中考英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习（含答案）

中考英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解
考点分析
概述
阅读是语言学习的主要目的之一。阅读理解已经成为全面评估学生英语测试水平的重要测试题型，在中考英语试卷中所占比重也比较大，它不仅考察学生综合运用英语语言知识的能力，而且考察学生的速度及理解能力。
2. 题型分析
从近几年初中升学考试试卷来看，阅读理解考题的类型就是单选题四选一。这类题型的选项应在理解短文的基础上做出判断，坚持短文内容与考项对比的方法，把一些与短文内容明显相符或不相符的答案选出来。主要有四个考点：具体细节，主旨大意，判断推理，词义猜测。
此外纵观这几年全国各地的中考“阅读理解”试题，用于阅读理解测试的语篇内容涉及社会生活的方方面面，除了一般的英语故事外，还有书信、通知、广告、交通图、各种表格等。在体现知识测试的同时，更注重英语的实际应用。因此，要做好中考英语试题中的语篇“阅读理解”题，需要我们具备较强的“阅读”和“理解”能力。其中包括：阅读、理解英语文字信息的能力;阅读、理解各种图表的能力;快速阅读能力;根据上下文猜测英文生词词义的能力;迅速捕捉文章大意的能力;分析、判断和独立解决问题的能力。还有合理分配和利用时间的能力以及各项能力的综合运用。

二、专题详解
主旨大意型
考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题，主题思想，标题或目的，其主要提问方式是：
1) Which is the best title of the passage?
2) Which of the following is this passage about?
3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that______.
4) The passage tells us that______.
5) This passage mainly talks about_______.
6). What is the main idea of this passage?
7). What is the author’s main point?
8). The main purpose of the passage?
9). The title of this passage would be ____.
做这类题，要找准主题句。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。然后根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。小心“首段陷阱”,不要一看开头就选择答案。
1)干扰项可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。
2)干扰项可能属从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。
3)干扰项可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。
例如：
The song of the sky bird,
The warmth of the sun,
The rushing of clear streams(溪流)
And new life begun
Are gifts we should cherish(珍惜)
So join in the call
To try to protect them
For the future of all.

32. The writing tells us we need to .
A. protect our earth B. save the time
C. look after ourselves D. help each other
很显然这道题最佳答案应该是 A，因为诗歌的最后一句表明了主旨大意要求我们去保护环境。

Spain is famous for its tomato festival, called La Tomatina. It happens in a small town named Bunol on the last Wednesday of August every year. During the festival there are all kinds of activities，but the most exciting part is the tomato fight. It takes place at the end of a week-long celebration (庆祝）.You are encouraged to throw tomatoes in the fight.
47. The best title of the passage can be
A. Travel in Spain B. The Tomato Festival in Spain
C. The History of Spain D. Rules of the Tomato Festival
很显然由文章第一句可知讲的是西班牙的西红柿节，最佳答案应该是 B。
2. 具体细节型
解题原则：忠于原文，联系上下文，理清全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。所以一定要将题干所涉及信息在原文中找到，找出最贴近原话的选项。
此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的，其主要提问方式是：
1) Which of the following is right?
2) Which of the following is not mentioned?
3) Which of the following is Not True in the passage?
4) Choose the right order of this passage.
5) From this passage we know ________.
例如：
Uber is an American company that provides a taxi service through an app on the smart phone. It was set up in March, 2009 and has grown quickly. An app，in fact，is a computer program working on smart phones，computers and other communication devices（设备）. By using your smart phone, you can easily and quickly order a taxi that takes you to the place you want to go.
Uber app is .
a computer program B.a name of a taxi driver
C. an American company D.a kind of smart phone
从文中划线句可以看出答案是A.

In 1939 Roald became a pilot, but he had a bad accident. It made him limp(瘸的) for the rest of his life. After this, Roald went to America where he wrote a story about his experience as a pilot. It was so good that it was put in a magazine.
35. After Roald went to America, he .
A. lost his parents in a plane accident
B. wrote a story about his pilot experience
C. got married with an English film star
D. won a big prize for his book Matilda
从划线句我门可以找到这道题的答案是B。
3. 词义猜测型
同义法常在词或短语之间有并列连词 and 或 or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。
反义法如 hot and cold，give and receive 等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。
释义法对文章中的生词用定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。
情景推断法、代词替代法等
其主要提问方式是：
1) The word “ ” in the passage probably means ________.
2) The underlined word “It” in the passage refers to _______.
3) In this story the underlined word “ ” means ________.
4) Here “it” means________.
5) Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word_____.
例如：
The vine grows up trees and buildings, making some beautiful shapes. However, trees die after kudzu covers them because they can not get enough light. Scientists are looking for ways to kill the vine. They used poisons(毒药) to kill the vine. However, some of the poisons made it grow even better. Scientists also find it difficult to dig up Kudzu. The plant is really tough.
43. The underlined word “tough” in Paragraph 4 probably means “ ”.
A.not easily broken B. widely used C. hard to grow D. important to one’s health
联系上文可知科学家在找各种各样的方法去杀这个植物，甚至用了毒药，但是后面有了一个转折说明并没有什么用，由此可以推出答案是A。

Then, get a family disaster kit ready. It should include things your family needs. It can help you survive (生存) at least for three days like bread, water, medicine and things like that. Put them in a bag so you can carry it if you leave in a hurry. When doing it, remember that different people have different needs. Include special things necessary for elderly or young members of your family.
54. What does the underlined word "kit" probably mean?
A．救护车 8搜救犬 c应急用品 D．防毒面具
从下文中看出这个东西可以帮助你至少生存3天，包含面包、水、药物，所以可以得出这是一个应急用品。由此可得出答案为C。
推理判断型
透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论(非考生观点)，客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
做题要领：既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。
此类题目文章中没有明确的答案，需要考生再理解全文的基础上进行推理和判断。其主要提问方式是：
1)It can be inferred from the text that ______.?
2) From the text we know that ______.?
3)With which of the following does the author agree？
4) Which of the following might happened later ?
5) The passage is probably taken from a ________ .
6) The writer suggests that ______.
例如：
45. The writer uses the title “The Vine That Ate the South” most probably to .
A. let readers know kudzu is a vine B. interest readers in a humorous way
C. tell readers the vine is a kind of food D. get readers to realize the passage is serious
光从这个标题来看，我们可以看出用了拟人的手法，大致猜测答案是B，然后结合文章内容，可以确定答案是B.
例篇讲解
For many years, scientists have known that laughing is good for the health of our minds and bodies. Now we are learning that it’s not just laughter. Having fun and playing are also good for us! Researchers have found that play is good for people of all ages. Play actually leads to the growth of more nerve connections in the brain and gives us more brain power.
Play is necessary during childhood. As children play, they learn how to make friends and relate to others. They develop their imaginations and become more creative. Kids carry these qualities with them as they grow older.
Amy Whitcomb teaches maths at a school in San Francisco. For several years, she has used games to teach maths. In one class, students play a game with small bags of candy to figure out how many pieces in the bags are red. When they get the correct answer, they can eat the candy! Amy says, ”If it’s not fun, they’re not going to want to be there. They’re not going to want to learn.”
The spirit of playfulness continues through the teenage years into adulthood (成人期). The famous company Google, for example, keeps a lot of toys and games at different places in their offices and encourages people to use them. Their motto is “Work hard. Play hard.” They know that people often get their best ideas when they are just “playing around ” and let their imaginations go wild.
So next time you have to solve a difficult maths problem or can’t think of a topic for an article, take a short play break. Do a little dance, or play a quick game. Then come back to it. Maybe you’ll be surprised at what your brain can do.
1. The example of the company Google is given to show that _______.
A. play is also fit for adults B. everyone there works hard
C. they have a lot of toys and games D. it is very famous in the world
2. The underlined expression “figure out” in Paragraph 3 probably means _______.
look after B. solve the problem of
C. draw a picture of D. play a joke on[来源:学科网]
3. According to the passage, you need to play if you _______.
A. want to make friends with others B. have to do some homework
C. fail to think of a topic for an article D. find a job in a big company
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. A maths lesson B. How children grow
C. The power of play D. Work hard, play hard

Keys：1.具体细节型，从文中第四段可以得出答案A。
2.猜测词意型，根据上下文可以得出玩糖果游戏是为了解决数学问题的，可以得出答案是B。
3..具体细节型，从文中最后一段第一句可以看出答案是C。
4.主旨大意型，从文章第一段第三句可以得出这个主旨，答案选C。

练习
（一）
Rob Frenette had problems with bullies(欺辱) at school for eleven years. He was often lonely and scared. When he was fifteen, however, he decided to do something about his problems. He walked into a newspaper office and told them about the bullying. His story went into the newspaper and soon all the TV stations in Canada wanted to talk to him about his experiences. They also wanted to hear his ideas to stop bullying.
After that, Rob continued his studies at school, but in his free time he helped other people with bullying problems. With a friend Katie Neu, he made a website called www. bullyingcanada. ca. Visitors to the website can find advice, stories and poems about bullying, in both English and French. When people are upset, they can talk on the phone or online to Rob and his team. Every weekend Rob has to answer e-mails to the website. He also speaks to children, teachers and members of government around the country about bullying.
Rob’s most important message is: “When bullies are unkind to you, it isn’t your fault. There’s nothing wrong with you, so you should try to keep trusting yourself. And remember that people care about your problems. You just have to find those people.”
One of Rob’s ideas is “Blue Day”, a special day for stopping bullying in schools. Students have to wear blue clothes and in class they learn how to stop bullying. More than 150 Canadian schools now celebrate Blue Day, but Rob won’t stop until there’s a Blue Day in every school in Canada.
How did Rob often feel at school before he was fifteen?
A. Relaxed. B. Unhappy. C. Shocked. D. Tired.
2. We can learn from this passage that Rob suffered from bullying since he was ______.
A. four. B. seven C. eleven D. fifteen
3. www. bullyingcanada. ca is a website where people can ______.
A. learn how to write poems B. get advice about bullying problems
C. get blue clothes for free D. practice both English and French
4. The underlined part “those people” in Paragraph 3 means _____.
A. people who always bullied others before B. people who help others with bullying problems
C. people who are members of the government D. people who write e-mails about their problems
5. What was the correct order in which these events happened?
a. Rob and his friend made a website. b. Rob was bullied at school.
c. Rob created “Blue Day”. d. Rob told his story in public.
A. b-d-a-c B. a-b-c-d C. b-a-d-c D. c-b-a-d

（二）
Below are several posters about community matters for people:
QIGONG ·?Improve your health · Relax your body and mind ·?Exercise gently Classes open to Beginners
? The art of Qigong started in China, thousands of years ago. ?? 10 per class Saturday & Sunday afternoons Tel: 7564349 Watercolor at Harbor House A fun place to learn how to use watercolors! For adults only ? 8 per class If you are 50 or over, it’s FREE! Mondays: 6:30pm-8:00pm Thursdays:8:00am-10:00am Tel: 8743236 WEA Women-only English classes We hold weekly-English classes for newcomers from other countries! · Mondays 10:30am-12:30am · Wednesdays 6:30pm-8:30pm Friendly and relaxed, all our classes are free! (Tel:9203346)
Drop-In Social Club at Cornerstone Community Center Tuesdays 7:00pm-9:15pm in the cafe (top floor) Fridays 3:00pm-5:00pm in the Green Room Provides a warm welcome and safe place to ·?meet new people · practise and get help with speaking English ·?do drawing and sports activities Tel: 9652313 Children are welcome to come with parents! It’s free! The Community Sings! Tuesdays 7:30am-9:00am Weekly drop-in singing class starts here Tues, 23rd Jan-Weds, 27th March ? 6 per class Learn about breading and vocal skills. Enjoy singing folk music and traditional songs in a friendly environment. Beginners are also welcome! Tel: 8908809

Which of the following says that parents could take their children along?
A. Qigong. B. Watercolor.
C. Drop- In Social Club. D. The Community Sings.
2. If an officer worker needs to improve his health at weekends, he should call _____.
A. 7564349 B. 8743236
C. 9652313 D. 8908809
3. Who fits WEA best?
A. One who enjoys working with others and making new friends.
B. One who has a strong wish to be an English teacher in the future.
C. One who has recently arrived and hopes to improve her English.
D. One who is good at his spoken English and tries to help others.
4. What can a beginner learn in The Community Sings?
A. How to take a deep breath. B. How to protect the environment.
C. How to write a song. D. How to improve singing skills.
（三）
You need some bread and milk. But half an hour later, you leave the supermarket with a trolley(手推车) full of food. What games do supermarkets play to make us spend so much money?
The tricks usually start before you walk in. Outside the supermarket entrance, anybody who walks past can smell warm, fresh bread. That makes us hungry and ready to buy lots of food, not just bread.
Now you’re inside and, of course, a small basket would be fine, but all they have are trolleys. And of course the problem with a trolley is that it looks sad and lonely with just one or two products inside. So we may fill it with something. In fact, supermarket trolleys are actually getting bigger so that we buy more.
Of course, many people shop in supermarkets because they think everything is cheaper than in other shops. So supermarkets offer very cheap prices on some things but then have higher prices for other products. One new trick is to put red stickers on products. Customers usually connect red stickers with lower prices so the red stickers is easy to be noticed, even when there is no reduction! Interestingly, this trick appears to work more with men than with women.
There is a story behind the position of everything in the supermarket. For example, customers often go only to buy milk. So they put it right at the back, forcing you to go past hundreds of shelves full of other products. The position of products on each shelf is also important. The most expensive products are usually at eye-level so you see these immediately. The exception is anything that children might like. These products are on lower shelves so that kids see them.
Apart from what you see and smell in a supermarket, what about what you listen to? In most supermarkets they have soft, slow music. It’s so relaxing that you slow down and spend more time (and money) in the store. You also move more slowly when the supermarket is busy. Experts suggest it’s better to shop when it’s quieter, on a Monday or a Tuesday for example. And be careful with queues at the checkouts. These are sometimes deliberate(故意), to make you buy something from the checkout shelves while you wait.
So, next time you go into your local supermarket, remember these tricks and see if you can come with just the things you went for.
Smells from bread in the supermarket ______.
A. make you feel hungry and buy more food B. draw your attention to bread only
C. make you buy less bread than you need D. force you to leave the supermarket
2. Supermarkets don’t provide baskets because ______.
A. supermarkets don’t usually have many B. baskets are too small to hold many products
C. it’s easy to go shopping with trolleys D. a trolley can hold one or two products inside
3. According to the passage, supermarkets put red stickers on products to ______.
A. make them look more beautiful B. make them different from cheaper ones
C. make people think the stickers are for men D. make people think they could save money
4. According to the passage, toys for children are usually placed ______.
A. on higher shelves B. on each shelf
C. on lower shelves D. on the back shelves
5. It can be learned from Paragraph 6 that supermarkets usually ______.
A. stop people lining up at the checkouts B. close on Monday morning
C. play loud and noisy music inside D. make customers feel relaxed
6. The passage is mainly about _____.
A. several ways supermarkets use to sell more products
B. some advice when people go shopping on the street
C. several rules that every business should follow
D. some advertisements that make people buy more
Keys：（一）1.B 2.A 3. B 4.B 5.A
(二）1.C 2.A 3.C 4.D
（三）1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.D 6.A




巩固练习
A
New Baby Brother
I was sitting in school
when I heard the news.
“Your baby brother is born,
and wants to see you!”

Dad got me from school
and to the hospital with no delay.
Hurrying on our journey,
he almost forgot the way!

My brother’s hands were tiny,
and wrinkly soft, like a prune.
After he smiled at me,
Mom said, “He’ll come home soon!”

Everyone “oohing” and “aahing”,
they say “He is so sweet.
And one day he’ll walk around
on those little baby feet!”
1. The writer was _____ when hearing the news.
A. at school B. at home C. in the hospital D. in the store
2. The writer’s _____ took the writer to the hospital to see the baby brother.
A. father B. mother C. brother D. teacher
3. The family felt _____ to have the new baby.
A. worried B. surprised C. relaxed D. excited
B
Have you ever heard of a rattlesnake? It is a poisonous (有毒的) American snake. When it is angry or afraid, it makes a noise like a rattle with its tail. It’s very scary. But Heather Ramirez and her husband, from California, in the United States, make a living in an unusual way. They are self-employed (自雇的) snake catchers! They catch snakes, especially rattlesnakes which have gone indoors, and return them to the wild.
Heather describes her work as “protecting people from rattlesnakes — and protecting rattlesnakes from people!” In the area where they live, rattlesnakes often come face to face with people. They are found in stores, offices, houses and gardens. Heather explains that it’s not the snakes that are moving into places where people live, but it’s the other way round. The snakes lived in these places first and then the people built houses.
Most people who see a rattlesnake are feared. If you keep your distance, however, the snake won’t bite (咬) you. In twelve years as a snake catcher, Heather has never touched a snake. She doesn’t take the risk. She picks up the snakes with a special tool. This doesn’t hurt them, but it keeps them at a safe distance so that they can’t bite her.
Heather and her husband are very busy because they are never off duty. Catching snakes is a full-time job and they don’t often have a day off. People can get to them at any time of the day or night. Not everyone can do this job, but Heather doesn’t want to do anything else. “I just love my job,” she says.
1. The Ramirezs make a living in an unusual way by _____.
A. catching and selling snakes B. catching snakes as a part-time job
C. protecting snakes in the wild D. being self-employed snake catchers
2. In Paragraph 2, Heather explains why the rattlesnakes _____.
A. never bite people B. are afraid of people
C. are found where people live D. lived with people at first
3. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to _____.
A. rattlesnakes B. special tools
C. people around D. the Ramirezs
4. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. Heather catches snakes only at night.
B. Heather is always ready to do her job.
C. Heather risks touching snakes sometimes.
D. Heather has been a snake catcher for 20 years.
C
A team is a group of people with a common goal. A school’s football team has two goals. One goal is to win. That is what the team wants to do. The other goal is to build character. Character is what a person values, how a person gets along with others. That is why schools have football teams. They want to help students build good values.
Each team member builds character. They learn to cooperate (合作). They learn to make good decisions. They work hard. They practice every day. They learn to follow the rules.
Each team member has a position (位置). Each position is part of winning. No one player has the ability to win the game for the team. Only if the team works together does a team win. People often say, “There is no I in TEAM.”
Whether the team wins or loses, at the end of the game they congratulate the other team. That is called sportsmanship. While they fight to win during the game, it is just a game. They cannot be angry with the other team. If they are, they’ll hear from their coach.
▲ makes sure the team reaches the school’s goal. The coach cares about the whole team. The coach gives each player advice. When the team wins, everyone celebrates. And the coach is glad. But after the season is over, the coach is still happy. The coach gets to see the players as they go to school every day. The character they have built is part of their success in school, too.[来源:Zxxk.Com]
Some coaches say that if you go into a classroom at their school you’ll be able to tell the players. It is not that they are bigger than the other students. It is the ones who are helping other students work. Teamwork is part of their lives.
1. Schools build football teams mainly to help students _____.
A. get good grades B. become leaders
C. build good values D. improve football skills
2. What does the underlined sentence “There is no I in TEAM.” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. I never take part in the game.
B. I am not a member of the team.
C. A famous star is the key to success.
D. Teamwork comes first during the game.
3. Which of the following can be put in the blank in Paragraph 5?
A. The captain B. The coach C. The headmaster D. The monitor
4. Some coaches think football players are different from others because they are _____.
A. taller B. bigger C. more helpful D. more talented
D
One day, Susie was unhappy when she came home from school. “What’s the matter, my dear?” asked her mother, drawing her to her side and smiling.
“All our class must hand in compositions tomorrow. We must write 12 lines at least. But I can never write one. I’ll have to go to school without a composition, for I won’t copy one from a book, or ask you or papa to write one for me.”
“That’s right,” said her mother. “You’ll be happier with a poor composition, if it’s your own, than with a fine one written by somebody else. But cheer up. Run into the garden and play. I’ll call you in half an hour. Don’t think about your composition now. Just have a good time.”
It seemed just a few minutes to Susie before she heard her mother calling her. She went into the house immediately — her hands full of sweet flowers, and her face red with exercise.
Then her mother asked her to sit by the window with a nice piece of paper and a pencil, and write something about what she could see. “Never mind your composition; do this to please me, and we’ll talk about that later.”
Although Susie thought her mother’s request was strange, she knew she always had a good reason for everything she did. So she did as her mother requested.
As she looked out, she first saw the western sky and some bright, sunset clouds. “Oh, mother, what a sunset!”
“Don’t talk. Just write.”
The pencil began moving rapidly across the paper. She wrote about the sunset clouds, the look of the distant hills, the streets, the river, the garden with its flowers, and the birds flying past the window. She forgot all about the terrible composition!
Just as she had reached the bottom of the page, her mother came in and said with a smile, “Well, Susie, how does that composition come on?”
“Composition! You told me not to think about it, and I’ve never thought of it once. I’ve had such a nice time writing about what I could see from the window.”
Mrs. Smith took the paper and read what Susie had written. She said, “There, Susie, that’s a very nice composition, really.”
“A composition! Is that a composition?” Susie asked in surprise.
“Yes, my dear, and a very good one, too, if we find a title for it,” replied her mother. Then she added, “I’m sure it will please your teacher, as it does me. You see, it’s easy enough to write a composition if you have anything interesting to write about.”
1. Susie was unhappy when she came home because _____.
A. she was punished by her teacher
B. she couldn’t write a composition
C. she forgot to take her composition home
D. she didn’t get on well with her classmates
2. From the story we can know Susie’s mother _____.
A. had never understood her daughter
B. had never talked with Susie’s teacher
C. knew how to write a good composition
D. wrote the composition for her daughter
3. The title of Susie’s composition might be _____.
A. My Helpful Clever Mother B. The Beautiful Sights at Sunset
C. How to Please Your Teacher D. How to Have a Pleasant Time [来源:网]
4. What might happen the next morning?
A. Susie’s classmates would laugh at her.
B. Susie’s teacher would be angry with her.[来源:学科网]
C. Susie’s mother would ask her to stay at home.
D. Susie would hand in her composition happily.
Keys： A: 1. A 2.A 3.D B: 1.D 2.C 3.A 4.B
C: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.C D: 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D