意想不到的后果。consequence后果。√Born at an international crane foundation，Emma was 40 by human caretakers.This led to an unexpected 41 ，though she had a wonderful time there.Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.She 43 to live with male cranes，and even had a 44 for killing some of them，which made it 45 for her to become a mother.42.A.never B.always
C.unluckily D.cheerfully解析　Emma从来没有把自己当成一只鹤，它对人类产生了很深的感情。根据语境可知，此处用否定副词never。√Born at an international crane foundation，Emma was 40 by human caretakers.This led to an unexpected 41 ，though she had a wonderful time there.Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.She 43 to live with male cranes，and even had a 44 for killing some of them，which made it 45 for her to become a mother.43.A.liked B.refused
C.decided D.hesitated解析　根据上文可知，Emma对人类有很深的感情；再根据下文中的“killing some of them...”可推知，它拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，甚至有杀害雄鹤的名声。refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事。√Born at an international crane foundation，Emma was 40 by human caretakers.This led to an unexpected 41 ，though she had a wonderful time there.Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.She 43 to live with male cranes，and even had a 44 for killing some of them，which made it 45 for her to become a mother.44.A.gift B.skill
C.concern D.reputation解析　参见上题解析。have a reputation for有……的名声。reputation名声。√45.A.illegal B.inspiring C.important D.impossible解析　根据上文可知，Emma拒绝和雄鹤一起生活，甚至会杀死它们。由此推知，这使它无法成为一位母亲，此处用否定意义的形容词impossible。√Born at an international crane foundation，Emma was 40 by human caretakers.This led to an unexpected 41 ，though she had a wonderful time there.Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.She 43 to live with male cranes，and even had a 44 for killing some of them，which made it 45 for her to become a mother.46.A.Therefore B.Moreover
C.However D.Instead解析　然而，Chris和Tim并不想看到这一珍贵物种灭绝。上下文有转折关系。however然而。√ 46 ，the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species.With their patience and efforts，they successfully developed a 47 of artificial breeding(人工繁殖) and natural reproduction.This 48 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.47.A.combination B.collection C.strategy D.system解析　在Chris和Tim的耐心和努力下，他们成功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合起来。combination结合，联合。√48.A.forced B.forbade C.taught D.enabled解析　这使得Emma生下了五只鹤宝宝。enable...to do sth. 使……有能力做某事。√ 46 ，the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species.With their patience and efforts，they successfully developed a 47 of artificial breeding(人工繁殖) and natural reproduction.This 48 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.The two keepers are proud of their productive work.But before they can be 49 ，more efforts must be made，because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 50 ，and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 51 ，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal rights to survive.49.A.defeated B.grateful
C.assured D.tolerant√解析　Chris和Tim为他们富有成效的工作感到自豪，但他们必须付出更多的努力才有把握。assured自信的，有把握的。50.A.list B.rise
C.agenda D.decline√解析　野生鹤的数量正在下降，许多其他物种似乎正走向灭绝。on the decline在下降。The two keepers are proud of their productive work.But before they can be 49 ，more efforts must be made，because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 50 ，and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 51 ，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal rights to survive.51.A.In contrast B.After all
C.By the way D.On the contrary√解析　毕竟，并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。after all毕竟，符合语境。in contrast相比之下；by the way顺便说一下；on the contrary与此相反。The two keepers are proud of their productive work.But before they can be 49 ，more efforts must be made，because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 50 ，and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 51 ，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal rights to survive.How can we 52 the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals？Chris and Tim offered us the 53 ：human beings took it for granted that their 54 held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be a better 55 .52.A.leave B.bridge
C.open D.identify√解析　我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间不断扩大的鸿沟呢？bridge弥合(差距)，消除(分歧)。53.A.course B.excuse
C.answer D.reward √解析　Chris和Tim给了我们答案，下文中的“human beings took it for granted that...”就是他们的答案。answer答案。54.A.brains B.behaviors C.services D.projects√解析　人类想当然地认为他们的大脑(brain)掌握了所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为更好的向导(guide)。55.A.guide B.treat
C.example D.companion√解析　参见上题解析。语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在现代，野生动物受到了极大的威胁，每天都有物种在消失。Chris和Tim努力拯救白枕鹤这一物种，使其免于灭绝。How can we 52 the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals？Chris and Tim offered us the 53 ：human beings took it for granted that their 54 held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be a better 55 .PART
2名师点津一、题型解读
夹叙夹议类的完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：
1.事例→观点：先叙述一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理。
2.观点→事例：先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明。 一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3.观点→事例→观点：首先提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。二、解题技巧
1.分析结构，抓住作者的观点。 在做题时大家要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。 看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。
2.重视首句，把握文章主题。 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。 通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
3.叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。 夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。 在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。 所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。4.抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。PART
3随堂限时练(2019·湘赣十四校联考)
At a beautiful beach a little boy on his knees packs the sand into a bucket.He turns the bucket upside down and 1 it.To the 2 of the little 1architect，a castle tower is created.He works all afternoon packing the walls，building sentries(哨兵) with bottle tops and bridges with sticks.And a sandcastle will be built.1.A.kicks B.lifts
C.breaks D.covers解析　根据下文男孩在堆沙堡可知，他是将水桶口朝下举(lift)了起来，故选B。√2.A.surprise B.relief
C.amusement D.delight解析　由下文沙堡堆好了可知，小建筑家是“高兴的”，to the delight of sb. 令某人高兴的是。故选D。 √In a big city with 3 streets and traffic，a man works in an office.He packs papers into piles，holds the phone between his 4 and shoulder and
5 the keyboard with his fingers.2Contracts get signed and to the joy of the man，a 6 is made.His 3pension will be sentries and capital gains will be
7 .An empire will be built.3.A.lonely B.busy
C.clean D.empty解析　由空前的“a big city”可知，街道和交通是“繁忙的”，故选B。√4.A.hand B.neck
C.arm D.ear解析　由空前的“holds the phone”可知，一位男士在接电话，故电话是放在“耳朵”和肩膀之间，故选D。√5.A.fixes B.touches
C.hits D.checks解析　fix修理；touch触碰；hit打击，敲打；check检查。由语境知，此处指用手指敲打着键盘，故选C。√In a big city with 3 streets and traffic，a man works in an office.He packs papers into piles，holds the phone between his 4 and shoulder and
5 the keyboard with his fingers.2Contracts get signed and to the joy of the man，a 6 is made.His 3pension will be sentries and capital gains will be
7 .An empire will be built.6.A.profit B.point
C.record D.wish解析　根据空前的“contracts”可知，那位男士是在谈生意，签了合同，一笔盈利就这样到手了，故选A。√In a big city with 3 streets and traffic，a man works in an office.He packs papers into piles，holds the phone between his 4 and shoulder and
5 the keyboard with his fingers.2Contracts get signed and to the joy of the man，a 6 is made.His 3pension will be sentries and capital gains will be
7 .An empire will be built.7.A.bridges B.tools
C.buckets D.beaches解析　由第一段倒数第二句和空前已经出现的sentries可知，空处应填bridges。与上文呼应。故选A。√In a big city with 3 streets and traffic，a man works in an office.He packs papers into piles，holds the phone between his 4 and shoulder and
5 the keyboard with his fingers.2Contracts get signed and to the joy of the man，a 6 is made.His 3pension will be sentries and capital gains will be
7 .An empire will be built.8.A.in hand B.in common
C.in need D.in total解析　由上文语境和下文的两个“They both...”和“And for both...”可知，这两个城堡的建造者之间有许多共同点。have sth. in common与……有共同点，故选B。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.9.A.increase B.cut
C.shape D.put解析　shape...into...使……成为……形状(或样子)；将……塑造成……。故选C。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.10.A.something B.anything
C.everything D.nothing解析　他们都是从一无所有中创造出美丽的事物。故选D。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.11.A.award B.victory
C.future D.end解析　由语境和常识可知，潮水上涨，沙堡会被淹没，一切都会结束。故选D。下文的“end of his castle”和“his empire is fading”亦是提示。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.12.A.similarities B.competitions
C.differences D.changes解析　根据上文一切都会结束，这也正是相似之处就止于此。故选A。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.13.A.follows B.accepts C.ignores D.enjoys解析　由下文小男孩对自己被毁的沙堡和那个男士对待自己衰落的帝国的不同态度可知，小男孩看到了他城堡的结局，而那个男士则忽视了。此处while表示前后的对比，故选C。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.14.A.jumps B.struggles
C.sticks D.bends解析　根据后文的feet可知，此处应选jumps，表示孩子跳了起来。故选A。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.15.A.dream B.gift
C.masterpiece D.memory解析　当海浪冲走他的杰作(masterpiece)时，他开始鼓掌。故选C。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.16.A.excitement B.hesitation
C.fear D.desire解析　根据上下文语境可知，男孩对于海浪冲走自己的作品并不悲伤、害怕和遗憾。故选C。√The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.17.A.wise B.naughty
C.curious D.active解析　根据上文那个男士忽视了创造的东西总有结束的一天，因此他并不像那个孩子一样明智(wise)。故选A。√The man in his office is not very 17 like the child.8As his empire is 4fading，he is terrified，trying to 18 it.“It’s my castle！” he 19 at the incoming tide.18.A.finish B.protect
C.improve D.collect解析　随着他的帝国日渐衰落，他感到恐惧，并试图去保护(protect)它。故选B。√19.A.glances B.stares
C.yells D.points解析　根据上文那个男士非常恐惧自己的帝国衰落，因此对着即将到来的岁月海浪叫喊(yell)“这是我的城堡！”。故选C。√The man in his office is not very 17 like the child.8As his empire is 4fading，he is terrified，trying to 18 it.“It’s my castle！” he 19 at the incoming tide.20.A.sets B.shines
C.rises D.burns解析　由下文的“the tides take”和“go home”可知，此处指太阳落下(set)。故选A。√Go ahead and build your dreams，but with a child’s heart.When the sun 20 and the tides take，just 5applaud.Salute the process of life and go home with a smile.语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过男孩建造沙堡和男人在工作中创造自己的帝国进行对比，当海浪来临时，男孩面对自己的杰作被冲走，拍手跳跃，而男人则是恐惧。这启示我们凡事只要用心了，享受了过程，结局就随潮起潮落，这都是生命的过程。做完以上完形后，巧妙运用语境，解决障碍词和长难句素材提炼再拓展Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1.The building was constructed from the design of that architect. ______
2.Being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed. __________
3.I would have been much wiser to start my own pension plan when I was younger.
______
4.They arrived home just as the light was fading. ____建筑师养老金合同；契约变暗(二) 同义词语替换
5.As the president ended his speech，we all applauded politely. _______clapped(三)一词多义
6.approach n.靠近；接近；道路；通道；方法v.接近；临近；处理；与……接洽
(1)The population of our province is now approaching 100 million. ____
(2)She decided to adopt a different approach to the problem. ____
(3)All approaches to the town were blocked. ____
(4)We have been approached by a number of companies that are interested in our product. ___________
(5)With great enthusiasm，he talked about how he found issues and approached them. ____接近方法道路与……接洽处理Ⅱ.长难句理解
7.As the dusk approaches and waves near，the child jumps to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his masterpiece.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，两个as分别引导两个_____状语从句。
[精美译文]　_________________________________________________________
____________________ 当黄昏临近，波浪靠近时，这个小孩跳了起来；当海浪冲走他的杰作时，他开始鼓掌。时间8.As his empire is fading，he is terrified，trying to protect it.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，as引导的是时间状语从句；trying to protect it是现在分词短语作_________。
[精美译文]　________________________________________________ 随着他的帝国日渐衰落，他很害怕，并试图去保护它。伴随状语本课结束 近三年浙江卷考点分布表
　 年份
题型　　　
2019.6
2018.11
2018.6
2017.11
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
句内层次题(较易试题)
10
9
10
9
句组层次题(中等难度试题)
6
7
8
8
语篇层次题(较难试题)
4
4
2
3
分析近三年的浙江卷高考试题，我们不难发现，完形填空的文章体裁主要是记叙文。内容主要是传播知识，传递正能量，可读性较强。题型分为句内层次题、句组层次题、语篇层次题等三个层次，以句内层次题和句组层次题为主，语篇层次题为辅，较难的语篇层次题仅有3道左右。这就要求考生在做完形填空题时，心中始终有这三个层次，认真甄别每道题是属于哪种层次，然后再确定用何种方法来解题，从而做到每题全对。
一、四大方法速判句内层面题
句内层面题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些解题信息就可直接做答。对于此类题目，考生可以边读边填，将原文信息尽量复原。
方法1　利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题
完形填空中经常会考查一些习惯搭配、固定结构和固定句式，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。
[典例]　(2019·全国Ⅰ)
Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures.
51．A.studied B．observed
C．explored D．regarded
分析：考查固定搭配。regard...as...把……看作，认为……是，符合语境。句意为：在许多文化中，山被认为是精神圣地。study研究；observe观察；explore探索。故选D。
方法2　利用生活常识和文化背景解题
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西方文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确的判断。
[典例]　(2019·全国Ⅱ)
Jeff had 54 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog，Rosie，but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched 55.in vain for Rosie in the next four days.
54．A.hunted B．skied
C．lived D．worked
分析：这道题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。根据下文语境和生活常识判断，狗听到枪声吓跑了可知，此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎，hunt打猎。故选A。
方法3　利用对应成分分析法解题
完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。
[典例]　(2019·浙江)
What’s 47.particularly interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49.ask at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50.challenge is all the more serious when you consider the 51.demanding exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
48．A.easiest B．nearest
C．biggest D．richest
分析：本题可以利用对应成分分析法解题。
根据空后的“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知，空处应该是与最困难的作对比，因此柏林是最容易的(easiest)。故选A。
方法4　利用语境暗示分析法解题
上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例]　(2019·全国Ⅱ)
It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota.During the long trip home，following a weekend of hunting，Ehlers 41.thought about the small dog he had seen 42.trembling alongside the road.He had 43.tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but，frightened，it had 44 .
44．A.calmed down B．stood up
C．rolled over D．run off
分析：根据上下文语境，他在尽力地哄那只狗，可是它很害怕，所以此处指那只狗跑掉了(run off)。故选D。
二、三大方法智取句组层面题
句组层面题是比句内层面题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中，解题时需瞻前顾后，综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
方法1　利用词义/语义复现解题
复现是一种词义/语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。
[典例]　 (2019·全国Ⅰ)
However，I soon 45.discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish.I find a 47.clean mountain，with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 48.significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49.paying off.
46．A.equipment B．grass
C．camps D．stones
分析：本题可以利用词义/语义复现解题。由下文“at camps ”可知，本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。
方法2　利用作者态度或感彩关联解题
在高考完形填空文章中，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是我们做题时重要的参照线索，可以帮助我们快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
[典例]　(2019·全国Ⅰ)
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro，the highest mountain in Africa.They 41.bring with them lots of waste.The 42.crowds might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing，changing the 43.face of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories，I’m 44 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
44．A.silent B．skeptical
C．serious D．crazy
分析：本题可以利用作者态度或感彩关联解题。第一段谈到大批登山者给乞力马扎罗山带来了很多的垃圾，人群可能会破坏这个地方的美丽。冰川正在消失，改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。其他目的地被描述为“更纯粹”的自然体验，所以作者对乞力马扎罗山被严重破坏这一情况表示怀疑。由下文可知，作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山，作者想解开这个怀疑。故B选项切题。
方法3　利用逻辑关系解题
在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题同样是一种重要的方法。
[典例]　(2019·天津)
...Without 23.delay，I called to thank her.She said she 24.spotted my wallet on a bus seat.She 25.calculated that going to a stranger’s house was a 26 move，but she decided to take the chance...
26．A.selfless B．risky
C．slow D．personal
分析：本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和“she decided to take the chance(她还是决定去冒险)”是转折关系。那么该句应指去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。故B选项正确。risky冒险的。
方法4　利用语境暗示分析法解题
在句组层次题中，有些题目我们往往也需要通过上下文的语境暗示来解题，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。
[典例]　(2019·全国Ⅱ)
...He had 43.tried to coax(哄)the dog to him but，frightened，it had 44.run off.
Back home，Ehlers was troubled by that 45.lost dog.So，four days later，he called his friend Greg，and the two drove 46.back.After a long and careful 47.search，Greg saw，across a field，the dog moving 48 away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49.joy.It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.
48．A.cautiously B．casually
C．skillfully D．angrily
分析：本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据文中提到的frightened，nervousness，fear等词并结合上下文可知，小狗非常地谨慎小心。cautiously谨慎地，小心地。故选A。
三、“一原则、三方法”做好语篇层面题
语篇层面题的解答必须立足于整个语篇，因此在解题时，对于此类题目要坚持一原则：不急于解答，读完全文综合思维后再定夺。要跨越段落，顺藤摸瓜，仔细对比，最终得出答案。具体来说，可采用以下三法来解题：
方法1　利用语义复现解题
在语篇层面题中，我们同样可以利用语义复现法来解题。
[典例]　 (2019·天津)
I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me.My wallet was gone.I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some 16.unknown station.
The 17 moment was quickly followed by mental math.How much time and money would it cost to replace the 18.contents of that little wallet?
17．A.face-saving B．brain-washing
C．eye-catching D．heart-stopping
分析：本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们无法确定答案，此类题目需要综合全篇来找线索。本题可以利用语义复现解题。由第一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”。之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近或同义，故D选项切题。heart-stopping令人心悸的。
方法2　利用首尾呼应关系解题
完形填空在许多情况下不仅仅是在讲述一个故事，而是通过故事来升华主题，而升华的内容往往在文章结尾处，与首段内容形成首尾呼应关系。因此，我们做题不是只到最后一空，而是看到最后一个词，而且要学会“回头看”(重点看首段)。不要过早地放松而忽略了首尾呼应关系，在最后一两道题上留下遗憾。
[典例]　 (2019·全国Ⅰ)
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？I found the opposite to be true.
60．A.enjoy B．deserve
C．save D．acquire
分析：本题可以采用首尾呼应关系法来解题。纵观全文，文章开头讲到有报道称乞力马扎罗山受到污染，作者提出了质疑，并发现其环境污染问题已经有了很大改观；随后作者以大段文字描述了乞力马扎罗山奇妙的生态系统，因此作者最后得出结论，乞力马扎罗山应该背负一座被游客毁掉了宁谧意境的拥挤之山的名声吗？答案是否定的。deserve one’s reputation 意为“名不虚传，实至名归”。故B选项切题。
方法3　利用文章发展脉络解题
做完形填空题时要合理想象，即合理思考和推理，但绝不能脑洞大开，甚至“胡思乱想”，必须“随文应变”，不可“一意孤行”，要随着文段的发展脉络来调整预测偏差。
[典例]　(2019·全国Ⅰ)
...I 56.count twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57.desert：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59.permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear...
58．A.Obviously B．Easily
C．Consequently D．Finally
分析：本段前面的内容已经描述了四种不同的生态系统，此处应该要达到了乞力马扎罗山的最高处了，“最终(finally)”登山者进入了一个类似北极的区域。故D选项切题。
第一节　记叙文
(2019·6月浙江)
There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually，the 36 the idea is，the more it gets noticed.And that’s precisely why one 37 Frenchman has caught our attention.
Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving 38 on discarded(丢弃的) food.The three-month，1,900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 39 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.
As you can 40 ，the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants 41 tons of food each year，much of it remains inaccessible because of 42 garbage containers，health regulations，or business policies.Only about one in ten places 43 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal 44 ，most restaurants have a policy against 45 food waste.“Some people have even 46 their jobs by giving me food，” Dubanchet said.
What’s 47 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 48 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There，he had to 49 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the 51 exercise required to bike from France to Poland.
“I have to get food 52 because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 53 ，” Dubanchet explained.“Is my 54 full or empty? That is the most important thing，not what I am eating.”
He aims to 55 his journey by mid-July.With any luck，he’ll turn a few more heads in the process.
语篇解读　本文讲述了法国人Baptiste Dubanchet一路骑自行车穿越欧洲，途中以丢弃的食物为生，试图通过他的行为，来唤起人们对食物浪费现象的关注。
36．A.cleverer B．older
C．stranger D．simpler
答案　C
解析　根据下文中的“the more it gets noticed”可知，此处是“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..(越……，越……)”结构，语意表示“想法越不寻常，就越能引起人们的关注”。
37．A.garbage-eating B．sports-loving
C．food-wasting D．law-breaking
答案　A
解析　根据下文中的“on discarded(丢弃) food”和全文可知，Baptiste Dubanchet一路靠丢弃的食物为生，由此可知他是个“吃垃圾的人”。
38．A.secretly B．finally
C．entirely D．probably
答案　C
解析　他完全依靠丢弃的食物来维持生活，以此来唤起人们珍惜食物的意识。
39．A.purpose B．way
C．opinion D．dream
答案　B
解析　这是一种唤起人们对食物浪费现象进行关注的方式。
40．A.observe B．imagine
C．suggest D．remember
答案　B
解析　正如你能想象的，这趟骑行并不是一帆风顺的。
41．A.store B．cook
C．shop for D．throw away
答案　D
解析　根据上下文可知，餐馆每年要倒掉数吨食物。
42．A.locked B．damaged
C．connected D．abandoned
答案　A
解析　根据上文可知，这些被丢弃的食物被锁在了垃圾箱里。
43．A.bought B．offered
C．ordered D．sold
答案　B
解析　根据下文可知，只有大约1/10的地方愿意为他提供被丢弃的食物。
44．A.reasons B．rights
C．fees D．aids
答案　A
解析　出于法律上的原因，大部分餐馆都有规定，不允许把要丢弃的食物送掉。
45．A.begging for B．giving away
C．hiding D．causing
答案　B
解析　参考上题解析。give away赠送，分发，选B。
46．A.did B．kept
C．accepted D．risked
答案　D
解析　有些人冒着丢掉工作的风险给我食物。此处risk意为“冒……的风险”。根据语境可知，选D。
47．A.hardly B．usually
C．particularly D．merely
答案　C
解析　特别有意思的是，不同城市对他这种行为的态度各不相同。particularly特别，尤其。根据语境可知，选C。
48．A.easiest B．nearest
C．biggest D．richest
答案　A
解析　根据下文提到的“the most difficult”可知，柏林是他最容易得到食物的城市，而捷克的比尔森市是最难的。故选A。
49．A.work B．shout
C．ask D．jump
答案　C
解析　在比尔森市，他不得不询问了约50家不同的商店或餐馆，才讨得食物。故选C。
50．A.competition B．conversation
C．conflict D．challenge
答案　D
解析　此处的challenge表示“挑战，艰巨任务”，根据语意可知，这个过程很艰难。故选D。
51．A.adequate B．rewarding
C．demanding D．suitable
答案　C
解析　这是一项费力的活动，需要一路从法国骑自行车到波兰。根据句意可知，选C。
52．A.again B．alone
C．later D．fast
答案　D
解析　根据语意可知，一路骑自行车，到达目的地后又累又饿，肯定需要尽快地获得食物，以补充身体所需的能量。故选fast。
53．A.spirit B．energy
C．time D．effort
答案　B
解析　参考上题解析。
54．A.stomach B．hand
C．pocket D．basket
答案　A
解析　根据语境可知，此处表示“我的肚子是不是饱了”，所以填stomach“胃”，由此选A。
55．A.arrange B．restart
C．report D．finish
答案　D
解析　他打算在7月中旬完成他的此次旅行，故选D。
一、题型解读
记叙文完形填空可分为叙事和记人两种形式，它们有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅；大量使用动词；适当出现直接引语。
二、解题技巧
1．抓住文章中心。 中心思想是文章的灵魂和统帅，其他的写作要素都紧紧围绕这一中心进行。 抓住中心有助于明确做题方向，提高针对性。
2．明确叙述角度。 通常记叙文有两大叙述角度：第一人称和第三人称。 第一人称就是从“自我参与”的角度进行叙述，考生可从字里行间读出作者对人物、事件或景色的情感态度。 第三人称就是从“旁观者”的角度客观地记人、叙事、状物。 在做题时考生可采用“角色渗透法”，即假设自己就是文中的角色会有什么感受、做出怎样的选择等，这样有助于走进作者的思维，深入理解文章的含义。
3．理清写作顺序。 根据写作的需要作者往往采用顺叙、倒叙或插叙等方法进行叙述。 理清这些线索有助于了解事情发展的来龙去脉，从而更迅速、准确地理解文意。
4．明确写作要素。 包括事情发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、事件的内容(what)、人物(who)、原因(why)等。 弄清了这些要素也就基本上抓住了文章的主体，理解了整篇文章。
5．洞悉写作目的。 同学们要知道就事论事绝不是记叙文的最终目的，而最终目的是借助叙事来阐明一个道理，给人以启迪或教益。 因此，只有在分析具体情节的基础上认真体会文字背后的东西才能洞悉作者的写作目的，抓住文章的主题。
(2019·东北三省三校一模)
Several months ago，Greece suffered from the refugee(难民) 1disaster.I hadn’t been 1 of the scale(规模) of it until I actually got to Greece.I 2 as manager of the Oinofyta Camp.This work is like being a 3 ，and I realized that I had met my 4 ，which was to 4take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about，not 5 .
All of the Greek islands are 6 .I have a camp that within three or four days could 7 500 people.
When your life is spent getting handouts(救济品) from everyone all day，you lose your 8 .7I had this 9 idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover 10 2material.Those people were the 11 people in the camp because they had a purpose.We have 12 in America who want to buy these bags now.
Learning to say 13 has been one of the harder things here at the camp；the constant 14 of 3residents.I was so happy for them when they got their family 15 ，and so sad because I knew that the 16 of me being able to 17 see them again was 5pretty slim.
My 18 kids are all asking me the same question now：“Mom，when are you coming home？”I don’t know.8I hope that my legacy(遗赠) here is that the refugees will always remember that I cared about them，that they were special and 19 ，and that they were 6worthy of that 20 .
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在希腊遭受难民灾难期间，作者去希腊的奥诺费塔难民营服务，看到难民终日靠救济度日，作者想出了一个帮助他们创业的主意，这让难民的生活有了奔头也变得快乐起来，作者希望难民们永远记住自己关心他们。
1．A.afraid B．aware
C．fond D．ashamed
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“until I actually got to Greece”可知，直到作者真正到了希腊她才知道那里的难民灾难的规模有多大，故B项正确。be aware of知道，意识到。
2．A.took over B．made for
C．came up D．figured out
答案　A
解析　根据本空后的“as manager of the Oinofyta Camp”可知，她接任(take over)奥诺费塔难民营管理者的工作，故A项正确。
3．A.teacher B．volunteer
C．mother D．lawyer
答案　C
解析　根据空格后的介绍“which was to take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about”可知，这个工作性质要像位母亲(mother)一样照顾他人，故C项正确。
4．A.failure B．goal
C．moment D．problem
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“which was to take care of them and show them that they were loved and cared about”可知，作者工作的目标(goal)是照顾难民，让他们感觉到自己是被爱和关心着的，故B项正确。
5．A.forced B．sheltered
C．cured D．forgotten
答案　D
解析　让他们感觉到自己是被爱和关心着的，并没有被遗忘(forget)，故D项正确。
6．A.overcrowded B．abandoned
C．observed D．involved
答案　A
解析　根据第一段第二句话可知，希腊的难民规模很大。由此可知，空处指希腊所有的岛屿都很拥挤(overcrowded)。空后一句也是提示。故A项正确。
7．A.employ B．train
C．examine D．serve
答案　D
解析　根据上文可知，我去希腊是为难民服务的，我的难民营可以为500人服务，故D项正确。
8．A.dignity B．pay
C．demand D．value
答案　A
解析　根据本空前的“When your life is spent getting handouts from everyone all day”和常识可知，当你的生活每天都在接受别人的救济时，你就会失去尊严(dignity)，故A项正确。
9．A.strange B．ordinary
C．wild D．peaceful
答案　C
解析　根据本空后的“idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover material”可知，我有一个疯狂的(wild)想法——那就是开始创业，用剩余的帐篷材料来缝制袋子。故C项正确。
10．A.cooking B．tent
C．heating D．wood
答案　B
解析　根据上下文多次出现的camp和常识可知，用来缝制袋子的应该是剩余的帐篷(tent)材料，故B项正确。
11．A.saddest B．happiest
C．bravest D．calmest
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“people in the camp because they had a purpose”可知，因为生活有了奔头，所以他们成了难民营里最快乐的人，故B项正确。
12．A.leaders B．consultants
C．workers D．purchasers
答案　D
解析　根据本空后的“in America who want to buy these bags now”可知，我们在美国有一些想买这些袋子的买家(purchaser)，故D项正确。
13．A.goodbye B．thanks
C．sorry D．hello
答案　A
解析　根据下文的“I was so happy...and so sad...see them again was pretty slim”可知，学习说再见(goodbye)是难民营里比较难的事情之一，故A项正确。
14．A.fighting B．checking
C．working D．changing
答案　D
解析　根据空后一句可知，空处指难民营里的难民是不断变化的(changing)。故D项正确。
15．A.anniversary B．party
C．reunion D．celebration
答案　C
解析　根据本空前的“I was so happy for them when they got their family”可知，作者很高兴看到他们与家人重聚，故C项正确。
16．A.pity B．intention
C．possibility D．reward
答案　C
解析　根据本空后的“of me being able to see them again was pretty slim”可知，作者很难过是因为她知道再见到他们的可能性(possibility)很小，故C项正确。
17．A.ever B．never
C．often D．seldom
答案　A
解析　作者知道再见到他们的可能性很小，故A项正确。ever在任何时候。
18．A.positive B．own
C．adopted D．selfish
答案　B
解析　根据本空后的“...kids are all asking me the same question now：‘Mom，when are you coming home？’”可知，作者自己的孩子问她：“妈妈，你什么时候回家？”，故B项正确。
19．A.unexpected B．thankful
C．considerate D．important
答案　D
解析　根据空处所在句可知，作者希望难民们永远记住她关心他们，他们是特别的、重要的(important)，并且他们值得被那样照顾。故D项正确。
20．A.benefit B．reward
C．care D．praise
答案　C
解析　care照顾，照料，护理。故C项正确。
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1．Because of the weather，the activity was a total disaster.彻底失败的人或事
2．He is a good soldier，but not really officer material.当……人员的料
3．He called upon the government to build more low-cost homes for local residents.居民
(二)同义词语替换
4．It has been my duty to help mom take care of my little brothers and sisters.
look after/care for/attend (to)
(三)一词多义
5．pretty adv.颇，相当；很，非常 adj.(人)漂亮的，好看的；(事物)悦耳/悦目的，好听的，好看的
(1)Jenny has a big house and a pretty garden in the city center.好看/悦目的
(2)Maria looks much prettier with her hair cut short.好看的
(3)The performance was pretty impressive.很/非常
(4)I am pretty sure he will say yes.相当
6．worthy adj.值得尊敬的；值得(或应得)……的
(1)He insisted that the problem worthy of attention be discussed at the meeting.值得……的
(2)He is a worthy champion and he has a lot of fans all over the world.值得敬重的
Ⅱ.长难句理解
7．I had this wild idea that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover tent material.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，that it would be great to start a business，sewing bags from leftover tent material是同位语从句，作idea的同位语，sewing bags from leftover tent material是动词-ing形式作方式状语。
[精美译文]　我有一个疯狂的想法，那就是开始创业，用剩余的帐篷材料来缝制袋子会很棒。
8．I hope that my legacy here is that the refugees will always remember that I cared about them，that they were special and important，and that they were worthy of that care.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，主句是I hope that；第一个that引导宾语从句，第二个that引导表语从句；最后三个that引导的是并列的remember的宾语从句。
[精美译文]　我希望在这儿我的遗赠是难民们会永远记住我关心他们，他们是特别的、重要的，并且他们值得那样被照顾。
强化练(二十三)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·江西九校高三一模)
I did my first wing-walk two years ago，on my 86 birthday.Then last June，aged 88，I did it again and 1 my own record as the world’s oldest 2 wing-walker.
There was something about being strapped(捆扎) to the 3 of a bright-yellow 1944 Boeing—Stearman that 4 my imagination.It’s very exciting.The first experience was nothing but tame.This year，I said to the 5 ，“Can you make it a bit more adventuresome？” He said，“I could do a loop-the-loop (翻筋斗) if you like？”
This time，he 6 doing half a loop which was very effective.You go down a bit，then straight up.All I felt was a bit 7 ，because it was windy.But you are 8 strapped.The pilot makes sure everything is 9 .I had gloves on，earplugs and lots of layers，which protected me.
Both times，we 10 from Gloucestershire Airport and were in the air for 15 minutes.You don’t sit on the wing—you sit on 11 looks like a chair.I wasn’t nervous.But when you look at the propellers(螺旋桨)，you do feel a little strange.You’re 12 at the beginning that it’s a 13 dangerous activity and things could go wrong.However，I said，“Well，at 88 what does it 14 ？ You’ve got to go sometime and you might as well go in a flame of 15 .”
At my age，a lot of people are 16 in their ways.I don’t think any of my 17 from my retirement home wants to 18 me.I imagine most of them think I’m 19 as a woman.But I do think people of my age should be doing more 20 things.You shouldn’t sit back and feel sorry for yourself.
语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。本文作者是一位88岁的老太太，她勇于挑战极限运动——机翼行走。而且，她还呼吁更多的老年人不要服老，要勇于挑战自我。
1．A.kept B．broke
C．saved D．protected
答案　B
解析　上一句提到作者在86岁时开始了第一次机翼行走，这里是说作者88岁时“打破(break)”了自己的纪录。break one’s record打破某人的纪录。故选B。
2．A.doctor B．repair
C．male D．female
答案　D
解析　根据最后一段中的“as a woman”可知，作者是世界上年龄最大的“女性(female)”机翼行走者。故选D。
3．A.wing B．head
C．tail D．bottom
答案　A
解析　根据第一段第一句中的“my first wing-walk”可知，作者参与的探险活动是在飞机的“机翼(wing)”上行走。故选A。
4．A.practised B．displayed
C．inspired D．broadened
答案　C
解析　inspire one’s imagination激发了某人的想象力。故选C。
5．A.driver B．pilot
C．guide D．director
答案　B
解析　根据上文作者要进行机翼行走可知，此处指作者在跟“飞行员(pilot)”说话，故选B。
6．A.turned up B．gave up
C．took up D．ended up
答案　D
解析　联系上一段最后一句可知，作者对飞行员提出冒险性的要求后，飞行员说自己可以做到让飞机在空中翻筋斗。所以此处是说飞行员最终采用了半循环的飞行方式“结束”。end up doing sth.以做某事结束。故选D。
7．A.shaky B．dizzy
C．shiny D．clumsy
答案　A
解析　根据该空后的“it was windy”可知，当时有风，所以飞行过程中飞机稍微有点“摇晃(shaky)”。故选A。
8．A.tightly B．largely
C．safely D．correctly
答案　C
解析　上文提到风很大飞机会摇晃，但是你是被“安全地(safely)”固定着的。故选C。
9．A.special B．secure
C．cautious D．accessible
答案　B
解析　根据下一句可知，飞行员在飞行的过程中要确保一切是“安全的(secure)”，故选B。
10．A.let out B．got through
C．broke up D．took off
答案　D
解析　根据该空后的内容可知，飞机在机场“起飞(take off)”，15分钟后到达空中，故选D。let out发出(叫声等)；get through顺利通过，接通；break up粉碎，解散。
11．A.what B．how
C．where D．that
答案　A
解析　分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句。主句缺宾语，从句缺主语，表示具体事物，用what引导宾语从句，故选A。
12．A.charged B．allowed
C．warned D．cheated
答案　C
解析　根据下文的“dangerous activity”可知，这是一项危险的活动，所以参加者起初一定会被“提醒，警告(warn)”，故选C。
13．A.actually B．potentially
C．doubtfully D．certainly
答案　B
解析　这项活动在进行之前已经基本保证了行走者的安全性，但也有潜在的危险性。potentially潜在地，可能地。故选B。
14．A.mean B．live
C．dream D．matter
答案　D
解析　在作者看来，她已经88岁了，即使出意外，那又有什么“关系”呢？故选D。matter有关系；要紧，有影响。
15．A.glory B．silence
C．memory D．ash
答案　A
解析　在作者看来，自己已经活到88了，即使出了意外，也是以一种“光荣(glory)”的方式结束自己的生命。故选A。
16．A.criticized B．beaten
C．stuck D．washed
答案　C
解析　作者认为在步入老年阶段后，很多人都会“受困于”自己的生活方式。be stuck in卡住；陷入；困于；被缠住。
17．A.leaders B．friends
C．opponents D．relatives
答案　B
解析　作者不认为周围已经退休的“朋友们(friends)”中会有人想和自己一样勇于挑战，故选B。
18．A.persuade B．praise
C．join D．win
答案　C
解析　作者认为周围的朋友们受困于各自的生活方式而不会“加入(join)”到作者的冒险活动中来，故选C。
19．A.crazy B．brave
C．calm D．steady
答案　A
解析　作者认为那些安于现状的人不仅不会加入，还会认为作者是“疯狂的(crazy)”，故选A。
20．A.academic B．difficult
C．adventurous D．ridiculous
答案　C
解析　根据第二段中的“a bit more adventuresome”可知，作者认为自己这个年龄段的人应该去做更多“冒险的(adventurous)”事情。故选C。academic学术的；difficult困难的；ridiculous荒谬的。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2019·山东青岛二模)
Vijay Gupta is known to classical music lovers across the United States.He serves as first violinist for the Los Angeles Philharmonic.In that job，he often plays to large crowds，including many very rich people.When he is not performing，he organizes concerts for homeless people.They have reminded me why I became a musician，he said.
Last week，Gupta was recognized for being a founder and the artistic director of Street Symphony.The group has performed at homeless shelters，jails and halfway houses for about eight years.Gupta is among the 25 winners of the 2018 MacArthur Fellowship，commonly known as the “genius grant”．Each winner will receive $625,000 over five years to use as they wish.The money is coming from a private group，the John D．and Katherine T．MacArthur Foundation.It awards grants(补助金) to people whose work it considers exceptional and that “inspires hope in us all”．Gupta said he got the idea for Street Symphony while teaching Nathaniel Ayers，a trained musician whose mental illness led to homelessness.
The 31-year-old grant winner said he did not know yet how he would spend the money.He has been a performer since age seven and the award will give him “space to breathe，plan and look ahead”．
Another winner is Rebecca Sandefur，an associate professor of sociology and law in the University of Illinois.The Associated Press says her research actively supports new ways to involve poor communities in the U．S.justice system.
47-year-old Sandefur created the first national mapping of civil legal aid providers.It shows which states had the financial resources to provide such aid and which did not.She also found that the cost of legal services is only one of the things preventing poor people from getting lawyers.Among the others are fears about unfairness in the legal system.Sandefur noted that a lot of attention has been paid to problems with the criminal justice system，but more attention must be paid to the civil side of the law，which also affects millions of people.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助而激励穷人的故事。
21．Why did Gupta win the award?
A．For his achievements in classical music.
B．For performing for large crowds.
C．For organizing a group playing for the homeless.
D．For the friendship with Nathaniel Ayers.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The group has performed at homeless shelters，jails and halfway houses for about eight years.”和倒数第二句可知，Gupta获得该奖是因为他组织的街道交响乐团为流浪者演奏音乐，故C项正确。
22．What do we know about MacArthur Fellowship?
A．It is founded by the government.
B．It offers $625,000 to 25 winners in 2018.
C．It allows the winners to use the money freely.
D．It awards people who make great contributions to society.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Each winner will receive $625,000 over five years to use as they wish.”可知，获奖者将在五年内获得625 000美元的奖金，供其随意使用，故C项正确。
23．What was the extraordinary thing that Sandefur did?
A．She made it easier to get legal help for the poor.
B．She made the legal system fairer.
C．She paid more attention to the criminal justice system.
D．She offered legal aids to the poor freely.
答案　A
解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“The Associated Press says her research actively supports new ways to involve poor communities in the U．S.justice system.”可知，美联社称，Sandefur的研究为贫困地区参与美国司法系统提供了新途径，由此可知，Sandefur使穷人更容易获得法律援助，故A项正确。
24．Which can be the best title for the passage?
A．Grants Winners，Inspiring the Poor
B．The City Homeless，in Need of Help
C．Vijay Gupta，an Extraordinary Violinist
D．MacArthur Foundation，Awarding Exceptional Work
答案　A
解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获奖者Gupta和Sandefur分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助而激励穷人的故事，故A项正确。
Ⅲ.七选五
How do parents teach children about money？How do you teach them to get rich？Likely，you do not have an answer because you would not call yourself rich. 25 Here is what self-made millionaires tell their kids about wealth.
You deserve to have wealth.
This statement could be read as arrogant(傲慢的)，when in fact it comes from a place of humbleness.Self-made millionaires teach their children that they deserve to be rich not because they were born into the right family but because they work hard to solve other people’s problems. 26
　27　
Having money gets rid of tons of the issues which people find themselves in when they do not have it.Not happy with your current living situation？You can pack up and leave.Do you hate your job？Why not start your own business.Upset about a global disaster？Donate what you can to the cause.Money allows you to enjoy life on your own terms.
Nothing is guaranteed.
28 They must create their own lives and futures.It’s important to teach kids about self-reliance.Legally，kids have the right to have more and more things，but it’s important to teach against these values.
Solve problems to earn your wealth.
In a free market economy，everyone is looking for a way to make money.If you come up with an idea to solve the world’s problem，there will be a demand for it.The bigger the problem the more difficulty you might have getting it off the ground. 29 Pairing your skills with problem solving could be the way towards wealth.
A．A big lesson self-made millionaires teach their kids is that the world owes them nothing.
B．Having wealth allows you to do something for others to earn your place.
C．When do you start teaching your children about money?
D．How do the rich approach this question?
E．But it could also make you very rich.
F．Even the blind can see money.
G．Wealth leads to freedom.
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了白手起家的百万富翁告诉他们的孩子关于财富的四点事情。
25．答案　D
解析　根据上文“Likely，you do not have an answer because you would not call yourself rich.”以及空后一句话可知，你不是富人，那就让富人来说说怎么在钱的问题上教育小孩。故可知D项(富人如何处理这个问题？)符合此处语境。故选D。
26．答案　B
解析　根据空前一句可知，富人教育孩子，他们应该拥有财富是因为他们努力解决他人的问题，而不是因为出生在富有的家庭，故可知B项(拥有财富可以让你为他人做点什么事来赢得你的位置。)符合语境。故选B。
27．答案　G
解析　根据下文的介绍可知，这一段讲财富给人自由，有了钱你能做自己想做的事，敢不做自己不愿做的事。由此可知G项(财富通向自由)符合语境。故选G。
28．答案　A
解析　根据小标题和下文的介绍可知，A项(白手起家的百万富翁教会他们孩子的一个重要教训是：世界不欠他们任何东西)符合上下文语境。故选A。
29．答案　E
解析　根据小标题和空前一句“问题越大，你可能就越难将其做成功。”可知，E项(但是它也能让你变得非常富有。)符合上下文语境。故选E。
Ⅳ.语法填空
For 28-year-old Russian Artem Zhdanov，China is a place to fulfill dreams.After graduating from college with a major in Chinese，he left hometown in Siberia 30 (he) and moved to Guangzhou，China’s southern economic powerhouse.
In recent years，he 31 (build) a Russian-language news website about China，founded a consulting company and set up 32 online store on e-commerce platform Taobao.The news website now has a 33 (month) visit of 100,000，and the products he sells online—such as T-shirts，cups and chopsticks with catchy Chinese phrases—have become popular with foreigners 34 live in China.
“My childhood dream was to be a diplomat.Now my website and Taobao store 35 (connect) foreigners with China are like bridges，” he said.“China is a good place to start a business.As long as you have an idea and the courage，you can 36 (easy) build a business here，” he said.
Zhdanov wants to connect Russian businessmen with investors in China.“China has more unicorn(独角兽) companies—new companies valued at over$ 1 billion each— 37 many other countries.And the government has provided great support for high-tech 38 (develop)．I would like to tell more Russians that instead of only looking at Silicon Valley，they can also make their dreams 39 (come) true in China.”
语篇解读　本文为记叙文，讲述了俄罗斯年轻人阿尔乔姆·日丹诺夫在中国自主创业并实现梦想的故事。
30．答案　himself
解析　考查代词。根据语境可知，此处应用he的反身代词形式himself，表示“他自己”。
31．答案　has built
解析　考查时态。根据前面的时间状语In recent years 可知此处应用现在完成时。
32．答案　an
解析　考查冠词。单数可数名词store前面缺少限定词，应用不定冠词表泛指，又因其前有定语online“在线的”，其发音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。
33．答案　monthly
解析　考查词性变换。此处需要形容词作定语修饰名词visit。故用month的形容词形式monthly“每月的”。
34．答案　who/that
解析　考查定语从句。空处在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词foreigners，且空处在从句中作主语，故可用who或者that引导定语从句。
35．答案　connecting
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处应用现在分词作定语，修饰my website and Taobao store，表示主动关系。
36．答案　easily
解析　考查副词。空处位于情态动词can和实义动词build之间，应用副词修饰谓语动词，故填easily“容易地，轻易地”。
37．答案　than
解析　考查介词。根据语境和前面的more可知，此处用比较级标志词than。
38．答案　development
解析　考查词性变换。此处应用develop的名词形式作介词for的宾语，development作“发展”讲时为不可数名词。
39．答案　come
解析　考查非谓语动词。使役动词make后面的不定式作宾补时应省略to，故填come。
第三节　说明文
(2019·黑龙江齐齐哈尔五校联考)
I’ve suffered from serious social anxiety and anger problems as long as I can remember.
A couple of years ago I 1 what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive：every time I became 2 about something I couldn’t change，I’d do a casual act of 3 .Things like losing money or not getting a promotion saw me 4 goods to our local food bank(食品赈济处)．
At the 5 of this June I myself and my partner went on our first holiday in years.We climbed Mt.Teide. 6 I stood at the top with a state of high altitude， 7 in my brain seemed to burst.I felt 8 and came down that mountain as quickly as I could.
This anxious feeling about the 9 in the early June lasted，but I went back to work and didn’t 10 .I knew scares didn’t 11 the problem.I actually removed my headphones to talk to someone I knew in the street.I was 12 .I went to the supermarket and 13 ，which kept me cool.I lost some money，but I thought it was only money.
When I got home，I turned on the computer.Beyond my 14 ，I found this site and the smile 15 through surfing on the web.In the 16 were these smile cards which I’d never heard of.So here I am!
I changed my 17 acts plan after the early June trip，for every day I was anxiety-free.I’d do something to say thank you to life for a good day.By now I’ve 18 food for humans and pets in need of help，and helped strangers 19 their shopping upstairs.The universe was possibly sending me a 20 message with the smile cards.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章作者介绍了自己克服焦虑和气愤的方法及保持积极乐观的经历。
1．A.came up with B．broke away from
C．put up with D．ended up with
答案　A
解析　 几年前，我想出了一个我自认为能保持积极乐观的好办法。根据句意可知选A。come up with提出； break away from从……脱离；put up with忍受； end up with以……结束。
2．A.happy B．concerned
C．fearful D．angry
答案　D
解析　由上文的“serious social anxiety and anger problems”可知，空处指每次我对于不能改变的事情生气时，我会做慈善。故选D。happy快乐的；concerned担心的；fearful害怕的； angry生气的。
3．A.voluntary work B．charity
C．shopping D．driving
答案　B
解析　由下句中的“goods to our local food bank”可知我做的是慈善。故选B。voluntary work志愿工作；charity慈善；shopping购物；driving驾驶。
4．A.lending B．throwing
C．offering D．wasting
答案　C
解析　此处指作者向食品赈济处提供物品，故选C。offer sth.to sb.提供某物给某人，符合语境。lend借；throw扔；waste浪费。
5．A.start B．middle
C．end D．top
答案　A
解析　联系下段的“in the early June”可知，这里的时间是六月初。故选A。start开始；middle中间；end结束；top顶端。
6．A.As B．Unless
C．If D．Though
答案　A
解析　当我站在海拔高度很高的山顶时，我脑子里好像有东西要爆炸。根据句意可知选A。as当，因为，随着，作为；unless除非；if如果；though尽管。
7．A.nothing B．everything
C．something D．anything
答案　C
解析　nothing没有东西； everything每样东西； something某个东西； anything任何东西。句意参见上题解析。故选C。
8．A.pleased B．helped
C．excited D．worried
答案　D
解析　根据语境和下文的“This anxious feeling”可知，空处指我感到很担心(worried)，所以尽快地下了山，故选D。
9．A.hiking B．climb
C．flight D．race
答案　B
解析　根据上下文可知，这里说的是六月初我对爬山的焦虑情感一直持续，故选B。
10．A.wait B．leave
C．panic D．hesitate
答案　C
解析　联系下句“害怕不能解决问题”可知，作者回去工作了，而且没有恐慌。故选C。wait等待；leave离开； panic恐慌；hesitate犹豫。
11．A.find B．consult
C．reject D．solve
答案　D
解析　因为我知道害怕不能解决问题。根据句意可知选D。find发现；consult咨询；reject拒绝；solve解决。
12．A.frightened B．calm
C．disappointed D．sad
答案　B
解析　由下文的“kept me cool”可知，我很镇静。故选B。frightened感到害怕的； calm镇静的，冷静的； disappointed失望的；sad伤心的。
13．A.shouted B．cried
C．worked D．shopped
答案　D
解析　由空前的“went to the supermarket”和空后的“lost some money”可知，我去超市购物了。shout大叫；cry哭，喊； work工作，起作用；shop购物。
14．A.reach B．ability
C．expectation D．touch
答案　C
解析　联系下文“these smile cards which I’d never heard of”可知，这些笑容卡是我之前从未听说的，由此可推知我发现这个网站和笑容卡是意料之外的。beyond expectation出乎预料，意料之外。故选C。
15．A.cards B．pictures
C．words D．videos
答案　A
解析　联系下文“these smile cards which I’d never heard of”可知，我发现了这个网站和笑容卡。故选A。
16．A.drawer B．web
C．room D．book
答案　B
解析　联系上句“surfing on the web”可知这些笑容卡在网上。故选B。
17．A.serious B．casual
C．general D．wasteful
答案　B
解析　联系上文的“I’d do a casual act of”可知，六月初的旅行之后我改变了这种随意的(casual)的行为计划。故选B。
18．A.donated B．exchanged
C．sold D．stolen
答案　A
解析　由下文的“helped strangers”可知，此处指的是捐赠食物。故选A。donate捐赠； exchange交换； sell卖；steal偷。
19．A.sell B．buy
C．find D．lift
答案　D
解析　根据语境可知，此处指我帮助陌生人提东西上楼梯。故选D。sell卖；buy买；find发现；lift举起，抬高。
20．A.bad B．attractive
C．positive D．passive
答案　C
解析　联系第二段中的“what I thought was a good plan of keeping positive”可知，作者是想找到保持积极乐观的计划。故可推知，此处指宇宙可能用笑容卡给我发了一条积极的信息。故选C。bad坏的；attractive有吸引力的；positive积极的；passive被动的，消极的。
一、题型解读
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空有如下命题特点：
1．文章多用一般现在时态。 说明文通常是对客观事物或实例的介绍与说明，与时间的变化关系不大，所以文章常用一般现在时态。
2．语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述。 说明文的目的是要帮助读者认清事物，明白事理，所以语言简练、平实，易于理解，内容客观真实。
3．文章主题明确，层次分明。 高考说明文类完形填空往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。 而且，作者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
二、解题技巧
1．明确说明对象，理清段落关系。 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其加以说明的。 在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
2．弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。 把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。 常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。 另外，在理清作者思路的基础上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情感和意思。
(2018·河北衡水中学一调)
Do you ever feel like you are studying a mad rush of one subject after another? When things happen at such a 1 1pace，it is easy to lose sight of what you are learning.It is important to 2 every now and then to think about what you’ve been learning.
8Self-reflection means stopping the mad rush and 3 yourself so your brain can 5evaluate what it has already 4 .Some people prefer to do their self-reflections 5 ，while others keep a 2journal.Either method can work，depending on what your own personal 6 is.
School textbooks are often divided into units.This can make it 7 for someone to begin the process of self-reflection.Watch for the times when you complete a unit of study.Sometimes you are reminded that the unit is 8 because there is some kind of test or 3quiz.Use these natural 9 as 7opportunities to stop and reflect.
You should find a 10 place—anywhere without noise is OK.This can even be sitting at your desk at school when you finish something 11 and the other students are still working.If you are going to take notes，take out your journal.Write down some notes on things that you 12 learned in this unit.Let your mind think about the notes you have written and make some 13 .
9Sometimes just 4pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections 14 new information can quickly appear when you 15 it again.Next，think about things that you still wonder about. 16 ，maybe you learned about a certain body system，but you don’t 17 how it works with the other body systems.Maybe you learned a new way to solve a math problem，but you’re not sure when to use it.Writing down your 18 will help you remember to continue seeking answers the next time you 19 the same topic.
Self-reflection is an 6essential skill for a 20 student.If you have never taken the time to reflect，try it now.
语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我反思的定义以及它是如何帮助学生学习的。
1．A.steady B．fast
C．relaxing D．unique
答案　B
解析　根据前文的“a mad rush of one subject after another”可知，此处是指比较快的(fast)节奏。故选B。
2．A.change B．check
C．stop D．exercise
答案　C
解析　时不时地停下来(stop)回想一下你一直在学的东西是非常重要的。故选C。下文的“stopping the mad rush”亦是提示。
3．A.calming B．enjoying
C．behaving D．helping
答案　A
解析　根据上文提到快节奏的学习以及空前的“stopping the mad rush”可知，此处应是指让自己平静下来。故选A。calm使……平静。
4．A.dealt B．forgotten
C．found D．received
答案　D
解析　平静下来，让你的大脑能评估它接收到的东西。receive接收，收到，符合题意。故选D。
5．A.personally B．mentally
C．slowly D．directly
答案　B
解析　与下文的“keep a journal”相对应，此处应指在心理上反思，故选B。
6．A.pace B．grade
C．skill D．style
答案　D
解析　这两种方法都会奏效，这取决于你自己的风格。故选D。
7．A.quick B．necessary
C．easy D．hard
答案　C
解析　make it easy for sb.to do sth.使某人容易做某事。根据前文的“教科书被分成单元”可知选C。
8．A.finished B．divided
C．interrupted D．covered
答案　A
解析　与下文的“test or quiz”相对应，应是这部分完成了。故选A。
9．A.breaks B．tests
C．units D．periods
答案　A
解析　根据空后的“as opportunities to stop and reflect”可知，此处指利用这种自然的停顿去反思。故选A。break停顿。
10．A.safe B．familiar
C．quiet D．comfortable
答案　C
解析　根据下文的“without noise”可知，此处指选一个安静的(quiet)地方，故选C。
11．A.correctly B．finally
C．early D．independently
答案　C
解析　与空后的“the other students are still working”形成对比，故early“及早地”，符合题意。故选C。
12．A.actively B．newly
C．rapidly D．carefully
答案　B
解析　记下你本单元新学到的东西。newly最新，最近，符合语境。下一段中的“new information”亦是提示。
13．A.choices B．decisions
C．connections D．improvements
答案　C
解析　这里是指让新旧知识相连，也可参考下一段中的“allows your brain to make connections”。故选C。
14．A.in case B．so that
C．even if D．as though
答案　B
解析　空后是前一分句的目的，故选B。in case万一； so that以至于；even if即使；as though好像。
15．A.seek B．share
C．show D．need
答案　D
解析　以便当你再次需要新信息时，它能够快速出现。故选D。
16．A.In general B．Of course
C．For example D．As usual
答案　C
解析　根据上文内容和下文中的“maybe...”“Maybe...”可知，此处是在举例子，故选C。for example例如。
17．A.know B．doubt
C．believe D．remember
答案　A
解析　但是你不知道(know)它是如何与身体的其他系统一起工作的。故选A。下一句中的“not sure”亦是提示。
18．A.opinions B．methods
C．worries D．questions
答案　D
解析　根据下文中的answers可知，此处是指写下你的问题。故选D。question问题。
19．A.come across B．get through
C．think of D．take away
答案　A
解析　此处是指当下一次遇到相同的题目时。故选A。come across遇到。
20．A.talented B．successful
C．serious D．young
答案　B
解析　自我反思是一个成功学生的基本技能。故选B。successful成功的。
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1．We encourage all the students to study at their own pace.节奏
2．He has formed the habit of keeping a journal every day.日记
3．Tom likes watching TV，especially likes watching quiz shows.智力竞赛
4．He made a short pause and then went on reading.停顿
(二)同义词语替换
5．We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.assess
6．The words are essential for everybody to learn English.necessary/vital
7．May I take this opportunity to thank you for all your hard work.chance
(三)一词多义
8．reflection n．反映；倒影；映像；深思；仔细考虑
(1)To some extent，students’ grades are a reflection of teachers.反映
(2)We looked at our reflections in the lake.倒影
(3)A week off would give him time for reflection.仔细考虑
Ⅱ.长难句理解
9．Sometimes just pausing to think deeply allows your brain to make connections so that new information can quickly appear when you need it again.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，主语部分为动名词短语pausing to think deeply；so that引导目的状语从句。在从句中when引导时间状语从句。
[精美译文]　有时候仅仅是短暂地停下来深思一下就能使你的大脑建立联系，以便当你再次需要新信息时，新信息就会很快速出现。
强化练(二十五)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2018·宁夏石嘴山中学三模)
As a child，I was always told to “eat my greens”．These were the unappealing vegetables that sat on the edge of my plate.Peas，and green beans，all looked and tasted 1 .Let’s face it，when there were so many other delicious treats to 2 ，why eat boring vegetables?
Since then my taste buds have 3 and I’m also fully aware of the health benefits of eating fresh vegetables.But we still need 4 of the amazing goodness these green super foods give us.In the UK，a campaign has been 5 for several years to encourage us to eat our “5 A Day”—five portions of fruit and vegetables.That’s 6 evidence has shown there are significant health 7 to getting at least five 80g portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.
But I struggle to try to fit these five portions into my daily 8 ，partly because I have a sweet 9 and vegetables are，well，tasteless.Researchers have been 10 how to make eating vegetables more 11 .They analysed the psychology behind our food 12 and found that most of us are 13 by taste.Brad Turnwald from Stanford University says that “studies show that people 14 to think of healthier options as less tasty for some reason.”
In Europe，a project called VeggieEAT has also been trying to find ways to get people to 15 more vegetables.Project leader，Professor Heather Hartwell believes in 16 encouraging people into eating the right things.One idea has been to put a 17 of a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley as a 18 about buying something from the fruit store.She says，“Choice is a really 19 thing.But making vegetables look attractive will increase their sales.”
Certainly，eating “twisted citrus-glazed carrots” does sound tempting，even if it just 20 like a carrot，but if it makes us eat more vegetables then that can only be a good thing for our health.
语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项旨在提倡人们多吃青菜的研究，并介绍了一些商家用来吸引顾客购买蔬菜的销售技巧。
1．A.delicious B．disgusting
C．ripen D．sweet
答案　B
解析　由第一段中的“unappealing vegetables”“boring vegetables”可知，空处应选B。disgusting令人厌恶的。故选B。
2．A.buy B．prepare
C．enjoy D．offer
答案　C
解析　有那么多美味的食品可以享受，为什么要吃这些令人讨厌的蔬菜？故选C。
3．A.developed B．appeared
C．existed D．shrank
答案　A
解析　从那时起，我的味蕾发展(即改变)了，并且我也充分意识到吃新鲜蔬菜对健康的好处。故选A。
4．A.talking B．informing
C．reminding D．warning
答案　C
解析　我们仍需提醒记得这些绿色的“超级食品”给我们带来的惊人益处。talk谈话；inform通知；remind提醒；warn警告。故选C。
5．A.planning B．running
C．aiming D．intending
答案　B
解析　在英国，一项活动已经持续了好几年。plan计划；run持续，延续；aim旨在；intend打算。故选B。
6．A.why B．how
C．when D．because
答案　D
解析　这是因为有证据表明，人们每天至少食用5份80g的水果和蔬菜会对健康有很大益处。why为什么；how如何；when当……时；because因为。故选D。
7．A.needs B．issues
C．benefits D．risks
答案　C
解析　need需要； issue问题；benefit益处； risk风险。句意参见上题解析。故选C。
8．A.diet B．education
C．work D．exercise
答案　A
解析　但是我仍在努力把这五份食物融入我的日常饮食，部分原因是我爱吃甜食，而且觉得蔬菜很无味。daily diet日常饮食。故选A。
9．A.tendency B．tooth
C．preference D．appetite
答案　B
解析　句意参见上题解析。have a sweet tooth爱吃甜食。tendency倾向，趋势；preference偏爱；appetite食欲，胃口。故选B。
10．A.showing B．discovering
C．reporting D．studying
答案　D
解析　研究人员一直在研究如何让吃蔬菜更具吸引力，故选D。
11．A.attractive B．appropriate
C．beneficial D．independent
答案　A
解析　句意参见上题解析。attractive吸引人的，诱人的；appropriate合适的，恰当的；beneficial有益的；independent独立的。
12．A.wastes B．values
C．choices D．judgments
答案　C
解析　他们分析了我们选择食物时的心理，发现大部分人都是受味道的驱使。choice选择。故选C。
13．A.confused B．disturbed
C．challenged D．motivated
答案　D
解析　句意参见上题解析。motivate使有动力；激发；激励。故选D。
14．A.manage B．tend
C．agree D．decide
答案　B
解析　由语境可知，此处指“人们会倾向于认为更健康的食物更难吃。”tend to do...倾向于做……。故选B。
15．A.grow B．harvest
C．store D．eat
答案　D
解析　在欧洲，一个名为VeggieEAT的项目一直在尝试找出能让人们多吃蔬菜的方式。故选D。下文的“eating the right things”亦是提示。
16．A.suddenly B．slowly
C．firmly D．seriously
答案　B
解析　该项目领导者希瑟·哈特韦尔教授赞成慢慢地鼓励人们吃正确的食物。slowly缓慢地。故选B。
17．A.picture B．lot
C．variety D．number
答案　A
解析　由空后的“a tasty looking fruit on a supermarket trolley”可知，此处指一张看起来美味的水果的照片。picture图片。故选A。
18．A.sign B．concern
C．hint D．clue
答案　C
解析　其中一个想法是，把看起来很美味的水果图片放在超市的购物车上，以此来暗示消费者去水果区域购买东西。hint暗示。故选C。
19．A.complex B．easy
C．quick D．casual
答案　A
解析　她说：“选择是一件非常复杂的事情。 但是让蔬菜看起来有吸引力会增加它们的销量。”complex复杂的。故选A。
20．A.looks B．smells
C．feels D．tastes
答案　D
解析　由空前的eating可知，空处指吃起来像是胡萝卜，taste品尝；尝出……的味道。故选D。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2019·河南郑州三模)
For as long as we’ve known about it，humans have searched for a cure for cancer.Across the world，countless amounts of time and money have been spent on researching a way to stop the terrible disease.
But now，it seems like the answer could have been inside our own bodies the whole time.
Recently，the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US，a government agency that’s responsible for healthcare，approved a new form of gene therapy that could mean the end of a certain type of cancer.
The therapy allows scientists to “train” the immune cells of sick patients to fight leukemia—a blood cancer that mostly affects young people.
The exciting new treatment works by removing healthy immune cells from the patient，known as T-cells，which are then altered to be able to “hunt down” cancer cells.
The cells are then put back into the patient，before they begin to get rid of the patient’s leukemia over time，similar to how the body fights off other illnesses.
“This is truly an exciting new day for cancer patients，” Louis J．DeGennaro，president of the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society，said in a news release.Up until now，a drawn-out(持续很久的) and painful bone marrow transplant was the only option for many leukemia patients.
In this procedure，healthy blood cells are taken from a donor and placed into the sick patient，who also has to go through chemotherapy to allow their body to adjust to the new cells.
But with a recovery rate of around 83 percent—according to a news release published by the FDA—it’s hoped that the days of painful trips to the hospital，or even death，are over for leukemia sufferers.
“We’re entering a new frontier in medical innovation with the ability to reprogram a patient’s own cells to attack a deadly cancer，” FDA commissioner Scott Gottlieb said in the release.
“New technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine and...our ability to treat and even cure many intractable(难治的) illnesses.”

21．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Scientists take healthy immune cells from a patient and then reprogram them to help fight some cancer.
B．Much time and effort have been put to stop cancer.
C．Scientists have now found a new form of gene therapy which can cure leukemia.
D．The altered T-cells are expected to find and fight cancer cells.
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。从第三段中的“could mean the end of a certain type of cancer”可知，只是一种可能，还没有真正用于白血病的治疗，而C项认为科学家已经发现了治疗白血病的新方法。故选C。
22．The underlined phrase “hunt down” in Para.5 can be replaced by “ ”．
A．fight off B．cure
C．search for D．treat
答案　C
解析　词义猜测题。由第四、五、六段可知，病人身上健康的immune cells经过“train”之后，能够识别和寻找到cancer cells，然后get rid of the patient’s leukemia over time。第六段讲的是去除癌细胞，去除之前的步骤就应该是“寻找”，再结合hunt “搜寻，猎取”可知故选C。
23．It can be inferred that .
A．new technologies such as gene and cell therapies hold the potential to transform medicine
B．the new therapy may save leukemia patients from painful bone marrow transplant
C．the new therapy still requires blood cell donations
D．science enters a new frontier in medical innovation
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。第七、八段介绍了目前骨髓移植治疗白血病的方法以及病人化疗的痛苦，而文章中介绍的这种新的治疗方法就可能会免除这种痛苦。故选B。
Ⅲ.七选五
(2019·吉林名校联考)
Porridge doesn’t have a very tasty name，does it? 24 .I’m here to try and convince you that porridge can be a delicious，convenient and very healthy way to start the day.
Porridge is a type of food served for breakfast，usually a type of grain with either milk or water.It is thicker than liquid，but not solid. 25 ，so it’s a very good option for people who are ill，and it provides long-lasting energy for the day.
Porridge preparation，such as the amount of materials and cooking time depends on what you choose to use as your porridge base. 26 ，I put a very big handful of oats(麦片) in a pot，add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk，and let the mixture boil.It takes about five minutes to cook.
Once it’s cooked，the fun part is adding the flavors (味道)．Porridge alone doesn’t have a very strong flavour. 27 ，I think this is what makes porridge exciting！It is like a blank piece of paper—you can add almost anything you want to the porridge base.Seeds，nuts and dried fruits are very healthy options to add and can give you energy for the day.But if you don’t like these，or you’re allergic，then sugar and chocolate are also very tasty options.
28 .Either oats or corn or both are “staple foods” for most people on the earth.You can usually buy big bags of either，then add local materials to make your porridge interesting—whatever is cheap and convenient to find，wherever you are.
Hopefully porridge sounds a lot tastier now!
A．If you’ve never eaten it
B．If I’m cooking for myself
C．The porridge base is very easy to digest
D．It doesn’t have a very tasty reputation，either
E．It is often heated up but lacks all kinds of nutrition
F．You can make porridge almost anywhere in the world
G．Although some people think this makes porridge boring
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。粥是很好的早餐，但是很多人不喜欢它，认为其寡淡无味。在读完文章之后，你会对粥有一个全新的认识。
24．答案　D
解析　根据前文“Porridge doesn’t have a very tasty name，does it？”可知，D项(它也没有很好的名声)符合上下语境。故选D。
25．答案　C
解析　根据后文“so it’s a very good option for people who are ill，and it provides long-lasting energy for the day”可知，C项(粥很好消化)符合上下文语境。故选C。
26．答案　B
解析　根据下文“I put a very big handful of oats (麦片) in a pot，add a little bit of water and about 200ml of milk，and let the mixture boil.It takes about five minutes to cook.”可知，此处作者在叙述煮粥的方法，故B项(如果我煮粥的话)符合上下文语境。故选B。
27．答案　G
解析　根据后文“I think this is what makes porridge exciting！”可知，此空应为与后文完全相反的观点，故可知，G项(虽然有些人认为这使粥乏味)符合上下文语境。故选G。
28．答案　F
解析　根据本段最后一句“wherever you are”可知，F项(你几乎可以在世界上任何地方做粥)符合上下文语境。故选F。
Ⅳ.语法填空
When we mention the most famous Chinese painting of the Northern Song Dynasty，the image coming into people’s mind 29. (be) Qingming Shanghe Tu or Along the River During the Qingming Festival.
This painting is important 30. several reasons.First，up till that time，almost all Chinese paintings were landscapes,31. (contain) no or only a few images of people.Second，this is the first scroll(卷轴) painting 32. (describe) both Chinese urban and suburban life during the period in the capital，Bianjing (now Kaifeng in Henan Province)．Third，the painting is 33. (high) detailed and features shops of all kinds and different economic 34. (activity) in and out of the city.People are able to see the Chinese technologies of the time，which helps them 35. great deal in understanding 36. the Chinese lived.
The Beijing Palace Museum keeps the 37. (origin) Song painting and one of its famous copies—the Qing version 38. (hold) in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.

29．答案　is
解析　考查时态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，所以填is。
30．答案　for
解析　考查介词。这幅画因为几个原因很重要。表示“因为”，所以填for。
31．答案　containing
解析　考查非谓语动词。all Chinese paintings与contain之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填containing。
32．答案　describing
解析　考查非谓语动词。the first scroll painting与describe之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语，填describing。
33．答案　highly
解析　考查副词。修饰形容词detailed，用副词，所以填highly。
34．答案　activities
解析　考查名词单复数。表示“不同的经济活动”，用名词，且被different修饰，所以用名词的复数形式，所以填activities。
35．答案　a
解析　考查固定短语。句意为：那极大地帮助了他们理解中国人是怎样生活的。a great deal非常，是固定短语，所以填a。
36．答案　how
解析　考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：那极大地帮助了他们理解中国人是怎样生活的。“ the Chinese lived”是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作状语，表示“怎样”，所以填how。
37．答案　original
解析　考查形容词。修饰名词Song painting，用形容词，所以填original。
38．答案　is held
解析　考查时态和语态。表示主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，且“the Qing version”与hold之间是被动关系，用被动语态，综上所述，用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is held。
第二节　夹叙夹议文
(2019·江苏)
Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.There are species(物种) that are 36 every day.The white-naped crane is a typical example.So scientists are trying their best to 37 the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo，helping endangered cranes with their 38 .Emma，a female crane，has been in their 39 since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation，Emma was 40 by human caretakers.This led to an unexpected 41 ，though she had a wonderful time there.Emma had 42 taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans.She 43 to live with male cranes，and even had a 44 for killing some of them，which made it 45 for her to become a mother.
46 ，the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝) of this precious species.With their patience and efforts，they successfully developed a 47 of artificial breeding(人工繁殖) and natural reproduction.This 48 Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work.But before they can be 49 ，more efforts must be made，because the population of the crane in the wild is on the 50 ，and many other species appear headed toward extinction. 51 ，not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts，feelings，and most importantly，equal rights to survive.
How can we 52 the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals？Chris and Tim offered us the 53 ：human beings took it for granted that their 54 held all the solutions，but maybe their hearts can be a better 55 .
语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。在现代，野生动物受到了极大的威胁，每天都有物种在消失。Chris和Tim努力拯救白枕鹤这一物种，使其免于灭绝。
36．A.growing B．migrating
C．competing D．disappearing
答案　D
解析　根据该段中的“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age.”可知，在现代，野生动物受到了极大的威胁，每天都有物种在消失。disappear消失。
37．A.ban B．save
C．split D．remove
答案　B
解析　科学家们正在尽最大努力拯救白枕鹤这一物种，使其免于灭绝。下文讲述了Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做出的努力。save拯救。
38．A.abortion B．recreation
C．reproduction D．administration
答案　C
解析　下文讲述了Chris和Tim帮助Emma繁殖，由此可知，Chris和Tim在一家动物园工作，帮助濒临灭绝的鹤繁殖。reproduction繁殖。
39．A.care B．eye
C．mind D．story
答案　A
解析　Emma是一只雌性鹤，自从2004年来到这个动物园后，就一直在他们的照顾之下。in sb.’s care(＝being looked after by sb.)由某人照顾。
40．A.found B．chosen
C．raised D．seized
答案　C
解析　根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans”可知，Emma由人类饲养员饲养。raise饲养。
41．A.bonus B．consequence
C．victory D．sacrifice
答案　B
解析　根据下文中的“Emma had...become deeply attached to humans...killing some of them”可知，这导致了一个意想不到的后果。consequence后果。
42．A.never B．always
C．unluckily D．cheerfully
答案　A
解析　Emma从来没有把自己当成一只鹤，它对人类产生了很深的感情。根据语境可知，此处用否定副词never。
43．A.liked B．refused
C．decided D．hesitated
答案　B
解析　根据上文可知，Emma对人类有很深的感情；再根据下文中的“killing some of them...”可推知，它拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起，甚至有杀害雄鹤的名声。refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。
44．A.gift B．skill
C．concern D．reputation
答案　D
解析　参见上题解析。have a reputation for有……的名声。reputation名声。
45．A.illegal B．inspiring
C．important D．impossible
答案　D
解析　根据上文可知，Emma拒绝和雄鹤一起生活，甚至会杀死它们。由此推知，这使它无法成为一位母亲，此处用否定意义的形容词impossible。
46．A.Therefore B．Moreover
C．However D．Instead
答案　C
解析　然而，Chris和Tim并不想看到这一珍贵物种灭绝。上下文有转折关系。however然而。
47．A.combination B．collection
C．strategy D．system
答案　A
解析　在Chris和Tim的耐心和努力下，他们成功地将人工繁殖和自然繁殖结合起来。combination结合，联合。
48．A.forced B．forbade
C．taught D．enabled
答案　D
解析　这使得Emma生下了五只鹤宝宝。enable...to do sth.使……有能力做某事。
49．A.defeated B．grateful
C．assured D．tolerant
答案　C
解析　Chris和Tim为他们富有成效的工作感到自豪，但他们必须付出更多的努力才有把握。assured自信的，有把握的。
50．A.list B．rise C．agenda D．decline
答案　D
解析　野生鹤的数量正在下降，许多其他物种似乎正走向灭绝。on the decline在下降。
51．A.In contrast B．After all
C．By the way D．On the contrary
答案　B
解析　毕竟，并不是每个人都能意识到野生动物有思想、感情，最重要的是，它们有平等的生存权利。after all毕竟，符合语境。in contrast相比之下；by the way顺便说一下；on the contrary与此相反。
52．A.leave B．bridge
C．open D．identify
答案　B
解析　我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间不断扩大的鸿沟呢？bridge弥合(差距)，消除(分歧)。
53．A.course B．excuse
C．answer D．reward
答案　C
解析　Chris和Tim给了我们答案，下文中的“human beings took it for granted that...”就是他们的答案。answer答案。
54．A.brains B．behaviors
C．services D．projects
答案　A
解析　人类想当然地认为他们的大脑(brain)掌握了所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为更好的向导(guide)。
55．A.guide B．treat
C．example D．companion
答案　A
解析　参见上题解析。
一、题型解读
夹叙夹议类的完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：
1．事例→观点：先叙述一件事情，然后针对这件事情发表自己的看法或揭示生活的真理。
2．观点→事例：先提出一种观点或看法，然后围绕这一观点或看法用具体的事例来说明。 一般是一个事例，有时也会用几个事例从不同的侧面加以说明。
3．观点→事例→观点：首先提出一种观点或看法，然后用事例说明，最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。
二、解题技巧
1．分析结构，抓住作者的观点。 在做题时大家要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。 看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。
2．重视首句，把握文章主题。 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。 通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
3．叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。 夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。 在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。 所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
4．抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。 抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
(2019·湘赣十四校联考)
At a beautiful beach a little boy on his knees packs the sand into a bucket.He turns the bucket upside down and 1 it.To the 2 of the little 1architect，a castle tower is created.He works all afternoon packing the walls，building sentries(哨兵) with bottle tops and bridges with sticks.And a sandcastle will be built.
In a big city with 3 streets and traffic，a man works in an office.He packs papers into piles，holds the phone between his 4 and shoulder and 5 the keyboard with his fingers.2Contracts get signed and to the joy of the man，a 6 is made.His 3pension will be sentries and capital gains will be 7 .An empire will be built.
The two builders of the two castles have very much 8 .They both 9 smallness into greatness.They both make something beautiful out of 10 .And for both，the tide will rise and the 11 will come.Yet that is where the 12 stop.The little boy sees the end of his castle while the man 13 it.7As the dusk 6approaches and waves near，the child 14 to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his 15 .There is no sorrow，no 16 and no regret.He smiles and goes home.
The man in his office is not very 17 like the child.8As his empire is 4fading，he is terrified，trying to 18 it.“It’s my castle！” he 19 at the incoming tide.
Go ahead and build your dreams，but with a child’s heart.When the sun 20 and the tides take，just 5applaud.Salute the process of life and go home with a smile.
语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过男孩建造沙堡和男人在工作中创造自己的帝国进行对比，当海浪来临时，男孩面对自己的杰作被冲走，拍手跳跃，而男人则是恐惧。这启示我们凡事只要用心了，享受了过程，结局就随潮起潮落，这都是生命的过程。
1．A.kicks B．lifts
C．breaks D．covers
答案　B
解析　根据下文男孩在堆沙堡可知，他是将水桶口朝下举(lift)了起来，故选B。
2．A.surprise B．relief
C．amusement D．delight
答案　D
解析　由下文沙堡堆好了可知，小建筑家是“高兴的”，to the delight of sb.令某人高兴的是。故选D。
3．A.lonely B．busy
C．clean D．empty
答案　B
解析　由空前的“a big city”可知，街道和交通是“繁忙的”，故选B。
4．A.hand B．neck
C．arm D．ear
答案　D
解析　由空前的“holds the phone”可知，一位男士在接电话，故电话是放在“耳朵”和肩膀之间，故选D。
5．A.fixes B．touches
C．hits D．checks
答案　C
解析　fix修理；touch触碰；hit打击，敲打；check检查。由语境知，此处指用手指敲打着键盘，故选C。
6．A.profit B．point
C．record D．wish
答案　A
解析　根据空前的“contracts”可知，那位男士是在谈生意，签了合同，一笔盈利就这样到手了，故选A。
7．A.bridges B．tools
C．buckets D．beaches
答案　A
解析　由第一段倒数第二句和空前已经出现的sentries可知，空处应填bridges。与上文呼应。故选A。
8．A.in hand B．in common
C．in need D．in total
答案　B
解析　由上文语境和下文的两个“They both...”和“And for both...”可知，这两个城堡的建造者之间有许多共同点。have sth.in common与……有共同点，故选B。
9．A.increase B．cut
C．shape D．put
答案　C
解析　shape...into...使……成为……形状(或样子)；将……塑造成……。故选C。
10．A.something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
答案　D
解析　他们都是从一无所有中创造出美丽的事物。故选D。
11．A.award B．victory
C．future D．end
答案　D
解析　由语境和常识可知，潮水上涨，沙堡会被淹没，一切都会结束。故选D。下文的“end of his castle”和“his empire is fading”亦是提示。
12．A.similarities B．competitions
C．differences D．changes
答案　A
解析　根据上文一切都会结束，这也正是相似之处就止于此。故选A。
13．A.follows B．accepts
C．ignores D．enjoys
答案　C
解析　由下文小男孩对自己被毁的沙堡和那个男士对待自己衰落的帝国的不同态度可知，小男孩看到了他城堡的结局，而那个男士则忽视了。此处while表示前后的对比，故选C。
14．A.jumps B．struggles
C．sticks D．bends
答案　A
解析　根据后文的feet可知，此处应选jumps，表示孩子跳了起来。故选A。
15．A.dream B．gift
C．masterpiece D．memory
答案　C
解析　当海浪冲走他的杰作(masterpiece)时，他开始鼓掌。故选C。
16．A.excitement B．hesitation
C．fear D．desire
答案　C
解析　根据上下文语境可知，男孩对于海浪冲走自己的作品并不悲伤、害怕和遗憾。故选C。
17．A.wise B．naughty
C．curious D．active
答案　A
解析　根据上文那个男士忽视了创造的东西总有结束的一天，因此他并不像那个孩子一样明智(wise)。故选A。
18．A.finish B．protect
C．improve D．collect
答案　B
解析　随着他的帝国日渐衰落，他感到恐惧，并试图去保护(protect)它。故选B。
19．A.glances B．stares
C．yells D．points
答案　C
解析　根据上文那个男士非常恐惧自己的帝国衰落，因此对着即将到来的岁月海浪叫喊(yell)“这是我的城堡！”。故选C。
20．A.sets B．shines
C．rises D．burns
答案　A
解析　由下文的“the tides take”和“go home”可知，此处指太阳落下(set)。故选A。
Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破
(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思
1．The building was constructed from the design of that architect.建筑师
2．Being punctual is a contract that is silently agreed.合同；契约
3．I would have been much wiser to start my own pension plan when I was younger.养老金
4．They arrived home just as the light was fading.变暗
(二) 同义词语替换
5．As the president ended his speech，we all applauded politely.clapped
(三)一词多义
6．approach n．靠近；接近；道路；通道；方法v.接近；临近；处理；与……接洽
(1)The population of our province is now approaching 100 million.接近
(2)She decided to adopt a different approach to the problem.方法
(3)All approaches to the town were blocked.道路
(4)We have been approached by a number of companies that are interested in our product.与……接洽
(5)With great enthusiasm，he talked about how he found issues and approached them.处理
Ⅱ.长难句理解
7．As the dusk approaches and waves near，the child jumps to his feet and begins to clap as the waves wash away his masterpiece.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，两个as分别引导两个时间状语从句。
[精美译文]　当黄昏临近，波浪靠近时，这个小孩跳了起来；当海浪冲走他的杰作时，他开始鼓掌。
8．As his empire is fading，he is terrified，trying to protect it.
[句式分析]　本句是一个复合句，as引导的是时间状语从句；trying to protect it是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
[精美译文]　 随着他的帝国日渐衰落，他很害怕，并试图去保护它。
强化练(二十四)
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·河南安阳二模)
“Mom，I don’t like you，” my two-year-old son said.
“Okay...is that 1 you love me？” I asked.
“No，you’re not lovely.”
That night，as I washed my face，I 2 a little longer in the mirror—not because I was hurt by his 3 ，but because I noticed there was no light in my 4 .
I took out a pen and started writing a list—a list to 5 myself；a list to put sparkle(火花)back into my eyes.I once made many lists but 6 accomplished any thing.This time would be 7 ！
The first goal on my list I wanted to achieve was 8 a Polar Plunge to raise money for the Special Olympics.On that day，when I 9 into my 1980s workout clothes，Jack smiled，“Mom，you look 10 .” Maybe，just maybe some light 11 my eyes.
When coming out of the cold lake I felt happy and proud.I kept screaming，“I 12 it！” But one of the most exciting parts of the day was when I stood in front of my 13 ，which was taped on the refrigerator door.I 14 item number one.With that，I began to take back my life.
Everyone taking part in the Polar Plunge received a 15 .Whenever I wore it，Jack asked，“Is that your Polar Plunge clothing？” I answered 16 ，“Yes！” “I want to do that too.” I was happy he remembered I jumped into a 17 lake，and that he wanted to do activities with me.
With each 18 crossed off(划掉) the list，a piece of myself is 19 .Not only am I showing my family it’ s important to 20 ，but I’ m showing myself that I’ m worth it.
语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。在听到儿子说她不可爱，不喜欢她后，作者进行了反思，并开始改变自己，最终作者找回了以前的自己。
1．A.how B．where
C．whether D．because
答案　D
解析　根据下句儿子的回答可知，作者询问的是孩子不喜欢自己的原因。故选D。
2．A.washed B．looked
C．stayed D．felt
答案　B
解析　根据下文的“in the mirror”以及“noticed”可知，作者洗脸时在镜子前多看了一会儿自己的样子。故选B。
3．A.behavior B．statement
C．question D．rudeness
答案　B
解析　根据文章开头作者和儿子的对话可知，此处作者指出自己不是因为她被儿子说的话(statement)伤害了才这么做。故选B。
4．A.face B．life
C．eyes D．thoughts
答案　C
解析　根据下文“a list to put sparkle(火花) back into my eyes”以及“just maybe some light my eyes” 可以推断，作者照镜子时看到自己的眼中没有了光彩。故选C。
5．A.defeat B．save
C．explain D．teach
答案　B
解析　根据上下文语境可知，作者认为自己的眼中没有了光彩，没有了生活的激情，于是想拯救自己。故选B。
6．A.seldom B．always
C．yet D．almost
答案　A
解析　根据空前的“but”可推知，作者以前列过很多单子，但是很少(seldom)完成任何事情。故选A。
7．A.complete B．similar
C．unforgettable D．different
答案　D
解析　由下文作者一个一个地实现了清单上的计划可知，这次和以往是不同的。故选D。
8．A.learning from B．setting up
C．looking into D．participating in
答案　D
解析　participate in参加。根据下文的“Everyone taking part in the Polar Plunge...”可知，作者参加了旨在为特奥会筹款的极地冬泳活动。故选D。
9．A.jumped B．changed
C．ran D．burst
答案　B
解析　根据语境可推断，作者换上了自己80年代的运动服。change into sth.换衣服。故选B。
10．A.nervous B．calm
C．pretty D．cold
答案　C
解析　根据空前的“smiled”和空后的内容可以推断，孩子称赞穿着运动服的妈妈很漂亮。故选C。
11．A.slid away B．approached to
C．got out of D．came back to
答案　D
解析　come back to恢复；回到。根据上文中作者的儿子称赞妈妈漂亮可推断出，作者听后眼睛里恢复了一些光彩。故选D。
12．A.did B．got
C．missed D．appreciated
答案　A
解析　根据空前内容可以推断，作者骄傲地喊自己做到了。故选A。
13．A.mirror B．son
C．list D．photo
答案　C
解析　根据上文的“The first goal on my list I wanted to achieve”以及空后内容可知，作者把自己的计划清单(list)贴在冰箱上，完成一项就标记一项。故选C。
14．A.ticked B．added
C．built D．enlarged
答案　A
解析　根据下文“item number one”可知，作者给清单的第一条打上了钩，故选A。tick标记号；打上钩。
15．A.souvenir B．medal
C．cap D．shirt
答案　D
解析　根据空后的“wore”以及“clothing”可知，作者参加活动时得到了一件衬衣(shirt)。故选D。
16．A.patiently B．embarrassingly
C．proudly D．unwillingly
答案　C
解析　根据句中的感叹号以及“happy”等可以推断，作者很骄傲地回答了儿子的问题。故选C。
17．A.huge B．freezing
C．beautiful D．deep
答案　B
解析　根据上文出现的“Polar Plunge”“cold lake”可知，作者参加的活动是在寒冷的湖水里面进行的。freezing在此意为“极冷的”。故选B。
18．A.letter B．date
C．name D．goal
答案　D
解析　根据上文的“The first goal on my list...”可知，作者列出的计划清单就是自己要实现的一个个目标。故选D。
19．A.returning B．disappearing
C．united D．cured
答案　A
解析　根据文章内容可知，作者想找回自己，找回自己眼中曾经的光彩，所以作者认为在完成了一个个计划后，从前的自己也慢慢回来了。故选A。
20．A.work B．dream
C．learn D．share
答案　B
解析　在文章中作者列出了计划清单，即自己要做的事情，这些实际上就是自己的梦想。所以通过这件事她向家人展示了梦想的重要性。故选B。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2019·江南十校高三质检)
Everybody，at some point in their lives，has experienced failure.It could be something as simple as not getting the job you wanted，or getting fewer marks even after hard work.But what makes you is not your failure，but how you get back up after being hit.
Once，a young school boy was caught in a fire accident in his school and was assumed that he would not live.His mother was told that he was sure to die，for the terrible fire had destroyed the lower half of his body.Even if he were to survive，he would be lame throughout his life.
But the brave boy did not want to die nor did he want to be lame.Much to the amazement of the doctor，he did survive.But unfortunately from his waist down，he had no motor ability.His thin legs just hung there，lifeless.Eventually he left the hospital.But his determination to walk was unshakable.At home，when he was not in bed，he had to stay in a wheelchair.One day，he threw himself from the chair and pulled himself across the grass，dragging his legs behind him.He reached the fence，raised himself up and then began dragging himself along the fence，firmly determined.He did this every day，with faith in himself that he would be able to walk unaided.With his iron determination，he did develop the ability to stand up，then to walk on and off，then to walk by himself and then to run.
He began to walk to school，and then run to school，to run for the joy of running.Later in college he was on the track team.
In February 1934，in New York City’s Madison Square Garden，this young man who was not expected to survive，who would surely never walk，who could never hope to run—this determined young man，Dr.Glenn Cunningham，ran the world’s fastest mile.
A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one’s self，Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many，and his story，a brilliant evidence to how one can bounce back even when all difficulties are piled against one，to the degree that death seemed the preferable option.
语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。每个人在人生的某个阶段都经历过失败。文章通过Glenn幸存的故事，告诉我们：让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。
21．What was the doctor’s opinion about Glenn?
A．Glenn was able to walk with his own great effort.
B．Great determination could make a difference to Glenn.
C．There was a slim chance that Glenn could survive.
D．Glenn could live a normal life with the upper half of his body.
答案　C
解析　推理判断题。根据第二段的介绍和第三段中的“Much to the amazement of the doctor，he did survive.”可知，医生认为Glenn生还的机会很小。故选C。
22．What do we know about Glenn?
A．Glenn took recovery exercise in hospital.
B．Glenn inspired people with his moving story.
C．Glenn won the first place in Marathon.
D．Glenn organized a track team in college.
答案　B
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A good example of the power of positive thinking and faith in one’s self，Glenn Cunningham continues to be an inspiration for many...”可知，Glenn以他感人的故事激励着人们。故选B。
23．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Strengthen Determination
B．Stand Up after Failure
C．Go after Dreams
D．Face Difficulty Bravely
答案　B
解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段最后一句可知，让你成功的不是你的失败，而是你如何在被打击后重新站起来。由此可推知本文的最佳标题是B项。
Ⅲ.七选五
When you’re depressed，the tendency is to withdraw and keep yourself apart from other people so that communicating with even close family members and friends can be tough.Seeking help is not a sign of weakness and it won’t mean you’re a burden to others.Your loved ones care about you and reach out to you.Here is how to seek depression support.
Look for support from people who make you feel safe and cared for. 24 They just need to be a good listener，someone who will listen attentively without judging you while you are talking about your problem.
25 Phone calls，social media，and texting are great ways to stay in touch，but they don’t replace good old-fashioned in-person quality time.The simple act of talking to someone face to face about how you feel can play a big role in relieving depression and keeping it away.
Find ways to support others.It’s nice to receive support. 26 So find ways—both big and small—to help others.For example，you can volunteer in your local non-profit organizations，or you can be a listening ear for a friend.In a word，just do something nice for somebody else.
Care for a pet.While nothing can replace the human connection，pets can bring joy and companionship into your life and help you feel less isolated(孤单的)．Caring for a pet can also get you outside of yourself and give you a sense of being needed. 27
Join a support group for depression. 28 That is because you can understand each other much better than other people.Besides，you can also encourage each other，give and receive advice on how to handle depression，and share experiences of fighting against depression.
A．Call or text an old friend.
B．Make face time come first.
C．Both are powerful solutions to depression.
D．The people you talk to don’t have to be able to comfort you.
E．Therefore，being around other people will make you feel less depressed.
F．Being with others with similar problems can go a long way in reducing depression.
G．But you can get an even bigger amount of pleasure from providing support yourself.

24．答案　D
解析　根据本段主题句和空后的“他们只需要做一个很好的倾听者”可知，本空应选D项“你倾诉的人不必非得能安慰你”。
25．答案　B
解析　分析第二、四、五、六段的结构可知，每段第一句均为各段的主题句，所以本空是本段主题句，且应是一个祈使句，只有A、B项可选；根据空后的叙述可知B项符合语境。
26．答案　G
解析　本段的主题是“寻找帮助别人的途径”，观察备选项可知G项符合语境。
27．答案　C
解析　C项中的Both与空前提到的照看宠物的两个好处相呼应：照看宠物既能给你带来快乐和陪伴，又让你走出自我并产生被需要的感觉。故C项符合语境。
28．答案　F
解析　F项中的“Being with others with similar problems”既能够与主题句“Join a support group for depression.”呼应，又能与下文提到的“互相理解、互相鼓励、提供并接受应对抑郁的建议、分享与抑郁作斗争的经历”产生关联，因此F项是最佳答案。
Ⅳ.语法填空
China has built a high-speed passenger rail network in recent 29. (year) and will continue to expand it.By the end of 2018，China’s railway mileage (里程) 30. (reach) 131,000 kilometers，of 31. 29,000 kilometers were high-speed rail.This accounted for 2/3 of the world’s total high-speed rail tracks，making China’s high-speed rail system the world’s 32. (large) high-speed rail network.
China’s high-speed trains are similar 33. those of France’s TGV，Germany’s ICE and Japan’s Shinkansen.The fast trains with a top speed of 250－350 km/h 34. (call) CRH，China Railway High-speed.
If you want to travel around China the high-speed trains will be your ideal choice since they are clean，comfortable 35. modern.Unlike on the conventional trains in China，nobody is allowed 36. (smoke) on high-speed trains，not even between carriages.
The seats are as good as those on the plane or even better.Most high-speed rail tickets have corresponding (对应的) seats，and only 37. small number of standing tickets are sometimes sold on limited trains.There’s never a crowd of people sitting in the aisles.The ticket prices for China high-speed trains are reasonable and，on most routes，the frequency of departure is very high，so people can buy tickets 38. (convenient)．
语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于中国的高铁进行了详细的介绍，并指出如果你想环游中国，高铁将是你的理想选择，因为它们干净、舒适、现代化。
29．答案　years
解析　考查固定短语。in recent years最近几年中，故填years。
30．答案　had reached
解析　考查时态。根据“By the end of 2018”可知，空处表示的动作发生在“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，故填had reached。
31．答案　which
解析　考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是“131,000 kilometers”，“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，指物，只能用which，故填which。
32．答案　largest
解析　考查形容词的最高级。由语境和空前的the可知，空处表示“最大的”，应用最高级，故填largest。
33．答案　to
解析　考查固定搭配。be similar to与……相似，固定搭配，故填to。
34．答案　are called
解析　考查动词的时态和语态。描述主语现在的状态，用一般现在时，“The fast trains”和“call”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填are called。
35．答案　and
解析　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，clean，comfortable，modern在此处并列作表语。故填and。
36．答案　to smoke
解析　考查固定搭配。allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事，为固定搭配，故填to smoke。
37．答案　a
解析　考查固定短语。a small number of少量的，该短语是固定短语，故填a。
38．答案　conveniently
解析　考查副词。该空修饰动词buy，应用副词，故填conveniently。