北师大版高中英语模块8 Unit 24 Society语言点（1）

Unit 24 Society 语言点（1）
学习目标
重点词汇
voluntary, abundant, deposit, govern, accumulate, burden, diverse, choke, virtue, resign, elect, merciful
重点短语
on the increase, come into being, above all, be well off, wind sb. up, in the hope of /that, show off
重点句型
what if
no better than一族
知识讲解
重点词汇
voluntary
【原句回放】Now nearly 60% of 16-18 year-olds are in voluntary full-time education compared with 32% twenty years ago. 与20年前的32%相比，现在16至18岁的人中近60%在接受自愿的全日制教育。
【点拨】voluntary adj. 志愿的，自愿的；故意的；自发的
The prisoner made a voluntary statement.
那个犯人主动地做了供述。
When she retired she did a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross.
她退休后为红十字会做了许多义务工作。
【拓展】volunteer n. 志愿者
v. 自愿或无偿地给予帮助
常见搭配：volunteer to do sth. 自愿/志愿做某事
The center needs more volunteers to help children to read.
中心需要更多的志愿者帮孩子们读书。
The company volunteered to donate fifty computers to help the disabled people.
这家公司自愿捐出50台电脑帮助那些残疾人。
abundant
【原句回放】There have also sadly been abundant cases of violence at home. 令人伤心的是，在国内也有大量的暴力案件。
【点拨】abundant adj. 丰富的，充裕的，盛产
常用搭配：be abundant in = be rich in 含有丰富的……；富于
The country is abundant in natural resources.
这个国家有丰富的自然资源。
Rice is abundant in the river valley.
河谷地区生产大米。
We have abundant evidence that cars have a harmful effect on the environment.
我们有充足的证据证明汽车对环境有不良影响。
【拓展】abundantly adv. 大量地，丰盛地，充裕地
abundance n. 大量，丰富，充裕
in abundance 大量的，丰富的
deposit
【原句回放】Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change our money into different countries’ currencies in the hope that we can make even more money. 有时，我们会储蓄一些钱或者将钱兑换成不同国家的货币，希望能够赚取更多的钱。
【点拨】deposit n. 存款；保证金；沉淀物
vt. 存储，储蓄
常用搭配：deposit sth. in sth. 把……存入……
deposit sth. on sth. 为……交保证金
deposit sth. with ... 把某物存放在……处
Guests may deposit their valuables in the hotel safe.
旅客可将贵重物品存放在旅馆的保险柜中。
You must pay a deposit if you book a room.
你要预订房间，就得先付定金。
He’s deposited quite a lot of money recently.
他最近存入了不少的钱。
govern
【原句回放】Besides, we’re all taxpayers so the more we earn the more tax we have to pay to those who govern us. 除此之外，我们都是纳税人，因此我们挣的钱越多，就要向政府交更多的税。
【点拨】govern v. 统治，支配，控制，管理
The class is famously hard to govern.
这个班出了名的难管。
Please try to govern your passions.
请尽量控制你的感情。
What forces govern the course of history?
是什么力量影响历史的走向?
【拓展】government n. 政府
accumulate
【原句回放】…we accumulate possessions but feel like we have enough. ……我们积累财产但是永远感觉不到足够。
【点拨】accumulate v. 累积，积聚
Work hard, and you will accumulate a fortune someday.
如果你努力工作，总有一天会积累起一笔财富的。
True poetry accumulates meaning every time it is read.
真正的好诗每读一遍都会有新的含义。
I just want to accumulate some useful experience there.
我只想在那里积累一些有用的经验。
【拓展】accumulation n. 积累，累积量
burden
【原句回放】Instead，they feel like a burden because every month we have to hand over most of the money we earn to pay for them. 它们就像一种负担，由于每个月我们必须用我们挣的大部分钱来支付它们。
【点拨】burden n. 负担；责任；船的载货量
vt. 烦扰；使负担；装货于
常用搭配：drop one’s burden 卸下重担
lay a burden on sb. 给某人增加负担
burden sb. with sth. 使某人担负……
be burdened with sth. 负重；负担
I don’t like being a burden on other people.
我不想成为别人的负担。
The main burden of caring for old people falls on the state.
国家担负起了照料老人的大部分责任。
He doesn’t want to burden me with his worries.
他不想让我为他的烦恼操心。
She got off the bus, burdened with two heavy suitcases.
她提着两只沉重的箱子,下了公共汽车。
diverse
【原句回放】If laws such as these came into being，a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions. 如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要作巨大的调整，而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。
【点拨】diverse adj. 不同的，变化多的
They are the people from diverse cultures.
他们是有着不同文化背景的人。
Since then, she has played a diverse range of roles.
从那时起，她出演了各种不同的角色。
【拓展】diversity n. 差异，多样性
a great diversity of methods 各种不同的方法
choke
【原句回放】Elaine eats so fast that she often chokes. 伊莱恩吃得太快，经常噎到。
【点拨】choke vi. & vt.（使）窒息；（使）哽咽；塞满，堵塞
n. 哽咽声，呛住的声音
常用搭配：
choke up 塞满，哽咽
choke off 限制，阻止
choke back 抑制，克制
The smoke from the stove almost choked me.
炉子里发出的烟呛得我几乎透不过气来。
The streets in the centre of the city were choked up with traffic.
市中心的街道被车辆堵塞了。
His performance made people choke with laughter.
他的表演令人喷饭。
The girl talked endlessly and her mother had to choke her off.
女孩讲个没完，她的母亲不得不加以阻止。
virtue
【原句回放】Among them he had spent five years on the island of Utopia and he couldn’t stop talking about its virtues. 其中他在乌托邦岛生活过五年，他禁不住讲起了那里的种种优点。
【点拨】virtue n. 美德；优点；功效
常用搭配：by/in virtue of =by means of =because of 由于，因为
Sometimes we need to remind ourselves that thankfulness is indeed a virtue.
有时我们需要提醒我们自己，感恩是真正的美德。
Free trade has a number of virtues.
自由贸易有许多优点。
He is a man of highest virtue.
他是一个品德高尚的人。
They could see no virtue in discussing it further.
他们看不到再讨论下去有什么好处。
She got the job by virtue of her great experience.
她由于经验极为丰富而获得了那份工作。
resign
【原句回放】His boss insisted that he work longer hours so he resigned. 他的老板坚决要求他加班所以他辞职了。
【点拨】resign vi.& vt. 辞职；放弃(权力等)
David complained about ill-treatment and decided to resign from his office.
戴维抱怨受到虐待，决定辞职。
Josh resigned himself to the long walk home.
乔希只好走很长的路回家。
She’s resigned to spending Christmas on her own.
她只得一个人过圣诞节。
elect
【原句回放】There is a leader in each area of the town and each town has an elected leader. 城里的每一片区域都有一个领导者，每座城有一个推举出来的领袖。
【点拨】elect v. 选举；推选；选择
To elect or to be elected is no laughing matter. 选举和被选举不是儿戏。
I wonder who they will elect as mayor. 我不知道他们会选谁当市长。
Putin was elected president of Russia for the third time in 2012.
普京于2012年第三次当选俄罗斯总统。
【拓展1】近义词：appoint, make, choose
He was made monitor. 他被选为班长。
【拓展2】election n. 选举，选举权
merciful
【原句回放】The government is merciful but if someone behaves really badly they can be made into slaves… 政府很宽大，但是如果有人举止恶劣，他们可能被迫成为奴隶……
【点拨】merciful adj.宽大的，仁慈的
常用搭配：be merciful to sb. 对某人宽容
The prisoner begged the judge to be merciful. 囚犯恳求法官宽恕。
She was merciful to the prisoners. 她对犯人很仁慈。
【拓展】mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕
常用搭配：show mercy to sb./ have mercy on sb. 对……怜悯
at the mercy of sb./sth. 任……处置，由…… 摆布
ask/beg for mercy 请求/乞求宽恕
without mercy 毫不怜悯
The ship was at the mercy of the wave. 那只船任由风浪冲撞着。
We should show mercy to others. 我们应对人怜悯。
重点短语
on the increase
【原句回放】Problems like begging and homelessness are on the increase. 乞讨和无家可归之类的问题数量在增加。
【点拨】on the increase 在上升，在增加
The bank’s deposit accounts are on the increase.
银行存款在不断增加。
Overseas travels are on the increase.
海外旅游人数正在增长。
【拓展1】increase v. 增加，增进 n. 增加（量）
【拓展2】on the decrease 在减少
come into being
【原句回放】If laws such as these came into being，a huge adjustment would be required and there would certainly be diverse reactions. 如果像这样的法律能够形成的话，社会将需要作巨大的调整，而人们的反应也一定会各有不同。
【点拨】come into being形成，产生
When did the world come into being?
世界是什么时候开始存在的？
How does the Chinese Valentine come into being?
七夕节是怎么来的？
Thus many Hope Primary Schools have come into being.
这样就有了许多希望小学。
above all
【原句回放】Above all, we should remember that “being” and “doing” are much more important than “having”. 最重要的是,我们应该记住“做人”和“做事”比“拥有”要重要的多。
【点拨】above all 首先，最重要的是（强调重要性）
And above all, remember you are loved.
最重要的是，记住，你被爱包围。
I hate him, above all, his way to people.
我讨厌他，尤其是他待人接物的方式。
Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.
任何东西都不可浪费，尤其不可浪费时间。
【拓展1】first of all 首先（强调次序）
First of all, they know it’s not true.
首先，他们知道这并不真实。
First of all, allow me to extend to you my warmest welcome.
首先，请允许我向你们表达我最热烈的欢迎。
【拓展2】含all的其他常见短语
in all 总共 at all 根本，全然 after all 毕竟，然而
be well off
【原句回放】Surely we’re still better off than those who wear rags and sleep on the streets or in vacant buildings ... 当然我们仍旧比那些穿着破烂衣衫，睡在大街上或空置建筑物里的人生活得好……
【点拨】be well off 有钱，富裕，处境好的（better off是well off的比较级）
You seem to be well off for clothes. 你看来是不缺衣服穿的。
Fool never knows when they are well off. 傻瓜永远不知道他何时会享福。
The world is better off for it. 世界因此更美好。
【拓展】be badly off 贫穷，每况愈下
I’ve been quite badly off recently. 最近我经济上很拮据。
It is clear that there were people who were worse off than me.
明显的是，还有比我的处境更糟糕的人。
wind sb. up
【原句回放】You’re just trying to wind me up, aren’t you? 你是不是在故意气我？
【点拨】wind sb. up 故意惹恼某人（尤指开玩笑）
He used to wind me up about my big nose.
他过去常常拿我的大鼻子来气我。
Don’t take any notice—she’s just trying to wind you up.
别在意，她只是在逗你。
【拓展1】含wind的常见短语
wind up 上发条；把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇上；以……告终
wind sth. up 结束，关闭(公司、企业等)，停止营业
wind sth. around sth. 缠绕；卷绕
wind one’s way 蜿蜓前行；曲折延伸
wind down 逐渐变慢；逐渐平静下来；放松
【拓展2】wind 意为“卷，绕，摇”等，其过去式、过去分词都是wound。
in the hope of /that
【原句回放】Sometimes we try to deposit a little or change our money into different countries’ currencies in the hope that we can make even more money. 有时，我们会储蓄一些钱或者将钱兑换成不同国家的货币，希望能够赚取更多的钱。
【点拨】in the hope of /that 对……怀有希望
I am in the hope of succeeding this time.
我期待着这次能够成功。
He went to London in the hope of being a famous painter.
他去了伦敦，希望能成为一个著名的画家。
I called in the hope that she was at home.
我希望她在家才给她打的电话。
I studied hard in the hope that good grades might attract her attention.
我努力学习，希望获得好成绩，引起她的注意。
show off
【原句回放】Nobody has any desire to show off and gold and silver have no value—unlike in our society. 没有人有任何欲望去炫耀并且金和银没有价值——这与我们的社会不同。
【点拨】show off 炫耀，夸耀，卖弄
He’s just showing off because that girl he likes is here.
他不过是在表现自己，因为他喜欢的那个姑娘在场。
I’m going to show off my skills today.
今天我要给大家露一手。
She likes to show off her nice figure by wearing tight dresses.
她总穿紧身衣来炫耀她的好身材。
【拓展】
show sb. around/round 带某人参观 show up 出现；揭露
show sb. out 领某人出去 show sb. in 领某人进去
重点句型
what if
【原句回放】What if some married people have affairs? 有些已婚的人有风流韵事怎么办呢？
【点拨】What if...? 要是……会怎样呢？倘若……又如何？
注意：What if? 相当于“What would happen if ...?”，表示假设、邀请或建议，可以用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气（一般过去时或should+动词原形）。
What if she forgets to bring the tool? 要是她忘记带工具怎么办？
What if this problem had to be solved in the next half-hour?
在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须解决，你会怎样做?
What if you join us for lunch? 同我们一起吃午饭怎么样？
What if we moved the sofa over here? Would that look better?
要是我们把沙发挪到这边来会怎么样？看上去会不会好一些？
【拓展】类似省略句型：
What for...? 为何目的？为何理由？
What though...? 尽管……有什么关系？
What of it? 那又怎么样呢？（承认某事属实，想知道为何重要）
So what? (口语)那又怎样？（认为某事无关紧要或反驳他人的指责）
no better than一族
【原句回放】Let’s face it, the death penalty is murder and no better than any other murder just because it is committed by the state. 让我们面对这些：死刑是谋杀，也不比任何其它谋杀好多少，只是因为它是由国家做的。
【点拨】no better than一族
注意：此短语是由“no+比较级+than”构成的，意为“不比……更……”，表示对前后两者同时都否定了。如no more than意为“两者都不多，也不比……多多少”。
You are no taller than he (is). = Neither you nor he is tall. 你也不比他高多少。
Tom runs no faster than John does. 汤姆跑得也不比约翰快多少。（两人都不快）
He’s no richer than a beggar. 他同乞丐一样穷。（穷如乞丐）
【拓展】not better than 不如……好，比……差（否定前者）
not more than 不如……多，比……少
You are not more careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。
His English is not better than mine. 他的英语不如我的英语好。
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据句意及所给汉语提示或首字母用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. It’s not ______ (自愿的) work and you can get paid for it.
2. There are many _____ (空闲的) seats in the theatre because people are not interested in the play.
3. He is so young that he can’t carry the ______ (负担) of such a big family alone.
4. Fruit and vegetables grew in ______ (丰富) on the island.
5. The program deals with subjects as ______ (各种各样的) as pop music and Beijing Opera.
6. After three years without promotion he decided to ______ (辞职).
7. He was ______ (选举) chairman of the Student Union of Fudan University several times.
8. In England, it isn’t the Queen but elected representatives of the people that ________ (统治) the country.
9. Gentleness is the _______ (优点) he appreciates in his wife.
10. You are advised to _______ (寄存) your valuables in the hotel safe.
二、选择填空
come into being, be well off, above all, in the hope that,
what if, show off wind up, on the increase
1. In fact most people _________ than they were five years ago.
2. When did the world _________?
3. Most small children like to _________ in front of visitors.
4. The girl went home crying because some boys in her class _______ her _______.
5. He went to the city ________ he could find a better job.
6. The technical cooperation and cultural exchange between the two countries are _______.
7. _______ she doesn’t like the restaurant I choose?
8. Children should learn _______ how to observe good manners at table.
三、单项选择
1. She did a quick twirl to show ________ her dress.
A. up B. around C. in D. off
2. They planted flowers in great ________ in this area.
A. amount B. size C. abundance D. blossom
3. Miss Anne has just got her salary raised, so her decision to ________ was a great surprise to everyone.
A. dismiss B. resign C. retire D. fire
4. —The chairman was ________ by secret ballot (投票).
—It is said that he was forced to resign within three months of his election.
A. elected B. selected C. picked D. asked
5. No one knows exactly when the lake _________.
A. took its place B. came into being C. happened D. came over
6. Only by continuously increasing social accumulation can a country be prosperous and the people ________.
A. well up B. well off C. well away D. well out
7. Dust ________ in a room if we do not clean the room regularly.
A. accomplishes B. accumulates C. accommodates D. achieves
8. I don’t want to burden you ______ my problems, for you ______ important tasks.
A. about; are burdened with B. with; are burdened with
C. for; burden with D. with; are burdened about
9. Although these states and their people are ________, they share the common goal of economic development.
A. diverse B. many C. classic D. popular
10. He is so ________ a man that he will have held an umbrella over a duck in a shower of rain.
A. merciful B. honest C. reasonable D. sincere
11. We eventually ________ staying in a little hotel a few miles from the town.
A．winded up B．wound up C．gave up D．put up
12. He ________ a sum of money in the bank each month in order to buy a flat.
A．deposits B．reserves C．constructs D．collects
13. Our college is going to choose some ________ from the graduates to serve the poor village during the summer vacation.
A．volunteers B．firefighters C．employers D．prisoners
14．Several foreign businessmen invested large sums of money in this project________ great profits.
A．in the hope of B．in favour of C．in search of D．in need of
15. —Does Jim do his new job well？
—______ his old job. How stupid！I fear there’s no hope for him.
A. No better than B. Not better than C. No so well as D. No as well as
16. —Well, I’m afraid it’ll be too crowded if you spend your holiday by the seaside at this time of year.
—_____I go to the countryside?
—It’ll be more enjoyable, I think.
A. How do you like B Do you suggest C. What if D. How about
17. The rise and fall of the sea is ______ by the movements of the moon.
A. tried B. governed C. managed D. attempted
18. I’d like to buy a house---- modern, comfortable, and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.
A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all
19. She ______ her tears when she heard her son’s bad news.
A. choked off B. choked on C. choked with D. choked back
20. Unemployment is _______. A growing number of young people, as a result, are finding themselves out of work.
A. on the decrease B. increase C. decrease D. on the increase
答案与解析：
一、单词填空
1. voluntary 2. vacant 3. burden 4. abundance 5. diverse
6. resign 7. elected 8. govern 9. virtue 10. deposit
二、选择填空
1. are better off 2. come into being 3. show off 4. wound, up
5. in the hope that 6. on the increase 7. What if 8. above all
三、单项选择
1. D。句意：她轻快地一转身来炫耀自己所穿的衣服。根据句意选D，show off意为“炫耀，卖弄”。
2. C。句意：他们在这个地区种了许多花。in abundance许多, 大量, 符合语境。
3. B。dismiss“开除”; resign“辞职”; retire“退休”; fire“解雇”。根据句意“安妮女士刚被提升了工资, 所以她的辞职使每个人都始料不及。”可知B项正确。
4. A。句意：——这个主席是由不记名投票选出来的。——据说在当选的三个月内他就被迫辞职了。elect选举, 符合题意。
5. B。句意：没有人准确知道这个湖是何时形成的。come into being形成。
6. B。well off为固定短语, 意为：经济上富裕的, 处境好的。句意：只有不断增加社会积累, 一个国家才能兴旺, 人民才能富裕。
7. B。句意：房间如果不经常打扫就会积满灰尘。accumulate积累；堆积；accomplish完成，达到，实现；accommodate供应，提供住宿；achieve完成，达到。
8. B。句意：我不想增加你的麻烦，因为你担负着重任。burden sb./oneself with sth. 以某事加负担于某人/某人自己。be burdened with... 担负着……。
9. A。由连词Although可知，主从句前后意思应该是相对的，与主句中common（共同的）相对的应该选diverse（多种多样的），所以选A。classic 典型的，传统式样的；popular 受欢迎的。句意：虽然这些国家和人民各有不同，但是他们有着共同的发展经济的目标。
10. A。句意：他为人是那么大慈大悲，在倾盆大雨中会给鸭子打伞。根据句意，选A，merciful意为“仁慈的”，符合题意。honest 诚实的；reasonable 合理的；sincere 真诚的。
11. B。句意：我们最终在离城几英里的一家小旅店里落脚。wind up 以……告终/终结；wind过去式应为wound；give up 放弃；put up虽有“投宿，在……过夜”之意，但常用 put up at a hotel“在旅馆过夜”。或put sb. up“为某人提供住宿，留某人住在家中”。因此只有B符合语境。
12. A。句意：他每个月在银行存一笔钱，以便能买一套公寓。deposit “存储”；reserve “保留；预定”；construct “建造”；collect “搜集”。
13. A。句意：我们学校要从毕业生中挑选一些暑假期间到贫困乡村做志愿服务的志愿者。volunteer“志愿者”；firefighter“消防员”；employer“雇主”；prisoner“囚犯”。从句意判断，假期为农村服务，应是招募志愿者，所以选A。
14. A。句意：几个外商在这项工程上投了大笔的钱，希望得到巨大的利润。in the hope of表示“抱着……的希望”，符合句意。in favour of“支持，赞成”；in search of “寻找”；in need of“需要”。
15. A。根据 How stupid！I fear there’s no hope for him 可知说话人对 Jim 新工作表现的评价是负面的，故选A。no better than表示“与……一样的不好，与……一样的差”之意。句意：他做新工作与以前工作一样差。他太笨了，我担心他没什么希望了。
16. C。根据句意，第一个人认为去海边度假会很拥挤，第二个人提出另一个建议，所以选what if (如果……怎么样)。
17. B。考查govern的用法。句意：海水的潮涨潮落是由月球的活动所控制的。be governed by 由……控制；其他三个动词均与句意不符，故选B。
18. B。句意：“我想买一幢房子——时髦、舒适，最重要的是，位于一个安静的地方。”本题考查介词短语辨析。in all意为“总共”；above all意为“首先”；after all意为“毕竟”；at all意为“根本”。由句意可知答案为B项。
19. D。句意：当她听到儿子的坏消息时，她强忍住泪水。choke off 阻塞；choke on sth. 因某物而窒息，塞住；choke with sth. 塞满，阻塞；choke back 抑制。
20. D。从下文的as a result可知，“发现自己失业的年轻人的数量在增加”表明“失业率在增加”，而不是在减少，排除表示“减少”的A和C；因为be动词不能直接与动词原形连用，排除B，所以选D。